Voltage Gradient Research Articles

Design of an Anti-Corona Device for HVAC Substation Connectors

One of the aspects to consider during high-voltage (HV) equipment design is the reduction in the probability of corona effect onset. Indeed, the corona effect is related to high electric field values beyond the equipment’s insulation levels and insulation strength, among other factors. This issue can be addressed during the design step, either by modifying the geometry of the electrical device or by including additional elements in the equipment structure to smooth out the voltage gradient along critical regions, such as anti-corona devices. The study of anti-corona devices for HV insulators is well documented, in contrast to substation connectors. Therefore, the present study proposed the design of a novel anti-corona device for HV substation connectors, including a method for the selection of its dimensions. This study shows that the relationship between the dimensional design variables and the critical electrical field on the connector is described by linear and rational functions. Thus, the design process times are cut down due to a reduction in the number of simulations required to run the assessment of the anti-corona device arrangement impact.

Screening Biophysical Sensors and Neurite Outgrowth Actuators in Human Induced-Pluripotent-Stem-Cell-Derived Neurons.

All living cells maintain a charge distribution across their cell membrane (membrane potential) by carefully controlled ion fluxes. These bioelectric signals regulate cell behavior (such as migration, proliferation, differentiation) as well as higher-level tissue and organ patterning. Thus, voltage gradients represent an important parameter for diagnostics as well as a promising target for therapeutic interventions in birth defects, injury, and cancer. However, despite much progress in cell and molecular biology, little is known about bioelectric states in human stem cells. Here, we present simple methods to simultaneously track ion dynamics, membrane voltage, cell morphology, and cell activity (pH and ROS), using fluorescent reporter dyes in living human neurons derived from induced neural stem cells (hiNSC). We developed and tested functional protocols for manipulating ion fluxes, membrane potential, and cell activity, and tracking neural responses to injury and reinnervation in vitro. Finally, using morphology sensor, we tested and quantified the ability of physiological actuators (neurotransmitters and pH) to manipulate nerve repair and reinnervation. These methods are not specific to a particular cell type and should be broadly applicable to the study of bioelectrical controls across a wide range of combinations of models and endpoints.

Study of the Seawater Desalination Performance by Electrodialysis.

The global scarcity of freshwater resources has greatly contributed to the development of desalination technologies, in which electrodialysis desalination is one of the most widely used and highly regarded methods. In this work, the first step was to design and assemble a experiment module for electrodialysis desalination. The ion removal efficiency and single membrane mass transfer flux of electrodialysis desalination were investigated. The results show that the desalination performance of the module is improved by increasing the voltage gradient, increasing the concentration of seawater and electrolyte and decreasing the membrane surface flux and that the optimum operating conditions for the module at 24 V operating voltage are feedstock concentration of 35 g/L, electrolyte concentration of 1.42 g/L which and system flow rate of 15 L/h. The results of the study will help to better investigate electrodialysis desalination technology.

Effect of ultrasound and microwave pretreatments on extraction of anise (Pimpinella anisum L.) seed essential oil by ohmic-assisted hydrodistillation

In the present study, effective parameters in ohmic-assisted hydrodistillation (OH) technique with ultrasound pre- (US-OH) and microwave (MW-OH) treatment including ultrasound (0–60 min) or microwave (0–6 min) pre-treatment time, extraction time (120–30 min), and voltage gradient (5–15 V/cm) was optimized for a process with maximum extraction yield (EY), minimum energy consumption (EC) and maximum total phenol content (TPC) of essential oil (EO). The results showed that the main effect of all variables on EY, EC, and TPC was significant (p < 0.05). The process with voltage gradients of 12.45 and 10.61 (V/cm) Process time of 77.71 and 89.44 min and pre-treatment time of 44.28 and 3.74 min US-OH and MW-OH methods were selected as the optimal process, respectively. Optimal treatments were compared by the hydrodistillation (HD) method and the results showed that the extraction efficiencies for US-OH and MW-OH methods were 28 % and 22 % higher than HD, respectively. The US-OH method results in a shorter total extraction time (77.71 min) compared to HD and MW-OH, lower EC (0.180 kW h/g EO), and higher TPC (11.65 GAE/g EO). Results showed that the quality of EO produced by US-OH and MW-OH methods was higher than the HD method. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) micrograph confirmed the efficiency of US-OH in the complete destruction of glands containing EO. In addition, EC study and CO2 emissions showed that US-OH is an efficient and green technology in extracting anise essential oil (AEO) that can improve the quantity and quality of AEO.

