Volleyball Athletes Research Articles

Training Load and Injuries in Volleyball: An Approach Based on Different Methods of Calculating Acute to Chronic Workload Ratio.

Many questions persist regarding the relationship between training load and injuries in volleyball, as well as the best method for calculating acute:chronic workload ratio (ACWR). This study aimed to investigate the relationship between different metrics of training load and risk of injury in male professional volleyball players. ACWR, as a training load measure, is useful for identifying injury risk in volleyball players, regardless of calculation method. Longitudinal, prospective, and observational design conducted over 3 seasons of professional male volleyball. Level 3. The study included 43 male volleyball players. Internal training load was quantified using the Session Rating of Perceived Exertion. From daily training load values, absolute measures and relative measures were computed. For relative measures, 7 days were employed for acute training load, and 21 and 28 days for chronic training load. A distinction was made between coupled calculation and uncoupled calculation. Injuries were documented using the Injury Surveillance Form proposed by the International Volleyball Federation. ACWR calculated in a coupled manner and by a rolling average demonstrated higher injury risks when analyzing the complete periods (odds ratio [OR] ACWR 7:28 = 2.040; ACWR 7:21 = 1.980) and competitive period (OR ACWR 7:28 = 2.044; ACWR 7:21 = 2.087). In contrast, during the preseason, the coupled exponential averages were more sensitive to the risk of injury (OR ACWR 7:28 = 4.370; ACWR 7.504). Both measures using rolling averages and those calculated from exponential averages can be employed to identify the risk of injuries in volleyball athletes. The findings of this study can be useful to coaching staff, fitness trainers, and healthcare professionals involved in the challenge of reducing the risk of injury in volleyball athletes. The need for continuous monitoring and real-time adjustments of training load is emphasized.

Analysis of the physical condition of men's volleyball athletes at PBV Mutiara Sleman regency

Analysis of the physical condition of men's volleyball athletes at PBV Mutiara Sleman regency

The Relationship between Beighton Score and Biomechanical Risk Factors among Adolescent, Female Volleyball Players

ObjectiveTo investigate the relationship between Beighton score and biomechanical risk factors, such as knee valgus, in female, adolescent volleyball players. DesignCross-sectional study. SettingBiomechanics laboratory. Participants25 adolescent, club-level female volleyball athletes (14.5 ± 1.8 years) were tested between 9/2021 – 11/2021. Main outcome measuresParticipants were asked to perform a double-leg vertical jump (DLVJ), a single-leg squat (SLS), and a single-leg drop landing (SLDL). Peak coronal plane angles during the DLVJ, SLS, and SLDL were computed. Spearman correlations were performed to identify significant relationships between Beighton score and biomechanical variables. ResultsPeak knee valgus was found to be moderately correlated to Beighton score during the DLVJ-Land (r = 0.487, p = 0.014), SLDL (r = 0.478, p = 0.016), and SLS (r = 0.439, p = 0.028) tasks. ConclusionsOverall, adolescent volleyball players with higher Beighton scores tended to exhibit a greater peak knee valgus, suggesting that such athletes could benefit from a targeted neuromuscular training or injury prevention program.

Energy Availability in Female Collegiate Beach Volleyball Athletes.

Willingham, BD, Daou, M, VanArsdale, J, Thomas, M, and Saracino, PG. Energy availability in female collegiate beach volleyball athletes. J Strength Cond Res 38(11): 1941-1950, 2024-Low energy availability (LEA) is a present risk for many female athletes. Yet, the literature on LEA is often reliant on single, short-term, snapshots, which may not be reflective of the chronic energy balance surrounding female athletes in sport. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to establish the current prevalence of LEA in female collegiate beach volleyball athletes during the preseason and across the competitive season. One-way repeated measures analysis of variance was used to compare measures of EA (i.e., dietary intake, activity energy expenditure [EE], body composition) and EE (i.e., resting metabolic rate and thermic effect of feeding) at 4 timepoints-once in the preseason (i.e., Fall), and 3 times across the 10-week competitive season in Spring (i.e., week 1, week 5, and week 9). Significance was set at p ≤ 0.05. Although mean EA was in the subclinical zone (i.e., 30-45 kcal·kg FFM-1·d-1) at each timepoint, the prevalence of LEA for individuals was 30.8% in the preseason, 37.5% at week 1, 25.0% at week 5, and 62.5% at week 9. Further, carbohydrate intake was below the recommended range for power athletes at each timepoint, suggesting that female beach volleyball athletes with LEA may benefit from increasing carbohydrate intake. Despite no statistical differences in body mass across the season (p = 0.577), there was a trend for increasing fat-free mass (p = 0.062) as the season progressed. Importantly, LEA is not a team-wide condition but an individual one. Therefore, approaches to mitigate LEA should be individualized.

