Voltaic Cell Research Articles

Evaluation of an Inquiry-Based Virtual Lab for Junior High School Science Classes

The study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of an inquiry-based virtual reality (VR) science lab used in junior high school science classes. The Scientific Investigation VR Lab (SIVRLAB) is designed for 9th-grade students to learn about electrochemical cells. It is situated in a guided problem-solving context, where learners need to review the concept of oxidation-reduction reactions and assemble a voltaic cell to save a robot. The SIVRLAB features several cognitive supports and guides for students to plan and record experiments and resolve the problem. It has both a head-mounted display (HMD) version and a desktop VR version. The study recruited 66 9th graders from three classes to evaluate the two versions of the SIVRLAB. The students were assigned to one of three conditions, namely, (1) using immersive HMD SIVRLAB individually, (2) using desktop SIVRLAB individually, and (3) observing one student use immersive HMD SIVRLAB. The students were briefly introduced to the concept of electrochemical cells in the first class and were instructed to use the SIVRLAB sessions in the next class. The results from knowledge pre- and post-tests, a user experience survey, and students’ reflections were collected and analyzed qualitatively. The findings revealed that students who used the desktop VR obtained the highest test scores among the three groups. However, in the follow-up physical laboratory test, the performance of the students in the original HMD VR experimental group was better than those in the desktop VR experimental group. The paper also discusses student feedback and teacher observations regarding the design and interaction with immersive VR. Lastly, the implications of the study and recommendations for future studies are presented.

Biogeochemical Control on the Mobilization of Cd in Soil

Cadmium (Cd) is a toxic element that can easily enter the human body through the food chain. Rice grain is the main contributor to dietary Cd intake, especially for those populations who consume rice as the staple. Therefore, reducing Cd accumulation in rice is of significance for food safety and human health. In this review, we summarized the major factors underlying the biogeochemical processes controlling Cd availability in soils. Soil pH is one of the most important factors affecting soil Cd availability. An increase in soil pH can dramatically decrease soil Cd solubility; thus, liming is often found to be an effective and economical method in acidic contaminated soils to reduce grain Cd accumulation. The voltaic effect between Cd-sulfide and other metal sulfides formed during soil flooding regulates the remobilization of Cd during soil drainage. Therefore, addition of small amounts of ZnSO4 or MnSO4 to soils can form a protective voltaic cell partner against the oxidative dissolution of Cd sulfides, thereby decreasing Cd remobilization during soil drainage and Cd accumulation in rice grain. The voltaic effect is expected to be more important than their direct competition between Zn2+ and Cd2+. Besides, water management practices markedly affect soil Cd availability by altering the redox status of soils; continuous flooding and delaying drainage of paddy soils during the grain filling period can effectively reduce grain Cd accumulation. These effective biogeochemical strategies can be used singly or combinedly to reduce soil Cd availability and subsequent Cd uptake/accumulation in rice to ensure food safety.

Designing Chemistry Learning Media to Train Ecopreneurship

The purpose of this research is to get the draft chemistry learning media design developed to support ecopreneurship. Ecopreneurship at FMIPA UNESA is broken down into eco-innovation (new ideas), eco opportunities, and eco commitment. Design of this research is giving the assignment to research objectives. The model development research with stages, SMK learning in class, students doing assignments, arrange learning media design, assessing game design, and data analysis. The assignment is compiling a plan for developing instructional media that can be applied in chemistry learning in SMK. That assignment was assessed by 3 experts and the score was averaged. The assessment has been fulfilled if all media plans have met the fulfillment criteria. The innovation of chemistry media was also assessed and has met the innovation when obtaining an average of at least 4 with a maximum scale of 5. This research was conducted at the Department of Chemistry FMIPA UNESA in the odd semester of the academic year 2019/2020. the results showed 4 vocational chemistry learning media designs, (1) VCO-Making KIT, (2) Voltaic Cell KIT, (3) Acid-base Mini Lab, and (4) Red and Ox Games. All of that has fulfilled the contents and construct besides that the student has a new idea.

