Calculation Of Volume Research Articles

Innovative volumetric assessment of red ochre mining: AI-driven drone surveys and underwater volume calculations using DGPS and bamboo stick methodology

Innovative volumetric assessment of red ochre mining: AI-driven drone surveys and underwater volume calculations using DGPS and bamboo stick methodology

Volume Analysis of Mining Excavation Progress Using Unmanned Aerial Vehicle-Photogrammetry Method

In recent years, the use of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) has become an alternative for topographic mapping, and this is called the UAV-Photogrammetry method. Topographic mapping in mining activities is carried out to determine the progress of actual volume of material taken. However, in general, topographic mapping is carried out using terrestrial survey methods. These methods require a long data acquisition time and a lot of personnel. This paper focuses on surveying the volume of mining progress using the UAV-Photogrammetry method and compares it with truck count volume data. The results of this study showed that the deviation in volume calculations using UAV-Photogrammetry method compared with truck count volume data in week I was 233 m3 or 0.654%, week II was 214 m3 or 0.151%, week III was 496 m3 or 0.840%, and week IV was 243 m3 or 0.210%. The results of the t-test showed that there was no significant difference between the volume calculation using the UAV-Photogrammetry method and truck count data, which means both measurement types produce statistically similar results.

Approach for evaluating the effectiveness of ex vivo root canal instrumentation using microtomography

Endodontic treatment of a tooth involves effective elimination of the infectious process localized in the tooth cavity and root canals. The process of root canal treatment is carried out using specialized rotary instruments (files). In this paper, an approach is proposed for evaluating the effectiveness of root canal treatment using the ProTaper Next file system ex vivo using computed X-ray microtomography and VGSTUDIO MAX 3.5 software. This approach involves comparison of three-dimensional tooth models before and after the endodontic instrumentation procedure, segmentation, calculation of the root canal volume using software according to a specially developed protocol, as well as a study of their microgeometry. As an example of using the approach, a study of the features of root canal instrumentation of two- and three-rooted human molars is presented. The developed approach demonstrated high effectiveness in the process of examining human teeth, while the endodontic procedure was effective for both two- and three-rooted molars in terms of removing the internal biological content of the canals, which indicates the reliability of the applied method. The developed approach can be applied to evaluate the effectiveness of liquid dental materials and antibacterial solutions used during endodontic treatment of teeth.

Petrography of Ophiolitic Detritus from a Miocene Conglomerate Formation on Darnó Hill, SW Bükk Mts (N Hungary): A Unique Tool to Trace Covered Ophiolitic Sequences

Petrographic studies have been carried out on the Early Miocene Darnó Conglomerate Formation, which consists only of debris of ophiolitic mélange and is found today on Darnó Hill in SW Bükk, NE Hungary. The studied sediments are bounded by the Darnó line from Darnó Hill. The aim of this work was to show if it is possible to reconstruct the petrographic composition of the source area only from its debris. The rock types were determined in thin sections using a polarizing microscope, and a quantitative analysis of the different rock types was carried out using the grain counting method, the results of which were interpreted as volume ratios. The main rock types observed in the studied samples (textural varieties of basalt, dolerite/microgabbro, claystone, siltstone, and radiolarite) are similar to the rock types of the mélange assemblage of Darnó Hill. Based on the volume calculations of basaltic detrital grains with different textures characteristic for pillow basalts, it could be established that pillow basalts dominated the igneous rocks in the source area of the Darnó Conglomerate on Darnó Hill already in the Miocene. Thus, this work shows that the lithological composition of a source area can be precisely outlined by a detailed petrographic analysis of the debris eroded from the immediate vicinity.

Observed and expected reliability of echocardiographic volumetric methods and critical change values for quantification of mitral regurgitant fraction in dogs.