The effect of variability knee tuck jump training and box jump training on the explosive capabilities of legs muscles

The problem in this research is the low jumping ability of male volleyball athletes which effect on the decreased performance. The aim of this research is to know the effect of knee tuck training and box jump training on the explosive capability of the legs muscles of volleyball athletes. The type of the research is quasi-experiment with the research population is all male volleyball athletes at SMK 1 Solok Selatan which totally 24 athletes aged 17 years. The technique of sampling which is used is total sampling with a sample is 24 athlete. The instrument in this research is to use Vertical Jump to measure the explosive power of leg muscles. Before giving a treatment, an initial test (pte-test) is carried out to see the explosive power of leg muscles. The testees used as a samples are drawn into two groups. The group 1 is given the Knee Tuck Jump training treatment and the group 2 is given Box Jump Training treatment. This treatment is given 16 times (8 weeks), then the final test will be given. The data analysis technique which is used to test the hypothesis is t analysis at the significance level of 5%. Based on the data analysis in this study, 1) the Knee Tuck Jump get an average increase of (7.703) and was marked by getting t count (10.631)> t table(1.796). It means that the application of Knee Tuck Jump can increase the explosive power capability of leg muscles, 2) the Box Jump training get an average increase (2.456) and was marked by getting t count (9.240)> t table (1.769), it means that the application of the Box Jump training can increase the explosive power of leg muscles, 3) there was an influence training. Where in Knee Tuck Jump is getting the average increase is (7.703) while the box jump training is (2.456) and is indicated by getting t count (2.05)>t table (1.796). It means that the application of Knee Tuck Jump training and Box jump training could increase the explosive power capability of the leg muscles, where the Knee Tuck Jump training shows better results in increasing the explosive power of the leg muscles. Coaches apply knee tuck jump training at the right age level to achieve maximum results according to the athlete's training capacity.

Effect of High Heeled Shoe Sole to the Vertical Jump Performance of Volleyball Women Student Athletes

Background: The study investigates the effect of wearing high heeled shoe soles on the vertical jump performance of volleyball women student athletes compared to their performance in standard footwear. This research aims to address the problem of whether high heeled shoe soles negatively affect vertical jump ability, which is a critical factor in their sport performance. Objectives: This study investigated the influence of high heeled shoe soles on female volleyball athletes' vertical leap performance. Methods: Using a quasi-experimental design, the study included 15 female volleyball student-athletes from Batangas State University TNEU JPLPC-Malvar Campus in 2023-2024. Participants performed vertical jump tests under two conditions—wearing high heeled shoe soles and standard footwear—over two weeks, with three attempts per condition. Paired t-tests assessed performance differences between the two footwear types. Results: Results indicated that wearing high heeled shoe soles significantly improved jump heights, with average increases of 2.13 inches initially and 3.6 inches in post-tests. Statistical analysis yielded t-test values of 35.87 for pre-performance and 697.14 for post-performance, both showing significant gains. Conclusion: The study concludes that high heeled shoe soles positively influence vertical jump performance in female volleyball athletes, suggesting that this footwear could enhance athletic outcomes.