An experimental study of generating electricity from urban tropical forest plants

Coal is a fossil energy source that is still dominant in the generation of world electricity. The use of this energy source causes environmental damages and pollutions. Coal mining causes irreparable damage to land, water, and natural resources around the mine. Exhaust gas emissions from energy generation with coal fuel contribute 44% of total global emissions. Alternative energy sources that can be renewable, sustainable, and environmentally friendly (green) need to be developed to reduce and stop environmental pollution. This research was conducted to explore alternative energy sources that are green, namely the source of electrical energy from living plants. Research on the generation of electrical energy from living plants has been widely carried out and gives satisfying results. In this study, the living plants studied were urban tropical forest plants so that the electricity generated could be used for lighting or sources of charging batteries for electronic devices or electric vehicles. The generation of electrical energy is carried out on each tree by using different electrodes combinations that work according to the principle of the Voltaic cell. The results showed that the combination of the gold-zinc electrode (Au-Zn) produced the highest voltage of 750mV in the sengon tree. The electric voltage generated in each tree species varies according to the combination of the electrodes used and the distance between the two electrodes. Experiments carried out on seven tree species and three combinations of electrodes produced an average electric voltage of 325.6mV. This voltage can be used to charge a 5V battery by connecting 20 cells serially.

The Voltaic Effect as a Novel Mechanism Controlling the Remobilization of Cadmium in Paddy Soils during Drainage.

Excessive cadmium (Cd) accumulation in rice grain is a global issue that affects human health. The drainage of paddy soils during the grain filling period leads to the remobilization of Cd in soils, resulting in most of the Cd accumulated in rice grain. The rate of Cd remobilization during drainage differs markedly among soils, but the mechanisms underlying these differences remain largely unknown. Using microcosm soil incubation, electrochemical experiments, isotope labeling, and microscopic and spectroscopic analyses, here, we discover the voltaic effect as a novel mechanism controlling the remobilization of Cd during soil drainage. During soil flooding, microbial sulfate reduction results in the formation of various metal sulfides. When the soils are subsequently drained, the various metal sulfides can form within sulfide voltaic cells. The metal sulfides with a lower electrochemical potential act as anodes and are prone to oxidative dissolution, whereas the metal sulfides with a higher potential act as cathodes and are protected from oxidation. This voltaic effect explains why the presence of ZnS (with a low potential) suppresses the oxidative dissolution of Cd sulfides, whereas the presence of CuS (with a high potential) promotes the oxidative dissolution of Cd sulfides. The voltaic effect is applicable to all chalcophile trace metals coupled with the sulfur redox cycle in periodically anoxic-oxic environments, thus playing an important role in the biogeochemistry of trace metals.

Career Selective Si Solar Cells: Modelling and Performance Metrics Evaluation

Silicon (Si) junctionless solar Photo Voltaic Cells (PVCs) with semiconducting carrier selective blocking layer can modify output efficiency of solar cell. In this research work, we have proposed use of both electron–hole selective layer in Si solar cell with SILVACO simulation. This paper simulates and evaluates two possible electron-selective oxides (TiO2 and ZnO) and two possible hole-selective oxides (CuAlO2 and NiO). The results in terms of solar performance metric is compared and further TiO2 and NiO as carrier selective layers are proposed. The simulation results suggest the fermi level pinning on the device as a reason for increase in output efficiency. This research work comprehends a considerable understanding to band-engineer selective contact semiconducting oxide Si junctionless solar cell device. The performance parameters with Jsc = 10.08 mA/cm2, Voc = 2.69 V, fill factor (FF) = 99.8% and conversion efficiency of 27.09% (1 sun) are obtained under AM1.5G illumination.

Analysis of Cooling Approach with Cost Effectiveness for Free-Standing Photovoltaic Panel: A Comprehensive Review

With the advent of high pace technology in Industry 4.0 era the deficit between energy demand and supply has increased exponentially. Owing to the transformative potential of solar Photo Voltaic Cell (PVC) it is considered to be the most feasible solution to address growing demand of energy. One of the main impediments faced by the solar PVC market is the performance drop owing to high module operating temperatures. The cooling technique that befits PV panels results not only in reduction in performance degradation but also increases the lifetime of panels. Myriad research work in past is reported on cooling of PV panels. However, the need of in-depth analysis and systematic research still persists on this topic. This study, presents a state-of-the-art review on various cooling strategies, together with the analysis of cost-effective methods for cooling performance enhancement. The review and analysis of this research study will be beneficial for researchers working in this direction.

