Volterra-Fredholm Integral Equations Research Articles

Numerical solution for stochastic Volterra-Fredholm integral equations with delay arguments

We present a method for computing the stochastic operational matrix of integration to advance the study of stochastic Volterra-Fredholm integral equations (SVFIEs) based on delay arguments. First, the method evaluates the combined effects of the delay and its parameters on the accuracy improvement of the convergence rate. Our results can be applied to SVFIEs, with the operational delay matrices of the block pulse function simplified to algebraic ones. Numerical calculations were performed on a PC using Python 3 programs. Results also demonstrate the accuracy of approximate solutions; arithmetic operations are carried out without the need for derivation or integration.

Numerical solutions to one dimensional linear Volterra–Fredholm integral equations based on LS-SVM model

This paper introduces a novel numerical approach using least squares support vector machine (LS-SVM) to handle one dimensional linear Volterra–Fredholm integral equations. This method can also handle weak singular kernel Fredholm/Volterra integral equations and linear systems of Volterra–Fredholm integral equations. By minimizing errors and utilizing least squares support vector machines, the approach derives continuous closed-form solutions to the origin problem. Ultimately, the method offers an efficient numerical approximation for solving Volterra–Fredholm integral equations through the resolution of linear equations. The paper includes multiple numerical examples that demonstrate the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed method.

An accelerated iterative technique for solving mixed Fredholm-Volterra integral equations

In this paper, we propose an accelerated numerical technique for solving mixed Fredholm-Volterra integral equations (MFVIEs). The MFVIE is solved using the two-grid iterative technique, which uses a small system of equations to reach higher accuracy. The convergence analysis showed that using this technique reduces computational costs by 85% compared with the direct method. We introduce an algorithm to implement this method and numerical simulations are presented to verify the accuracy rate of the theoretical analysis.

Boundary Value Problem of Nonlinear Fractional Differential Equations of Mixed Volterra-Fredohlm Integral Equations in Banach Space

This paper is dedicated to study the existence and uniqueness of solutions for a boundary value problem of nonlinear fractional differential equations of mixed Volterra-Fredohlm integral equations in Banach space, the recent researches considered the study of differential equations of mixed Volterra-Fredholm integral equations with classical order and the study of existence and uniqueness of solutions using approched numerical methodes, the objective of this paper is the study of the existence and uniqueness of fractional order of differential equations with mixed Volterra-Fredholm integral equations using fixed point theory. This work have two important results, the first result was the discussion of the existence of solutions using the Krasnoselskii fixed point theorem after transforming the problem into integral equation firstly then into operator problem suitable for the fixed point theory. The second result will be the existence and uniqueness of solution, this result was obtained by the use of Banach fixed point theorem after the same transformation used in the first one. This work give as conclusion that the boundary value problem of nonlinear fractional differential equations of mixed Volterra-Fredholm integral equation has a unique solution in Banach space. Finally, this work was ended with an example to illustrate the results obtained.

Chebyshev polynomials to Volterra-Fredholm integral equations of the first kind

Numerous methods have been studied and discussed for solving ill-posed Volterra integral equations and ill-posed Fredholm integral equations, but rarely for both simultaneously. In this study, we focus on numerically solving the ill-posed Volterra-Fredholm integral equation of the first kind by replacing it with its perturbed counterpart. We employ Chebyshev polynomials of the first kind to solve the perturbed equation. Our findings suggest that this technical approach is superior to the regularization method of Tikhonov. It is simpler, less cumbersome, and this simplicity is demonstrated through various examples.

Numerical Simulation of Initial Value Problem of Integro-differential Equation Models

In this article, the Volterra-Fredholm integral equation (V-FIE) is derived from an initial value problem of kind integro-differential equation (IVP). We discuss the existence and uniqueness of the solution to the problem in Hilbert space. A numerical method is used to reduce this type of equation to System of Fredholm integral equations of the second kind(SFIEs). In light of this, the clustering method and the Galerkin method to solve the system of second-order Fredholm integral equations(SFIEs) and calculate the error in each case. Finally, the approximate and exact solutions are plotted on the same coordinate plane Using MATLAB code (2022).

Improved composite methods using radial basis functions for solving nonlinear Volterra-Fredholm integral equations

Improved composite methods using radial basis functions for solving nonlinear Volterra-Fredholm integral equations

Analysis of mixed type nonlinear Volterra–Fredholm integral equations involving the Erdélyi–Kober fractional operator

This paper investigates the existence, uniqueness and stability of solutions to the nonlinear Volterra–Fredholm integral equations (NVFIE) involving the Erdélyi–Kober (E–K) fractional integral operator. We use the Leray–Schauder alternative and Banach’s fixed point theorem to examine the existence and uniqueness of solutions, and we also explore Hyers–Ulam (H–U) and Hyers–Ulam–Rassias (H–U–R) stability in the space C([0,β],R). Furthermore, three solution sets Uσ,λ, Uθ,1 and U1,1 are constructed for σ>0, λ>0, and θ∈(0,1), and then we obtain local stability of the solutions with some ideal conditions and by using Schauder fixed point theorem on these three sets, respectively. Also, to achieve the goal, we choose the parameters for the NVFIE as δ∈(12,1), ρ∈(0,1), γ>0. Three examples are provided to clarify the results.

