Voltage Power Supply System Research Articles

A novel cost-effective power supply model for industrial appliances based on triangular magnetic shunt transformer design

This paper presents a new design of a magnetic shunt transformer for use in industrial microwave generators. The proposed transformer has a triangular shape and offers several advantages over existing transformer designs, including reduced volume and maintenance costs. We provide a detailed analysis of the transformer's dimensions and an equivalent model of the three-phase high voltage power supply system. The results of this study have significant implications for the field of industrial microwave generator design and could lead to the development of more efficient and costeffective systems. The resulting model is comprised of saturable inductors capable of accounting for the non-linear phenomena of saturation. The power supply is simulated using MATLAB/Simulink with a neuro-fuzzy ANFIS approach. The results are compared to experimental validations of a single-phase reference power supply for a magnetron, validating the proposed power supply. Additionally, the simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed design, which outperforms existing transformers in terms of volume, energy efficiency and maintenance costs.

Conceptual Design of the DTT ECRH High Voltage Power Supply System

Conceptual Design of the DTT ECRH High Voltage Power Supply System

The high voltage system of the novel MPGD-based photon detectors of COMPASS RICH-1 and its development towards a scalable High Voltage Power Supply System for MPGDs

The COMPASS RICH-1 detector has undergone a major upgrade in 2016 with the installation of four novel MPGD-based photon detectors. They consist of large-size hybrid MPGDs with multi-layer architecture composed of two layers of Thick-GEMs and bulk resistive MicroMegas. A dedicated high voltage power supply system, based on CAEN HV modules, has been built and put in operation: it controls more than 100 HV channels. The system is required to protect the detectors against errors by the operator, monitor voltages and currents at a 1 Hz rate and automatically react to detector misbehavior. It includes also a HV compensation system against environmental pressure and temperature variation to grant the detector stability. The operation of a MPGD based single photon detector poses challenging requirements to the high voltage power supply systems employed in terms of high-resolution diagnostic features and dynamic voltage control. Systems satisfying all the needed features are not commercially available; for this reason a novel single channel high voltage system matching the MPGD needs has been designed and realized. In this article the COMPASS RICH-1 MPGD HV system implementation is described as well as its performance in terms of stability of the novel MPGD-based photon detectors during the physics data taking at COMPASS. The design, implementation and performance of a novel HV power supply system based on DC to DC converters and controlled by a FPGA device is presented. The capabilities of the first prototype of the new single HV channel power supply are illustrated when operated with a MPGD based single photon detector during a test beam exercise. The preliminary result of the multi channel system are briefly discussed.

The high voltage system the novel MPGD-based photon detectors of COMPASS RICH-1 and its development towards a scalable HVPSS for MPGDs

The COMPASS RICH-1 detector underwent major upgrade in 2016 with the installation of four novel MPGD-based photon detectors. They consist of large-size hybrid MPGDs with multi-layer architecture composed of two layers of Thick-GEMs and bulk resistive Micromegas. A dedicated high voltage power supply system, realized with commercial devices, has been put in operation to protect the detectors against errors by the operator, monitor and log voltages and currents at a 1 Hz rate, and automatically react to detector misbehavior; it includes also the HV compensation for the detector gas pressure and temperature variations.The needs posed to the high voltage power supply systems by the operation of Micro Pattern Gaseous Detectors pushed the development of a novel single channel HV system able to overcome the performance of the commercial devices in terms of high-resolution diagnostic features and intelligent dynamic voltage control. In this talk the COMPASS HV system and its performance are illustrated, as well as the stability of the novel MPGD-based photon detectors during the physics data taking at COMPASS. The performance of the novel single channel power supply system when connected to a single photon Micro Pattern Gaseous Detector is presented in realistic working condition during a test beam with the preliminary results of multiple channels operation.

