Volodymyr University Research Articles

Vilnius University professor Michał Pełka-Poliński: research of scientific work and book marks

The article examines the books of Vilnius University professor Michał Pełki-Poliński from the collection of the library of St. Volodymyr University, the collection "Library of the Volyn Lyceum", from the collection of literature in Polish of the department of library collections and historical collections of the Institute of Bibliography of the Vernadskyi National Library of Ukraine. The results of the research of Ukrainian, Polish, and Lithuanian researchers, which contain materials about the scientific activity of Michał Pełka-Poliński, are analyzed and his important role in the development of mathematical science in Lithuania and Poland is emphasized, the influence of his works on the teaching of mathematics in educational institutions of Galicia and Volyn. Information about the scientist's scientific work is provided, his scientific connections with Ukraine are noted. Bibliographical information about books authored by Polinsky from the funds of the Vasyl Stefanyk National Scientific Library of Ukraine in Lviv. His printed and handwritten works are indicated, his library work, his bibliophile preferences, and collecting achievements are highlighted. Bibliographical and historical information about books from his private library is provided and infor­mation about its history is presented. Bibliographical materials on the study and attribution of book marks on the books of Michał Pełka-Poliński are represented.

The golden era of Kyiv surgery

The article discusses the academic and university surgery in Kyiv during the 1920s. It is based on data obtained from extensive archival research and available bibliographic sources, and it highlights a specific period of the work of the Faculty Surgical Clinic of Kyiv St. Volodymyr University, which is now known as Bogomolets National Medical University. The article presents information about the lives and professional journeys of the heads and staff of the surgical clinic, including Yevhen Cherniakhivskyi, Yurii Voronyi, Vira Hedroyts, Mykola Volkovych, and Oleksii Lazurenko.

Vilnius University professor Michał Pełka-Poliński: research of scientific work and book marks

The article examines the books of Vilnius University professor Michał Pełki-Poliński from the collection of the library of St. Volodymyr University, the collection "Library of the Volyn Lyceum", from the collection of literature in Polish of the department of library collections and historical collections of the Institute of Bibliography of the Vernadskyi National Library of Ukraine. The results of the research of Ukrainian, Polish, and Lithuanian researchers, which contain materials about the scientific activity of Michał Pełka-Poliński, are analyzed and his important role in the development of mathematical science in Lithuania and Poland is emphasized, the influence of his works on the teaching of mathematics in educational institutions of Galicia and Volyn. Information about the scientist's scientific work is provided, his scientific connections with Ukraine are noted. Bibliographical information about books authored by Polinsky from the funds of the Vasyl Stefanyk National Scientific Library of Ukraine in Lviv. His printed and handwritten works are indicated, his library work, his bibliophile preferences, and collecting achievements are highlighted. Bibliographical and historical information about books from his private library is provided and infor­mation about its history is presented. Bibliographical materials on the study and attribution of book marks on the books of Michał Pełka-Poliński are represented.

Заснування Першої чоловічої гімназії у Житомирі та формування її педагогічного колективу

The purpose of the article is to analyze the prerequisites, reasons and circumstances of the establishment of one of the oldest educational institutions in Ukraine, and to characterize the quality of its teaching staff. The research methodology is based on a combination of general scientific and special historical methods and adherence to the main principles of historical research: historicism, objectivity, systematicity in the process of processing archival sources and documents and preparing conclusions. The scientific novelty is that, for the first time, a set of archival sources related to the history of the First Boys' Gymnasium in Zhytomyr has been thoroughly processed, the historiography of the problem has been characterized, and the process of the foundation and formation of this educational institution, the formation of the teaching staff, has been followed in detail. For the first time, biographical information about the teachers of the gymnasium from the initial period of its existence is presented. New archival sources were introduced into scientific circulation. Conclusions. The establishment of the First Boys' Gymnasium in Zhytomyr took place in the context of a change in the national policy of tsarism towards the Poles after the suppression of the Polish uprising of 1830-1831. By creating a network of Russian-language educational institutions, the tsarist authorities aimed to overcome Polish influence on the territory of the Volyn Governorate and implement the imperial Russification policy in the region. The Boys' Gymnasium in Zhytomyr, founded in 1833, is one of the oldest educational institutions in Ukraine and one of the first (after Kyiv and Nizhyn) to train future scientists for the newly established Kyiv University. Using the example of the First Boys' Gymnasium in Zhytomyr, we state that in the initial period of formation of gymnasium education in Ukraine, turnover of teaching staff, their flow from one educational institution to another, was characteristic. By transferring teachers from the Zhytomyr Boys' Gymnasium to St. Volodymyr University, the problem of staff shortage in the latter was solved.

