Voltage Range Research Articles

A novel modulation for four‐switch Buck‐boost converter to eliminate the right half plane zero point

AbstractThe four‐switch Buck‐Boost (FSBB) converter are widely used in combination with other isolated converter to extend the voltage range capability of the overall structure. When the converter operates in buck‐boost mode and boost mode, it exhibits a right half plane zero (RHPZ) in the control to output transfer function. This characteristic would cause negative impact to stability of the converter. In order to eliminate the RHPZ, a novel modulation method is proposed in this paper. The buck mode is introduced to the modulation to adjust the voltage gain, and the corresponding average state space modeling for the FSBB with the proposed modulation is established. The simulation of the converter with the proposed modulation method and traditional modulation are presented. Finally, experiment results by hardware in the loop (HIL) platform is employed to verity the correctness of theoretical analysis results.

Heteroatom anchoring to enhance electrochemical reversibility for high-voltage P2-type oxide cathodes of sodium-ion batteries

P2-type cathode has received extensive attention due to its faster Na+ diffusion and a high theoretical capacity in sodium-ion batteries (SIBs). However, undesirable phase transformations have induced dramatic capacity decay of SIBs during the cycling process. In this study, heteroatom anchoring through Cu/Mg dual doping is introduced into P2-type Na0.67Ni0.33Mn0.67O2 cathode to enhance high-voltage electrochemical reversibility and modulate interfacial Na+ kinetics. The as-prepared Na0.67Ni0.23Mg0.05Cu0.05Mn0.67O2 exhibits an outstanding capacity retention (83.4 % after 2000 cycles at 10 C) and rate performance (73 mAh g−1 at 10 C, accounting for 58.7 % of that at 0.1 C) over the voltage range of 2.5–4.4 V. Intensive explorations further manifest that the modified mechanism of dual-ion doping strategy is attributed to the synergistic coupling effect of a substantial change in Na occupancy distribution and an increase in oxygen vacancy buffer. Thus, the optimized cathode expedites Na+ diffusion and reduces detrimental phase transformation, which favors high-rate performance and long-term cycling stability. This study develops a route to rationally design high-voltage cathode materials for SIBs.

An innovative electrolytic cation exchange reactor system for cleaner generation of hydrogen gas using ocean water

The study presents a novel integrated three-compartment electrochemical continuous electrodeionization reactor that was constructed in a laboratory environment. In order to extract large amounts of carbon dioxide from naturally occurring oceanwater in the form of bicarbonate and carbonate, it develops a innovative electrolytic cation exchange process. At the same time, it produces hydrogen gas for possible hydrocarbon synthesis. The study employs the Box-Behnken experimental design approach implemented through the Design Expert software to investigate and optimize the performance of electrochemical hydrogen extraction from Ocean water from an integrated reactor. The integrated electrochemical continuous-type electrodeionization reactor comprises two cation-permeable membranes that operate as boundaries between three compartments: a central compartment and electrode compartments that house the cathode and anode, each of which may reverse polarity. These membranes are made of gel polystyrene cross-linked with divinylbenzene, which has acidic properties that allow cation transport while inhibiting anions. The integrated reactor's electrode chambers are enclosed in plexiglass end plates and contain distinct Plexiglass electrode compartments. These compartments have mesh and solid steel anode and cathode electrodes, with an electrode active area of 176.71 cm2. The influence of various factors, such as voltage and electrolyte amount, on the production of hydrogen synthesis is examined. The study results demonstrate a maximum hydrogen production rate of 2.2 mg/min and a hydrogen production efficiency of 7.82%. The lab testing was carried out using experimental equipment to determine viability. The tests included 35-min runs that measured hydrogen generation under various parameters, such as applied voltage, electrolyte concentration, and pH levels. The ocean salt solutions of 0.5M, 1M, and 2M were initially prepared and evaluated for hydrogen generation. Each concentration is assessed at a voltage range of 4–15V, with matching solution pH values ranging from 2 to 7. Optimization studies were conducted to enhance the hydrogen production rate. The results indicate that hydrogen production rises proportionally with applied voltage and electrolyte concentration but falls with pH growth. Within the Design Expert software, the statistical methods for response surface analysis and optimization are utilized accordingly.