Reliability of echocardiographic calculations for stroke volume and mitral regurgitant fraction (RFMR) are affected by observer variability and lack of a gold standard. Variability is used to calculate critical change values (CCVs) that are thresholds representing real change in a measure not associated with observer variability. Observed intra- and interobserver accuracy and variability in healthy dogs help model CCV for RFMR. Reliability cohort of 34 healthy dogs; allometric scaling cohort of 99 dogs with heart disease and 25 healthy dogs. Accuracy, variability, and CCV of 2 observers using geometric and flow-based echocardiography were prospectively compared against a standard of RFMR = 0% and extrapolated across a range of expected RFMR values in the reliability cohort partly derived from cardiac dimensions predicted by the allometric cohort. Accuracy of methods to determine RFMR in descending order was 4-chamber bullet (Bullet4CH), mitral inflow, cube formula, and Simpson's method of disks. Intraobserver variability was relatively high. The CCV for RFMR ranged from 28% to 88% and was inversely related to RFMR when extrapolated for use in affected dogs. For both observers, the Bullet4CH method had the lowest intraobserver CCV (Operator 1:28%, Operator 2:41%). Interobserver strength of agreement was low with intraclass correlation coefficients ranging from 0.210 to 0.413. Echocardiographic volumetric methods used to calculate stroke volume and RFMR have low accuracy and high variability in healthy dogs. Extrapolation of observed CCV to a range of expected RFMR suggests observers and methods are not interchangeable and variability might hinder routine clinical usage. Individual observers should be aware of their own variability and CCV.

Deconstructing 3D growth rates from transmission microscopy images of facetted crystals as captured in situ within supersaturated aqueous solutions.

Here, a morphologically based approach is used for the in situ characterization of 3D growth rates of facetted crystals from the solution phase. Crystal images of single crystals of the β-form of l-glutamic acid are captured in situ during their growth at a relative supersaturation of 1.05 using transmission optical microscopy. The crystal growth rates estimated for both the {101} capping and {021} prismatic faces through image processing are consistent with those determined using reflection light mode [Jiang, Ma, Hazlehurst, Ilett, Jackson, Hogg & Roberts (2024 ▸). Cryst. Growth Des. 24, 3277-3288]. The growth rate in the {010} face is, for the first time, estimated from the shadow widths of the {021} prismatic faces and found to be typically about half that of the {021} prismatic faces. Analysis of the 3D shape during growth reveals that the initial needle-like crystal morphology develops during the growth process to become more tabular, associated with the Zingg factor evolving from 2.9 to 1.7 (>1). The change in relative solution supersaturation during the growth process is estimated from calculations of the crystal volume, offering an alternative approach to determine this dynamically from visual observations.

Quantitation of mitral regurgitation using positron emission tomography

BackgroundCardiac positron emission tomography (PET) offers non-invasive assessment of perfusion and left ventricular (LV) function from a single dynamic scan. However, no prior assessment of mitral regurgitation severity by PET has been presented. Application of indicator dilution techniques and gated image analyses to PET data enables calculation of forward stroke volume and total LV stroke volume. We aimed to evaluate a combination of these methods for measurement of regurgitant volume (RegVol) and fraction (RegF) using dynamic 15O-water and 11C-acetate PET in comparison to cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR).ResultsTwenty-one patients with severe primary mitral valve regurgitation underwent same-day dynamic PET examinations (15O-water and 11C-acetate) and CMR. PET data were reconstructed into dynamic series with short time frames during the first pass, gated 15O-water blood pool images, and gated 11C-acetate myocardial uptake images. PET-based RegVol and RegF correlated strongly with CMR (RegVol: 15O-water r = 0.94, 11C-acetate r = 0.91 and RegF: 15O-water r = 0.88, 11C-acetate r = 0.84, p < 0.001). A systematic underestimation (bias) was found for PET (RegVol: 15O-water − 11 ± 13 mL, p = 0.002, 11C-acetate − 28 ± 16 mL, p < 0.001 and RegF: 15O-water − 4 ± 6%, p = 0.01, 11C-acetate − 10 ± 7%, p < 0.001). PET measurements in patients were compared to healthy volunteers (n = 18). Mean RegVol and RegF was significantly lower in healthy volunteers compared to patients for both tracers. The accuracy of diagnosing moderately elevated regurgitant volume (> 30mL) was 95% for 15O-water and 92% for 11C-acetate.ConclusionsLV regurgitation severity quantified using cardiac PET correlated with CMR and showed high accuracy for discriminating patients from healthy volunteers.