ПРИЗАБУТИЙ ШЕВЧЕНКІВ ПРИЯТЕЛЬ – АНТОН АНДРІЙОВИЧ ГЛУШАНОВСЬКИЙ

Studies about Shevchenko traditionally remains one of the most priority directions of scientific studies in Ukraine. The scale of Shevchenko`s personality gives an opportunity for each of new generation of researchers to participate in the study of his iconic for Ukrainians figure and his environment. Since the formation of studies about Shevchenko, biographical studies which surrounding Kobzar, remains one of the most important directions. The article is devoted to reconstruction of Anton Andriiovych Hlushanovskyi (1815–1902) life path – one of the Shevchenkos contemporaries, who was considered as a friend of Taras Hryhorovych. Unfortunately, during recent decades, Shevchenko’s experts, have not demonstrated significant progress in the study of the figure of A. A. Hlushanovskyi. Also this thesis is confirmed by reference about him in the most authoritative publication about Kobzar – Shevchenko Encyclopedia. In return, Gogol scholars achieved certain success in studying of his biography as a contemporary of M. V. Hogol. O. Suproniuk discovered new materials in the archives of Ukraine and russian federation, which were used to write a biographical reference about Hlushanovskyi. A separate group is formed by researchers who integrate our character into the story Kyiv University. His surname is mentioned in the first stories of St. Volodymyr University (V. Ya. Shulgin and M. F. Vladimirskii-Budanov), but not as a contemporary of Shevchenko. On the pages of these publications, he becomes as one of the first graduation (1838) of the University and its syndicate. We see the task of the article in the reproduction of the most complete biography A. A. Hlushanovskyi with the help of all available materials, especially autobiographical. We hope that the information which has been made public will contribute to the intensification of the search for new documents that will help shed light on the little-known pages of the biography of T. H. Shevchenko, and on the early history of the University that now bears his name.

Повсякденне життя вищої школи Києва у роки Першої світової війни: зміни в кадровій політиці та матеріальному становищі студентів і викладачів

The purpose of the study is to continue the reconstruction of the impact of the First World War on higher education in Kyiv, using the example of St. Volodymyr University and the Kyiv Commercial Institute as the representatives of the city’s largest public and private universities. At the same time, transformations in higher education are defi ned as the fi rst indi- cator of the changes brought about by the war in the life of society. Th is intelligence specifi cally examines the new trends caused by the First World War in the state’s policy regarding higher school teachers and students, as well as the economic impact of the war on these micro-social groups. Th e research methodology is based on general and special scientifi c methods, namely: structural-systemic, the methods of analysis and synthesis, comparative-historical, problem- chronological, historical-typological, etc. Th e scientifi c novelty lies in the deepening of the study of the epochal event that initiated the latest period of history, and which is investigated here at the micro-level (which is the most productive direction of historical science) and based on previously unknown archival documents. Conclusions. It is identifi ed that the authorities of the Russian Empire increased their control over higher education at the beginning of the First World War. It manifested itself in the policy of promoting admission to higher education for persons who participated in hostilities or members of their families, as well as immigrants from the al- lied states. Instead, subjects of the enemy bloc were subject to immediate release, which was an element of the espionage policy. An anti-Semitic campaign was also launched, which was an at- tempt by the authorities to shift responsibility from themselves to the Jewish community. At the same time, the deterioration of the material standard of living of the teaching staff and especially the students was increasing, as the authorities did not care about the proper fi nancial support of the higher education institution. Th is became an important determinant of the growth of anti- government sentiments. In general, the imperial government completely neglected its subjects’ interests and basic needs, which led to its loss of support and brought its collapse closer.

