Volleyball Coaches Research Articles

Mental toughness and self-confidence of volleyball extracurricular participants: a study of gender differences

There are four aspects that need to be considered in a volleyball game, namely: physical, technical, tactical, and mental. The search for better results in sport, regardless of the discipline, pushes many athletes to their physical and mental limits. This study aims to identify differences in mental toughness and self-confidence in volleyball extracurricular participants based on male and female gender, and which one is better. This research is a comparative study. The population in this study were extracurricular volleyball participants in five high schools totaling 154 students (89 male, 65 female) with an average age of 16-19 years selected randomly. Control group, namely men and women totaling 62 students. The instrument used is a questionnaire. Data analysis technique using ANOVA test. The level of statistical significance was set at p-value <0.05. The results of this study found evidence that the mental toughness (F-value of 12.124 and p-value of 0.000 <0.05) and self-confidence (F-value of 17.637 and p-value of 0.000 <0.05) of male volleyball extracurricular participants are better than female, so it is hoped that volleyball coaches can use it as one of the considerations for developing development strategies so that mental toughness and self-confidence are better.

The influence of imagery on the accuracy of men's volleyball athletes' jump services

Problems: Problems in study This is Athletes often pay little attention to their psychological training methods, because they think that service is not that important, therefore imagery training is very important and is the solution in this research. Purpose: Internal goal study This is to know influence exercise imagery against accuracy service jump volleyball athlete​ son. Methods: Research This use method quantitative with approach experiment one group pre-test post-test design. Result: Research results show that exercise imagery give influence to accuracy volleyball athlete's service jump son by 26%. Conclusion: The implementation of appropriate and consistent imagery training has been proven effective in enhancing the accuracy of jump serves among male volleyball athletes. It is therefore recommended that volleyball coaches incorporate sustained imagery training into their training programs.

Examining the Relationship Between Narcissistic Personality Traits and Self-Efficacy Levels of Volleyball Coaches

This research aims to examine the narcissistic personality traits and self-efficacy levels of volleyball coaches in terms of different variables and to determine the relationship between these two variables. The sample group of this research consisted of a total of 277 volleyball coaches, 71 female and 206 male. Survey model was used in the research. Narcissistic Personality Inventory and Coach Competence Scale-II, along with the Personal Information Form, were used as data collection tools. The data obtained as a result of the research were analyzed in the SPSS.22 package program. In the data analysis process, descriptive statistics, t-test for independent groups in pairwise group comparisons, one-way analysis of variance ANOVA in comparing multiple groups, and pearson correlation test were applied to examine the relationship between narcissistic personality trait and self-efficacy level. Additionally, Post-Hoc tests were used to determine the direction of the difference between groups. According to the findings of the research, it was determined that the narcissistic personality traits and self-efficacy levels of volleyball coaches were above the medium level. It has been observed that the narcissistic personality traits of volleyball coaches do not differ according to gender, educational status, coaching year and coaching category variables. It was observed that the self-efficacy levels of volleyball coaches did not differ according to gender, educational status, coaching year, and coaching category variables. As a result, it was determined that there was a weak and positive relationship between narcissistic personality traits and self-efficacy levels of volleyball coaches.

Coaching dynamics in elite volleyball: The role of a need-supportive and need-thwarting coaching style during competitive games

Grounded in Self-Determination Theory, this game-to-game study among Flemish volleyball coaches and athletes had two primary objectives. First, we examined how variations in need-supportive and need-thwarting coaching styles related to variations in athletes’ basic psychological needs, motivation, and coach-rated performance. Second, we examined whether athletes who perceived their coach as need-thwarting during a specific game would experience different outcomes based on the overall need-supportive or need-thwarting coaching style they encountered across games. Linear mixed modeling on data from 190 elite volleyball athletes (Mage = 23.95, 32.6 % male) and their 26 coaches (Mage = 48.12, 95.7 % male) indicated positive associations between game-specific need-supportive coaching and athletes’ reports of game-specific basic psychological need experiences and motivation, as well as coach-rated performance, whereas game-specific need-thwarting coaching showed opposite trends. Athlete perceptions of a coaching style were more predictive of the outcomes than coach perceptions. Second, the lack of systematic cross-level interactions between game-specific coaching and team-level coaching indicated that the observed correlates of game-specific need-thwarting and need-supportive coaching hold regardless of the perceived overall need-thwarting or need-supportive style of the coach across games.

