Volodymyr University Research Articles

В. Я. Шульгін та О. Я. Єфименко: нові погляди на викладання історії у школі середини ХІХ – початку ХХ ст. (за матеріалами фонду ДНПБ України ім. В. О. Сухомлинського)

Based on the archival documents, research papers and publications kept in the holdings of V. O. Sukhomlynskyi State Scientific and Pedagogical Library of Ukraine, the life path and teaching activity of V. Ya. Shulhin (world history lecturer, the Kyiv St. Volodymyr University) and O. Ya. Yefymenko (Ukrainian history and ethnography researcher) and their contribution to the development of national textbooks are analysed. The peculiarities of methodology developed by V. Shulhin for the world history textbooks used by the Russian Empire secondary schools are described, and the scholar’s views on the organisation of educational material with regard to age peculiarities of child’s perception of information are highlighted. The biography of the scientist and teacher Oleksandra Yakivna Yefymenko and her contribution to the creation of Ukrainian history textbooks are considered. The socio-political realities on the background of which O. Yefymenko developed as a scientist are outlined, her membership in the academic community of that time is determined, and her views on Ukrainian history and the methodology of its teaching in educational institutions are characterised. A source study analysis of her Pochatkovyi pidruchnyk ukrainsko-moskovskoi istorii: dlia shkil narodnykh (Textbook on Ukrainian-Moscow history for public schools) was carried out. The originality of the textbook structure is emphasised: O. Yefymenko did not use the traditional chronological way of presenting teaching material; she stressed the effectiveness of spatio-temporal principle taking into account the peculiarities of pupils’ perception of information.

The reception of Ivan Sikorsky’s scientific studies in the West

It is generally known that the influential Kyiv researcher, professor of the St. Volodymyr University and honorary member of the Kyiv Theological Academy Ivan Sikorsky (1842–1919) made a significant contribution to the development of the psychological science of his times and gained great authority among his colleagues in the West. In recent years, many studies have been launched in Ukraine, whose authors are trying to demonstrate the relevance of his work also in terms of contemporary science. It remains unclear as to when and how he was recognized in the West, which of his colleagues he influenced in his own life, how his academic achievements are now appreciated in foreign professional circles. Trying to fill this gap, the author of the paper created Sikorsky’s personal profile on the Internet platform “Google Scholar” (“Google Academy”). This Internet-based platform is regularly used to calculate citations of the contemporary scholars and publications. However, as it has turned out, Google Scholar may also be a useful tool for the historical research. This search engine collates information on almost all of the Sikorsky’s works, including those written or translated into foreign languages and published abroad. Despite the fact that Google Scholar identified and included in its own list not all of the existing references, it nevertheless helped to reconstruct a rather large and representative bibliography. Combining the quantitative and qualitative analysis of relevant information from Google Scholar as well as such tools as Google Books, Internet Archive, JSTOR, etc. helps to clarify and substantially expand the understanding of Sikorsky’s place within the history of science and the treatment of his works in the West. As it is clearly shown in the article, he became one of the brightest domestic representatives of the leading trends in the world psychology. A significant number of Western experimental psychologists of the late nineteenth and first half of the twentieth century (including such prominent figures as Alfred Binet, Franz Boas, Edouard Claparede, Edward Thorndike, etc.) were actively referring to his pioneering researches on the phenomenon of mental fatigue in children. It is also shown that the contribution made by Sikorsky to the development of psychology and pedagogy has not been forgotten by the contemporary researchers.Article received 26.08.2018

Vasyl Tarnovsky: New Materials for the Biography

The article have been based on a little known and new documents about life and social activity Ukrainian patriot, philanthropist and museum worker V. V. Tarnovsky (1838–1899). He was born 180 years ago in Antonivka village of Poltavsky province. It was ascertain on a basis of correspondence Tarnovsky family and his friends: he got secondary education at Ennes boarding-school, studied at Main Engineer School in Sankt-Petersburg, and after than he graduated a historical philological deparment at Saint Volodymyr University in Kiev, but he hadn't final examinations. In 1857–1866 he was a manager in his father’s Estates, showed his enterprising abilities. V. V. Tarnovsky planed to build a separate house for his Museum, but it wasn’t sufficient money for it. It was be characterize the beginning of forming V. V. Tarnovsky Museum of Ukrainian antiques, its main departments and thematics. He collected T. G. Shevchenko Museum, M. I. Kostomarov Museum, P. O. Kulish Museum at the end of his life, he dreamed for Ukrainian Ossolineum. He created famous Kachanivka Park, it was his favourite work to plant a trees. V. V. Tarnovsky was a painter: he was the author of T. G. Shevchenko basrelief, Series decorative plates, his Museum exposition, drawing. The author consider that it necessary to publish V. V. Tarnovsky Museum of Ukrainian antiques Catalogues and Tarnovsky archive documents.

A Jug from Sarata

The results of the visual study of well-known and repeatedly published jag from grave no. 13 of the barrow no. 10 near Sarata village in Odesa Region are shown in the paper. The barrow was excavated by professor of the Kyiv St. Volodymyr University F.I. Knauer in 1888—1890. According to the publication of the first results of study, the localization and composition of the barrow group is specified. In the paper the burial no. 13 and the vessel which was placed behind the scull are described. The study of the decoration of Sarata jug de visu in the National Museum of History of Ukraine allows to conclude that the volutes typical for the Basarabi Culture were ending not only with curls as was previously considered but with two heads of snakes (fig. 4, 3). The volute with the snake head was filled with white paste on the right side, and with pink paste on the left. The enlargement of images suggests that the heads appeared later. They were marked by deep notches, not by a small-notched stamp by which the ornament of the vessel was spouted. The white paste filling the head of snake is more dense on the right side. These observations somewhat change the opinion on the image on Sarata vessel. Probably the images were made in different time. So, the initial decoration was engraved during the manufacture of the vessel among Culture of Basarabi. The image of the snake heads was added later. Perhaps it was done while preparing the vessel for a funerary ritual — after all the snake image had a chthonic meaning in many cultures. There was made a conclusion that the jug was decorated not with geometrical but with subject ornament. The aviability of realistic depicted heads of snakes allows recall the Scythian animal style. No one can exclude that the Sarata burial had been made just in the Early Scythian time using the vessel preserved as a relic for a long time. If such observations will receive additional arguments the burial no. 13 of the barrow no. 10 near Sarata could be included in the small group of Early Scythian burials of the Steppe zone.

Issues of Historical Demography in the Scientific Works of Mykhailo Vladymyrskyi-Budanov

The article deals with the contribution of the professor of Kyiv St. Volodymyr University Mykhailo Vladymyrskyi-Budanov to the formation of the demographical agenda of the Ukrainian historical science. The article analyzes the input of M. Vladymyrskyi-Budanov into the discussion of the 1860s–1870s concerning two theories of colonization of the south-eastern Ukrainian lands in the aftermath of the mid-13th century Tatar invasion. One of the theories maintained the idea that the ethnic composition of the Rus population changed as a result of the Turkic and Tatar blood mingling, whilst the second attributed colonization of the devastated by the Tatars Rus lands to the Polish state.Vladymyrskyi-Budanov conveyed his views on the subject in the introductions to the three volumes of the 7th part of South-Western Russia’s Archives, which contains descriptive and statistical documents regarding the south-eastern lands in the 15th–17th centuries. Relying on his profound knowledge of narrative sources and analysis of a large number of documentary sources, the historian proved that remote areas of Rus had not been totally devastated by Tatars. Vladymyrskyi-Budanov traced colonization processes in the south-eastern Ukrainian lands during the 13th–17th centuries; identified the periods of their rise and decline; established that the rulers of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and the Polish Commonwealth participated in these processes; ascertained that the authorities of these states did not appropriately protect remote Rus areas. He was the first in the Ukrainian historiography who, on the documentary basis, estimated the population of the remote counties of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and the Polish Podillia in the mid-16th century, and reasonably argued that colonization of the south-eastern lands was carried out by the Rus people (peasantry, townsfolk, and gentry) under the protection of Cossacks, who constituted a real military force and actively participated in the development of those lands.

SCIENTIFIC TRIPS OF PRIVATDOZENTS OF PRE-REVOLUTIONARY UNIVERSITIES IN UKRAINE TO HIGHER EDUCATIONAL ESTABLISHMENTS OF WESTERN EUROPE

TAMOZHSKA Iryna – PhD of Pedagogical Sciences, lecture of Ukrainian Language and Literature Department, Kharkiv State Motor Transport College, Konstytucia str., 28, Kharkiv, 61003, Ukraine (itamozska@ukr.net)ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0865-2380DOI: https://doi.org/10.24919/2313-2094.6/38.120914To cite this article: Tamozhska, I. (2018). Naukovi vidriadzhennia pryvat-dotsentiv dorevoliutsiinykh universytetiv Ukrainy do zakladiv vyshchoi osvity ta osvitnikh ustanov Zakhidnoi Yevropy [Scientific trips of privatdozents of pre-revolutionary universities in Ukraine to higher educational establishments of Western Europe]. Liudynoznavchi studii. Seriia «Pedahohika» – Human Studies. Series of «Pedagogy», 6/38, 307–318. doi: 10.24919/2313-2094.6/38.120914 [in Ukrainian].Article historyReceived: 15 November 2017Received in revised form: 10 January 2018Accepted: 15 February 2018Available online: 5 April 2018 Abstract. The modern stage of the search for the most effective ways of reforming higher education system in Ukraine requires the analysis of the domestic and foreign pedagogical experience. The key element of the successful educational model is highly-qualified staff for scientific and teaching activity. One of the ways to improve the level of educational, scientific and methodical preparation of scientific and pedagogic staff of the Ukrainian universities is the scientific trips to the educational establishments of Western Europe. The purpose of the article is to reveal the activity of privatdozents (P.D.) of the Ukrainian universities in the second half of the 19th – the beginning of the 20th century during their scientific trips to the leading educational establishments ofWestern Europe. During the scientific research the following general scientific, historical and logical methods were used: historical and geographical analysis, synthesis, abstraction, generalization and comparison.The article describes the activity of the privatdozents of the Ukrainian universities in the second half of the 19th – the beginning of the 20th century during the scientific trips to the leading educational establishments ofWestern Europe. It is found out that those scientific trips helped to improve their educational, methodic and scientific level of training. The author draws attention to the importance of implementing the achievements of leading pedagogical experience and pedagogical science of higher educational establishments of Western Europe in the practice of St. Volodymyr University (Kyiv), Novorosiysk University (Odessa) and Kharkiv University. It is indicated that international internships gave the privatdozents the right to apply for the vacant posts in universities.During their scientific trips privatdozents did not only have the opportunity to get acquainted with European scientific schools but also pursued research in modern laboratories and observatories to complete the dissertation research, prepare scientific publications (articles, books). In conclusion, the scientific trips to the leading educational establishments for the privatdozents were encouraged and organized by the administration of St. Volodymyr University,NovorosiyskUniversityandKharkivUniversityto ensure high standard of the educational process, scientific and research work. Also, the international scientific trips promoted the professional and career growth of privatdozents. Acknowledgments. Sincere thanks to pedagogical staff at Kharkiv State Motor Transport College, in particular Prof. A. Bida.Funding. The author(s) disclosed receipt of the following financial support for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article: Funding from Kharkiv State Motor Transport College permitted this research completion.

КИЇВСЬКА УКРАЇНСЬКА ГРОМАДА ТА УНІВЕРСИТЕТ СВЯТОГО ВОЛОДИМИРА: ФАБУЛА НАЦІОНАЛЬНОГО САМОВИЯВУ

This article covers the relationship between Kyiv Ukrainian community as the main formation mover of the national movement in Ukraine in the second decade of the 19 th century and the unification center for Ukrainian scientific- educational elite – St.Volodymyr University. In the context of the establishment of bourgeois society in Europe universities emerged as the main centers which impacted on formation of a national identity of citizens. They became the biggest centers of development of progressive ideas in the south-western part of the Russian Empire which made a tangible impact for its public and political life. According to the Western European example these educational institutions turned into outposts of establishments of a national idea. Due to strong mental potential in their environment the ideas were formed which stimulated self-realization of ‘distinct nations’ that lived in the areas of the Empire. Their practical application occurred both in the cultural and in the political areas. Great importance in these processes was made by Kyiv National St. Volodymyr University. The idea of political separateness as one of European nations progressed among progressive scientific-cultural sphere there. The efforts of Ukrainophiles community made the national desire meaningful by putting forward the ideas of commonwealth in the form of autonomy and then its independent Republic.

Наукова співпраця І.Я. Франка та В.М. Перетца (за епістолярними джерелами)

Important source of a research of scientific activity and cooperation between outstanding Ukrainian scientists and organizers of national scientific life at the beginning of the 20th century, I. Ya. Franko and V. M. Peretts is their correspondence. The epistolary heritage of scientists is stored in the archives of Ukraine and Russia. I. Ya. Franko and V. M. Peretts’s correspondence which is stored in Department of manuscripts and textual studies of Shevchenko Institute of literature of the NAS of Ukraine and in the Russian state archive of literature and art became a source of article. The article studies, in addition to correspondence between scientists, V. M. Peretts’ letters to P. H. Zhytetskiy and M. S. Hrushevskyi, which refers to the scientific relationship between I. Ya. Franko and V. M. Peretts. Long-term scientific cooperation and the creative relations between the ingenious Ukrainian writer, the literary critic and the specialist in drama study I. Ya. Franko and the Ukrainian and Russian philologist, the researcher of ancient Ukrainian literature V. M. Peretts are covered in article on the basis of the analysis of epistolary documents. Their activities in research on manuscripts and studies on history of the Ukrainian literature and theatre are represented in the article. The mutual respect and appreciation of scientific achievements of each other are the cornerstone of broad scientific cooperation of scientists. The article pays attention to an active position of V. M. Peretts concerning establishment departments on study Ukrainian history, literature, language, ethnography and the right at the universities of Ukraine. The scientist’s initiative of establishment the department of Ukrainian and dialectology at the St. Volodymyr University in Kyiv is displayed. The head of the department V. M. Peretts found out that I. Ya. Franko’s activity in Kyiv could contribute to the development of the Ukrainian science and education.

SCHOOL OF HISTORIANS OF ST. VOLODYMYR UNIVERSITY AT THE END OF 40`S – IN THE MIDDLE OF 60`S OF THE XIX CENTURY (TO THE HISTORYOHRAPHY OF QUESTION)

We honored the historians of St. Volodymyr University Professors P. V. Pavlov, O. I. Stavrovsky, V. Ya. Shul`gin. We analyzed the historiography of the second half of the XIX – the beginning of the XXI century which is devoted to the study of life, teaching, and scientific activity of these teachers. We proved that the period of teaching and scientific activity of P. V. Pavlov, O. I. Stavrovsky, V. Ya. Shul`gin at the St. Volodymyr University from the end of 40's till the middle of 60's of the XIX century was the time of the second period of formation of the School of Historians of the St. Volodymyr University of the XIX century. We noted that historians of the St. Volodymyr University of the XIX century P. V. Pavlov, O. I. Stavrovsky, V. Ya. Shul`gin were among the founders of Ukrainian historical education and science. We emphasized that the study of the history of the formation and development of the School of Historians of the St. Volodymyr University of the XIX century has the great importance for understanding the formation and development of University historic education and science in the XIX at the beginning of the XXI centuries in general. Keywords: P. V. Pavlov, O. I. Stavrovsky, V. Ya. Shul`gin, the second period of the formation of the School of Historians of St. Volodymyr University, the end of 40`s - the middle of the 60's of the XIX century, Kyiv.

ЖИТТЄПИС ТА НАУКОВО-ПЕДАГОГІЧНА ДІЯЛЬНІСТЬ ПРИВАТ-ДОЦЕНТА О. М. ГРЕНА

The modern pedagogic science and practice require being oriented toward the successful activities of outstanding representatives of the educational branch. The scientific and pedagogic heritage of Oleksii Mykolaiovych Hren, whose professional course and lifetime were connected with Kharkiv University and St. Volodymyr University is not examined enough up to now.The aim of the article is to reveal O. M. Hren’s scientific and pedagogic activity in the period of 1888 – 1921.The author applied the method of examining archive materials (reports of universities, periodicals, personal letters) and theoretical methods of pedagogic research (analysis, summarizing).The course of life and peculiarities of scientific and pedagogic activity of privat-associate professor of Kharkiv University and St. Volodymyr University Oleksii Mykolaiovych Hren are scrutinized in the article. It is indicated that he was the initiator of the application of a lot of courses («History of East», «Anthropology», «Kartvelian studies», «Armenian studies» and others). The attention is paid to the scientist’s editorial activity in the following periodicals: «Kyiv word», «Exhibition letter», «Child», «Moscowitian-latch» and «The Tribune». We made a conclusion that the majority of the professors of St. Volodymyr University considered his scientific concepts unacceptable. We found the archive materials that enabled to reveal the conflict situation at the historical and philological faculty that pertained to the dismissal of O. M. Hren from St. Volodymyr University.According to the carried out research it can be claimed that O. M. Hren’s scientific and pedagogic activity in the period of 1888 – 1921 is very important for the native pedagogic science.The issues of the studying scientific and pedagogical activity of privat-associate professors of Novorosiysky University at the historical and philological faculty and physical and mathematical faculty (the second half of the XIX – the beginning of the ХХ century) are considered to be perspective or the further scientific research.

Школа істориків Університету Св. Володимира: штрихи до творчого портрету Олександра Івановича Ставровського (1811–1882)

Школа істориків Університету Св. Володимира: штрихи до творчого портрету Олександра Івановича Ставровського (1811–1882)

ШКОЛА ІСТОРИКІВ УНІВЕРСИТЕТУ СВ. ВОЛОДИМИРА: МИКОЛА ІВАНОВИЧ КОСТОМАРОВ

The article is honored the personality of famous Ukrainian and Russian historian, scientist, publicist, romantic poet, thinker and public figure, one of the leaders of Cyril and Methodius Society, an archeographer, professor of St. Volodymyr University Mykola Kostomarov (1817–1885). The urgency of the study is to honor Mykola Kostomarov through the researching the period of his formation as a university lecturer and a researcher during his work at St. Volodymyr University. It is considered his activities as a university lecturer and a researcher at St. Volodymyr University from August 1846 till March 1847 during Kyiv period (1844–1847) of his life. There were analyzed Mykola Kostomarov’s memories, which he wrote in his autobiography, asvaluable sources for the study of Mykola Kostomarov as a university lecturer and a researcher at St. Volodymyr University. He remembered his colleagues and students, described the atmosphere of the University in the whole. It is examined the contents and significance of ethnographic work “Slavyanskaya Mythology”, which became a part of the lectures which he taught at St. Volodymyr University during the second half of 1846. It is noted that scientist explored the poetic views of ancestors of ancient Slavs on the nature and their perception of the world and mythology in “Slavyanskaya Mythology”. Mykola Kostomarov depicted the contents of Slavs mythology in the first part of the work. He described holidays of the Slavs-pagans in the second part and presented his thoughts the about service of the Slavs-pagans in the third part. It is emphasized that Mykola Kostomarov wrote “Slavyanskaya Mythology” on fragments of antiquity, which were preserved in folk legends, legends, fairy tales, spells, songs, beliefs, and were researched by written sources. According to Mykola Kostomarov, Slavonic peoples already had in the pagan period of their life a well-developed system of higher mythology, considerable remnants of which were preserved in later folklore of Ukrainians and Russians. Mykola Kostomarov scientifically verified this thesis, outlining his task as a research of unified system of mythology of Slavic peoples, the basis of which he had seen in worship of Sun and stars. It is emphasized that Mykola Kostomarov scientific research was in keeping with the European ethnography and folklore of the end of 18th – the middle of 19th centuries. His interest in the Slavic mythology took place in an atmosphere of enlightenment and romantic attention to the folk life and folk poetry. “Slavyanskaya Mythology” became an important step in the study of mythology in Ukraine and Russia. It is emphasized that the significance of Mykola Kostomarov scientific heritage in the development of Ukrainian and Russian historiography is very important. Mykola Kostomarov was the first scientist in the Eastern Europe, who changed the approach to the work of historian drastically. Mykola Kostomarov put the history of people in its social cultural integrity and unity of different spheres of life as the main aim of historian’s work, instead of description of events and persons. Thus, Mykola Kostomarov founded a populist direction of historiography — the populist school, the main focus of which was aimed at highlighting the history of the masses as the leading driving force of social progress. It is noted the activity of Mykola Kostomarov in the Kyiv Archeographic Commission in preparation for the publication the Chronicle of Samiylo Velychko, the most monumental Ukrainian historical and memoir prose of XVII–XVIII centuries, which together with Chronicle of Samovydets, Chronicle of Gregory Hrabianka, and “History of Rus’” formed a complex of Cossack historiography. It is analyzed memories of Mykola Kostomarov from his autobiography about his colleagues, students, and the existing atmosphere at the University in that time. It is marked that Mykola Kostomarov’s scientific achievements were commended by St. Volodymyr University. It recognized him as a doctor of history in 1864 and chosen him as an honorary member in 1884. It is proved that Mykola Ivanovych Kostomarov occupies one of the most honorable places among the representatives of the School of historians of St. Volodymyr University. It is proved that his formation as a university lecturer and a researcher, and the direction of his whole life as a citizen, a historian and a scientist were formed during his work at St. Volodymyr University. Mykola Kostomarov considered himself the Kyiv period of his life and work at St. Volodymyr University as the happiest and brightest moments of his life.