З історії викладання логіки в Університеті Св. Володимира

The history of logic in Ukraine is still not sufficiently studied. Researchers, as a rule, analyze the legacy of outstanding scholars from a historical-philosophical point of view, paying attention to philosophical problems considered in their works. Logical issues are left out of consideration. One of the reasons is that a small number of original logical works have survived to this day. Besides, these are mostly archival documents, including lecture manuscripts, essays on specific issues of logic, curriculums, etc. If we consider the published works, they are mostly textbooks, some of which remain unknown to a wide circle of scholars.
 In this context, the purpose of the paper is to analyze the teaching of logic at St. Volodymyr University from 1834 until 1917. The author set four research objectives. The first is to find out what place logic took among another academic disciplines at the University. The second is to analyze and systematize information about teachers who taught logic. The third is to investigate textbooks and manuals that students used to master the logic course. The fourth is to analyze the logical curriculums used at that time. In the paper the author distinguishes the peculiarities of logic teaching at the University of St. Volodymyr; reveals the reasons why logic had been presented to students in the traditional view; answers the question, of which relevant problems to that time had impacted the teachers’ logical treatments; shows how European trends in the development of logical knowledge had been taken into account in the logic courses offered to students at St. Volodymyr University.

НЕВІДОМІ СТУДЕНТСЬКІ РОБОТИ ВИДАТНИХ ВИПУСКНИКІВ ІСТОРИКО- ФІЛОСОФСЬКОГО ФАКУЛЬТЕТУ УНІВЕРСИТЕТУ СВ. ВОЛОДИМИРА В ДРУГІЙ ПОЛОВИНІ ХІХ СТ.

The purpose of the research is to analyze the student works of outstanding graduates of the Faculty of History and Philology of St. Volodymyr University in the second half of the 19th century. Methodologically, the article is based on the principles of historicism, objectivity and systematicity. Analytical, descriptive, comparative-historical research methods and the method of historiographical analysis are used in the work. The relevance of scientific intelligence is manifested in the fact that a number of unpublished archival sources were introduced into the scientific circulation, as this made it possible to reconstruct the system of views of the students of St. Volodymyr University and to trace the influence of the scientific director on the formation of the scientific outlook. V. Ikonnikov, D. Bagaliya, P. Golubovsky, M. Hrushevskyi et al. It was found that the scientific level of student works has increased significantly since the second half of the 19th century, when practical classes were introduced at the University. The seminaries of V. Ikonnikov and V. Antonovych were very popular at the Faculty of History and Philology. It was under their guidance that the aforementioned students wrote a number of scientific studies devoted to specific problems of Ukrainian history or to the source-based analysis of certain historical works. It was noted that the works were written at an appropriate scientific level, which have not lost their scientific significance even in our time. Part of the scientific investigations prepared at the seminar classes formed the basis of future student research, which was awarded a gold medal (V. Ikonnikov, P. Hlubovskyi, M. Hrushevskyi).