Fungal Skin Infections in Beach Volleyball Athletes in Greece

Background/Objectives: Fungal infections, commonly referred to as mycoses, are widespread and affect various parts of the body. Common types of fungal skin infections include tinea pedis, tinea unguim, tinea cruris, tinea versicolor, and tinea manuum. Athletes, in particular, are at a higher risk of contracting these infections due to several factors inherent to their training and competitive environments. Methods: This research examined the incidence, anatomical distribution, and seasonal occurrence of fungal skin infections among beach volleyball athletes in Greece. The study cohort consisted of 785 participants, with an average age of 28.4 years. Variables recorded included gender, the seasonal periods during which athletes might be more prone to injuries, and the specific body areas affected by fungal infections. In addition, training-related data such as weekly training frequency, and daily training duration were collected. Results: Incidence rates correlated in relation to gender: male, tinea pedis (p < 0.000), tinea manuum (p < 0.010); number of weekly trainings: tinea pedis (p < 0.000), tinea unguium (p < 0.043), tinea cruris (p < 0.008), tinea versicolor (p < 0.038), tinea manuum (p < 0.043); average hours of daily training: tinea unguium (p < 0.039), tinea manuum (p < 0.039). Conclusions: Athletic activities often involve exposure to warm, moist conditions that promote fungal growth. Locker rooms, showers, and equipment can harbor fungi, spreading infections among athletes. Understanding these infections is essential for effective prevention and management, as they can impact performance and health if untreated. Proper hygiene, antifungal treatments, and public health measures are crucial to reducing the risk in athletic settings.

The Impact of Sport-Specific Practice on Health-Related Physical Fitness Components in Young Water Polo and Volleyball Athletes

The Impact of Sport-Specific Practice on Health-Related Physical Fitness Components in Young Water Polo and Volleyball Athletes

The Influence Of Ankle Dorsiflexion Limitation On Injury Risks Among Volleyball Athletes

The Influence Of Ankle Dorsiflexion Limitation On Injury Risks Among Volleyball Athletes

Postural analysis of adolescent young athletes in different sports branches

The effects of posture on athletic performance have been the focus of attention of many researchers and the importance of body posture in achieving success has become undeniable. This study aimed to perform the postural evaluation of adolescent youth athletes who are trained in basketball, soccer, volleyball, and swimming branches. A total of 88 adolescent athletes (32 boys and 56 girls) with an average age of ±12.37 years, an average height of ±1.58 cm, an average body weight of ±48.2 kg, an average BMI of ±18.19 and an average training age of ±2.06 years from football, volleyball, and swimming branches actively active in Manisa and Bursa provinces participated in the study. Posture analysis of the athletes was performed using the Apecs-AI Posture Evaluation and Correction System® mobile posture application. The data obtained from the athletes were evaluated with the NewYork Posture Assessment Test (NYPD). The data obtained from the study were analyzed using the SPSS 22.0 package program. One-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) was used for independent samples. According to the results of the analysis, there was a significant difference between training age and NYPD scores according to branches (p<.05). Significance was found between NYPD and body axis scores in volleyball and soccer athletes (p<.05). There was no difference between NYPD and other variables in swimming and basketball. As a result, it is thought that the effect of the training age variable on posture structures differs specifically according to the branches, and posture is negatively affected as the training age increases in volleyball and soccer players.

Rehabilitation technique of proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation applied to volleyball vertical jump: A randomized double blinded cross-over clinical trial

Objectivecompare the acute effect of lower limb stretching exercises with proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) on the antagonist and agonist muscle groups in the execution of a vertical jump (VJ). Methoda randomized, double-blind, crossover clinical trial was conducted involving 30 male volleyball athletes. Group A engaged in PNF on the antagonist muscles, while Group B applied the same method to the agonist muscles. Following a 48-h washout period, the interventions were swapped between the respective groups. Both groups underwent assessments averaging three countermovement vertical jumps (CVJ) with hands on hips and three VJ with arms free. Measurement was taken using the Encoder – Ergonauta I, with over 1500 jumps recorded. The participants were evaluated for their level of flexibility and VJ performance using the Jump Sigma Index application. Resultsan acute decrease in average performance was identified, amounting to 3.86 % for the CMJ with hands on hips and 3.06% for the CVJ with free hands, following PNF in the agonists. Conclusionthere was no statistical difference between the means before and after the intervention when PNF was applied to the antagonistic hamstring muscles. The CVJ modalities with hands on hips and with free hands presented statistically similar indices. The study suggests that there is no impediment to the implementation of warm-up or training protocols that involve stretching in the antagonistic muscles. Further research will be relevant to better clarify the relationship between the effects of stretching on antagonistic muscle groups and to formalize future protocols.

Comparison Of External Load Across Multi-day Tournaments In Female Youth Volleyball Athletes

Comparison Of External Load Across Multi-day Tournaments In Female Youth Volleyball Athletes

Development of Drill Smash Training Models in Straight and Cross Directions to Improve Volleyball Smash Results at the SONS Club (Sriwijaya State Sports School) Palembang

This research aims to develop an effective drill training model to improve smash shot ability in two main directions, namely the straight direction and the cross direction, in volleyball. This training model is designed by taking into account the basic principles of smash technique, body regulation, strength and speed, as well as consistency in training. This research and development procedure uses the Borg & Gall steps. The research design for the development of the Borg & Gall development model is then changed to be simpler and also according to the needs of researchers which involves seven main steps: 1) Preliminary study, 2) Planning 3) Initial draft design , 4) Validation of initial drafts and revisions, 5) Small scale 6) Final product, 7) Effectiveness Test. Small scale trials were carried out at Dehasen Bengkulu University Extracurricular with a sample of 10 people and large scale trials were carried out at the Savvana Volleyball Club with a sample size of 15 people. The effectiveness test was carried out by the two clubs, each taking 10 samples to make 20 samples and testing them through prerequisite tests, namely 1) normality test, 2) homogeneity test 3) sample t test. The results of the research are that the final product is produced in the form of a model for the development of drill smash training in straight and cross directions with Root obstacle media to increase the accuracy of smashes in volleyball athletes. Very feasible” which was analyzed through the Aiken V test, with a material expert score of 0.81, media expert 0.96, small scale trial 0.90 and large scale trial 0.93 with an average criteria value of “Very High”.

Comparative Analysis of Plyometric Training Protocols in Volleyball: A Meta-Analysis

Purpose: This meta-analysis synthesizes findings from 40 research studies to comprehensively examine the impact of plyometric training protocols on overall performance outcomes in volleyball athletes. Method: A systematic search identified relevant studies on plyometrics and volleyball performance. Data on training programs, performance measures, and outcomes were extracted. Statistical analysis assessed the overall effect size and addressed potential variation between studies. Findings: The constant-effects version revealed a giant wonderful common impact (Fisher r-to-z converted correlation coefficient = 0.7531, 95% CI: 0.6952 to 0.8110), affirming the fine relationship between plyometrics and volleyball overall performance. However, the random-effects model indicated giant heterogeneity among authentic effects (I² = 78.53%), prompting a radical exploration of ability sources of variability. Despite diagnosed limitations, inclusive of heterogeneity and ability publication bias, this meta-analysis underscores the want for standardized protocols and in addition studies to refine training strategies. Conclusion: The importance of this analysis lies in its contribution to proof-primarily based practices, providing valuable insights to coaches and practitioners in search of to optimize plyometric training for volleyball athletes. As a complete reference, it courses destiny research endeavors and advances know-how within the nuanced courting between plyometrics and volleyball.

Efficacy of Resistance Band Training on Shoulder Muscle Strength and Injury Prevention in Volleyball Athletes

Efficacy of Resistance Band Training on Shoulder Muscle Strength and Injury Prevention in Volleyball Athletes

Holistic coaching style on personal attributes and proficiency of volleyball athletes

Holistic coaching style on personal attributes and proficiency of volleyball athletes

An Investigation of the Relationship Between Imagery and Sportive Confidence in Volleyball Athletes

The aim of this research is to examine the relationship between imagery in sports and the sportive confidence in athletes who play volleyball. 277 elite athletes who play volleyball, from 3 league levels (1st League, 2nd League, and Super League) between the ages of 18 and 35 (23.32 ± 4.16), of which 157 are women (21.78 ± 3.54), and 120 are men (25.33 ± 4.04) form the sample population of the research. Personal Information Form, Imaging Inventory, and Continuous Sportive Self-Confidence Inventory were applied to collect data. Independent T-test was applied to examine the distribution of the scores of sub-dimensions of imaging in sports and sportive confidence according to the variables gender, status of national team participation, and athlete's age, and Tukey HSD test with One-Way ANOVA was applied to examine the distribution according to active years in sports, age, and league level. After the findings from the analysis, it was determined that there was a meaningful difference between the sub-dimensions of imaging in sports and sportive confidence scores according to the variables of age, gender, sports age, the status of national team participation, league level, and active years in sports (p<0.05).

The Functional Organization of Corticomotor Neurons Within the Motor Cortex Differs Among Basketball and Volleyball Athletes With Patellar Tendinopathy Compared to Asymptomatic Controls.