Flow quantification within the aortic ejection tract using 4D flow cardiac MRI in patients with bicuspid aortic valve: Implications for the assessment of aortic regurgitation

PurposeThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the performance of four-dimensional (4D) flow cardiac MRI in quantifying aortic flow in patients with bicuspid aortic valve (BAV). Materials and methodsPatients with BAV who underwent transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) and 4D flow cardiac MRI were prospectively included. Aortic flow was quantified using two-dimensional phase contrast velocimetry at the sinotubular junction and in the ascending aorta and using 4D flow in the regurgitant jet, in the left ventricular outflow tract, at the aortic annulus, the sinotubular junction, and the ascending aorta, with or without anatomical tracking. Flow quantification was compared with ventricular volumes, pulmonary flow using Pearson correlation test, bias and limits of agreement (LOA) using Bland Altman method, and with multiparametric transthoracic echocardiography quantification using weighted kappa test. ResultsEighty-eight patients (63 men, 25 women) with a mean age of 50.5 ± 14.8 (standard deviation) years (age range: 20.8–78.3) were included. Changes in flow with or without tracking were modest (< 5 mL). The best correlation was obtained at the aortic annulus for forward volume (r = 0.84; LOA [-28.4; 25.3] mL) and at the regurgitant jet and sinotubular junction for regurgitant volume (r = 0.68; LOA [-27.8; 33.8] and r = 0.69; LOA [-28.6; 24.2] mL). A combined approach for regurgitant fraction and net volume calculations using forward volume measured at ANN and regurgitant volume at sinotubular junction performed better than each level taken separately (r = 0.90; LOA [-20.7; 10.0] mL and r = 0.48, LOA [-33.8; 33.4] %). The agreement between transthoracic echocardiography and 4D flow cardiac MRI for aortic regurgitation grading was poor (kappa, 0.13 to 0.42). ConclusionIn patients with BAV, aortic flow quantification by 4D flow cardiac MRI is the most accurate at the annulus for the forward volume, and at the sinotubular junction or directly in the jet for the regurgitant volume.

3D reconstruction and volume measurement of irregular objects based on RGB-D camera

Abstract To address the challenge of measuring volumes of irregular objects, this paper proposes a volume measurement method based on 3D point cloud reconstruction. The point clouds of the object with multiple angles are obtained from an RGB-D camera mounted on a robotic arm, and then are reconstructed to form a whole complete point cloud to calculate the volume of the object. Firstly, the robotic arm is controlled to move to four angles for capturing the original point clouds of the target. Then, by using the rotation and translation matrices obtained from the calibration block pre-registration, the point clouds data from the four angles are fused and reconstructed. Subsequently, the issue of missing bottom point cloud data is addressed using a bottom-filling algorithm. Following this, the efficiency of the point cloud volume calculation algorithm is enhanced through the application of AABB filtering. Finally, the reconstructed point cloud volume is calculated using a slicing algorithm that integrates 2D point cloud segmentation and point cloud sorting. Experimental results show that this method achieves a volume measurement accuracy of over 95% for irregular objects and exhibits good robustness.

The practical use of artificial intelligence in Transfusion Medicine and Apheresis

BackgroundBlood and plasma volume calculations are a daily part of practice for many Transfusion Medicine and Apheresis practitioners. Though many formulas exist, each facility may have their own modifications to consider. ChatGPT (Generative Pre-trained Transformer) provides a new and exciting pathway for those with no programming experience to create personalized programs to meet the demands of daily practice. Additionally, this pathway creates computer programs that provide accurate and reproducible outputs. Herein, we aimed to create a step-by-step process for clinicians to create customized computer programs for use in everyday practice. MethodsWe created a process of inputs to ChatGPT-40, which generated computer programming code. This code was copied and pasted into Notepad (and saved as a Python file) and Google Colaboratory to verify functionality. We validated the durability of our process by repeating it over a 5-day timeframe and by recruiting volunteers to reproduce our outputs using the suggested process. ResultsComputer code generated by ChatGPT-40 in response to our common language inputs was accurate and durable over time. The code was fully functional in both Python and Colaboratory. Volunteers reproduced our process and outputs with minimal assistance. ConclusionWe analyzed the practical application of ChatGPT-40 and artificial intelligence (AI) to perform daily calculations encountered in Transfusion Medicine. Our results provide a proof of concept that people with no programming experience can create customizable solutions for their own facilities. Our future work will expand to the creation of comprehensive and customizable websites designed for each individual user.