Serhii Pylypenko is a "student of the revolution". The Ukrainian writer's years of study at St. Volodymyr University

Purpose: based on sources of personal origin, archival documents and historiographical achievements, to investigate the student years of study at the University of St. Volodymyr of the Ukrainian writer and public figure Serhii Volodymyrovych Pylypenko. The research methodology is based on the principles of historicism, objectivity and systematicity, which made it possible to consider the processes of development of Ukrainian higher education at the beginning of the 20th century. Relying on the deductive method and establishing cause-and-effect relationships, it was possible to analyze the impact of the scientific and educational process on the development of the personality of Serhiy Pylypenko as a representative of the Ukrainian national elite in the 1920s –1930s. Scientific novelty. For the first time in historiography. comprehensively analyzed the student years of one of the key figures of the Ukrainian cultural life of the first third of the 20th century. – Serhiy Pylypenko, as a stage in the formation of his personality and creative genius. The influence of higher education in the revolutionary years on the formation of the constellation of the Ukrainian national elite was traced through a specific anthropometric measurement. The relevance stems from the task of comprehensively defining the role and place of the representatives of the "Shooted Revival" in the development of Ukrainian cultural life in the first third of the last century during complex revolutionary and state-building processes. The formation and development of the personal and creative potential of the Ukrainian national elite dates back to the beginning of the 20th century. and requires a careful study of the synthesis of educational influence and revolutionary events on the construction of the creative layer, which later became the driving force of the Ukrainian National Renaissance. Conclusions. Sources of personal origin, "Personal file of a student of the University of St. Volodymyr Serhiy Pylypenko" and other documents covered in as much detail as possible the peculiarities of student life and the educational process in one of the most powerful educational institutions of the Kyiv region at the beginning of the 20th century. The analysis made it possible to single out both the general features of the years of "revolutionary studentship" in the 1910s, which played their role in the formation of the Ukrainian national elite as a whole, and to determine their influence on the formation of the personality of the "ploughman" of Ukrainian literature Serhiy Pylypenko.

Professor Volodymyr Opanasovych Karavaiev — surgeon, scientist and innovator

The article presents the professional and scientific path of Professor Volodymyr Opanasovych Karavaiev — the first professor of surgery, first head of the department, first organizer and first dean of the medical faculty of St. Volodymyr University, who worked at the university clinic (now Kyiv City Clinical Hospital No18).

Activity and scientific heritage of Mykhailo Maksymovych in the context of creating the worldview of the “ukrainian world” in the 19TH century

The worldview values in the views and scientific activities of the first rector of St. Volodymyr University of Kyiv, the outstanding scientist Mykhailo Olexandrovych Maksymovych, have been studied. His life path, scientific formation, breadth of scientific interests and views are considered. The circle of Maksymovych's scientific interests were natural and cosmological studies, ethnographic studies of the Ukrainian history, ethnography and folklore, philosophical work, in which he, following Hryhoriy Skovoroda, expresses the Ukrainian "philosophy of the heart". The scientist’s interest in “Little Russian” topics caused Maksymovych’s evolution towards pro-Ukrainian views. Indicative in this context is his desire to turn Kyiv University into an oasis of the Ukrainian science and culture, where talented, highly educated personalities, in particular Mykola Hohol, would teach. Those were Maksymovych's pro-Ukrainian views that influenced his exclusion from administrative and scientific positions atKyivUniversityafter his recovery. Special attention is paid to the scientific work of the researcher in the field of ethnopsychology, peculiarities of the Ukrainian characterology, and mentality. The conclusion of the scientist regarding the “submissive spirit” of Russians and the “passion, short firmness and strength of feelings” of the Ukrainian spirit is worthy of attention. Maksymovych actively participated in a philological discussion with Mykhailo Pohodin, defending the provisions on the chronological primacy and origin of the Ukrainian language since the time of princely Ukraine-Rus’, and the independence of the Ukrainian Slavic history. Based on the conducted research, an independent scientific conclusion is offered about the mission, civic position and the role of Mykhailo Maksymovych as the first rector of St. Volodymyr University of Kyiv and the scientist in the creation of the Ukrainian idea, the worldview of the "Ukrainian world" in the 19th century.