Solar based wireless on road charging station for electric vehicles

Electric vehicle (EV) emerging as an upcoming technology in both the sector of transportation and power. There are more benefits in terms of economic and environmental conditions. The most important factor in Electric Vehicle is charging station, which reduces a green gas effect and environment pollution. This electric charging station is also known as Electric Vehicle Supply Equipment (EVSE). It consists of both the high power and low power. The high power is terminated at a fraction of second charging that can be implement in the Electric vehicle rather than the low power so, if we construct an on-road charging with the help of solar panel it will be very useful to charge at any point of time and with the help of connected batteries we can drive in off road. Remote force move technique is fused in moving the sunlight-based force from the Photo Voltaic (PV) cell to the battery utilized in the electric vehicle. Sun oriented boards are considered to assemble an independent force station, along these lines limiting its reliance on ordinary energy assets. The sun-oriented boards create electrical energy by the utilization of the light energy produced by the sun. The energy acquired from the board is taken care of to a battery, through a sunlight-based charge regulator which augments the force yield from the PV cell. The communicating coil with the receiving coil are connected wirelessly and thus the DC current is injected to the battery. Once the battery is full it automatically turned off from solar power. Thus, it results in sustainable transportation and use of Electric batteries. The charging stations are outlined and the impact of electric vehicle are also discussed.

Multiobjective Optimization of Photo Voltaic Battery System Sizing for Grid-Connected Residential Prosumers Under Time-of-Use Tariff Structures

The integration of photovoltaic and battery energy storage systems into utility grids is favorable for electricity customers, especially for high consumption load patterns due to the high electricity bill. To increase the annual bill savings and decrease the dependency on the utility grid, a procedure of optimally sizing the PV battery system is presented in this paper. A MATLAB-based code of the genetic algorithm is used to maximize the system self-sufficiency and minimize the discounted payback period while guaranteeing the system profitability. The optimization technique is introduced under the time-of-use tariff structure for residential prosumers in two scenarios. The first introduces a sellback energy price equal to the off-peak energy price, and the second introduces a sellback energy price equal to the on-peak energy price. The economic and technical effects of this optimization are described and analyzed. The effect of PV system capital cost, battery capital cost, and discount rate variations is evaluated by sensitivity analysis. The results indicate that for a sellback price equal to the off-peak price, a minimum discounted payback period can be achieved by installing the maximum PV system size without batteries, and it is reduced to half of its value for a sellback price equal to the on-peak price at the same PV system capacity. For a sellback price equal to the off-peak price, the minimum DPBP of 5.8 years can be achieved by installing a 20 kWp PV system without batteries with 47% self-sufficiency and 2.4 years for a sellback price equal to the on-peak price by installing the same system capacity. The proposed approach highlights that increasing the battery size leads to high self-sufficiency without a considerable decrease in the annual bill savings that encourage customers to invest in the PV battery system.

Elegant method to improve the efficiency of remotely located solar panels using IoT

For a clean energy source, renewable energy plays a vital role. Biomass, wind energy and solar energy used to power up the cities and large scale industries. It shows there is a gap between the generation of power and usage. Solar panel based energy generation system is familiar in many countries over a year. The adjustment of photo voltaic cell to the inclination angle of the sun is a major crisis. The sun sets an angular movement throughout the day. From dawn to set, we calculate the position of the sun. So that automatic panel adjustment can be made to increase the efficiency of the panel on generations. Another factor to note is the efficiency of the panel depends on the deposition of dust particles. The performance of the panel can improve with automatic cleaning. Internet of things devices that can sense the dust deposition on the panel and it is cleans them in a semi- automated system. With the electrostatic precipitator methodology the solar cells are isolated. The power deployment found in many countries and globally enormous demand for energy arise in this era. With the smart meter installed wecan control the energy lost and miss handled. This paper describes about positioning of the panel and removal of dust particles and a smarter way to identify the energy lost.