Calculation of Intracranial Volume in Akkaraman and Kangal Akkaraman Sheep by Stereology and Computed Tomography

Calculation of Intracranial Volume in Akkaraman and Kangal Akkaraman Sheep by Stereology and Computed Tomography

Optimization Design of Redundant Parallel Posture Adjustment Mechanism for Solar Wing Docking Based on Response Surface Methodology

The parallel mechanism exhibits high stiffness and excellent dynamic response, making it ideal for high-precision applications. In our early work, a novel 6-DOF redundant parallel posture mechanism with four limbs for solar wing docking has been proposed; each limb consists of three links and four joints. This paper primarily focuses on optimization design of the mechanism. The calculation of workspace volume reveals that factors influencing the range of posture adjustment include dynamic platform parameters, static platform parameters, the drive trajectory of each kinematic pair, and the angles between each kinematic pair. A sensitivity analysis was conducted to examine the impact of each parameter on the range of posture adjustment. To reduce computational complexity and improve analysis efficiency, a combined approach of single-factor analysis and response surface methodology (RSM) is used in the paper. Single-factor analysis is utilized to evaluate the effect of each parameter on the posture adjustment range. Based on these results, RSM is used to establish a regression model for parameters; thereby, the optimal parameter combination for the mechanism is determined. The regression coefficient R2 = 0.9374 attests to the validity of the proposed model. Finally, a comparison of the posture adjustment range before and after optimization is presented, providing a foundation for the practical application of the redundant parallel mechanism. This paper introduces a novel structural design concept aimed at resolving the conflict between heavy loads and compact sizes in redundant parallel mechanisms while providing valuable insights for miniaturized design.

Automated endometrial identification and volume calculation in normal uteri using a novel smart ERA technique

To evaluate the repeatability of a novel automated technique called Smart ERA (Smart Endometrial Receptivity Analysis) for the automated segmentation and volume calculation of the endometrium in patients with normal uteri,, and to compare the agreement of endometrial volume measurements between Smart ERA, the semi-automated Virtual Organ Computer-aided Analysis (VOCAL) technique and manual segmentation. This retrospective study evaluated endometrial volume measurement in infertile patients who underwent frozen-thawed embryo transfer (FET). Transvaginal three-dimensional ultrasound scans were performed using a Resona R9 ultrasound machine. Data was collected from patients between 2021 and 2022. Patients with normal uteri and optimal ultrasound images were included. Endometrial volumes were measured using Smart ERA, VOCAL at 15° rotation, and manual segmentation. Intra-observer repeatability and agreement between techniques were assessed using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and Bland–Altman analysis. A total of 407 female patients were evaluated (mean age 33.2 ± 4.7 years). The repeatability of Smart ERA showed an ICC of 0.983 (95% CI 0.984–0.991). The agreement between Smart ERA and the manual method, Smart ERA and VOCAL, and VOCAL and the manual method, as assessed by ICC, were 0.986 (95% CI 0.977–0.990), 0.943 (95% CI 0.934–0.963), and 0.951 (95% CI 0.918–0.969), respectively. The Smart ERA technique required approximately 3 s for endometrial volume calculation, while VOCAL took around 5 min and the manual segmentation method took approximately 50 min. The Smart-ERA software, which employs a novel three-dimensional segmentation algorithm, demonstrated excellent intra-observer repeatability and high agreement with both VOCAL and manual segmentation for endometrial volume measurement in women with normal uteri. However, these findings should be interpreted with caution, as the algorithm's performance may not be generalizable to populations with different uterine characteristic. Additionally, Smart ERA required significantly less time compared to VOCAL and manual segmentation.