Bidirectional Voltage Regulation for Integrated Photovoltachromic Device Based on P3HT-Electrochromic Unit and Perovskite/Organic Tandem Solar Cells.

Integrated electrochromic devices powered by photovoltaic cells have evoked a lot of interest due to their promising commercial prospects. However, their application has been restricted by the voltage adaption between the self-powered voltage and the color-changing threshold voltage (Vt). Herein, a strategy of bidirectional voltage regulating is proposed to develop a novel stand-alone integrated photovoltachromic device (I-PVCD), which integrates perovskite/organic tandem solar cells (P/O-TSCs) to drive color-changing process of conjugated poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) films. To lower the driving-voltage of electrochromic layer, C60 is introduced to decrease the onset oxidation potential of P3HT film, and thus leading to a reduced Vt of 0.70V benefiting from the enhanced highest occupied molecular orbital level and decreased charge transfer resistance from 67.46 to 49.89 Ω. Simultaneously, PBDB-T is utilized as the hole transport layer in the interconnecting layer of CsPbI2Br/PTB7-Th:IEICO-4F P/O-TSC to improve its open-circuit voltage (Voc) to 1.85V. Under their synergetic merits, a I-PVCD with a wider self-adaptive voltage range is achieved. This device can undergo fast and reversible chromic transition from beautiful magenta to transparent only under the solar radiation, and demonstrates a coloration efficiency of 351.90 cm2 C-1 and a switching time of 2 s besides its excellent operating reliability.

A triple‐LC‐based DC/DC converter with wide input voltage gain in both under‐resonance and over‐resonance frequency regions

AbstractIn recent years, wide voltage range DC/DC converters have been widely used in telecom power, solar generation and electric vehicle charger applications. Based on this, a new multi‐resonant converter with wide input voltage is proposed here. Compared with the traditional LLC converter, the proposed converter can maintain the output voltage within a narrow frequency regulation range in both under‐resonance and over‐resonance areas. Thus, a wide voltage range can be realized without additional switch components or complex control strategies. The topology and the corresponding working principle of the proposed converter are introduced. In addition, the equivalent model by considering the fundamental wave is established and the influence of the resonance parameters on the voltage gain characteristic is analysed in detail. With these considerations, the resonance parameters are designed. Finally, a 500 W experiment platform is established to verify the effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed converter.

A dual-mode buck converter with dynamic sawtooth voltage for wide input voltage range application

A dual-mode buck converter with dynamic sawtooth voltage for wide input voltage range application

Reversible Oxygen Redox Chemistry in High-Entropy P2-Type Manganese-Based Cathodes via Self-Regulating Mechanism.

The irreversible oxygen-redox reactions in the high-voltage region of sodium-layered cathode materials lead to poor capacity retention and structural instability during cycling, presenting a significant challenge in the development of high-energy-density sodium-ion batteries. This work introduces a high-entropy design for layered Na0.67Li0.1Co0.1Cu0.1Ni0.1Ti0.1Mn0.5O2 (Mn-HEO) cathode with a self-regulating mechanism to extend specific capacity and energy density. The oxygen redox reaction was activated during the initial charging process, accompanied by the self-regulation of active elements, enhancing the ionic bonds to form a vacancy wall near the TM vacancies and thus preventing the migration of transition metal elements. Systematic in situ/ex situ characterizations and theoretical calculations comprehensively support the understanding of the self-regulation mechanism of Mn-HEO. As a result, the Mn-HEO cathode exhibits a stable structure during cycling. It demonstrates almost zero strain within a wide voltage range of 2.0-4.5 V with a remarkable specific capacity (177 mAh g-1 at 0.05 C) and excellent long-term cycling stability (87.6% capacity retention after 200 cycles at 2 C). This work opens a new pathway for enhancing the stability of oxygen-redox chemistry and revealing a mechanism of crystal structure evolution for high-energy-density layered oxides.