Design and development of sail type wind turbine with solar panel

The main drivers of economic development of any society very often correlate with the access and use of energy. In fact, proper utilization of the resource requires technology. The industry needs green energy technology for sustainable development. Energy demands can be met by renewable energy sources, as fossil fuels getting depleted day by day. Solar, biomass, geothermal, wind and water energy can be used as the best alternate sources. Wind turbines are capable of extracting power form wind regardless of the direction of flow in both day and night. Solar photo voltaic cells can tap radiation from sun and can be converted in to electrical energy. Hybriding the systems has proved to be beneficial in terms of supplying load demand under varying weather conditions, which in turn make us to use these systems for power generation and overall costs for self-powered system may be reduced drastically, High reliability without backup power source combination is the advantage of this process. In this work also we would like to combine solar PVs and vertical axis wind turbines (VAWT) that can extract electrical energy. The advantages of vertical axis turbines has much better self- starting characters and better conversion efficiency at lower flaw speed. In this we used savonious type vertical axis turbine that produce higher torque and have lower cut in speed. This paper presents the urban Eco- Greenery hybrid wind- solar power generation by using VAWT turbine and solar tracking.

Photo Voltaic Powered Hover Board

In this technical world peoples are always seeking forsophistication which demands for innovative solution which could possibly alter their lifestyle that would cozy them at itsbest. Such an innovative product is the self-balancing scooter which is called as Segway rider in the technical world and ashover board in common, whose purpose is to transportindividually in a relaxed manner without letting them to strain their locomotive organs. The proposed system emphasizes theuse of renewable energy to recharge the battery, PV panel are employed along with perturbation and observation MPPT forcharging. The integration of photo voltaic cell with the hoverboard proves to be effective in both indoor and outdoor applications. The photonic energy of indoor artificial light sources are harvested by the PV modules, at the same time in outdoor it can be employed during day time where it cancapitalize the solar energy, perturbation and observation MPPTgives a simple solution for maximizing the performance in charging the hover board, in addition added features such as itcan charge automatically, it doesn’t demand a manual labour fordriving it or charging it periodically makes proposed system tofind its application in various situation when the person as adifficulty to walk or for the ones who are exhausted walking forlonger hours. Besides it also helpful for physically challengedand aged persons. Under testing the proposed system has ablecarry up to 100 kg of load in a smooth manner at a speed of 3km/hr. The proposed system will be fruitful for indoor application such as Super markets for carrying goods, Shopping Malls, Railway Stations, Airports, Large Industrial Plant and outdoor application such as Sub Station, Monumental places,Tourist Spots etc.

Pengembangan Digital Flipbook untuk Menfasilitasi Kebutuhan Belajar Multiple Representation pada Materi Sel Volta

The voltaic cell teaching materials used in high school are still in the form of textbooks that do not present multiple representations of chemistry, namely the macroscopic, submicroscopic, and symbolic levels. The three levels of chemical representation can be visualized using flipbook teaching materials so that students are expected to understand the voltaic cell material. Teaching materials are used to support the learning process. Current learning still uses conventional learning models that only focus on teachers. Constructivist-based active learning is needed because it involves students so that learning is more meaningful. One of the constructivist learning models is the guided inquiry learning model which includes observing, asking questions, compiling hypotheses, gathering information, testing hypotheses, and concluding. The purpose.of this development.is to.produce a proper guided inquiry-based flipbook teaching material. The flipbook teaching.materials were developed.using the Four-D model (define, .design, .develop,and.disseminate) but the disseminated stage was not carried out. Media and material validation was carried out by five chemistry lecturers. The legibility test was carried out by 50 high school alumni with a specialization in Science. The assessment uses a Likert scale accompanied by comments, suggestions from the validator, and audience. The data obtained from the analysis questionnaire to determine the feasibility level of the product using the percentage technique. The validation of the flipbook teaching materials development product in terms of material obtained an average score of 85.4%, validation in terms of media.obtained.an.average percentage of 85.5%, while the readability test results obtained.an.average.percentage of 87%. Based on the results.of material validation, media, and legibility tests, it can be concluded that the flipbook teaching materials guided inquiry-based voltaic cells are very suitable as a learning resource.