Validity and reliability of the volleyball serve accuracy-test

This study aimed to examine the content, face, and sensitive validity, and test-retest reliability of a volleyball overhand serve accuracy-test. Four experts – university professors evaluated the content validity; 50 volleyball coaches, teachers, and athletes were enrolled in the face validity. Thirty-three undergraduate students (18 experienced and 15 novices) participated in the study to assess the test capability to detect different performance levels. The sensitive validity was examined by comparing differences in the serving accuracy among experience levels using the t-test for independent samples. A cluster analysis (hierarchical cluster) was conducted using the between-groups linkage method and the Euclidean quadratic distance measure. The test-retest reliability was analysed using intraclass correlation coefficients and the standard error. Satisfactory results were found for experts’ agreement regarding the test’s accuracy and content validity. Face validity was adequate regarding clarity, pertinence, and applicability (78% to 86% of agreement). A high degree of test-retest reliability was observed for both novices (ICC = 0.81) and experienced (ICC = 0.84) participants; experienced group (p = .001) had higher means. The volleyball serve accuracy-test is a viable alternative to assess beginners’ performance in a teaching-learning context.

The motor response and its relationship to the accuracy of the performance of the high preparation skill in volleyball for juniors


 Introduction and the importance of the research: The development of the player's motor response represents the main goal that the coach seeks to achieve in the physical preparation period The Plane . Research problem: In view of the lack of scientific studies that are concerned with studying the skill of high numbers in volleyball and as a result of the use of traditional educational methods that did not take into account the development of the player's ability to respond to the movement leading to the development of the level of accuracy in skillful performance. Research objectives : To identify the correlation between the motor response and the accuracy of performing the high preparation skill in volleyball for juniors. Research hypotheses: There is a significant correlation between the motor response and the accuracy of the high numbers of junior volleyball players. The human field: the juniors of the Maysan volleyball team (2022). The researcher used the descriptive approach due to its suitability to the nature and objectives of the research. The research community and sample are the well-trained players of the Maysan youth national team.. Presenting and analyzing the results of the pre and post tests of the two research groups and discussing them. Discussing the results of the post-test for the two groups under discussion in the tests of the accuracy of the high preparation of junior volleyball. Conclusions and Recommendations: Conclusions: The experimental group achieved better results in the physical and skill tests than the control group under study. Recommendations: The researcher recommends the need to adopt the special educational approach in developing the motor response by volleyball coaches. The researcher recommends the need to adopt the special educational curriculum in developing the motor response by volleyball coaches.
 

Is There a Relationship Between Birth Quartile and Vertical Jump Performance Among Young Male Elite Volleyball Athletes?

Vertical jump is an important skill that influences volleyball performance. In this study, we analyzed the relationship between vertical jump performance and birth quartile of Brazilian male youth volleyball players. We calculated chi-square goodness-of-fit tests to compare the athletes' birthdate distributions in quarters of their birth years (Q1, Q2, Q3, and Q4) according to player age categories (U17, U18, U19, and U21). We calculated one-way ANOVAs to compare spike jump and block jump heights of players born in different quarters of the same year. Overall, we found a relative age effect (i.e., more players with birth dates early in the birth year) in U17 (p < .001), U18 (p < .001), U19 (p < .001), and U21 (p = .04). Regarding vertical jump performance, U18 athletes born in Q2 reached higher spike jump heights (p = .006) and block jump heights (p = .002) than athletes born in Q4, and U19 athletes born in Q1 reached higher block jump heights than athletes born in Q3 (p = .049). There were no significant differences in vertical jump performance across birth quartiles among U17 and U21 athletes. Thus, a relative age effect was present in all age categories but not always reflected in vertical jump performance. Volleyball coaches and policymakers are still advised to employ strategies to ensure fairer opportunities for players born later in the year of their eligibility dates, as we found RAE to be sometimes, but not always, related to higher spike or block jump heights even among these older adolescents and young adult athletes.