2D circular-shaped sensor of poly (vinylidene fluoride) piezoelectric fibers fabricated through near-field direct-write electrospinning

This study presented an innovative concept to develop a home-made equipment to make a 2D circular-shaped polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) fiber piezoelectric sensor. The fibers spun by direct-write near-field electrospinning can be collected orderly to enhance the orientation of dipole moments and the piezoelectric effect. The electrospinning system mainly consists of a high voltage power supply system, a digitally controlled [Formula: see text]–[Formula: see text] table, a solution injection system, and a rotating flat disc collector system. PVDF piezoelectric fibers were spun for the sensing element of the sensor with a diameter of [Formula: see text]16 [Formula: see text]m under a high electric field ([Formula: see text] V/m). The optimal parameters of electrospinning process were investigated and determined by the uniform design (UD) method in terms of the working high voltage, feeding rate, and gap distance between the needle and collector. In addition, a prototype of this newly designed rotating flat disc collector system was utilized to make 2D circular-shaped PVDF piezoelectric fibers. Besides, the newly-designed radial electrodes were used to characterize multi-directional sensing ability. The 2D circular-shaped fibers were then packaged with this radial electrodes and polyethylene terephthalate (PET) film together to measure the dynamic behavior characteristics.

Development of lower hybrid wave power feedback control and experiments on EAST

A new method of power feedback control for the lower hybrid wave (LHW) systems on the experimental advanced superconducting tokamak (EAST) is presented. Different methods are applied to control the power of two LHW systems with different frequency at 2.45 GHz and at 4.6 GHz, respectively. The old method is applied to control the 4.6 GHz LHW power through the exciter of klystrons, and the new one is used to control the 2.45 GHz LHW power through the high voltage power supply (HVPS) system. The new method has been applied in EAST and successfully assisted the development of relevant experiments such as loop voltage control, q profile control.

Analysis and Research on Factors Affecting the Reliability of Medium Voltage Power Supply

With the continuous development of social economy, the demand for electricity is increasing day by day. Power users have higher and higher requirements on the reliability of power supply. In case of grid failure, The impact on businesses and individuals is also growing. The reliability of medium voltage power supply system has been paid more and more attention. The reliability of medium voltage power supply has a direct impact on users’ satisfaction with electricity consumption. Power supply reliability has become an important index to reflect the continuous power supply capacity of enterprises. Power supply enterprises pay more attention to power supply reliability year by year. Improving the reliability of power supply for medium voltage users has become an important part of reliability management. The author summarizes the work experience, the main factors affecting the reliability of medium voltage supply are analyzed. The measures and methods to improve the reliability of medium voltage power supply are put forward.

Modeling and Analysis of N-Branch Hybrid Switched Inductor and Capacitor Converter

This paper proposes a family of N-Branch hybrid switched inductor and capacitor (SLC) converters. With the single circuit, the multi-level output voltage or current could be generated. The proposed converter is suitable both for the voltage source and the current source. The same LC network is reused for different LC branches. The proposed converter is controlled by the phase shift control method with a time domain multiplexing concept. The N level circuit is operated with the same frequency. One cycle period is divided into N small time cycles for each branch. The phase shift for each branch is 360°/N. The load voltage could be changed by modifying the duty cycle of the transistor. When the SLCs work in the resonant condition, the soft switching will be acquired. The power loss of transistors could be sharply reduced. In this paper, a 300 W SLC converter is constructed to verify the theoretical analysis and operation mechanism in the resonant condition and hard switching condition. With the experimental and simulated verification, the soft switching and the stable multi-level output voltage or current are achieved. The proposed SLC converter could be used for the multi-level voltage power supply system, such as the electric vehicle, the electric aircraft, autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs) and a new energy generation system.

Discussion on Grounding Mode of Low Voltage Power Supply and Distribution System

Discussion on Grounding Mode of Low Voltage Power Supply and Distribution System

Failures’ Diagnosis of High Voltage Power Supply System for Low Power Magnetrons

This paper treats the study of the equivalent magnetic flux leakage transformer core type; it uses three-phase high voltage power supplies for a magnetron in each phase. This special transformer feeds a voltage doubler, a current stabilizer cell in series per phase. It ensures the anodic current stabilization in each magnetron by saturation of its magnetic circuit. It has additional leakage flux, which protects the magnetron against any eventual voltage variation; it is considered the basic element of this power supply.The simulation results with MATLAB-Simulink environment of the electrical operation of this power supply device were consistent with the experimental laboratory tests in the case of single-phase high voltage for one magnetron. This results obtained shows the feasibility of the proposed simulation model

