Volgograd State Technical University Research Articles

Application of the Foresight Method in the Educational Process of Higher Education

In conditions of increasing life expectancy, declining fertility, increased migration and other demographic changes, the Foresight method can help families and society prepare for new challenges and opportunities. For example, anticipating an increase in the number of elderly people may prompt the state to develop a support program for this category of the population, and forecasting an increase in migration may contribute to the development of integration programs for new immigrants. The Foresight method is relevant in the context of demographic changes, as it allows you to predict possible scenarios for the future development of the family and society based on the analysis of current data and trends. This will make it possible to make more informed decisions and develop new tools for the state to improve the demographic situation in the country. The Foresight method is also of great relevance in education, especially in the context of technological innovations. Thus, the purpose of the article is to study the demographic situation of the Russian Federation by the Foresight method in sociology classes. The authors believe that the interest in the Foresight method lies in the fact that it allows the students of the Faculty of Economics and Management of VSTU to develope strategic thinking and planning skills, to apply those in the field of demography as well as in their future professional activity. The article presents the results of a survey of first-year students of Volgograd State Technical University (VSTU) in relation to the demographic situation in the country. The positive and negative factors affecting the demographic situation are considered. Some measures to improve the demography of the Russian Federation are proposed. The proposed Foresight method in the educational process may be of interest to teachers and methodologists of higher education engaged in the development of new approaches to training students.

АКТИВИЗАЦИЯ УЧЕБНО-ПОЗНАВАТЕЛЬНОЙ ДЕЯТЕЛЬНОСТИ ИНОСТРАННЫХ СТУДЕНТОВ ПРИ ИЗУЧЕНИИ МАТЕМАТИКИ (НА ПРИМЕРЕ ВОЛГГТУ)

Тhe ways and methods of enhancing the educational and cognitive activity of foreign students are discussed in the article. The experience of using of these methods when teaching foreign students mathematical disciplines at Volgograd State Technical University is analyzed. The possibilities of optimizing learning process, increasing the efficiency and effectiveness of the educational process have been explored.

ФОРМИРОВАНИЕ КОММУНИКАТИВНОЙ КОМПЕТЕНЦИИ В РАМКАХ ДИСЦИПЛИН ГУМАНИТАРНОГО БЛОКА

The article examines the process of formation and improvement of one of the universal competencies - “communicative” (UC-4) at a technical university. Its main content, place and role in vocational education are determined. The emphasis is placed on the fact that the competence “Communication” is formed not by “assimilation” of certain theoretical knowledge, but by their regular application and integration into educational process general matrix, contributing to general professional and professional competencies communicative component formation. New academic discipline “Professional ethics and fundamentals of business communication” is of particular importance for engineering training. This discipline differs from “Psychology of professional communication”, “Business communication”, “Fundamentals of business communication” because communicative competence is formed here through the prism of moral and ethical norms of society and professional ethics Formation of full-fledged communication skills is impossible within the framework of only one academic discipline; therefore, it is recommended to include interdisciplinary connections and extracurricular activities potential. The results of the study confirmed humanitarian training relevance at a technical university and importance of UC-4 for future specialists. The study was conducted at the Kamyshin Technological Institute (branch) of Volgograd State Technical University (KTI VSTU).

ФОРМЫ ОРГАНИЗАЦИИ МЕЖДУНАРОДНОЙ АКАДЕМИЧЕСКОЙ МОБИЛЬНОСТИ В ВУЗЕ

The article raises issues of international education in the global educational space. The work is devoted to studying the organization of the main forms of international academic mobility in Russian universities. The experience of organizing large-scale and academic mobility, as well as its form, is described. An analysis and assessment of the degree of implementation of various forms of mobility at the Department of Training of Foreign Specialists of Volgograd State Technical University was carried out. The main prospects for the development of such international forms of academic mobility are highlighted.