A non-isolated synchronous buck DC-DC converter, ZVS topology under CCM and DCM conditions

Today, the main challenge of miniaturization and integration of power converters is reducing the volume of parts, eliminating capacitors and inductors.This paper proposes a non-isolated synchronous buck converter (NSBC) under soft switching practice. This converter uses the zero voltage switching (ZVS) topology, which not only provides soft-switching conditions for the converter switches but also prevents the voltage kicking off the two ends of the main switches from being off-state due to self-resonance. To achieve the highest voltage gain in different working cycles, complementary switching approach and use of non-isolated Dc-Dc converter for simultaneous switching of two switches will be used.The non-isolated synchronous buck DC-DC converter with ZVS is to use in some parts of the converter for providing a purpose range of output voltage. In addition, the implementation of the proposed converter control circuit is conducted very simply and needs lower costs. To confirm relations in converter theory, the results of a laboratory sample in the discontinuous and continuous modes are examined. It should be noted that the proposed converter can operate under different levels of voltage, which requires a protection heat policy. The proposed converter implements under the nominal 30-V input and 40 KHz switching frequency, which touches on issues on both sides of discontinuous conduction mode (DCM) and the continuous conduction mode (CCM) conditions and experiment as an example two rates of power 30W and 20W respectively, and also has an acceptable interest rate, which will be evaluated and compared with three different types of similar modes.

P-EcStat: A Versatile Design of Photoelectrochemical and Electrochemical Sensing System with Smartphone Interface via Bluetooth Low Energy

Electrochemical and photoelectrochemical sensors are a rapidly developing field in analytical chemistry. However, commercial systems often lack versatility and affordability, hindering wider adoption. Additionally, the absence of integrated excitation light sources limits their application in photoelectrochemical sensing. Here, we present a highly precise, versatile, affordable measurement system for both electrochemical and photoelectrochemical sensing applications. The system incorporates a three-electrode potentiostat with a synchronized excitation light source. This design enables the system to perform conventional electrochemical measurements like cyclic voltammetry, chronoamperometry, and photoelectrochemical amperometric measurements with controlled light excitation. The developed measurement system operates within a voltage range suitable for a measurable current range of 1 nA to 18 mA, with a high precision of 99%. The excitation source is a monochromatic LED system offering seven distinct wavelengths with digitally controlled intensity via a digital-to-analog converter. Furthermore, an Android-based user interface allows wireless system control via Bluetooth Low Energy. The report also details the construction of a photoelectrochemical experiment using copper (II) oxide nanorods synthesized by the hydrothermal process as the photoactive material employed to test the experiment on a potassium ferricyanide/potassium ferrocyanide solution. This user-friendly system allows broader exploration of electrochemical and photoelectrochemical sensing applications.

Design of powerful high-performance drivers for special-purpose LED lighting systems

This paper presents the results of the study of the parameters and characteristics of the developed high-performance electronic control circuits for special-purpose LED lighting systems based on a two-stage forward converter (driver) with an output power of more than 200 W. Operation of the developed driver in the output power range of 13 to 202 W and the supply voltage range of 160 to 250 V was investigated. The maximum efficiency of the developed power supply system at the voltage of 240 V and the output power of 140 W is 89.9%. For the chosen topology, further voltage increase may increase the efficiency, but lead to accelerated degradation of the driver components. The results of the experimental studies of the developed drivers showed the drivers efficiency in the range of 84 to 90% at a load of 52…202 W with a power factor above 0.97 and a nonlinear current distortion factor less than 23.4% over the entire studied range of supply voltages. The high efficiency of the developed driver in a wide range of output power suggests the possibility of using the driver in lighting systems that provide additional power supply to energy storage systems (batteries), including those ensuring operation in the absence of mains power supply.