A68: Volleyball Coaches' Leadership Behaviors and Athletes' Competition Anxiety

Purpose: Volleyball is not only a contest between technical and tactical levels, but also a duel between psychological and tactical aspects. Coaches' leadership behaviors play a key role in athletes' trust, team effectiveness and competition status. Coaches' leadership behaviors, as perceived from the athletes' perspective, have a greater impact on athletes' competition anxiety than the actual leadership behaviors of coaches. The purpose of this study was to examine how athletes perceived the possible role of coaches' leadership behaviors on college men's volleyball players' competition anxiety and the possible mediating effect of athletic self-confidence in it was examined. Methods: 216 athletes from 18 teams in the Men's Preliminary Volleyball Event of the Fourteenth Student Games of the People's Republic of China in 2020 were selected for the study. The questionnaire contained the Coaches' Leadership Behavior Scale, the Sports Competition State Anxiety Scale-2, and the Sports Self-Esteem Scale. The data collected were tested for reliability and validity and factor analysis using SPSS25.0 statistical software; structural equation model construction, goodness-of-fit tests, validation factor analysis and mediating effect tests were conducted using AMOS22.0 software. Results: (1) Positive feedback behavior by coaches had a significant negative effect on competition anxiety (standardized path coefficient of -0.205) and sport confidence mediated the effect value between the two -0.098 (32.3% of the total effect); (2) Socially supportive behavior had a significant negative effect on competition anxiety (standardized path coefficient of -0.294) and sport confidence mediated the effect value between the two -0.163 (35.7% of the total effect); (3) Coaches' authoritarian behavior had a significant positive effect on athletes' competition anxiety (standardized path coefficient 0.090). Sport confidence mediated the effect value between the two 0.059 (39.6% of the total effect); (4) Athletes' perceived training instructional behaviors had a significant negative effect on competition anxiety (standardized path coefficient of -0.261) and sport confidence mediated the effect value between the two -0.339 (56.5% of the total effect). Conclusion: (1) Among the five dimensions of athletes' perceived coaches' leadership behaviors, college men's volleyball athletes' perceived coaches' training guidance behaviors, social support behaviors, and positive feedback behaviors significantly reduced their own competition anxiety status, but the degree of impact varied; (2) the pathway of athletic self-confidence of college men's volleyball athletes' impact on competition anxiety was verified, and it was found that athletic self-confidence significantly reduced athletes' competition anxiety to a greater extent; (3) sport self-confidence partially mediated the relationship between athletes' perceived positive feedback behaviors from coaches, training guidance behaviors, social support behaviors and authoritarian behaviors and athletes' competition anxiety.

Examining the Predictive Power of Emotional Intelligence on Coaching Success

Emotional intelligence (EI) is recognized as an indicator of success, yet little research has examined the role of EI in coaching success. This cross-sectional study assessed the power of EI in predicting coaches’ career winning percentage in 277 head collegiate coaches including 51 basketball and 226 volleyball coaches. Coaches were on average 41.47 years old (SD = 9.68), had 12.17 years of head coach experience (SD = 9.40), and a career winning percentage of 50.67% (SD = 16.5). Coaches completed an online questionnaire including the Assessing Emotions Scale, which was used to assess their EI. Career winning percentage was calculated by extracting data from institutional websites and NCAA databases. Regression analyses revealed EI was not a significant predictor of coaching success when all coaches were analyzed together, F(4, 272) = 0.7504, p = .5585. However, when examined separately, EI was a significant predictor of basketball coaches’ success, F(4, 46) = 2.678, p = .0433, but not volleyball coaches’ success, F(4, 221) = 0.363, p = .0835. Thus, the current body of evidence indicates EI has a nonuniform impact on coaching success. While acknowledging sample size limitations, these novel findings nevertheless indicate that EI may disproportionally influence the coaching process and downstream success by sport.