Electrokinetic geosynthetics restrained nitrogen release from sediment to overlying water through porewater drainage

Porewater is the primary carrier of sediment nitrogen and a crucial source of overlying water nitrogen; its separation thus is essential for restraining nitrogen release from sediment to overlying water. We developed a novel device using electrokinetic geosynthetics to drain porewater with nitrogen and restrain nitrogen release. A batch experiment lasted 1120 h (about 47 days) was conducted with 20 cm depth of overlying water under three conditions, i.e., undrained at 0 V/cm voltage gradient (control), drained at 0 V/cm, and drained at 0.5 V/cm. Under the pulsed direct current, once porewater drained, overlying water replenished sediment pore space and supplied porewater. Along with porewater drainage, sediment nitrogen concentration was reduced by 11%–30%, decreasing nitrogen release from sediment to overlying water from 83 mg/m2 in the first 100 h to −95 mg/m2 after about 600 h. Processes such as electroosmosis, electromigration, and redox reaction contributed to the restraint on nitrogen release. This research revealed the potentiality of applying electrokinetic geosynthetics to in-situ restraint on sediment nitrogen release in eutrophic waterbodies such as fishponds.

Agnostic Life Finder (ALF) for Large-Scale Screening of Martian Life During In Situ Refueling.

Before the first humans depart for Mars in the next decade, hundreds of tons of martian water-ice must be harvested to produce propellant for the return vehicle, a process known as in situ resource utilization (ISRU). We describe here an instrument, the Agnostic Life Finder (ALF), that is an inexpensive life-detection add-on to ISRU. ALF exploits a well-supported view that informational genetic biopolymers in life in water must have two structural features: (1) Informational biopolymers must carry a repeating charge; they must be polyelectrolytes. (2) Their building blocks must fit into an aperiodic crystal structure; the building blocks must be size-shape regular. ALF exploits the first structural feature to extract polyelectrolytes from ∼10 cubic meters of mined martian water by applying a voltage gradient perpendicularly to the water's flow. This gradient diverts polyelectrolytes from the flow toward their respective electrodes (polyanions to the anode, polycations to the cathode), where they are captured in cartridges before they encounter the electrodes. There, they can later be released to analyze their building blocks, for example, by mass spectrometry or nanopore. Upstream, martian cells holding martian informational polyelectrolytes are disrupted by ultrasound. To manage the (unknown) conductivity of the water due to the presence of salts, the mined water is preconditioned by electrodialysis using porous membranes. ALF uses only resources and technology that must already be available for ISRU. Thus, life detection is easily and inexpensively integrated into SpaceX or NASA ISRU missions.

ELECTRICAL CONDUCTIVITY APPLICATION IN OHMIC PASTEURIZATION OF ORANGE JUICE

The conversion of electrical energy into heat energy, which results in internal energy generation, is the underlying premise of Ohmic heating. An experimental batch Ohmic heating unit was built and manufactured for this study. The effect of voltage gradient of alternating current during batch Ohmic heating on orange juice was investigated. Parameters such as temperature, electrical current, time consumption, system performance coefficient, and heating rate of orange juice under Ohmic heating process were studied. The time consumption such as (23.02, 11.25, and 2.19 minutes) to reach the Ohmic pasteurization temperature (95 °C) was decreased as the voltage gradients (9.20 V/cm, 12.64 V/cm, and 25.28 V/cm) increased respectively. The electrical current was rapidly increased (4.46 Amp.) in accordance with the higher voltage gradient (25.28 V/cm) to attain the pasteurization temperature. With rising voltage gradients, Ohmic heating resulted in greater system performance coefficient values. The heating rate appears to have grown dramatically as the voltage gradients increased.

EFFECT OF OHMIC HEATING TREATMENT ON DIFFERENT PROPERTIES OF WHOLE COW MILK

Ohmic heating is a unique thermal technology in which an electrical current is passed through a food product, causing heat to be generated. This alternative heating process was investigated in terms of energy efficiency and high quality method for a batch quantity of whole cow milk. The study's major goal is to show that it is possible to develop a heater that successfully pasteurizes milk on a laboratory scale. Before and after ohmic and conventional heating procedures, chemical characteristics (such as protein, acidity as lactic acid, fat, and solid non-fat), alkaline phosphatase, and microbial counts (such as total bacteria count and E. coli) of the milk were examined. When the maximum voltage gradient (19.13 V/cm) was used, the protein content of pasteurized milk remained unaltered. The fat level remained consistent at 5.10 % across all pasteurization methods. Both conventional and ohmic heating inactivated alkaline phosphatase and microorganisms. Different voltage gradients of 6.08 V/cm, 9.56 V/cm, and 19.13 V/cm were also studied to see what effect they would have on the ohmically heated milk's electrical properties (such as electrical conductivity and current).

Optimal entrainment for removal of pinned spiral waves.

Cardiac fibrillation is caused by self-sustaining spiral waves that occur in the myocardium, some of which can be pinned to anatomical obstacles, making them more difficult to eliminate. A small electrical stimulation is often sufficient to unpin these spirals but only if it is applied during the vulnerable unpinning window. Even if these unpinning windows can be inferred from data, when multiple pinned spirals exist, their unpinning windows will not generally overlap. Using phase-based reduction techniques, we formulate and solve an optimal control problem to yield a time-varying external voltage gradient that can synchronize a collection of spiral waves that are pinned to a collection of heterogeneous obstacles. Upon synchronization, the unpinning windows overlap so that they can be simultaneously unpinned by applying an external voltage gradient pulse at an appropriate moment. Numerical validation is presented in bidomain model simulations. Results represent a proof-of-concept illustration of the proposed unpinning strategy which explicitly incorporates heterogeneity in the problem formulation and requires no real-time feedback about the system state.

Performance evaluation of pectin extraction from grapefruit peel powder by ohmic heating

This study is to investigate the performance properties during the extraction of pectin from grapefruit peel powder using ohmic heating. Pectin extraction was carried out under different voltage gradients (7-11 V/cm), different solid:liquid ratios (1:20-1:60), and different holding times (0-180 min) at constant pH and temperature (80°C). The voltage gradient and solid:liquid ratio affected the time to reach the target temperature. The highest energy efficiency value for all voltage gradients and solid:liquid ratios were obtained in the 0 minutes holding time, and the efficiency value, which changed between 89.47-56.02%, was negatively affected by the increase in the holding time. The exergy efficiency was lower than the energy efficiency and decreased due to the increasing holding time and decreasing voltage gradient. Also, the exergy efficiency was found to be between 73.69-18.09%. Determining the performance characteristics of the system will make a significant contribution to pilot and industrial-scale system/process applications for future.

Initiation of ventricular arrhythmia in the acquired long QT syndrome.

Long QT syndrome (LQTS) carries a risk of life-threatening polymorphic ventricular tachycardia (Torsades de Pointes, TdP) and is a major cause of premature sudden cardiac death. TdP is induced by R-on-T premature ventricular complexes (PVCs), thought to be generated by cellular early-afterdepolarisations (EADs). However, EADs in tissue require cellular synchronisation, and their role in TdP induction remains unclear. We aimed to determine the mechanism of TdP induction in rabbit hearts with acquired LQTS (aLQTS). Optical mapping of action potentials (APs) and intracellular Ca2+ was performed in Langendorff-perfused rabbit hearts (n = 17). TdP induced by R-on-T PVCs was observed during aLQTS (50% K+/Mg++ & E4031) conditions in all hearts (P < 0.0001 vs. control). Islands of AP prolongation bounded by steep voltage gradients (VGs) were consistently observed before arrhythmia and peak VGs were more closely related to the PVC upstroke than EADs, both temporally (7 ± 5 ms vs. 44 ± 27 ms, P < 0.0001) and spatially (1.0 ± 0.7 vs. 3.6 ± 0.9 mm, P < 0.0001). PVCs were initiated at estimated voltages of ∼ -40 mV and had upstroke dF/dtmax and Vm-Ca2+ dynamics compatible with ICaL activation. Computational simulations demonstrated that PVCs could arise directly from VGs, through electrotonic triggering of ICaL. In experiments and the model, sub-maximal L-type Ca2+ channel (LTCC) block (200 nM nifedipine and 90% gCaL, respectively) abolished both PVCs and TdP in the continued presence of aLQTS. These data demonstrate that ICaL activation at sites displaying steep VGs generates the PVCs which induce TdP, providing a mechanism and rationale for LTCC blockers as a novel therapeutic approach in LQTS.

Influence of alternating electric field on deep dewatering of municipal sludge and changes of extracellular polymeric substance during dewatering

A self-prepared experimental device made of plexiglass with alternating power supply system was used to study the deep dewatering of municipal dewatered sludge. Considering the reduction rate of sludge water content (Wr) as the index, factors affecting enhanced electric settlement of sludge such as exchange electrode method, voltage gradient, sludge thickness, and mechanical pressure were studied, and the dewatering mechanism was elucidated. The single-factor experiment combined with the surface response method based on the Box–Behnken central experimental design was performed. With Wr as the response value, the voltage gradient conditions, time ratio, and sludge thickness were optimized. Pearson correlation analysis showed that the reduction of proteins/polysaccharides was beneficial to improving the sludge dewatering effect. Tightly bound extracellular polymeric substances (TB-EPSs) showed a significant influence on the sludge dewatering effect. Under the action of the external electric field, particles with negative charge moved toward the anode sludge, water with partial positive charge flowed to the cathode, and the sludge cellular structure was damaged. This resulted in the dissolution of a large number of EPSs and the release of bound water. The anode sludge cake got thickened due to the accumulation of the sludge particles, leading to the increase in resistance. The TB-EPS was deconstructed by the ohmic heating to improve the sludge dewatering effect and achieve deep dewatering. Scanning electron microscopy results showed that the drying problem of anode sludge was alleviated during the dewatering process.

Self-resistance electric heating of shaped CFRP laminates: temperature distribution optimization and validation

The self-resistance electrical (SRE) heating method to cure the carbon-fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP) parts possesses the advantages of rapid and volumetric heating, low energy consumption, and low asset investment. But the current SRE heating methods are difficult to uniformly cure the shaped CFRP parts due to the non-uniformly distributed Joule heat power in the parts with a varying cross-sectional area. In this paper, an optimized multi-zone SRE heating method is proposed, in which the uniform heating and curing process of the shaped CFRP part is firstly achieved. By optimizing the orientation of the rectangular zones, the local overheating caused by the voltage gradient and current diffusion between different zones is notably suppressed. Combined with the electro-thermal numerical analysis, the influence of the positional offset of electrodes in two adjacent zones on the temperature uniformity is investigated. Based on this, an automated zone discretization algorithm and the optimal selection method of the zone orientation are established. The proposed method is numerically and experimentally validated with the typical-shaped CFRP parts, and the results are compared with that of the existing SRE heating method. The proposed method realizes that the maximum in-plane temperature difference of shaped CFRP parts is reduced by more than 80%. This method significantly improves the temperature uniformity of shaped CFRP parts during the multi-zone SRE heating process, which provides a potential solution for high-quality and efficient curing of CFRP parts.

Effect of Zn7Sb2O12 pre-synthesis on microstructure and properties of ZnO varistor ceramics

In this work, the Zn7Sb2O12 spinel phase is pre-synthesized at 980, 1000, 1020, 1040, and 1060 °C by mixing ZnO and Sb2O3 in a molar ratio of 7:1. ZnO varistors are prepared by replacing Sb2O3 with the Zn7Sb2O12 spinel phase. The effect of the Zn7Sb2O12 spinel on the electrical properties and microstructure of ZnO varistors is studied. The results show that Sb2O3 can produce free electrons and reduce the number of oxygen vacancies (VO⋅⋅) and grain size during the reaction process. The ZnO varistors prepared by replacing Sb2O3 with the Zn7Sb2O12 spinel phase have full grain growth and high density. In addition, ZnO varistors prepared by the Zn7Sb2O12 spinel phase replacing Sb2O3 can not only reduce the sintering temperature by 60 °C but also reduce the reverse voltage gradient rate of ZnO varistors from 7.85% to 1.2% on the basis of stable electrical properties and improve the impact stability of ZnO varistors. This method has the advantages of no change in formula composition and being a simple process and can provide ideas for the preparation of multilayer chip ZnO varistors.

Transmural voltage gradient dispersion and heterogeneity in brugada syndrome phenotype - a novel workflow for advanced mapping using endocardial unipolar electrograms J-point elevation

Abstract Funding Acknowledgements Type of funding sources: None. Background Differential action potential duration shortening across the right ventricular (RV) myocardial wall is primarily responsible for the Brugada Syndrome (BrS) phenotype [1]. To date, data on electrical substrate characterization in humans with BrS phenotype is limited and risk evaluation is still controversial. Purpose We hypothesized that Uni-JEl mapping could be used as a marker of transmural voltage gradient dispersion resulting. Our aim was to evaluate Uni-JEl mapping in defining arrhythmogenic substrates in patients with BrS phenotype. Methods 12 patients were included in our analysis. 2 normal patients provided control data and 10 asymptomatic subjects with spontaneous type-1 BrS underwent 3D RV mapping (CARTO3 System, Biosense Webster). Among BrS patients we had 3 patients with arrhythmic events (aborted sudden death or appropriate ICD therapies) during follow-up (median 56, interquartile range: 46-74 months) and 7 patients without arrhythmic events. In the former group we had 1 patient with inducibility of VT/VF during EPS (EPS+) and 2 patients non-inducibles during EPS (EPS-), in the latter group we had 3 patients with EPS+ and 4 patients with EPS-. Electrophysiological data and signals were exported and OpenEP [2] was used to convert Carto proprietary data formats into Matlab format (Fig.1). Uni-JEl was calculated for each point map as the unipolar value at J point on surface electrocardiogram. Uni-JEl values were then interpolated in Paraview to create Uni-JEl maps, interpolating data points on the mesh cell (Fig.1). Finally, a region of interest (ROI) was selected and the calculation of mean Uni-JEI (MUni-JEI, as a measure of voltage gradient dispersion), interquartile range and range (intrqUni-JEI and ∆Uni-JEI, as markers of heterogeneity of dispersion) was performed. Results are shown as mean ± standard deviation for the group of BrS patients and the actual values for the two controls. Results BrS patients showed Muni-JEl, intrqUni-JEl and ∆Uni-JEI higher than controls (2.03 mV ± 0.31 mV vs 0,82 mV and 1,1 mV, 1.90 mV ± 0.82 mV vs 1,04 mV and 1,18 mV 6.26 mV ± 1.98 mV vs 3,54 mV and 4,01 mV, respectively). BrS patients with arrhythmic events during the follow-up showed higher intrqUni-JEl and the ∆Uni-JEI respect to BrS with EPS+ and without arrhythmic events during follow-up (2.31 mV ± 0.44 mV vs 0.78 mV ± 0.11 mV and 6.69 mV ± 2.27 mV vs 3.98 mV ± 0.31 mV). Figure 2 shows some examples of calculated Uni-JEl maps for each group under study. Conclusions In this work we introduced a novel workflow for the electrical substrate characterization of subjects with BrS phenotype. The results from our preliminary analysis indicate that a higher transmural voltage gradient dispersion and heterogeneity can be found in type-1 BrS with respect to normal subjects. Voltage gradient dispersion heterogeneity could be used to better recognize high risk BrS patients regardless of VT/VF inducibility during EPS.

Evaluating the role of carbon quantum dots covered silica nanofillers on the partial discharge performance of transformer insulation

The article presents the experimental results on the role of carbon quantum dots (CQD) covered silica nanofillers on the partial discharge (PD) properties of transformer oil insulation. The improvement in PD performance of nanofiller blend oil is tested with increased voltage gradient and nanofiller concentration. PD of nanoblend oils for various concentrations of modified silica ranging from 0 to 0.1%wt was measured. PD activity of the test samples is simulated in the laboratory with needle, rod and plane electrode geometry combinations. The facets of PD signals such as PD magnitude, PD inception and time duration of PD extracted from phase-resolved partial discharge patterns were analyzed. Detailed time-frequency domain evaluation of PD pulse is carried out. The enclosure of CQD-SiO2 nanostructures has considerably improved the inception voltage up to 23% than base transformer oil and SiO2 nanofluid. Magnitude of discharge is noticeably reduced by the influence of CQD-treated SiO2 nanoparticles in mineral oil irrespective of the electrode geometry.