Enhancing the stability of Li-Rich Mn-based oxide cathodes through surface high-entropy strategy

Li-rich Mn-based layered oxides (LMR) hold promise as cathode materials for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) due to their high reversible capacity. However, issues such as oxygen release and structural degradation associated with oxygen redox cause voltage decay and capacity decline during cycling. In this study, a monodisperse Li1.2Ni0.13Co0.13Mn0.54O2 cathode material with surface high-entropy architecture (MZCN-LMR) was synthesized to enhance the overlap between the non-bonding orbitals of oxygen (|O2p) and the (TM-O)* occupied band. This enhancement enables regulation of the depth of oxygen oxidation, improving reversible oxygen redox and creating highly flexible structures, with mitigated anisotropic modulus and lattice strain evolution during (de)intercalation. Consequently, the developed MZCN-LMR cathode exhibits impressive capacity retention of 80.5 % after 400 cycles and minimal voltage decay of 0.7 mV per cycle with the voltage range of 2.1–4.6 V. This surface high-entropy strategy offers a universal approach to enhancing the redox stability of anions, contributing to the application of LMR.

LPEO enhanced LAGP composite solid electrolytes for lithium metal batteries

The application of solid electrolyte is expected to realize the commercialization of high energy density lithium metal batteries (LMBs). While the interfacial contact between solid inorganic electrolyte and electrodes has become a stumbling block for achieving stable cycling in LMBs. In this work, a Li-containing polyethylene oxide (LPEO) was introduced between LAGP and electrodes as a buffer layer to regulate the interfacial compatibility and reduce interfacial impedance, inhibiting the side reactions. Moreover, ether-oxygen bond on LPEO chain can coordinate with Li+ and guide the transportation of Li+, achieving fast Li+ diffusion between Li1+xAlxGe2-x(PO4)3 (LAGP) and electrodes. Specifically, the growth of lithium dendrites is effectively suppressed in LAGP with LPEO modification, which would lead to remarkable cycling stability and rate capability. Therefore, the Li|LPEO-LAGP|Li battery can cycle stably for more than 600 h at 0.1 mA cm−2. In addition, long-term performance of Li|LPEO-LAGP| LiFePO4 (LFP) battery was achieved at a rate of 0.4 C, and capacity retention is more than 74% after 200 cycles. The Li|LPEO-LAGP|LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2 also realized the steady operation in the voltage range of 2.8–4.3 V.

Phenyl-bridged N,N,N'N'-Tetrasubstituted bis(2-amino-5-thiazolyl) diamine: Synthesis and applications in electrochromism and photocatalytic nitrobenzene reduction

A novel type of triphenylamine derivatives, phenyl-bridged N,N,N′,N′-tetrasubstituted bis(2-amino-5-thiazolyl) diamine (4) and its cationic form (5) were synthesized via the Hantzsch reaction. The UV–Vis spectroscopy, cyclic voltammetry (CV) and density functional theory (DFT) calculation results showed that the diamine possesses excellent redox properties and a narrow optical energy gap (∼1.85 eV). As an electrochromic material, compound 4 exhibits a notable color change from colorless to blue. It maintains stable cycling performance for up to 175 cycles, even within a higher voltage range of −2.4 to 2.4 V. In addition, as a catalyst, compound 5 exhibits good substrate compatibility and an aniline conversion rate of up to 89 % during the photocatalytic reduction of nitrobenzene. These results would contribute to understand the synthesis of triphenylamine electrochromic materials and expand their applications in the field of photocatalysis.

Impact of large-scale renewable energy integration on the grid voltage stability

Nowadays, the production of renewable energy is increasing rapidly due to its enormous potential and environmental advantages. Still, the addition of renewable energy to the grid has resulted in some volatility in the electrical system. In this work, the national grid of Ethiopia is used as an example to examine the impact of significant wind power integration on grid stability. In particular, issues with voltage stability in both steady-state and emergency scenarios are taken into account for the network. The dynamic modeling of the wind farm is taken into consideration for contingency-based analysis, and the whole nation's power network, including the largest wind farm in the nation, Adama-II, is modeled for base-case analysis using MATLAB's built-in PSAT software. The result indicates that the bus voltages are within an acceptable standard voltage range for the base-case system. Nevertheless, the wind farm will be disconnected from the network in compliance with the global manufacturer's guideline in the case of a three-phase fault at the network point of common coupling (PCC), where the voltage at PCC is equivalent to 0.045 per unit voltage. The results also demonstrate that the voltage profile throughout the whole nation power network is lower when there is a problem at PCC. As a result, as Ethiopia is building several huge wind farms, it is advised that fault detection and control methods be thoroughly designed before connecting the major wind farms to the grid.