History of the Ukrainian language at the beginning of the XX century: the educational dimension

Background. The article aims at establishing the ideological, political, national, educational, and scientific processes which contributed to establishing the Ukrainian language in all spheres of usage and fostered its functional-stylistic development. The paper centers around the language socioleme, that is the history of Ukrainian speakers, readers, and writers, language researchers and those who fought for the right of Ukrainian to be the language of education and the subject of scientific study.Purpose. The article aims at highlighting the struggle for the rights of the Ukrainian language in 1905–1917, as well as some aspects of the Russian Empire language policy as regards university education in Dnieper Ukraine. The research material comprises the ideas of the then scholars and public figures, which appeared in the media at the time (predominantly in the Rada newspaper), archival documents, and gendarme papers.Methods. The article relies primarily on the descriptive method, coupled with elements of the contrastive method and the biographical analysis.Results. The struggle for the Ukrainian language rights in the realm of education began with the demand to establish native language courses at private educational institutions and an extensive Kharkiv and Odesa student campaign for the right to take courses in Ukrainian Studies. Fresh impetus was provided by Kyiv St. Volodymyr University students’ address to the academic council, appealing for the establishment of Departments of Ukrainian Studies. The Imperial University administration did not support the student initiative, which triggered a widespread debate in public and academic circles in Ukraine at the time.Discussion. Generally, up to 1917–1920 (the age of the Ukrainian Revolution) universities and other educational institutions featured no systematic annual academic courses in the Ukrainian language, its dialectal variation, or its history. At the time, Ukrainian did not function as the language of education and science in Dnieper Ukraine, nor was it an object of rigorous academic study. The Russian Empire language and national policy remained anti-Ukrainian, in disregard of the liberties declared in 1905.

The Professor G. De-Metz’s Contribution to the Development of Physical Science in Ukraine

The contribution of Professor Georgy De-Metz to the development of physical science in Ukraine is highlighted. The information about the childhood of the future scientist is given and his formation as a scientist is shown. He was extensively involved in physics under the guidance of F. Shvedov and M. Umov. The head of his master’s thesis was Professor A. Kundt. After the publication of the discovery of X-rays by Roentgen, G. De-Metz not only repeated the experiments of the German colleague, but also put new ones. In particular, he investigated the influence of various physical factors on obtaining the clear photographs of this radiation. The scientist managed to make clear pictures of frogs with an image of the internal organs. He also explored the possibility of using X-rays in medicine. In the early twentieth century, he published his first major work on radioactivity “Doctrine of the radioactivity and radioactive substances”, in which the scientist described the physical basics of radioactivity in detail. The researcher examined the radium content in water and flora from the pond of the Kyiv Botanical garden. Using the results of the studies G. De-Metz concluded that some types of living tissue were able to absorb and even concentrate radium from water and the environment. In his work “Radioactivity and the structure of matter,” not only a historical review of the development of the doctrine of radioactivity was made, but also the new experimental works of the author were represented. He analyzed 68 various minerals of uranium. G. De-Metz described the picture of the geographical distribution of radioactive minerals and identified the richest deposits of uranium ore at that time. In addition to his scientific work, the scientist was a well-known methodist. It was he who, in the 1920s, developed a method of teaching physics in institutes of Ukraine. It is reported that the scientist in a different period of time was the head of the physical department at various institutions of higher education. Moreover, he was even the Rector of the St. Volodymyr University, Kyiv Polytechnic Institute, and Kuban University.