Study on the design of gas extraction drilling angle of crossing coal layer drilling in the floor rock roadway considering the boreholes superposition effect

To solve the problem of the borehole design for extracting gas of crossing coal layer drilling in the floor rock roadway and to improve the efficiency of drilling arrangement as much as possible under the premise of eliminating the gap zone of extraction, the formula for calculating the optimal arrangement angle of crossing coal layer drilling in the floor rock roadway was put forward, and the difference of the superposition effect of the holes on the radius of the effective extraction area under the different arrangement modes and spacings was analyzed through numerical simulation. The experimental results show that the optimal angle, volume, and other calculation formulas for drilling arrangement are consistent with the CAD calculation values, verifying the correctness of these calculation formulas. The study discusses the coefficients of variation of effective extraction radius (R) for three types of arrangement, different drill spacing, and the time to reach the two coefficients of variation, 1.05 and 1.03, as a criterion for whether or not to consider the effect of borehole superposition. The results of the tests can provide borehole designers with calculation formulas and provide theoretical references for the R differences that need to be considered in different scenarios.

249.6: Innovation in liver transplantation: Volume calculation using reality capture hardware via LIDAR 3D technology.

249.6: Innovation in liver transplantation: Volume calculation using reality capture hardware via LIDAR 3D technology.

Pre- and postoperative intracranial volumes in children with non-syndromic craniosynostosis using 3D volumetric technique

Introduction: Corrective surgery for craniosynostosis presents several challenges to students during their training, with obtaining practical experience being one of the main obstacles. The neurocranium is formed by the bony structures that surround the brain, thus ensuring its protection. During the first years of life, the baby's skull grows exponentially. Understanding the normal growth and development of the cranial shape is essential for monitoring cranial development, detecting abnormalities, and evaluating the long-term results of craniosynostosis surgery. Objectives: To study the cranial volume gained after surgical treatment of craniosynostosis using 3D printing technology. Methodology: 26 patients who underwent craniosynostosis surgery, from 2019 to 2022 were selected. Preoperative, immediate, and late postoperative (3 months) tomography examination was performed. Reconstructing the exams using the Blender program with cranial volume calculation. 3D printing of skulls using Sethi 3D printer. Evaluation of results using Student's t-test with independent samples. Results: The study involved 26 patients, with ten presenting scaphocephaly treated with Renier's "H" cranial remodeling, five with trigonocephaly, five with plagiocephaly, and two with brachycephaly treated with front-orbital advancement (FOA). Cranial volumes were measured before and after surgery. For patients undergoing Renier's "H" treatment, there was an average increase of 224 cm³ between the late postoperative and preoperative stages, with smaller differences between the immediate postoperative and preoperative stages. For those treated with FOA, the average difference between late postoperative and preoperative stages was 138.8 cm³, while between immediate postoperative and preoperative stages was 129.7 cm³. Conclusion: Cranial volume gained by patients undergoing Renier's h technique and Fronto-orbital advancement is significant, showing that it may be possible to use less invasive techniques to take advantage of patients' natural volumetric gain.

Automated Photogrammetric Tool for Landslide Recognition and Volume Calculation Using Time-Lapse Imagery

Digital photogrammetry has attracted widespread attention in the field of geotechnical and geological surveys due to its low-cost, ease of use, and contactless mode. In this work, with the purpose of studying the progressive block surficial detachments of a landslide, we developed a monitoring system based on fixed multi-view time-lapse cameras. Thanks to a newly developed photogrammetric algorithm based on the comparison of photo sequences through a structural similarity metric and the computation of the disparity map of two convergent views, we can quickly detect the occurrence of collapse events, determine their location, and calculate the collapse volume. With the field data obtained at the Perarolo landslide site (Belluno Province, Italy), we conducted preliminary tests of the effectiveness of the algorithm and its accuracy in the volume calculation. The method of quickly and automatically obtaining the collapse information proposed in this paper can extend the potential of landslide monitoring systems based on videos or photo sequence and it will be of great significance for further research on the link between the frequency of collapse events and the driving factors.