Electrode structural effects on the mechanism of high-voltage pulse rock breaking

In the oil drilling process, drilling costs account for more than 50% of total E&P costs. High-voltage electric pulse rock breaking is an economical and effective rock-breaking method that has received widespread attention. At present, there is not much research on the influence of the shape of the electrode tip on high-voltage pulse rock breaking. This paper establishes a system of equations that control the electric breakdown field based on the changes in the electric field inside the rock. Then, using this model, we conducted simulation and laboratory experiments to understand how rocks break under different conditions, such as load voltages, electrode spacing, and electrode tip shapes. The results show that the volume of broken rock is directly related to the loading voltage. The best loading voltage range is between 200 and 220 kV. Increasing the spacing between electrodes helps break more rock, but if the electrode spacing is too large, it's hard to make a hole in the rock, and the rock won't break. An electrode spacing of around 35 mm is the best. The shape of different electrode tips directly affects the high-voltage pulse breaking effect. Hemispherical electrode tips are less favorable for rock breaking, while oval electrode tips are the best. The laboratory experiments and simulations give the same conclusions and verify the applicability and correctness of our model. This study aims to help design high-voltage electric pulse devices.

Bias polarity dependent low-frequency noise in ultra-thin AlOx-based magnetic tunnel junctions

We exploit bias polarity dependent low-frequency noise (LFN) spectroscopy to investigate charge transport dynamics in ultra-thin AlOx-based magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJs) with bipolar resistive switching (RS). By measuring the noise characteristics across the entire bias voltage range of bipolar RS, we find that the voltage noise level exhibits an bias polarity dependence. This distinct feature is intimately correlated with reconfiguring of the inherently existing oxygen vacancies (VO..\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$${V}_{O}^{..}$$\\end{document}) in as-grown MTJ devices during the SET and RESET switching processes. In addition, we observe two-level random telegraph noise (RTN) with a longer and shorter tunneling length in the high resistance state (HRS) and low resistance state (LRS) at a low bias voltage. The intrinsic voltage fluctuations of RTN arise from the dynamics of electron trapping/de-trapping processes at the VO..\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$${V}_{O}^{..}$$\\end{document}-related trap sites. Notably, the RTN magnitude is similar in LRS but nonidentical in that of HRS for different bias polarity. These findings strongly suggest that the inherent VO..\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$${V}_{O}^{..}$$\\end{document} are distributed near the top CoFe/AlOx interface in the HRS; in contrast, they are expanded to the middle region of the AlOx in the LRS. More importantly, we demonstrate that the location and distribution of the inherent VO..\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$${V}_{O}^{..}$$\\end{document} can be electrically tuned, which plays an essential role in the charge transport dynamics in the ultra-thin AlOx-based MTJs and have significant implications for developing emergent memory and logic devices.

Constructing Ti-O-C bond in Na0.23TiO2@N-doped carbon sphere using dihydroxybenzene as an anode material for sodium-ion batteries

Na0.23TiO2 particles coated on a nitrogen-doped carbon sphere (NTO@NCS) were synthesized using dihydroxybenzene and hexamethylenetetramine as carbon and nitrogen sources, respectively. In the NTO@NCS-R sample, Na0.23TiO2 particles uniformly cover the surface of electrically conductive NCS by forming the Ti-O-C bonds between Na0·23TiO2 and NCS. The feature is favorable to provide the NTO electrode the structural robustness and sodium ion diffusion during cycling. The NTO@NCS-R electrode exhibits an outstanding discharge capacity of 193.1 mAh g−1 at 0.1 A g−1 after 300 cycles in the voltage range of 0.01–2.5 V, compared to bare Na0·23TiO2, NTO@NCS-C, and NTO@NCS-H. In addition, NTO@NCS-R exhibits a discharge capacity of 114.4 mAh g−1 at 1.0 A g−1 at 2000th cycle and 58.7 mAh g−1 at 2.0 A g−1 at 8000th cycle, respectively, proving fast sodium ion diffusion and excellent cycle stability during long-term cycles.