Развитие анестезиологии в Украине: путь от искусства к науке

Историю хирургии можно разделить на два основных этапа: до 1846 года и после него. В этой работе авторы представили в хронологическом порядке основные этапы развития анестезиологии в Украине, сосредоточив внимание на врачах, которые впервые проводили хирургические вмешательства под общим и местным обезболиванием. В 1846 году по инициативе В.А. Караваева и А.П. Вальтера, учеников Н.И. Пирогова, при Киевском университете была организована комиссия по изучению влияния эфира на организм. Исследовав в эксперименте влияние эфира на животный организм, В.А. Караваев 18 февраля 1847 года сделал первую в Киеве операцию под эфирным наркозом. Вторую в Украине операцию под эфирным наркозом выполнил Т.Л. Ванцетти в Харькове 28 февраля 1847 года. А уже к концу 1847 года хлороформный наркоз в Киеве применил В.А. Караваев. В 1871 году в Харькове В.Ф. Грубе выполнил первую операцию под наркозом закисью азота. В 80–90-е годы XIX века в хирургическую практику широко внедряются методы местной и проводниковой анестезии кокаином. Украинские хирурги были пионерами местной анестезии. В 1886 году киевский хирург А.И. Лукашевич провел на себе и на других здоровых людях опыты по применению проводниковой анестезии. Выпускник медицинского факультета Киевского университета Св. Владимира В.Ф. Войно-Ясенецкий в Санкт-Петербурге в 1915 году издает монографию «Регионарная анестезия», иллюстрированную автором. В послереволюционный период обезболиванию уделяют все больше внимания, количество хирургов, проводящих операции с обезболиванием, растет в геометрической прогрессии. Возникает потребность в постоянном надзоре за состоянием пациента и в медперсонале, который будет его проводить. Это и было началом формирования анестезиологии как науки и отдельной специальности.

РОЗВИТОК ШКОЛИ ДЕЛІКТНОГО ПРАВА В УНІВЕРСИТЕТІ СВЯТОГО ВОЛОДИМИРА – КИЇВСЬКОМУ НАЦІОНАЛЬНОМУ УНІВЕРСИТЕТІ ІМЕНІ ТАРАСА ШЕВЧЕНКА

The paper deals with a research of Tort law school development in St. Volodymyr's University – Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv. The purpose of the research is to analyse the development of the Tort law school and to study the main trends and key directions of the development. The author applied lots of different research methods, among which were historical and legal method (for the analysis of the works from the past), analysis and synthesis (for stating the peculiarities of the research approaches in different studies' periods). Also, such methods as philosophy methods (dialectic and hermeneutic), general research methods (systemic and structural-functional), general logic methods (induction and deduction, analogy, abstraction, generalization, formalization, and modelling) were used. The topic of civil torts was interesting for the researchers from Kyiv University law school any time while the depth of interest and research approaches differed depending on the historical period. Before the revolution of 1917 the researchers mostly looked on the torts as on the type of civil obligation and the reward for damage caused. No one treated the torts from the standpoint of a type of civil liability at that time. The Soviet period of the Tort law School development was characterized by a change of the research vector. The researchers started focusing on civil torts as liability rather than civil obligations. Tort liability is a type of civil liability and the latter is a type of legal liability. That causes a regime when the researchers (some well-known names of that time are: Gennadiy Matveev, Yuriy Matveev, Dina Bobrova, Yaroslavna Shevchenko etc.) mostly analyse civil tort as a civil liability. They focused their attention on the foundations and the conditions of tort liability. Precisely at that time, the theory of "civil wrong compound" as the main foundation of civil liability appeared. Independent Ukraine spawned a new pleiad of researchers whose research interest was civil torts. Modern civil law doctrine started refusing the understanding of civil tort as a type of civil liability. It comes back to the tort as a type of obligation. Moreover, modern researchers look on the tort's issues much wider – through the prism of legal regulation mechanism. Constantly, modern researchers of Taras Shevchenko National University Law School pay great attention to the new topical spheres of torts, particularly to non-pecuniary damage compensation, damage compensation caused by the State and State agencies and product liability together with digital product liability. Keywords: tort, civil liability, damage compensation, history of legal research, scientific school.