A Review And Implementation Of A Sun Position Tracker With A Twin-Axis Control

This paper presents operation of twin axis sun position system with solar array. The photo voltaic cell is an device which is employed to convert light energy into electricity by photo voltaic effect the facility is stored by using batteries. this is often one among mostly used renewable source of energy. it’s pollution free, causes no greenhouse gases, simple accessibility, convertibility to the electricity and maintenance free. Thanks to its advantages, the system with Light Emitting Diode used for street lighting purpose. A Sun Tracker with a Dual-Axis Control is used to manoeuvre upward or downward to trace the sunshine throughout the day. the automated tracking system is made to regulate the solar array to take care of perpendicular to the sun and to soak up maximum amount of sunshine. These trackers generate 40-45% of power. The working of sun tracking system depends on the sunshine dependent resistors. These resistors are used as sensors which resistance decreases with increase in candlepower. This technique is most reliable, efficient and straight forward in construction.

Characteristics of Chemistry Teaching Material Voltaic Cells on Students’ Creativity and Concept Mastery

This study aims to find the characteristics of chemistry teaching material used by 16 teachers on the concept of voltaic cells in vocational high schools. The characteristics of teaching material accommodate 21st-century learning which includes the accuracy of the contents, the accuracy of the scope, the updating of the material, the comprehensibility of the text, the use of the language, and the use of the illustrations. The research identifies student competency profiles that are indispensable in 21st-century learning, namely creativity and concept mastery. The subject of the research is teaching material used by 16 chemistry teachers in 16 vocational high schools with 95 students studied. Data were collected using observation sheets, product creativity questionnaires, and tests of students' concept mastery. The data obtained were analyzed using a quantitative descriptive method. The results show that the teaching materials used in learning had not used an approach that encouraged creativity and learning outcomes for students. This resulted in low creative-thinking ability at a rate of 27.03% and in low mastery concept showed from the mean of learning outcomes at a score of 22.4 from a maximum score of 100. The study concludes that the characteristics of chemistry teaching material voltaic cells are not under the demands of the characteristics of 21st-century learning in the aspect of the content.

Solar powered water pump with single axis tracking system for irrigation purpose

Now a day the most convenient available energy is a solar energy used by the photo voltaic cell that converts heat energy into an electrical energy directly from the sun. Present research concerned with the solar tracking, conversion of Direct Current to Alternating Current and to run the agricultural motor equipped with the timer. Tracking is to align the solar panel always perpendicular to the solar beams to charge the battery effectively where the intensity of the light is higher and energy is in form of Direct Current to convert Alternating Current by inverter. Required energy from battery is to run the motor. To automate the stepper motor, which has silicon based solar panel mounted on its shaft, controlled by the microcontroller. Two sensors are connected to the micro controller one which senses the position of the sun and the second one for sensing whether it is day or night. The first sensor finds the location of the sun which is mounted on the solar panel, and the stepper motor is controlled accordingly such that the beams fall onto the solar panel always perpendicular. For this logic, used AT89C51 microcontroller and the embedded C-program coding is provided in the KEIL micro vision editor. Analyzed average amount of energy available from pump, efficiency achieved by the panel to work.

Analysis of Need for Teaching Materials Based STEM-PjBL Assisted by Instructional Videos on Topic Voltaic Cells

In the era of the ASEAN Economic Community (AEC), Indonesia was led to prepare competitive, skilled and expert human resources so that they could compete with other countries. Therefore, the preparation of teaching materials is ideal for optimizing the involvement of students in the learning process of chemistry especially the famous abstract voltaic cell material. The low ability of students to think formally leads to difficulty understanding submicroscopic aspects so that there is the potential for misunderstanding on the topic of this voltaic cell. The purpose of this study is to explain the analysis of the needs in the development of teaching materials on the topic of STEM-PjBL-based voltaic cells assisted with learning videos. This type of research is used descriptive research with open and closed questionnaire techniques. The results of the study found that teachers and students still use conventional teaching materials that have not been integrated with approaches and methods. In addition, these teaching materials have not used information and communication technology that is more in demand by students. Thus it can be seen that overall the development of voltaic cell textbooks based on specific approaches and methods is still needed with integrated information and communication technology.

DEVELOPMENT OF STEM (SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, ENGINEERING, AND MATHEMATIC) INTEGRATED CHEMICAL MODULE ON VOLTAIC CELLS

21 st century requires generation to have high competitiveness and competence in various aspect. Moreover,challenges in the teaching and learning process on chemical subjects, such as voltaic cells, which has abstract and contextual characteristics, as a problem to be solved. This study aimed to produce an integrated chemical module STEM Project Based Learning on the topic of valid and practical voltaic cells. The development of STEM integrated chemical module on the topic of the Voltaic cell used ADDIE model namely Analyze, Design, Development, Implementation and Evaluation. Data was collected through needs analysis, expert testing and student questionnaire responses. At the expert review stage, using 7 material experts and 7 media experts. The implementation phase was carried out in one of the high schools in Serang City. The result of the expert test stage obtained a final score of material validation of 88.25% (very feasible or very valid) and media validation of 82% (very feasible or very valid) with an average score of validity of 87% (very feasible or very valid). For the final score of feasibility obtained from 81% limited trials (very feasible). The characteristics of the developed module was STEM module which follows the Laboy-Rush PjBL-STEM syntax namely refelection, research, discovery, application, and communication. It was made by A5 paper size to make it easy to carry and prepared by various illustrations, interesting features and STEM-Project and design log to complete Voltaic cell project. Furthermore, it is hoped that this module can be used as an alternative STEM teaching material on voltaic cell topic.

PVT Cell Performance Characteristics and Efficiency with Phase Change Material

The PV panel temperature increase causes the drop in output power and electrical efficiency . The power generation of PV module is highly influenced by the temperature and so cooling is required to increase the PV panel electrical efficiency. PV panel electrical efficiency can be increased by keeping the low operating temperature as low as possible, preferably at temperature of 250 C and irradiation 1000 w/m2 . The temperature regulation with efficient control methods of PV modules can increase its efficiency by a significant level. The PVT-PCM systems elevated about 28 to 42% more heat storage capacity than that of for a longer period and around 8 to 12 % escalation in output. The application of phase change materials (PCM) can be a better solution for this purpose, because phase change material (PCM) has large energy storage capacity and nearly constant charging / discharging temperature during phase change transitions .It can be used to regulate the PV cell temperature and store the thermal energy for solar heating systems photoelectric conversion efficiency of a PV system was improved by using different PCM. In this study we are trying to increase the efficiency by using different fin layout of the heat sink and comparing the experimental data for optimal fin design to effectively disperse heat through PCM material. The PVT panel surface back side was attached with the aluminum container with different (Geometric, Spherical & fins) configurations with PCM and with out PCM of single/different materials. Present study carried on aluminum H-30 box holding PCM material with fins and covering plate to which the photo voltaic cell attached then a different sensors to collect temperature data and irradiation levels at different regions. The design parameters was changed with fins and geometrical shape and found the derating factor. The derating factor was found with fins and with out pins along with PCM and with out PCM. Both experimental and theoretical values were compared ,the study revealed that the derating factor value was 13.2 without PCM the and 4.40 with PCM with out fins . The results revealed that relation between experimental measurement values and theoretical values . The study confirmed PCM with better fin design will increase the effective surface area can increase the cooling of PVT panel , results the escalation in electrical out put

Prospective chemistry teachers’ perceptions of multiple representation and ability to represent voltaic cell subject

The aim of this research was to obtain information about students’ perceptions concerning the importance of multiple representations including macroscopic, sub microscopic and symbolic level in chemistry teaching materials, the difficulties in learning voltaic cell, and the ability to present voltaic cell material through those three level of representations. Participants of this study was twenty one students of chemistry education program at the fifth semester, who are taking the subject of school chemistry in the one of the university in Indonesia. The instruments used ware qquestionnaires and interview. They are utilized to gather the students’ perceptions about the characteristics of voltaic cell material, the students’ knowledge of multiple representations and those representations in chemistry teaching materials, and the rubric assessments of teaching materials based on those representations. This study indicates that the students consider the voltaic cell subject as difficult material. Even though they do not understand the multiple representations, they encourage to involve those representations in the teaching materials. Furthermore, the students’ ability of presenting the multiple representations are considered in the low category. They are not be able to apply those representations and associate one and another.