Tailored synthesis and characterization of Zr-doped NaNi1/3Fe1/3Mn1/3O2 cathode materials for advanced energy storage

Utilizing ball milling and spray drying, Zr-doped O3-type NaNi1/3Fe1/3-xMn1/3ZrxO2 (NFM-xZr, x=0, 1 %, 3 %) cathode materials were successfully fabricated, confirmed by XRD and EDS analyses, indicating effective Zr4+ ion integration. Structural adjustments in transition metal and sodium layer spacing were observed, enhancing sodium ion diffusion. The optimal sample, NFM-1 %Zr, exhibited remarkable electrochemical performance, achieving a discharge capacity of 124.4mAhg−1 at 1 C and a retention rate of 87.14 % after 200 cycles. At 5 C, the retention rate remained high at 88.15 % after 200 cycles. Notably, within the voltage range of 2–4.3 V, the capacity retention rate at 1 C increased by 21.94 %. In a full cell configuration (NFM-1 %Zr//HC), a cycling retention rate of 79.78 % was achieved after 200 cycles at 10 C. Ex-situ XRD analysis highlighted the improved cathode material reversibility with Zr incorporation. SEM and EDS revealed that moderate Zr doping inhibited phase transitions and reduced oxygen losses, resulting in excellent electrochemical performance.

Multiphase manganese-based layered oxide for sodium-ion batteries: structural change and phase transition

Sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) are recognized as a leading option for energy storage systems, attributed to their environmental friendliness, natural abundance of sodium, and uncomplicated design. Cathode materials are crucial in defining the structural integrity and functional efficacy of SIBs. Recent studies have extensively focused on manganese (Mn)-based layered oxides, primarily due to their substantial specific capacity, cost-effectiveness, non-toxic nature, and ecological compatibility. Additionally, these materials offer a versatile voltage range and diverse configurational possibilities. However, the complex phase transition during a circular process affects its electrochemical performance. Herein, we set the multiphase Mn-based layered oxides as the research target and take the relationship between the structure and phase transition of these materials as the starting point, aiming to clarify the mechanism between the microstructure and phase transition of multiphase layered oxides. Meanwhile, the structure-activity relationship between structural changes and electrochemical performance of Mn-based layered oxides is revealed. Various modification methods for multiphase Mn-based layered oxides are summarized. As a result, a reasonable structural design is proposed for producing high-performance SIBs based on these oxides.

Stepwise Construction of MoS2@CoAl-LDH/NF 3D Core-Shell Nanoarrays with High Hole Mobility for High-Performance Asymmetric Supercapacitors.

Supercapacitors (SCs) have received widespread attention as excellent energy storage devices, and the design of multicomponent electrode materials and the construction of ingenious structures are the keys to enhancing the performance of SCs. In this paper, MoS2 nanorods were used as the carrier structure to induce the anchoring of CoAl-LDH nanosheets and grow on the surface of nickel foam (NF) in situ, thus obtaining a uniformly distributed MoS2 nanorod@CoAl-LDH nanosheet core-shell nanoarray material (MoS2@CoAl-LDH/NF). On the one hand, the nanorod-structured MoS2 as the core provides high conductivity and support, accelerates electron transfer, and avoids agglomeration of CoAl-LDH nanosheets. On the other hand, CoAl-LDH nanosheet arrays have abundant interfacially active sites, which accelerate the electrolyte penetration and enhance the electrochemical activity. The synergistic effect of the two components and the unique core-shell nanostructure give MoS2@CoAl-LDH/NF a high capacity (14,888.8 mF cm-2 at 2 mA cm-2) and long-term cycling performance (104.4% retention after 5000 charge/discharge cycles). The integrated MoS2@CoAl-LDH/NF//AC device boasts a voltage range spanning from 0 to 1.5 V, achieving a peak energy density of 0.19 mW h cm-2 at 1.5 mW cm-2. Impressively, it maintains a capacitance retention rate of 84.6% after enduring 10,000 cycles, demonstrating exceptional durability and stability.