An Experimental Study of Co-Axial Dielectric Barrier Discharge for Ozone Generation

In this research work, co-axial cylindrical dielectric barrier discharge (CCDBD) system has been used as a ozone generator for ozone production with air as a working gas. The breakdown of air was generated inside the reactor by using low line frequency of 50 Hz and high AC voltage power supply system. The variation of air flow rate (Q) was taken from 10 to 16 l/min in this experiment. The O3 concentration denoted by C(O3) decreases with increasing the rate of flow of air at fixed discharge time and applied voltage. When discharge time (t) increases, C(O3) increases at fixed applied voltage. C(O3) also increases with increasing applied voltage (V) for constant discharge time. If the gap space between the electrodes increases then C(O3) increases. We have used glass tube reactor for this work having internal diameter of 18 mm and copper, brass and iron electrodes of diameter 8 mm. It was estimated that C(O3) found higher for copper electrode than both brass and iron electrode for certain discharge time, applied voltage and reactor diameter.

300 kV/6 mA integrated Cockcroft-Walton high voltage power supply for a compact neutron generator.

A high voltage power supply system for a compact neutron generator is developed. A four-stage symmetrical Cockcroft-Walton voltage multiplier circuit is adopted to produce 300 kV direct current high voltage. A two-stage 360 kV isolation transformer system is used to drive the ion source power supply. The high voltage power supply and the isolation transformer system are integrated in an epoxy bucket with a size of ϕ360 × 700 containing No. 25 transformer oil. The maximum output voltage of the power supply can reach 300 kV. The variation in the high voltage power supply is less than 0.5% when the power supply works at 300 kV/6 mA with an input voltage variation of ±8%. Meanwhile, the isolation transformer system can withstand more than 360 kV, with its output power being about 2.5 kW. No overvoltage protection devices are used in the power supply, and the protection resistors are connected in series to two pairs of rectifiers at the highest and lowest potential terminals and to the output terminal of the voltage multiplier to prevent overcurrent.

A scalable High Voltage Power Supply System with system on chip control for Micro Pattern Gaseous Detectors

The requirements posed to high voltage power supply systems by the operation of Micro Pattern Gaseous Detectors are specific in terms of high resolution diagnostic features and intelligent dynamic voltage control. These requirements are needed both when technology development is performed and when extended detector systems are supplied and monitored. Systems satisfying all the needed features are not commercially available.A single channel high voltage system matching the Micro Pattern Gaseous Detector needs has been designed and realized, including its hardware and software components. The system employs a commercial DC∕DC converter and is coupled to a custom high resolution ammeter. Local intelligence, flexibility and high speed inter-connectivity are provided by a System on Chip Board and the use of a powerful FPGA. The single channel system has been developed, as critical milestone towards the realization of a multi-channel system.The design, implementation and performance of the system are reported in detail in this article, as well as the performance of the single channel power supply when connected to a Micro Pattern Gaseous Detector in realistic working condition during a test beam exercise.

Simulation of Train Energy Consumption Based on UAS

High-speed trains are all electric locomotives. During the operation of EMU, the power supply network will be cut off due to bad weather, high voltage cable dropping off, catenary failure and power supply system failure, which will cause the whole train line to stop running and a large number of passengers to stay, causing serious harm. Therefore, on the vehicle energy management simulation platform UAS, a large number of simulations have been carried out for different vehicle energy storage, traction constant speed and operation modes, and the effects of initial battery power, constant speed and operation mode on traction energy consumption, auxiliary energy consumption and train operation time have been explored. The simulation has good application prospects in the future intelligent high-speed railway construction.