Применение конопляного урбеча и нутовой муки в составе комбинированных творожных десертов

Purpose. Determination of the functional and technological compatibility of whipped food systems of combined curd desserts with neoprotein ingredients. Materials and Мethods. Experimental research and development of samples were carried out in the conditions of the Department of Food Production Technologies of Volgograd State Technical University and Complex Analytical Laboratory of VRIMMP (Volgograd). The object of the study was combined curd desserts with neoprotein ingredients: urbech from peeled hemp seeds in the curd part and chickpea flour in the biscuit part. All studies within the framework of this work were carried out in accordance with regulatory documents of state standards of the Russian Federation: assessment of organoleptic indicators – according to GOST R ISO 22935-2-2011 and GOST 31986-2012; whipped of the curd part was determined according to GOST R 52175-2003, mass fraction of moisture – according to GOST 3626-73, titratable acidity – titrimetrically (GOST 3624-92), mass fraction of moisture in the biscuit – according to GOST 5900-2014. Results. Sample of curd part No. 2 with the addition of 6% urbech from purified hemp kernels and sample of biscuit No. 2 using chickpea flour after frying demonstrated the best organoleptic characteristics. The results of physicochemical and rheological tests showed that the addition of urbech increases whipped of the curd part by 2 times, reduces acidity by 11.1% and increases mass fraction of moisture by 5.5%, and frying chickpea flour helps to increase the mass fraction of moisture in the biscuit, which slows down staling. The use of neoprotein components enriches the combined whipped curd product with plant protein, dietary fiber, macro- and microelements. Conclusion. Production of combined whipped curd products using neoprotein components - hemp urbech and fried chickpea flour, is advisable due to the improvement of the organoleptic, physico-chemical and rheological properties of both the curd and biscuit parts of the product, as well as increasing their nutritional and biological value.

ОБРАЗОВАТЕЛЬНЫЕ ИТ-ПРОЕКТЫ КАК СРЕДСТВА ВЫЯВЛЕНИЯ И РАЗВИТИЯ ЦИФРОВОЙ ГРАМОТНОСТИ УЧАЩИХСЯ ШКОЛ

The article analyzes the problems of conducting the educational course “Fundamentals of Programming in Python” within the framework of the “Code of the Future” project with the participation of the provider - Volgograd State Technical University. The tasks of each participant in the learning process are determined, and negative conditions affecting it are identified. The authors determined the input and output indicators for the formation of digital competencies among students in the field of programming, confirming the leadership and necessity of the project.

КИБЕРМОББИНГ КАК ГЛОБАЛЬНАЯ ИНТЕРНЕТ-ПРОБЛЕМА В МОЛОДЕЖНОЙ СРЕДЕ

The article is devoted to the global problem of bullying, which in the 21st century entered a new stage of evolution - cyberbullying (massive online harassment occurring on the global Internet). Despite the great opportunities of the Internet in the field of youth education and access to information, the global network has opened the door to a limitless world of online entertainment, where virtual space can pose a danger to young people in the form of threats, insults and ridicule. The relevance and interest in the problem of cyberbullying among young people is due to the fact that UN experts claim that every 3rd modern teenager has been bullied in the virtual space. The concern of the world community is also caused by the fact that cyber bullying can have serious consequences for the victim, including problems in studies against a background of increased anxiety; decreased self-confidence and self-esteem; isolation from society, and most importantly, the manifestation of depression, anxiety, post-traumatic stress syndrome and even suicide. In this regard, artificial intelligence (AI) can be used to automatically block insults and threats in the Internet space. The article presents the results of an author's survey of first-year full-time students of Volgograd State Technical University (VSTU). The author provides an overview of foreign statistical data on the problems of cyberbullying in various countries, describes methods of combating and preventing cyberbullying, and substantiates the need to use artificial intelligence (AI) in countering and preventing cyber bullying among young people.

СИСТЕМЫ ИСКУССТВЕННОГО ИНТЕЛЛЕКТА В СФЕРЕ ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ: ОТНОШЕНИЕ ПРЕПОДАВАТЕЛЕЙ (НА ПРИМЕРЕ ВОЛГГТУ)

The article describes the results of an exploratory research on the basis of Volgograd State Technical University. The empirical object of the study was teachers - students of advanced training courses in the field of digital technologies. The purpose of the study is to identify the attitude of teachers to the wide introduction of digital technologies using artificial intelligence in the educational process. It is shown that different age groups of faculty members demonstrate a rather loyal attitude to digital educational tools, which does not depend much on age. This is confirmed not only by the high level of mastery of digital technologies, but also by the effectiveness of their use in the educational process. Adherence to modern digital tools also does not show a noticeable relationship with the scientific and publication activity of teachers.