Development of a method for assessing the level of digital competencies of higher education teachers based on the calculation of the multidimensional polytope volume

The object of the study is the method for assessing the level of digital competencies of higher education teachers. Teachers with a high level of digital competencies can create more interactive, interesting and more effective learning materials, which has a positive impact on education quality. The ability to ensure the continuity and quality of the educational process in remote conditions is relevant. To improve the qualification level of teachers, it is necessary to form a measuring system of indicators. A method for calculating the potential for changing the digital competency level was developed and trajectories of forming digital competencies of higher education teachers based on the project-vector methodology were formed. The method was implemented and verified as part of the state project in the Republic of Kazakhstan with the participation of the Higher Education Development National Center and Astana IT University. Testing of 62 teachers of Astana IT University, Karaganda Buketov University and Toraighyrov University was taken as a basis. The analysis involved measuring the achievement of their competency level in four categories: didactic, design, monitoring, and personal. The results obtained allow a systematic approach to the process of assessing and forming the competencies of higher education teachers. The result obtained is due to integrating the project-vector management methodology into the process of digital competency assessment. The value of the method is the possibility of using it both personally by teachers to track the level of competency achievement, and by the management of higher educational institutions for motivation and when signing contracts. In the future, the results of the pilot project are planned to be distributed to other higher education institutions in the Republic of Kazakhstan. And then extend its results to higher education institutions in Central Asia and Eastern Europe

Droplet volume prediction methods in electrohydrodynamic jet printing based on multi-source data fusion

Electrohydrodynamic jet printing technology has garnered significant interest in additive manufacturing due to its advantages in higher resolution printing and greater viscosity material applicability. Nonetheless, the challenges associated with femtoliter-level droplets and the micrometer-scale printing space have rendered traditional optical observation methods for volume calculation impractical for integration into the printing systems. Obtaining the droplet volume accurately has become a formidable challenge in electrohydrodynamic printing. While existing research utilizes machine learning for the end-to-end prediction of process parameters to droplet volume, traditional prediction methods cannot achieve online prediction due to the complex spray states characteristic of electrohydrodynamic jet printing and pose integration difficulties within printing systems. This paper introduces a multi-source data fusion model suitable for electrohydrodynamic printing droplet volume prediction. The model employs the VGG network to extract features from Taylor cone images in the jetting state and synchronously fuse these with process parameter features. The fused features are then correlated with droplet volume labels through the MLP network for comprehensive model training. The performance of the proposed model has improved by 10% in prediction accuracy compared to single modal data. We integrated the prediction method into an electrohydrodynamic jet printing system and experimented with printing pixel-pit substrates. The results indicate that the prediction accuracy of the volume prediction system is over 92%. The printing efficiency has improved approximately 3 times compared to the traditional method, significantly enhancing overall performance.

Multifaceted approach to successful management of pediatric acute liver failure: High-volume plasma exchange as a pivotal intervention

Abstract: Pediatric acute liver failure (pALF) poses a formidable clinical challenge characterized by rapid hepatocyte necrosis and pro-inflammatory events. The urgency of pALF necessitates advanced therapeutic modalities, prompting the exploration of high-volume plasma exchange (HVPE) as a sophisticated intervention. This case report delves into the intricate management of a 16-year-old female with hyperacute liver failure secondary to hepatitis A, highlighting the critical need for nuanced and multidisciplinary approaches. The case unfolds through a detailed description of symptoms, clinical decision-making, and the therapeutic journey. The management includes a calculated deferral of liver transplantation in favor of HVPE, with a focus on the rationale for choosing HVPE over continuous renal replacement therapy. Technical aspects of the procedure, such as blood volume calculations and procedural details, are meticulously outlined. Laboratory investigations track the patient’s progress, showcasing the profound impact of HVPE on clinical and laboratory recovery. The patient’s response to HVPE is evident in the comprehensive clinical and laboratory recovery observed after the intervention. The resolution of encephalopathy, successful extubation, and eventual discharge highlight the positive outcomes achieved through the judicious application of HVPE. However, the procedure is not without challenges, as the emergence of hypertension during the second and third cycles and a lone episode of seizure require swift and careful management. The management of pALF demands a sophisticated and multidimensional approach, especially when liver transplantation is not immediately feasible. This case report underscores the nuanced decision-making involved in selecting extracorporeal therapies, with a focus on the successful application of HVPE. HVPE, as recommended by the American Society for Apheresis, emerges as a promising intervention in the context of pALF, offering a viable option when liver transplantation is deferred due to advanced encephalopathy. The favorable outcomes and considerations of cost-effectiveness and procedural simplicity further accentuate the potential of HVPE as a cornerstone in the critical care of pediatric patients with acute liver failure.