МИХАЙЛО ГРУШЕВСЬКИЙ В УНІВЕРСИТЕТІ СВ. ВОЛОДИМИРА

У статті проаналізовані праці Володимира Міяковського, Марка Антоновича та щоденникові записи студента Михайла Грушевського про період його навчання в Університеті Св. Володимира (1886–1894). Наголошується, що університетське наукове середовище сприяло формуванню його як високопрофесійного вченого і талановитого дослідника української минувшини.

Mykola Kostomarov and Ivan Lashnyukov as populist direction representatives (St. Volodymyr university historians’ scientific school)

The works of representatives of St. Volodymyr University Historians’ Scientific School Mykola Kostomarov "Slavic Mythology" and Ivan Lashnyukov "Essays on Russian historiography and history" as spokesmen of populist direction in the historiography are analyzing in the article. The article is examining how Mykola Kostomarov and Ivan Vishnyakov understood the task and the purpose of a national historian and a historical science and what they put into these concepts

St. Volodymyr university historians’ scientific school: features to the creative portrait of vasyl’ fedorovych dombrovsky

The article is devoted to the honored personality of the Ukrainian historian, scholar, Professor of St. Volodymyr University, the specialist in the study and publication of early texts, Vasyl’ Fedorovych Dombrovsky (1810-1845) and is examined his life, teaching, scientific activity and heritage, work in Kyiv Archaeological Commission in the historiography of the second half of XIX - early XXI centuries.

Profesor Aleksander Todorow Mańkowski (1868-1946) – Polak z Podola, rosyjski biały emigrant w Bułgarii, twórca Instytutu Histologii i Embriologii Uniwersytetu w Sofii

The biographical sketch devoted to Aleksander Mańkowski (1868-1946) presents and recalls the relatively less-known figure of a distinguished scientist of Polish origin, a Russian scholar, a many-year lecturer at the University of Sophia and a translator of specialist literature in the field of medicine into Bulgarian. He derived from a Podolia noble family with the Jastrzębiec coat of arms. He grew up in the Ukrainian-Moldovan borderland in relatively humble financial conditions. In order to start his university studies he took advantage of a scholarship awarded by the Bender powiat in the Bessarabian Governorate. As a person of a Roman Catholic faith, he experienced difficulties in advancing in his academic career. His numerous brothers, who like himself did not succumb to the temptation of converting into the Orthodox faith, achieved their education in schools for cadets, probably due to the material situation of their family. They served in the tsarist army as non-commissioned officers. Mańkowski lectured at the St. Volodymyr University in Kiev in 1894-1902; he was a professor at the New Russian University in Odessa in 1902-1919. In 1919 he made his way by sea away from Odessa in the Ukraine which was in revolutionary turmoil and settled in Bulgaria. In 1920-1929 he was a professor at the University of Sophia. He established the department of Histology and Embriology at the latter university; in 1930-1933 he worked at Prof. Witold Orłowski’s clinic in Warsaw. He maintained close contacts with the apostolic nuncio in Bulgaria – the archbishop Angelo Giuseppe Roncalli – the later Holy Pope John XXIII. He died in Bulgaria in 1946. His tomb was renovated in 2010 as a part of a programme conducted by the Polish Cultural and Educational Association in Bulgaria.

Chronicle and news

- The dean of the medical faculty of Kiev University informs us that the medical faculty, the Emperor of the St. Volodymyr University, according to 100 of the University Charter, announces a competition for the vacant department of surgery with a hospital clinic.