Psychological benefits of game practice in higher education settings: from stress to happiness

Introduction. Teaching/learning and professional work at higher educational establishments, being an intellectually and emotionally intense activity, provokes stress in teachers and students, which has a negative impact on their health: fear, anxiety, fatigue, irritability, and nervousness. Game practice is the most effective method to relieve emotional tension and activate the educational process within the framework of students’ and teachers’ successful cooperation through communication. The purpose of the article was to assess the influence of game practice on the psychological state of teachers and students at higher school, as well as the levels of stress and happiness. Materials and methods. The study involved 69 university teachers (89% women, 19% men) from 29 regions of Russia and 176 students (51% males, 49% females) in the first-year undergraduate course at Volgograd State Technical University (Russian Federation). The study was carried out using a Google Forms survey. Results. The present study did not find any significant relationship between the manifestation of stress and the use of the game practice in the teaching process at higher educational establishments, which proved to be an unexpected result, since the lecturers (49%) and students (56%) recognised that game practice reduced their stress levels. However, the analysis of the revealed results showed that most of the students were affected by academicrelated stress: 46% of the respondents had high stress level, 34% – moderate stress level, and 20% – mild stress level. The stress level in the teachers’ professional activity also revealed a high rate – 52% of the respondents answered that they experienced professional stress quite often. At the same time, psychological well-being within the framework of game technologies had the following indicators: 54% of the teachers felt quite happy, 29% – absolutely happy. As to the students, they reported a middling indicator of happiness (46%). Conclusion. Game practice is a modern learning tool used at higher educational establishments, which improves the psychological well-being of students and teachers and is an effective way to combat stress and achieve increased happiness level. However, a more profound study of this subject, along with the development of due methodological recommendations, can contribute to more effective integration of game practice into the educational process and enhance the well-being of both students and teachers.

Features of the educational strategy of school graduates when entering regional universities in Russia

Introduction. With the change of generations, changes in the socio-economic conditions of life, global processes affecting local levels, the previously habitual mechanisms for the functioning of social institutions, in particular, education, also change. Restrictions on entry into the higher education system generate competition for state-funded places, and the USE mechanism is a key way to select the most talented and capable applicants. School graduates find other ways to universities because of the competitiveness and complexity of the Unified State Exam, along with the traditional trajectory of entering a university. The purpose of the study is to identify and analyze the educational strategies that Russian school graduates choose, the factors that determine this choice, and the problems that give rise to the variety of educational trajectories of graduates. Materials and methods. The study was conducted using an online survey among first-year students of two Volgograd universities – Volgograd State University and Volgograd State Technical University in October 2022 (N=527), the task of representation by gender and age was not set. Methods: analysis of sources, online survey, scaling, mathematical statistics (calculation of arithmetic mean), analysis of frequency distributions, analysis of contingency tables. Results. The quality of preparation for the USE is provided not only by general education schools, but also by various forms of additional education, tutors, courses, online schools. The overall level of USE results in the Volgograd region, based on average values, fluctuates in the range of 45-55 points out of 100, while the average scores for admission to the studied Volgograd universities, which were included in the study area of the authors, are 66.4 and 68.7 points, and in the capital - much higher. However, as the analysis of empirical data shows, the decision to enter a university is made on the basis of a wider range of factors, including the territorial location of the university, family traditions, and the socioeconomic status of the family. A rational approach to the implementation of the educational strategy gives rise to the so-called. "transit" trajectory of entering the university after college graduation. Admission to an institution of secondary vocational education can be an intermediate stage (for example, the share of college graduates in full-time departments of universities in Volgograd is 13%, in Russia – about 21%), or be the ultimate goal of the educational trajectory. Conclusion. Admission to a university after the 11th grade brings to the fore the quality of education in schools and preparation for the Unified State Exam, as a tool for the competitive selection of applicants applying for state-funded places at a university. Entering a university after graduating from college is not the most popular strategy, but it avoids the procedure for passing the exam, since admission is based on the results of the university's internal exams. Entering college after the 11th grade is a forced measure and reflects the problems of limited access to higher education on a budgetary basis, competition among applicants, poor preparation for the Unified State Examination, low level of family well-being, etc.

The relationship between the agriculture and agro-industrial complex' development and the rural areas' sustainable development, including the social infrastructure's development

Vertinova A.A. [Methodology for assessing the level of co-development of universities and the region as an ecosystem]. Regional'naya ekonomika i upravlenie: elektronnyi nauchnyi zhurnal, 2021, no. 2. (In Russ.) URL: Link Navrotski A.V., Shakhovskaya L.S., Matcovskaya J.S. [The role of supporting regional universities in socio-economic development of Russian territories]. Izvestiya Volgogradskogo gosudarstvennogo tekhnicheskogo universiteta = Izvestia Volgograd State Technical University, 2017, no. 2, pp. 8–15. URL: Link%20-%202017.pdf (In Russ.) