Volleyball Athletes Research Articles

The Prevalence of Spondylolysis and the Diagnostic Sensitivity of Radiography in Adolescent Low Back Pain

ABSTRACT Introduction The aims of this retrospective chart review were to determine the prevalence of radiographically positive spondylolysis based on the historical “gold standard” of single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) and to evaluate the sensitivity of radiographs in detecting spondylolysis relative to SPECT scans in adolescent athletes presenting with low back pain (LBP). Our secondary outcome measure included an assessment of the variable prevalence of spondylolysis in different athletic subpopulations. Methods Radiographs and SPECT scans for patients with LBP were reviewed for the presence of spondylolysis. The sensitivity and specificity of two-view and four-view radiographs compared to SPECT scans were calculated, and the associations between diagnosis of spondylolysis and age, gender, and sport were determined. Results Nine hundred ninety-nine adolescent patients presented with LBP; 405 SPECT scans were performed. Of those, 141 (35%) SPECT scans were positive for spondylolysis. The prevalence rate for spondylolysis in this population who presented with LBP was 14%. Compared to SPECT scans, two-view radiographs were more specific (92.93%) and had a higher negative likelihood ratio (0.81) for spondylolysis than four-view radiographs. Boys were more likely to have a positive SPECT scan compared to girls (adjusted odds ratio, 6.07; 95% confidence interval, 3.00–12.26). Younger age was significantly associated with a spondylolysis diagnosis (adjusted odds ratio, 1.24; 95% confidence interval, 1.09–1.41). Lacrosse, soccer, softball, and volleyball athletes had a significantly lower risk of spondylolysis diagnosis compared to football and gymnastics athletes. Conclusions This research contributes to data regarding the prevalence of spondylolysis in symptomatic, adolescent athletes. Two-view radiographs were more useful screening tests for spondylolysis than four-view radiographs. Younger athletes, boys, and those who participate in certain sports were more likely to have evidence of spondylolysis on SPECT scans.

Meningkatkan Kualitas Vertical Jump dengan Latihan Squad Jump

Effective physical exercises, such as squad jumps, are crucial for enhancing athletes' performance across various sports. Squad jump training focuses on developing the leg muscle strength essential for vertical jumping. According to recent studies by Tanaka et al. (2017) and Smith et al. (2019), this exercise has been shown to significantly improve athletes' vertical jump height. Tanaka et al. recorded an average increase of 5 cm in basketball athletes after 8 weeks of training, while Smith et al. reported a 10 cm increase in volleyball athletes after 12 weeks. Squad jump training offers several key benefits, including increased leg muscle strength, endurance, and jumping technique. This is supported by various studies demonstrating the effectiveness of this exercise in enhancing athletes' strength and jumping performance. Experts agree that incorporating squad jump exercises into regular training programs can help athletes achieve optimal performance in sports that require high jumping ability, such as basketball, volleyball, high jump, and gymnastics. The implementation of squad jump training should consider several important factors, such as the intensity, frequency, and correct training technique. Additionally, adequate recovery and rest are necessary to prevent injuries and enhance the effectiveness of the training. The main challenge in this exercise is maintaining consistency and motivation for athletes to continue training regularly. Coaches and athletes are advised to include squad jump exercises as part of strength training programs. By adhering to proper execution methods and obtaining guidance from competent fitness experts, athletes can maximize their potential to improve vertical jump quality. With dedication and discipline, squad jump training can be an effective tool for achieving top performance in various sports.

Implementasi Manajemen Peserta Didik dalam Kaderisasi Siswa Berprestasi di SMK MU Cimerak: Studi Kasus Atlet Voli

This research aims to analyze the implementation of student management in the volleyball athlete cadre formation process at SMK MU Cimerak, with a focus on talent identification and development strategies, the challenges faced, as well as the impact of the program on sports achievements and student character development. Using qualitative research methods, data was collected through in-depth interviews, participant observation, and document analysis, which was then analyzed using Miles and Huberman's interactive model analysis technique. The research results show that the cadre formation program implemented collaboratively between MTs N 2 Pangandaran and SMK MU Cimerak is effective in developing students' talents and character, despite facing challenges such as limited financial resources and facilities as well as maintaining a balance between sports and academic achievements. This program has succeeded in producing outstanding athletes at the national level and forming students who are disciplined and confident. This research concludes that good student management can increase the effectiveness of cadre formation programs, have a positive impact on developing students' talents and character, and become a model for other schools that wish to develop similar programs.

Comparison of External Load across Multi-Day Tournaments in Female Youth Volleyball Athletes

Comparison of External Load across Multi-Day Tournaments in Female Youth Volleyball Athletes

The effects of circuit training versus high-intensity interval training on the endurance of volleyball athletes: a randomized controlled trial

Despite its intermittent nature, volleyball places significance on a high aerobic capacity, particularly evident in multiset games that demand sustained high-performance levels. Various training approaches exist to enhance the endurance of volleyball athletes. Thus, the fundamental aim of this research is to examine the contrasting effects of utilizing high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and circuit training methods to enhance volleyball athletes' endurance. The study used an Experimental group that partook in a HIIT training regime, and a Contrast group that undertook a Circuit training program. Thirty male volleyball players aged between 17 and 22 years (M=19.14; SD±1.61) were purposefully selected for the study and split into Contrast and Experimental groups of 15 each. At the beginning and end of the intervention programs both groups underwent physiological assessments for Maximum Oxygen Consumption (VO2max), Heart Rate Recovery (HRR), Peak Inspiratory Flow (PIF), Peak Expiratory Flow (PEF), and Force Vital Capacity (FVC). As result a meaningful Time x Group interaction for the VO2max, HRR, PIF, PEF and FVC was observed. This represents a significant improvement in the treatment group (p < 0.001). No material change was observed in the comparison group. Findings revealed that the HIIT training approach outperformed the circuit training method in enhancing volleyball athletes' endurance. Consequently, it is should be beneficial for volleyball players to incorporate HIIT into their standard training regimens. Keywords: VO2max; physiology; sport; exercise; aerobic capacity.

Endurance training and physiological variables: effects on sub-elite volleyball players

Volleyball is perceived as a physically demanding sport that involves rapid changes in speed, deceleration, and abrupt alterations in movement direction. It has been emphasized that physiological attributes such as VO2max, PIF, PEF, and FVC play a crucial role in the athletic performance of individuals participating in dynamic sports, aiding them in effectively managing critical situations. Hence, the aim of this research was to evaluate the impact of endurance training on physiological parameters among volleyball athletes. A randomized controlled trial was carried out with 24 male players (mean age 21,58; SD±2,46 years). The assessment of physiological characteristics involved the utilization of a dry spirometer for VO2max measurement and the Multistage Fitness Test for assessing PIF, PEF, and FVC. A two-way Anova analysis was executed to ascertain any disparities in physiological parameters from pre-test to post-test. The results indicated notable variances in physiological traits (VO2max, PIF, PEF, and FVC) among volleyball participants following the implementation of the Tabata intervention regimen. These metrics are instrumental in enhancing physiological capabilities to attain superior athletic performances. When designing training regimens, it is imperative to consider physiological functional elements aligned with the specific demands of the sport. Key words. VO2max; physiology; sport; exercise; Tabata training.

Trunk and shoulder strength and mobility in young female volleyball and handball athletes

IntroductionVolleyball and handball have typical overhead throwing motion that can generate adaptations in the athlete's kinetic chain predisposing to injuries and pain. Considering the importance of the trunk and shoulder in overhead throwing motion and the particularities of these action in different sports, this study aimed to compare the trunk and shoulder muscle strength and mobility in young female volleyball and handball athletes. DesignCross-sectional study with 70 female volleyball and handball athletes between 13 and 18 years old. MethodsShoulder rotators, trunk extension and flexion with rotation strength was measured with a handheld dynamometer (MicroFET 2, Hoogan Health Industries, West Jordan, UT, USA). Shoulder and trunk range of motion was measured with a digital inclinometer (Acummar – model ACU001). Total range of motion deficit (TROM deficit), glenohumeral internal and external rotation of dominant (DOM) and non-dominant (NDOM) shoulder were also calculated. ResultsHandball athletes presented greater muscle strength of trunk flexors/rotators (DOM: 24.96%, effect size: 0.687; NDOM, 31.83%, effect size: 0.798) and dominant shoulder internal rotators (16.65%, effect size: 0.619). The groups showed no difference for trunk and shoulder range of motion and external rotators strength. A TROM (volleyball: 48%, handball: 35%) and a glenohumeral internal rotation deficit (volleyball: 28%, handball: 29%) was found in both groups. ConclusionsYoung female handball athletes have greater strength of trunk flexors/rotators and dominant shoulder internal rotators compared to volleyball athletes. These differences may be related to the different demands required in the movement of these sports.

The Effects of Neuromuscular Training in the Maintenance of Fitness in Volleyball Players During the Junior Period

The paper wants to present the importance of performing neuromuscular training in order to permanently maintain a form of high fitness throughout the competitive period. The aim of this work was to verify the effects of training on neuromotor variables in young volleyball athletes at different times of the program. The hypothesis of the study starts from the fact that further investigation together with the realization and application of a training program, will contribute to the achievement of training fitness during competitive periods. The outcomes of implementing this training regimen with young female volleyball players underscore the suitability of engaging in competition during their initial phase.

Motion extrapolation in sport expertise: Representational momentum and representational gravity in volleyball athletes

When people indicate the vanishing location of a moving target that suddenly disappears, systematic errors forward (in the direction of motion) and downward (in the direction of gravity) emerge. These spatial displacements were coined, respectively, Representational Momentum and Representational Gravity, and are believed to reflect internalized ecologically relevant physical invariants useful for the anticipation of future states of an event. Previous research has shown that sports athletes exhibit increased Representational Momentum, indicating enhanced motion extrapolation and anticipation, albeit it is still not clear up to what degree this effect is specific for the expertise context or if it generalizes to other dynamic events. Furthermore, the influence of expertise on Representational Gravity, particularly in contexts where anticipation of vertically moving objects is crucial, remains understudied. This study aimed to address these gaps by focusing on Volleyball as a context of expertise due to the prevalence of fast vertically moving balls. Volleyball athletes and non-athletes indicated the perceived offset location of a smoothly moving target, which moved at a constant speed or was subjected to acceleration/deceleration, embedded either in a Volleyball or neutral context. Outcomes revealed that for the Volleyball context, athletes, but not non-athletes, revealed a significant trend to misperceive targets moving along the left diagonal to be further displaced forward beyond what would be expected due to Representational Momentum alone. This finding is discussed in relation to the natural statistics of Volleyball games, where crossed ball trajectories, particularly by the outside hitter, are more prevalent, fast, and offensive, requiring better anticipation to be efficiently dealt with.

Decrease in reaction time for volleyball athletes during saccadic eye movement task: A preliminary study with evoked potentials.

This preliminary study investigated the differences in event-related potential and reaction time under two groups (athletes vs. non-athletes). The P300 was analyzed for Fz, Cz, and Pz electrodes in thirty-one healthy volunteers divided into two groups (volleyball athletes and non-athletes). In addition, the participants performed a saccadic eye movement task to measure reaction time. The EEG analysis showed that the athletes, in comparison to the no-athletes, have differences in the P300 in the frontal area (p = 0.021). In relation to reaction time, the results show lower reaction time for athletes (p = 0.001). The volleyball athletes may present a greater allocation of attention during the execution of the inhibition task, since they have a lower reaction time for responses when compared to non-athletes.

Correlation between Self-Talk and Emotional Regulation Among Student Volleyball Athletes

Studi purpose. This research aims to determine the relationship between self-talk and emotional regulation in student volleyball athletes. A quantitative descriptive method with a correlational design was used in this research. This research aims to determine the relationship between self-talk and emotional regulation in student volleyball athletes. Materials and methods. This research uses quantitative descriptive research methods and design. The instrument used was a questionnaire to measure self-talk using a self-talk scale (STS) of 9 items and an emotional regulation and self-talk scale of 6 items for each participant, with a score for each item using 5 points. Frequency scale (1 = strongly disagree, 5 = strongly disagree, 5 = strongly disagree, maximum 1 = strongly agree) Given to the sample once. Data analysis used SPSS Version 25. We carried out data processing and analysis in the form of statistical descriptions, normality tests using the Shapiro-Wilk Test, and correlation tests using the Spearman-Rank Test. Results. The research results show that there is a significant relationship between self-talk and emotional regulation in student volleyball athletes. The relationship between the two variables has a very strong level of correlation. Student volleyball athletes have a percentage of emotional regulation ability of 73.3% and self-talk of 70.8%. Conclusions. This research concludes that self-talk has an important role in regulating student-athletes' emotions to achieve the goals they want to achieve, namely sports performance. Efforts to achieve the best performance in match practice, self-talk and emotional regulation are two main aspects that need to be considered.

Identification of sports injuries in senior volleyball athlete age 17-24 years

Identification of sports injuries in senior volleyball athlete age 17-24 years

The Effect of Life Kinetic Number Training on the Concentration Level of Female Volleyball Athletes Aged 13-15 Years

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of life kinetic number training on the concentration level of female volleyball athletes aged 13-15 years. This study used an experimental method with a one group pretest-postest design. The sample in this study amounted to 22 athletes, which was taken through purposive sampling techniques. Data collection techniques in this study are tests and measurements. The instrument in this study uses a concentration test, namely the concentration grid test. The data analysis technique uses a t test (Paired Sample Test) which is analyzed using SPSS 25. The results of this study showed that the calculated t value of 13.791 was greater than the table t of 2.080, and the paired sample t test showed that the result of Sig. (2-tailed) 0.000 was less than 0.05 which means that there was a significant influence between life kinetic number training on the concentration level of female volleyball athletes aged 13-15 years. So it can be concluded in this study that life kinetic number training is one of the most effective exercise models in order to increase the concentration of female volleyball athletes aged 13-15. Keywords: kinetic life, concentration, volleyball.

Effect of ball positions on trunk, hip, knee, and ankle joint kinematics and kinetics during a spike jump in volleyball

BackgroundAnterior cruciate ligament injuries are serious conditions encountered in volleyball players and occur frequently during spike jump landings. During spike jumps, the lower limb kinematics and kinetics during landing may be altered in relation to the ball position. Research questionDoes the ball position have an effect on lower-limb kinematics and kinetics during spike jumps? MethodsWe measured the lower limb kinematics and kinetics of 20 healthy female college volleyball athletes during a spike jump using a three-dimensional motion analysis system. The ball positions were set to normal, dominant, and non-dominant positions. A repeated analysis of variance was used to compare the lower limb kinematics and kinetics at the initial contact and the maximum knee flexion during jump landing. Additionally, statistical parametric mapping analysis was used to analyze changes over time during the spike jumps. ResultsAt the initial contact of the spike jump landing, the knee valgus angle, trunk lateral bending angle, and maximum knee valgus moment when the ball was set at the non-dominant position increased compared to those at the dominant position. Statistical parametric mapping analysis showed no significant change in knee valgus angle and moment of jump landing. ConclusionKnee valgus angle, trunk lateral bending angle, and maximum knee valgus moment increased with the non-dominant position; furthermore, the risk of ACL injury may also be increased. SignificanceThe posture at ball impact may influence the landing kinematics and kinetics. Therefore, it is necessary to pay close attention to movements during and prior to landing.

How relationship between religious and life skills with athlete's performance in volleyball

Purpose. This study aims to investigate the relationship between religious and life skills with the performance of athletes in volleyball. Material and methods. This study adopted a correlational type of research. The participants involved in this study were athletes from volleyball at Singaperbangsa University, Indonesia (n=45). The instrument used to measure religion was the Religious Faith Questionnaire, while Life Skills Scale for Sport was used to measure life skills. The measurement of athletes’ performance level covered skills, volleyball skills test, physical fitness test and psychological tests. All statistical tests were analyzed through IBM SPSS. First, conducting normality test. The second step of statistical descriptive testing was X±S. Third, assessing the relationship between religion and life skills with performance using Spearman's rank correlation coefficient analysis. Results. First, there was a correlation between positive religious and performance (p<0.05), but negative religious did not have a significant correlation (p>0.05) towards performance. Second, life skills had a significant correlation with performance (p<0.05). Conclusions. Thus, we emphasized that to possess a good level of performance was related to the level of positive religion and life skills of athletes. This research contributes as information to coaches/lecturers, athletes and stakeholders in volleyball about the importance of fostering and integrating religious and life skills among athletes, so that they will have good performance to take part in professional sports in the future.

The Myometric Assessment of Achilles Tendon and Soleus Muscle Stiffness before and after a Standardized Exercise Test in Elite Female Volleyball and Handball Athletes-A Quasi-Experimental Study.

Background: The high prevalence of injuries in female athletes necessitates a course of action that not only enhances research in this field but also incorporates improved prevention programs and regular health monitoring of highly stressed structures such as tendons and muscles. Since myometry is already used by coaches and physiotherapists, it is important to investigate whether tissue stiffness varies in different types of sports, and whether such measures are affected by an acute training session. Methods: Myometric measurements of the Achilles tendon (AT) and soleus muscle (SM) were performed in the longitudinal plane and relaxed tendon position. In total, 38 healthy professional female athletes were examined, applying a quasi-experimental study design, with subgroup analysis performed for different sports. To investigate the stiffness of the AT and SM, 24 female handball and volleyball athletes performed a standardized maximal incremental performance test on a treadmill. In this subgroup, myometric measurements were taken before and after the exercise test. Results: The measurements showed no significant difference between the mean pre- (AT: 661.46 N/m; SM 441.48 N/m) and post-exercise stiffness (AT: 644.71 N/m; SM: 439.07 N/m). Subgroup analysis for different types of sports showed significantly lower AT and SM stiffness in swimming athletes compared to handball (p = 0.002), volleyball (p = 0.000) and hammer throw athletes (p = 0.008). Conclusions: Myometry can be performed on the same day as an acute training session in healthy female professional volleyball and handball athletes. Female swimmers have significantly lower AT and SM stiffness compared to female handball, volleyball and hammer throw athletes. These results show that the stiffness differences in the AT and SM can be assessed by myometry.

Different Profiles of Jumper's Knee Indications in Basketball, Volleyball, and Football Athletes

PURPOSE: The present study aimed to compare the incidence of “jumper’s knee” injuries among athletes in basketball, volleyball, and football; to understand the causality and effect of the participation period and the incidence of jumper’s knee; to ascertain the link between history of injury and the incidence of jumper’s knee; and to determine the relationship between the type of tournament and the probability of jumper’s knee injury occurring.METHODS: This analytic, observational, cross-sectional study included subjects from high schools and clubs in Bandung, Solo, and Jogja, with a sample of approximately 30 participants representing each sport selected using a purposive sampling method (N = 93). Analytic observational using a cross sectional study approach in high schools and clubs in Bandung, Solo, and Jogja with a total sample of 30 for each sport selected by the purposive sampling method and obtained a total of 93 respondents. Dependent variable in this study is the jumper’s knee diagnosis. Statistical test data analysis used is different profiles using chi-square test effect of type of injury using binary regression relationship between participation period with jumper’s knee using Kendall's tau_b, the effect of playing time using binary regression and the relationship between the type of tournament and jumper’s knee using Kendall's tau_b. Statistical analysis of the dependent variable risk/indication for jumper’s knee used different methods. The chi-squared test was used to analyze the effect of type of injury using a binary regression method (Kendall's tau_b) to determine the relationship between participation period and jumper’s knee; and binary regression was used to assess the effect of playing time and the relationship between the type of tournament and jumper’s knee.RESULTS: Chi-squared analysis yielded an asymptotic significance value of p = .079, indicating no significant difference in the incidence of knee injuries among basketball, volleyball, and football athletes. Jumper's knee had positive percentage values of 38%, 34.6%, and 26.9% in basketball, volleyball, and football, respectively. Statistical tests examining the association between injury history and the incidence of jumper’s knee yielded a value of p = .00 with exp (b) = 0.075, which suggests an influence between ankle injury and jumper’s knee among the highest-risk athletes.CONCLUSIONS: Basketball, volleyball, and football players sustained jumper’s knee injuries at similar rates.

The Effect of Hanging Ball Media Training on Improving Smash Skills in Volleyball Games in the Men's Team at Club PVG Garut

This study aims to determine the effect of hanging ball media training on improving smash skills in volleyball games on the men's team at the Garut PVG club. Hanging ball media is a solution or strategy in practicing smash accuracy. Hanging ball smash training aims to provide habituation for athletes in measuring and knowing the height of the jump so that when playing volleyball athletes can hit the ball on target. Hanging ball training is a jumping exercise to reach the target ball by increasing the height of the hanging ball. The method used is experimental research method. The results showed that there was an effect of hanging ball media training in improving the smash skills of members at Club PVG Garut. This is evidenced by the calculated significance value in the pretest and posttest group t test of 0.017 smaller than 0.05 (Sig <0.05). The conclusion in this study is that there is an effect of training with hanging ball media on smash skills in volleyball games on the men's team of the Garut PVG club. In training with hanging balls that are carried out continuously can improve the ability of smash skills.

The Effect of Plyometric Training Program on Increasing Vertical Jump Ability in Volleyball Players

Purpose – This study aims to examine in depth the effect of plyometric training programs on improving vertical jumping ability in volleyball players. Design/methodology/approach – The research approach used in this study is a quantitative approach This type of research is a quasi-experimental, This research method involves a pre-test and post-test design with a control group. The population in this study is all high school level volleyball athletes in Bekasi city. Sample of 30 students. The data collection techniques used include vertical jump ability The data analysis techniques used are descriptive and inferential statistical analysis. Findings – This study proves that a plyometric training program significantly improves vertical jumping ability in high school level volleyball athletes in Bekasi city. The experimental group who underwent plyometric training showed a significantly greater increase in vertical jump height compared to the control group who underwent conventional training. These findings support the theories of muscle adaptation and the stretch-approach cycle, and are consistent with previous research showing the effectiveness of plyometric training in improving athletic performance. Limitasi/Novelty- Although this study has limitations, such as the small sample size and short duration of the intervention, the results provide strong empirical evidence that plyometric exercises can be an important component in volleyball training programs to optimize vertical jump performance.

Analysis Level Physical Condition of Female Volleyball Athletes in Blitar City

This study aimed to analyze the physical condition of female volleyball athletes in Blitar City. A total of 50 athletes from various clubs and teams were assessed using a battery of physical fitness tests, including BMI, Strength, Endurance, Explosive power and Flexibility.The subjects of this research were 12 female athletes and received the same training program. Physical condition test for volleyball athletes based on BMI add up to 271.5 with an normal of 22.6 and ordinary category. Strength gets 551 comes about and an normal of 45.9 with the less category. Endurance is 380.6 with an normal of 31.7 and sufficient category. Explosive power totaled 589 with an normal of 49.1 within the adequate category. Flexibility totaled 493.4 with an normal of 41.1 and the category sufficient. BMI comes about get comes about with a rate of 58.3% within the typical category. Strength percentage is 41.6% within the less category. Continuance rate is 83.3% within the sufficient category. Explosive power comes about with a rate of 75% within the sufficient category. Flexibility with a rate of 66.6% within the sufficient category. Generally, the competitors appeared a moo level of physical wellness, with solid execution within the BMI, strength, flexibility, explosive power and endurance tests. In any case, there were varieties in execution levels among the competitors, demonstrating the require for individualized preparing programs.