Patellar tendinopathy (PT) typically affects jumping-sport athletes with functional impairments frequently observed. Alterations to the functional organization of corticomotor neurons within the motor cortex that project to working muscles are evident in some musculoskeletal conditions and linked to functional impairments. We aimed to determine if functional organization of corticomotor neuron projections differs between athletes with PT and asymptomatic controls, and if organization is associated with neuromuscular control. We used a cross-sectional design, and the setting was Monash Biomedical Imaging. Basketball and volleyball athletes with (n = 8) and without PT (n = 8) completed knee extension and ankle dorsiflexion force matching tasks while undergoing fMRI. We determined functional organization via identification of the location of peak corticomotor neuron activation during respective tasks (expressed in X, Y, and Z coordinates) and calculated force matching accuracy for both tasks to quantify neuromuscular control. We observed significant interactions between group and coordinate plane for functional organization of corticomotor projections to knee extensors (p < 0.001) and ankle dorsiflexors (p = 0.016). Compared to controls, PT group peak corticomotor activation during the knee extension task was 9.6 mm medial (p < 0.001) and 5.2 mm posterior (p = 0.036), and during the ankle dorsiflexion task 8.2 mm inferior (p = 0.024). In the PT group, more posterior Y coordinate peak activation location during the knee extension task was associated with greater task accuracy (r = 0.749, p = 0.034). Functional organization of corticomotor neurons differed in jumping athletes with PT compared to controls. Links between functional organization and neuromuscular control in the PT group suggest organizational differences may be relevant to knee extension neuromuscular control preservation.

Relationships between morphological features and physical performance depend on sex and age groups: a cross-sectional study among Brazilian beach volleyball players.

Understanding the evolution of morphological features and their relationship with physical performance may assist coaches and institutions in developing the next generation of beach volleyball (BV) athletes for senior-level competition. Thus, this study analyzed the morphological features of Brazilian BV athletes by sex among age groups, and their relationship with physical performance. A cross-sectional design was used to evaluate Brazilian BV players of both sexes in the U15 (11-14 years old, N.=21), U18 (15-17 years old, N.=21) and Senior (≥18 years old, N.=19) categories. The players underwent a series of kinanthropometric tests, including morphological (anthropometry, body composition and somatotype), neuromuscular (flexibility, handgrip strength, vertical jump [VJ], agility, and 5-m and 10-m maximum-speed sprints), and metabolic (VO<inf>2max</inf>) measurements. Welch analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to compare the categories and the relationship between morphological and physical performance features was analyzed using Pearson's coefficient (r). Significant differences were found among the categories for female (body mass, skeletal muscle mass, hamstring flexibility, handgrip strength [HGS]) and male (body mass, height, BMI, skeletal muscle mass, flexibility, HGS, vertical jump, agility, maximum-speed sprints, and VO<inf>2max</inf>) players. Moreover, moderate, and strong correlations were identified between morphological features and physical performance (-0.90≤r≤0.89). The morphological and physical performance features of BV athletes varied among the U15, U18, and Senior categories, as expected due to their physical training process. Additionally, there are several morphological features that are correlated with physical performance, but the magnitude seems to depend on sex and category.

Effects of Plyometric Exercise of Adolescent Male Volleyball Athletes: A Systemic Review

By looking at previous literature, this study aimed to analyze the construct of plyometric exercise variation. Comprehensive methods are used for these articles, such as searching for articles in database research journals. Semantic, Scopus, Scholar, and Crossref are the data sources for this database. The variety of plyometric exercises and vertical jump skills are the main themes. Fifty-one articles were verified, and then 12 articles were evaluated based on objectives, topics, sample size, research protocols, and results. Plyometric exercises are exercises in which the movements are explosive and, besides being practical, also train muscle strength, muscular endurance, flexibility, and agility. The purpose of volleyball training is so that players can acquire good basic techniques, strengthen physical strength, and develop interests and talents. To improve jumping ability, various exercises are performed from the beginner level. Therefore, the ability to jump and jump is essential for the volleyball game. The novelty in this study is the using a form of plyometric exercise that is varied according to the characteristics of athletes aged 14-17 years that have never previously been applied in volleyball clubs, which is the focus in this study of plyometric exercise variation methods, namely plyometric squat jump, skipping and hurdle hopping. The intensity of the exercise will be adjusted to the characteristics, and physiological development of male athletes aged 14-17 years.