Questions of the laws and customs of war in the works of representatives of the Kiev school of international law of the XIX – early XX centuries)

This article explores the contribution of scientists, who’s scientific and teaching activities were associated with the Department of International Law of the University of St. Volodymyr in Kiev, in the development of problems of the law of war. In the XIX century began the process of codification of laws and customs of war, which is carried out in two directions – the protection of war victims (i.e., the Geneva law, which began with the Geneva Convention for the Amelioration of the Condition of the Wounded in Armies in the Field 1864) and legal regulation of limits on methods and means of waging war (i.e. the Hague Law, which began with documents such as the Liber Code 1863, the St. Petersburg Declaration Renouncing the Use, in Time of War, of Explosive Projectiles Under 400 Grammes Weight 1868 and the draft Brussels Declaration Concerning the Laws and Customs of War 1874), which eventually led to adoption of the Hague Conventions of 1899 and 1907. It is not surprising, therefore, that the international legal doctrine of the nineteenth century in many countries has paid considerable attention to the study of issues related to the laws and customs of war. International lawyers, whose scientific activity was connected with St. Volodymyr's University in Kyiv, were no exception. All of them have published works on the general question of the relationship between war and international law, or the legal regulation of limits on methods and means of waging war and protecting the victims of war. This topic also dominates in their dissertation research, in particular the dissertation pro venia legendi by R. Baziner, master's dissertation by N. Rennenkampf, master's and doctoral dissertations by O. Eikhel’man and P Bogaevskii. Among the topics that were the subject of scientific research of pre-revolutionary Kyiv international lawyers can be identified general issues of the relationship between war and international law (V. Nezabitovskii), the law of naval warfare, in particular the inviolability of private property during naval war (N. Rennenkampf, R. Baziner), legal status of prisoners of war (O. Eichelman), rights and responsibilities of the occupying state (O. Eikhel’man), legal issues of the Red Cross (P. Bogaevskii), legal content and history of adoption Geneva Convention for the Amelioration of the Condition of the Wounded in Armies in the Field of August 22, 1864 (P. Bogaevskii).

Cooperation in Scholarship and Education Areas between Kyiv Theological Academy and St. Volodymyr University in Kyiv

Cooperation in Scholarship and Education Areas between Kyiv Theological Academy and St. Volodymyr University in Kyiv

MUSEUMS IN KYIV (1830'S - 1919): FORMATION, DEVELOPMENT, TRANSFORMATION DURING THE REVOLUTION

The article analyzes the formation and development of Kyiv museums during the imperial period, as well as the transformations, that took place in this field during the revolutionary period (1917 - 1919). The article deals with the history of museums through the prism of analyzing the contribution of central and local authorities to the development and further activities of museum institutions. The influence of the state authorities and the Ukrainian national movement on the development of museums is considered in the example of the largest Kyiv museums. Museums have played an essential role in the formation of collective memory, memory policy, the nation-building processes et cetera. During the study period in European countries, national museums were opened. As P. Aronsson and G. Elgenius mentioned, «The national museum is thus a knowledge-based socio-political institution, with corresponding collections and displays that ultimately claim, articulate and represent dominant national values and myths». This article examines the potential of Kyiv museum institutions to become Ukrainian national museums. Kyiv during the imperial period was an important centre of Russian culture and power. For imperial authorities, Kyiv was the administrative centre of the Southwestern region, the city from which Christianity spread, the centre of Russification of Ukrainian territory et cetera. At the same time, Kyiv was the centre of the Ukrainian movement in the Russian Empire. The Ukrainian activists could perceive this city in a completely different way – as a historic capital. For the Ukrainian intelligentsia of the Russian Empire, museum institutions had great potential in the study of the history and culture of Ukrainian lands. The first museums in Kyiv were opened at St. Volodymyr University in the 1830s. The most significant museums in the city were the Church-Archeological Museum at the Kyiv Theological Academy and the Kyiv City (Art, Industrial and Scientific) Museum There was no purposeful state museum policy in the Russian Empire. At the same time, the imperial and local authorities had an influence on the creation of museum institutions and their further development (mostly through funding). From the point of view of imperial power, which acted in a particular paradigm of non-recognition of Ukrainians as a separate people, Kyiv museums were supposed to be “Russian”, followed by, or should be followed by, authorities of all levels. However, supporters of the Ukrainian national movement, occupying official positions, used the museums for their purposes, finding opportunities to involve local authorities and patrons. The city's museums operated under different signage, but they had the potential to become Ukrainian national museums, most of all the Kyiv City Museum. This museum has evolved accordingly, thanks to scholars associated with it. In 1917 - 1919 the situation in the city changed. Ukrainian state entities - the UNR and the Ukrainian state, of course, had completely different views on the development of the Ukrainian nation and sought to implement the "Ukrainian project" by creating their state. History and culture were now an essential lever of legitimizing the new government, which, thanks to the influence of the Ukrainian intelligentsia, understood the possibilities of the museum industry. The Ukrainian National Museum had a crucial role in this process. There was no doubt that it should be based in Kyiv, the capital of Ukraine.