An Algorithm for the Solution of Nonlinear Volterra–Fredholm Integral Equations with a Singular Kernel

An Algorithm for the Solution of Nonlinear Volterra–Fredholm Integral Equations with a Singular Kernel

Numerical Solution of Stochastic Mixed Volterra–Fredholm Integral Equations Driven by Space-Time Brownian Motion via Two-Dimensional Triangular Functions

Numerical Solution of Stochastic Mixed Volterra–Fredholm Integral Equations Driven by Space-Time Brownian Motion via Two-Dimensional Triangular Functions

Existence and uniqueness of blow-up solution to a fully fractional thermostat model

In this article, we deal with a fully fractional thermostat model in the settings of the Riemann–Liouville fractional derivatives. The equivalences between the fractional differential equations and the corresponding Volterra–Fredholm integral equations are rigorously derived. By choosing an appropriate weighted Banach space of continuous functions, we employ two standard fixed-point theorems, Leray–Schauder alternative and Banach contraction principle, to establish the existence of blow-up solutions — the unbounded mathematical solutions in the operational interval. Furthermore, an implicit numerical scheme based on the right product rectangle rule is presented, which provides the numerical approximation of the obtained solution. Some examples are provided to validate our theoretical findings, along with numerical simulations of the solutions.

Spectral technique with convergence analysis for solving one and two-dimensional mixed Volterra-Fredholm integral equation.

A numerical approach based on shifted Jacobi-Gauss collocation method for solving mixed Volterra-Fredholm integral equations is introduced. The novel technique with shifted Jacobi-Gauss nodes is applied to reduce the mixed Volterra-Fredholm integral equations to a system of algebraic equations that has an easy solved. The present algorithm is extended to solve the one and two-dimensional mixed Volterra-Fredholm integral equations. Convergence analysis for the present method is discussed and confirmed the exponential convergence of the spectral algorithm. Various numerical examples are approached to demonstrate the powerful and accuracy of the technique.

New Numerical Results on Existence of Volterra–Fredholm Integral Equation of Nonlinear Boundary Integro-Differential Type

Symmetry is presented in many works involving differential and integral equations. Whenever a human is involved in the design of an integral equation, they naturally tend to opt for symmetric features. The most common examples are the Green functions and linguistic kernels that are often designed symmetrically and regularly distributed over the universe of discourse. In the current study, the authors report a study on boundary value problem (BVP) for a nonlinear integro Volterra–Fredholm integral equation with variable coefficients and show the existence of solution by applying some fixed-point theorems. The authors employ various numerical common approaches as the homotopy analysis methodology established by Liao and the modified Adomain decomposition technique to produce a numerical approximate solution, then graphical depiction reveals that both methods are most effective and convenient. In this regard, the authors address the requirements that ensure the existence and uniqueness of the solution for various variations of nonlinearity power. The authors also show numerical examples of how to apply our primary theorems and test the convergence and validity of our suggested approach.

Solving Volterra-Fredholm integral equations by natural cubic spline function

Using the natural cubic spline function, this paper finds the numerical solution of Volterra-Fredholm integral equations of the second kind. The proposed method is based on employing the natural cubic spline function of the unknown function at an arbitrary point and using the integration method to turn the VolterraFredholm integral equation into a system of linear equations concerning to the unknown function. An approximate solution can be easily established by solving the given system. This is accomplished with the help of a computer program that runs on Python 3.9.

Convergence Analysis for Generalized Yosida Inclusion Problem with Applications

A new generalized Yosida inclusion problem, involving A-relaxed co-accretive mapping, is introduced. The resolvent and associated generalized Yosida approximation operator is construed and a few of its characteristics are discussed. The existence result is quantified in q-uniformly smooth Banach spaces. A four-step iterative scheme is proposed and its convergence analysis is discussed. Our theoretical assertions are illustrated by a numerical example. In addition, we confirm that the developed method is almost stable for contractions. Further, an equivalent generalized resolvent equation problem is established. Finally, by utilizing the Yosida inclusion problem, we investigate a resolvent equation problem and by employing our proposed method, a Volterra–Fredholm integral equation is examined.