Enhanced Electroremediation of Metals from Dredged Marine Sediment under Periodic Voltage Using EDDS and Citric Acid

The electrokinetic remediation (EKR) method has been extensively considered for the removal of inorganic pollutants from contaminated dredged sediment. In addition, the use of chelating agents as electrolyte solutions has been beneficial in increasing the mobility of metals. This study investigated the metals’ (Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb, and Zn) mobilities by assessing the effect of two environmentally friendly chelating agents, ethylenediaminedisuccinic acid (EDDS) and citric acid (CA), in enhancing the EKR efficiency under a periodic voltage gradient. The results showed that, for the same concentration (0.1 mol L−1), CA is more suitable for enhancing the removal of Cr (67.83%), Cu (59.77%), and Pb (32.05%) by chelating and desorbing them from the sediment matrix and concentrating them in the electrode compartments. EDDS provided efficiency to improve the Cd extraction percentage (45.87%), whereas CA and EDDS had comparable improvement removal impacts on Zn EKR (39.32% and 41.37%, respectively). From the comparison with previous results obtained with a continuous voltage, applying a periodic voltage gradient associated with a low concentration of chelating agents led to a promising result.

On the investigation of electroanaesthesia in Labeo rohita under DC and PDC electric field

This study investigates electroanaesthesia under Direct Current (DC) and three low frequency Pulsed Direct current (PDC) of 1 Hz, 3 Hz and 6 Hz in Labeo rohita. All the current types in this study were effective in anaesthetizing L. rohita with fast induction and rapid recovery period in all fishes. The threshold value of voltage gradient (V cm–1) for inducing anaesthesia was higher in DC than PDCs. Opercular movements were significantly lower during anaesthesia, significantly higher one minute after recovery in all current types and reduced significantly in DC, PDC 1 Hz and PDC 3 Hz after 10 min of recovery from anaesthesia. Blood glucose level returned to the near control values after 8 hours of exposure in all current types in this study. DC sharp rise and PDC 3Hz may be preferred for inducing anaesthesia considering the recommended criteria of anaesthetic induction and recovery time. Result of this study indicates that electroanaesthesia technique with fast induction and rapid recovery may proffer a cost effective, safe and ecofriendly alternative for aquaculture activities in L. rohita.

Optimization of process conditions for effective ohmic heating of greater lizardfish (saurida tumbil) sausage via response surface methodology.

In current research, the optimization of ohmic heating on greater lizardfish (Saurida tumbil) sausage variables was carried out using response surface methodology-central composite design (RSM-CCD). The effect of process variables including voltage gradient (15-60 V/cm), time (1-15 min), and temperature (60-90°C) on the microbial properties, pH, peroxide value, water holding capacity (WHC), and cooking loss of the sausages was evaluated. The results showed that the characteristics of the sausages were dependent on the ohmic heating conditions and these properties can be modulated. As per the results, the voltage gradient and temperature has a significant effect on the total plate count (p < 0.05). The increase in voltage gradient was the most effective on pH (5.63-6.91). The interaction terms of all items had a significant effect (p < 0.05) on the peroxide value of the fish sausages. Higher amount of temperature and process time were resulted in the more cooking loss. Increasing the voltage gradient was more effective on WHC compared to the temperature. Finally, the process was optimized and the optimized condition was achieved by setting the voltage gradient at 30 V/cm, process time at 4 min, and temperature at 66 °C. Also, it was compared with conventional heating. The results were shown that the differences between the mean values of all responses were statistically significant (p < 0.05) except for pH. Therefore, ohmic method was carried out faster, with lower temperature and obtaining the highest WHC and lowest total plate count, peroxide value, cooking loss, and optimized pH. Generally, this study suggested that the ohmic heating can be used as a rapid and homogeneous cooking method for the preparation of sausages from greater lizardfish as a commercial low-valued fish.

Selection of Electrolyte Additive Quantities for Lithium‐Ion Batteries Using Bayesian Optimization

AbstractThe composition of the liquid electrolyte is a key factor in lifetime performance of lithium‐ion batteries. The selection and quantification of additives to the electrolyte is an active field of research. This study focuses on finding the optimal additive combination of fluoroethylene carbonate (FEC) and vinylene carbonate (VC) for NMC622‐Graphite cells. The central goal of this work is to accelerate the experimental search in a large search area by using a Bayesian‐optimization algorithm to guide the search. Different measurements are used as target variable such as open‐circuit voltage gradient and coulombic efficiency. Consequentially, the capability of these measurements for accelerated lifetime prediction compared to conventional ageing tests by cycling is investigated. The search gathered and confirmed additive combinations with excellent performance after four iterations with a total of 15 additive combinations analyzed. The results of this study give insights into the interaction of VC and FEC with regard to ageing.