The Impact of Transformative Leadership Behaviors of Volleyball Coaches on Team Performance in Higher Education Institutions in China

The Impact of Transformative Leadership Behaviors of Volleyball Coaches on Team Performance in Higher Education Institutions in China

How can coaches tailor the coaching practices to scaffold players’ learning development? An insider action-research study in youth volleyball team

ABSTRACT Through an insider action-research (AR) design, this study explored how a volleyball coach applied different pedagogical strategies to scaffold players' technical skills acquisition and tactical understanding. Also, it was investigated how scaffolding procedures impacted on players’ learning development. Fifteen female players and one head-coach – who undertook a dual role of coach-researcher – participated in this study. Three AR-cycles were completed, lasting a full competitive season. Coach’s insights were documented using reflexive diary and field notes, while the players’ insights were recorded through focus-group interviews. Data were examined using thematic analysis and following an inductive approach during each AR-cycle to inform the subsequent. Findings emphasised the interplaying of scaffolding components (i.e. contingency, fading, transfer of responsibility) to support learning development. This study innovates by demonstrating when, how and why the coach shifted among guidance- and discovery-based support, considering players’ response to the practice structuration, context characteristics, and competitive moment.

Voleybol Antrenörlerinin Psikolojik İyi Oluş Düzeyleri İle Öz Yeterlik Düzeyleri Arasındaki İlişkinin İncelenmesi

Bu araştırmada voleybol antrenörlerinin psikolojik iyi oluş düzeyleri ile öz yeterlik düzeylerinin farklı değişkenler açısından incelenerek bu iki değişken arasındaki ilişkinin belirlenmesi amaçlanmaktadır. Bu araştırmanın örneklem grubunu 72 kadın, 138 erkek olmak üzere toplam 210 voleybol antrenörü oluşturmuştur. Araştırmada tarama modeli kullanılmıştır. Veri toplama aracı olarak Kişisel Bilgi formu ile birlikte, Psikolojik İyi-Oluş Ölçeği ve Antrenör Yeterlilik Ölçeği-II kullanılmıştır. Araştırma sonucunda elde edilen veriler SPSS.22 paket programında analiz edilmiştir. Verilerin analizi işleminde betimleyici istatistikler, ikili grup karşılaştırmalarında bağımsız gruplar için t testi, çoklu grupları karşılaştırmada tek yönlü varyans analizi ANOVA, öz yeterlik ile psikolojik iyi oluş arasındaki ilişkiyi incelemek için pearson korelasyon testi uygulanmıştır. Ayrıca gruplar arasındaki farkın yönünü belirlemek için Post-Hoc testleri kullanılmıştır. Araştırmada elde edilen bulgulara göre voleybol antrenörlerinin psikolojik iyi oluş ve öz yeterlik düzeylerinin orta seviyenin üstünde olduğu belirlenmiştir. Voleybol antrenörlerinin psikolojik iyi oluş düzeylerinin cinsiyet, yaş, antrenörlük kademesi ve eğitim durumu değişkenlerine göre farklılaşmadığı ancak gelir durumu değişkenine göre farklılaştığı gözlenmiştir. Voleybol antrenörlerinin öz yeterlik düzeylerinin cinsiyet, yaş, antrenörlük kademesi, gelir durumu ve eğitim durumu değişkenlerine göre farklılaşmadığı gözlenmiştir. Sonuç olarak öğretmenlerin psikolojik iyi oluş düzeyleri ile öz yeterlik düzeyleri arasında zayıf düzeyde ve pozitif yönlü ilişki olduğu tespit edilmiştir.