Approximate solutions to several classes of Volterra and Fredholm integral equations using the neural network algorithm based on the sine-cosine basis function and extreme learning machine.

In this study, we investigate a new neural network method to solve Volterra and Fredholm integral equations based on the sine-cosine basis function and extreme learning machine (ELM) algorithm. Considering the ELM algorithm, sine-cosine basis functions, and several classes of integral equations, the improved model is designed. The novel neural network model consists of an input layer, a hidden layer, and an output layer, in which the hidden layer is eliminated by utilizing the sine-cosine basis function. Meanwhile, by using the characteristics of the ELM algorithm that the hidden layer biases and the input weights of the input and hidden layers are fully automatically implemented without iterative tuning, we can greatly reduce the model complexity and improve the calculation speed. Furthermore, the problem of finding network parameters is converted into solving a set of linear equations. One advantage of this method is that not only we can obtain good numerical solutions for the first- and second-kind Volterra integral equations but also we can obtain acceptable solutions for the first- and second-kind Fredholm integral equations and Volterra-Fredholm integral equations. Another advantage is that the improved algorithm provides the approximate solution of several kinds of linear integral equations in closed form (i.e., continuous and differentiable). Thus, we can obtain the solution at any point. Several numerical experiments are performed to solve various types of integral equations for illustrating the reliability and efficiency of the proposed method. Experimental results verify that the proposed method can achieve a very high accuracy and strong generalization ability.

Collocation method for solving two-dimensional nonlinear Volterra–Fredholm integral equations with convergence analysis

This paper presents a method for solving the two-dimensional nonlinear Volterra–Fredholm integral equation. The main idea of the method is to use the Lagrange interpolation function to approximate the unknown solution and the Legendre–Gauss quadrature formula to approximate the integral. The advantage of the method is that it requires relatively few collocation points to obtain a relatively small error and does not require the calculation of integrals. Under certain sufficient conditions, the existence and uniqueness of the original equation are given. In addition, the existence and uniqueness of the solutions of the discrete equations are given using the theory of compact operators. The convergence analysis and error estimates of the method are also derived. Finally, several numerical examples are used to demonstrate its efficiency and accuracy.

A Computational Technique for Solving Three-Dimensional Mixed Volterra–Fredholm Integral Equations

In this article, a novel and efficient approach based on Lucas polynomials is introduced for solving three-dimensional mixed Volterra–Fredholm integral equations for the two types (3D-MVFIEK2). This method transforms the 3D-MVFIEK2 into a system of linear algebraic equations. The error evaluation for the suggested scheme is discussed. This technique is implemented in four examples to illustrate the efficiency and fulfillment of the approach. Examples of numerical solutions to both linear and nonlinear integral equations were used. The Lucas polynomial method and other approaches were contrasted. A collection of tables and figures is used to present the numerical results. We observe that the exact solution differs from the numerical solution if the exact solution is an exponential or trigonometric function, while the numerical solution is the same when the exact solution is a polynomial. The Maple 18 program produced all of the results.

APPLICATION OF BERNOULLI WAVELET METHOD FOR NUMERICAL SOLUTION OF FUZZY LINEAR VOLTERRA-FREDHOLM INTEGRAL EQUATIONS

This work, Bernoulli wavelet method is formed to solve nonlinear fuzzy Volterra-Fredholm integral equations. Bernoulli wavelets have been created by dilation and translation of Bernoulli polynomials. First we introduce properties of Bernoulli wavelets and Bernoulli polynomials, and then we used it to transform the integral equations to the system of algebraic equations. We compared the result of the proposed method with the exact solution to show the convergence and advantages of the new method. The results got by present wavelet method are compared with that of by collocation method based on radial basis functions method. Finally, the numerical examples explain the accuracy of this method.

On the Dirichlet BVP of fractional diffusion advection reaction equation in bounded interval: Structure of solution, integral equation and approximation

We revisit a Dirichlet boundary value problem that involves a fractional diffusion, advection, and reaction differential equation in a one-dimensional bounded domain. By utilizing a variational formulation, we establish the existence of a weak solution to this problem. A procedure that involves raising regularity is employed to transform the variational formulation solution into the classical one. Furthermore, we demonstrate that such a solution has a closed-form expression, which is decomposable into two components: a completely known non-smooth part and a smooth part expressed as an integral of an unknown function. Availability of this decomposition allows for the development of a numerical approximation of the solution indirectly via an approximation of the aforementioned unknown function. This function satisfies a type of Volterra–Fredholm integral equation. We propose a two-step finite element method that transforms the integral equation into solving two decoupled Volterra integral equations of the second kind. Once this is in place, an approximate solution to the boundary value problem is gathered from the previously mentioned closed-form. The performance of the proposed method is substantiated by a convergence analysis and a set of numerical experiments.