Етичні ідеї Георгія Івановича Челпанова: до історії університету Св. Володимира

The article examines the ethical ideas in the creative heritage of H.I. Chelpanov, a Professor at St. Volodymyr University, a well-known scientist at the time, the founder of scientific institutions, who actively promoted the spread and deepening of philosophical culture among students and popularized topical ethical issues in public. Although the scientist paid more attention to psychology, it goes unnoticed that moral issues remain cross-cutting in all his works: articulation on the basis of ethics for other fields of scientific knowledge is obvious. H.I. Chelpanov's research interest was mainly focused on the problem of free will, which seems to be dominant in his ethical interests and the definition of value foundations in the vision of human life. According to the scientist, justifying the free will of man in a causally dependent world is extremely difficult and, at the same time, extremely important for the recognition of the highest values of humanity. In his view of free will, the decisive factor is not its causality but human responsibility for his\her actions. The solution of the free will problem for H.I. Chelpanov was possible only in the sphere of morality. Only from this position could free will be protected with the preservation of the original content. Because the problem of free will is solved for moral purposes, it can be solved regardless of whether the issue of causality is resolved. Freedom of will, therefore, he deduced from the sense of responsibility. H.I. Chelpanov not only justified the existence of free will, but also reflected on the ways to achieve it, because, in his opinion, freedom of will is not an original gift, but emerges as a result of hard work of the individual, which, in turn, opens opportunities to change and improve the personality, if desired. H.I. Chelpanov was an implacable opponent of the great European "pessimists" – A. Schopenhauer and E. Hartmann, defended the groundlessness of fatalistic predictions about the moral development of both the individual and humanity as a whole.

ШЛЯХ В.М. ПЕРЕТЦА ДО УНІВЕРСИТЕТУ СВЯТОГО ВОЛОДИМИРА В КИЄВІ: ЕПІСТОЛЯРНИЙ ДИСКУРС (до 150-річчя від дня народження вченого)

The article, based on the analysis of archival documents, highlights the motives that prompted the philologist, slavist, researcher of ancient Ukrainian literature and language Volodymyr Peretts to move from St. Petersburg to Kyiv. The process of election of a scientist to the position of Professor of the Department of Russian Language and Literature of Saint Volodymyr University in Kyiv is reflected. The source of the study are Volodymyr Peretts’s letters to the Ukrainian historian of literature, linguist, teacher and public figure P. Zhytetskyi and slavist, philologist, Dean of the History and Philology Faculty of Saint Volodymyr University in Kyiv T. Florinskyi which are stored in the Institute of Manuscripts of V. I. Vernadsky National Library of Ukraine. The article concludes that the main reason for moving of Volodymyr Peretts’s to Kyiv became a scientific interest of the scientist in the history of ancient Ukrainian literature. A talented teacher and good organizer Volodymyr Peretts also planned to encourage students for exploring Ukrainian literature. Peretts’s election as the Professor of Saint Volodymyr University in Kyiv was a tribute to the scientific achievement and pedagogical talent of the scientist. The article draws attention to the fact that the pedagogical activity of Volodymyr Peretts in Kyiv’s educational institutions has not been studied. Studying the teaching activity of a scientist in the Kyiv period of life has certain scientific perspectives.