Comparison of Rally Length between Women and Men in High-Level Spanish Volleyball.

The aim of this study was to evaluate whether the rally length in high-level Spanish volleyball was longer in women than in men. A total of 1,786 rallies were observed: 792 for women and 994 for men. The recorded variables were match (quarter-final 1, quarter-final 2, semi-final 1, semi-final 2, final), gender (men, women), rally length (seconds), pseudo-rally (no, yes), and terminal event (ball out of sight, ball in/out, fault). Different non-parametric statistical techniques were used to compare the rally length between groups or subsets of data, i.e., the Kruskal-Wallis H test, the Mann-Whitney U test, quantile regression, and survival analysis. The mean and median rally length was significantly and slightly longer in women than in men. The rally length difference between genders was barely 1 s in quantile 0.5 or median, while in quantile 0.95, it was just over 4 s. In women, the probability of ending the rally at 3.9, 5.1, 10.2, and 43.9 s (at 4.4, 6.3, 11.6, and 43.9 s without pseudo-rallies) was 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100%, respectively. In men, the probability of ending the rally at 3.2, 4.3, 7.9, and 29.1 s (at 3.9, 4.8, 8.8, and 29.1 s without pseudo-rallies) was 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100%, respectively. These temporal thresholds can help volleyball coaches to train their players in a coherent manner.

A combination of split jumps and short sprints to increase the volleyball athletes’ leg muscle power and agility

pplying the right training methods can lead to optimal athlete performance. The use of one training method is common, and the use of a combination of two training methods is something new in training. The purpose of this study was to reveal the effectiveness of the combination of split jump training as a plyometric exercise with short sprint training on the leg muscle power capacity and agility of volleyball players. The research method in this research is a quasi experiment involving 40 samples (age: 20.85 ± 0.89 years, height: 178.69 ± 6.51 cm, and weight: 72.47 ± 8.02 kg). This study used a modified randomized pre-test and post-test design without a control group. The population of this study were volleyball players at Universitas Pendidikan Ganesha (Undiksha). Purposive sampling was chosen to determine the sample, namely 40 male student players.The sample was given training combining split jumps with short sprints for 4 weeks with details of 12 training sessions (3 times a week). The Jumpa DF and agility t-test were chosen as instruments to measure leg muscle power and agility. The collected data was analyzed using a paired t-test with a significance level of 5%. Before testing the hypothesis, start by testing the normality of the data using the Kolmogorov-Smirnova test and the homogeneity of the data using Levene’s with the help of SPSS 16.0. The results achieved show that there is a significant influence on the leg muscle power (sig 0.05) and agility (sig 0.05) of volleyball players. Based on the results of this data analysis, it can be concluded that the combination of split jump and short sprint training for 4 weeks has a significant effect on the results of leg muscle power and agility in male volleyball players. Seeing the findings above, it is hoped that volleyball coaches can apply this training method, specifically in the pre-competition phase, which requires a short time to improve leg muscle strength and agility at the same time.

Cultural Differences and Coaching Styles of Physical Education Teachers in Hong Kong and Indonesia

The purpose of this study is to make a comparison between training culture in the perspective of digital technology and the approach of middle and upper volleyball coaches in Hong Kong and Indonesia to get reflection or feedback, as well as recommendations from the research results obtained for improvement. the quality of coaches in both countries. Comparative study research method with a questionnaire instrument. Data analysis used t test, or different test. The sample used in this study is a purposive sample from the two countries with the subject being a volleyball coach who practices at high school or equivalent. Data analysis was carried out by comparing the average differences in respondents' answers regarding the use of digital technology and training culture and training style between the two countries. The higher the average, the better the culture and style of training in a country. Data normality analysis with Kolmogorov-Smirnov and Homogeneity with Lavene's Test. The research subjects were 85 high school volleyball extracurricular coaches in Indonesia, and 22 coaches from Hong Kong. The findings of the research results Sig.(2-tailed) value (0.038 0.05) there is a significant difference between the culture and coaching style of volleyball coaches in Indonesia and coaches in Hong Kong. There are significant differences between culture and coaching styles in the context of digital technology in volleyball practice in Indonesian and Hong Kong high schools.