Determination of the Most Energy-saving Traction Speed Based on UAS Simulation

During the operation of EMU, the power supply network will be cut off and the train power will be lost due to bad weather, high voltage cable dropping off, catenary failure and power supply system failure, which will cause the whole train line to be stopped and a large number of passengers to be detained, causing serious harm. Therefore, the Emergency Guidance (UAS) simulation software for EMU is developed based on the QT platform, and a lot of simulations are carried out under different initial battery power, different traction constant speed and different operation modes. Based on the simulation data, the main energy consumption models of trains and the models of total operation energy consumption and traction constant speed under time-first operation mode are established, which can be found from the models. The constant speed of traction with the least energy consumption can help the driver to drive energy-saving and reduce unnecessary energy consumption. Finally, the model is validated and evaluated, which can be well applied to general situations. The simulation has good application prospects in the construction of energy-saving intelligent high-speed railway in the future.

Development of a 400 kV 80 mA Cockcroft-Walton power supply and 12 kW isolation transformer systems for neutron generators

A 400 kV 80 mA Cockcroft-Walton power supply driven by 2.5 kHz frequency, and 12 kW isolation transformer systems are developed for an intense DD/DT neutron generator. The design, construction, and testing of the high voltage (HV) power supply and isolation transformer systems are detailed reported. The structure of step-up transformers can make the potential distribution uniform, and auxiliary coils of the isolation transformers can improve the power transmission efficiency significantly. The testing results show that the HV power supply can reach 400 kV, and the isolation transformer systems can withstand 400 kV voltages and its power transmission efficiency is about 98.1%.

Design of high voltage power supply and control system for gyrotron test bench

Electron Cyclotron Resonance Heating (ECRH) system is one of the most important Tokamak auxiliary heating methods. However, with the development of physical experiments progress, there are growing stringent requirements for ECRH system and high-voltage power supply system, at the same time, more difficulty of the control and protection of high-voltage power supply. In this paper, according to the requirements of -60 kV/50 A PSM high-voltage power supply, a control system based on MCU and FPGA is developed, which not only satisfies all working modes of the power supply system, especially the requirements of 1 kHz modulation, but also meets the requirements of logic control and fast protection for gyrotron test bench. The experimental results show good logic structure and reliable operation of the power supply and control system and it can fit the requirements of logic control, timing and fast protection for gyrotron test bench.

Load Characteristics in Low Voltage DC Power Supply Systems

Low voltage direct current (LVDC) power supply systems have brought new growing point to low voltage power supply systems due to the high efficiency, improved reliability and power quality. In order to realize the extensive advancement of LVDC power supply systems, it is necessary to discuss several issues on the load side in LVDC systems, to reflect the advantages of LVDC systems on the load side. Based on the above purpose, this paper compares the electrical efficiency, power quality and reliability of load side between LVDC and traditional AC power supply systems, analyzes the compatibility of existing load in LVDC systems and finally, summarizes the load operating characteristics and load model in the LVDC systems. The research shows feasibility and superiority for the existing load when supplying from LVDC systems.

The High-Voltage System of Calet Apparatus

CALET (CALorimetric Electron Telescope) is installed on the International Space Station since August 2015, is a mission devoted to measure the intensity of cosmic ray electrons and protons accelerated to near the speed of light. The apparatus is also designed to observe high energy gamma rays, nearby source of high energy radiation and it may even detect signatures of the elusive dark matter.One of the core components of the whole apparatus is the high voltage power supply system. It is based on hundred of independent DC/DC converters providing precise voltage regulation to two sections of CALET detectors.This paper presents the experience gained in the implementation of the CALET HV system: the system design requirements and the technical solutions adopted, the two system sections block schemes and the main characteristics of the DC/DC converters that guarantee the CALET HV system technical performance.

System upgradation for surface mode negative ion beam extraction experiments in ROBIN

Operational commissioning of ROBIN forms an important milestone in the Indian programme on the R&D on negative ion beams. The commissioning activity has been effected in sequence, in synchronisation with the availability of High voltage Power Supply (HVPS) systems and routine operation has now been established in the cesiated, surface mode. Significant efforts have been placed in upgrading the system to initiate the surface mode operation. These include incorporation of a temperature controlled Cesium (Cs) delivery system, spectroscopic diagnostics for detection of Cs lines, installation of plasma grid heating and closed loop warm water circuit for source components heating and Doppler Shift Spectroscopy (DSS) system. The specific design and integration features for these upgrades are discussed and preliminary results obtained from the operation of ROBIN in the surface mode are presented.