Pelatihan Manajemen Olahraga Bola Voli bagi Pelatih di Kabupaten Sleman

The game of volleyball is the number one sport of choice in society, therefore this sport needs to be packaged properly. The purpose of this community service is to provide education to volleyball coaches in Sleman district about volleyball sports management. Methods of community service with lectures and direct discussions. The target audience for this community service are 20 volleyball coaches. The expected knowledge from the results of this service is that activity participants have increased knowledge about volleyball sport management. Place of dedication at the "Parto" Kaliurang Sleman food stall. The instrument for exploring the trainer's knowledge uses a Google form with 10 question items. The results of the dedication show an increase in the knowledge of volleyball coaches in Sleman about volleyball sport management with an average score of: 54, increasing to a score of: 70.5. In conclusion, the trainer's knowledge of management concepts, training camp management and volleyball training management needs to be continuously improved. The outputs in this community service are Institutional Agreements (IA) and published community service journal articles. Community service needs to be carried out further to provide better education for volleyball coaches on a wider scale

An Investigation of Volleyball Extracurriculars Coaches’ Interpersonal Communication Knowledge

Communication is very important in the training process. The trainers are not only requiring good knowledge but also good communication skills. This study aimed to determine the interpersonal communication knowledge level based on gender, age, coaching experience, and background. The research method was a quantitative approach with descriptive and comparative statistics with percentage techniques. The research samples were 27 volleyball coaches in junior high school extracurriculars (20 males and 7 females aged 36.37 ± 8.56 years old). The instrument in this study was developed to measure the coaches’ interpersonal communication knowledge. The results showed that there are significantly different in coaches’ interpersonal communication knowledge based on the age groups and coaching experience groups (p value &lt;0.05). Coaches in the oldest group (&gt; 40 years old) has the highest score compared with other groups (83.00 ± 6.75). Furthermore, coaches who have experience in coaching more than 20 years also achieve the highest score compared to other groups (82.20 ± 7.07). The conclusion, most coaches have good interpersonal communication knowledge. However, coaching experience could contribute the interpersonal communication knowledge better.

Judge rules in favor of former volleyball coach

CASE NAME: Clark v. Newman University Inc., No. 19‐1033 (D. Kan. 09/12/22).

Judge rules in favor of former volleyball coach

Case name: Clark v. Newman University Inc., No. 19‐1033 (D. Kan. 09/12/22).

Resilience, Risk-Taking Behavior and Aggression among Female Volleyball Players – a Preliminary Study

The aim of the current study is to investigate the level of risk-taking behavior, resilience and aggression in female volleyball players and the link between these psychological variables and coach’s performance ranking. A Romanian volleyball team ranked 7th out of 11 in the A1 league in the national championship (2022-2023 period) participated at the study. The Romanian adaptation of the Brief Resilience Scale, The Romanian adaptation of Makarowski’s Stimulating and Instrumental Risk Questionnaire, The Romanian adaptation of Makarowski's Aggression Questionnaire and Delphi method (evaluation of female volleyball players by coaches) were used. Analysis of the results reveals that athletes have a low level of perseverance (Go-Ahead factor), a low level of Foul play and a moderate to low level of assertiveness. Also, most athletes registered average or even low levels of resilience and have manifested a medium level of instrumental risk and moderate-to low-level of stimulating risk. The existing correlations between the psychological variables examined and the average scores obtained by each athlete (scores offered by the volleyball coaches according to athletes’ sport skills in training and competition) were discussed. The results of the study contribute to increase the awareness regarding aggression level, resilience, instrumental and stimulating risk level in Romanian female volleyball players, a less addressed topic.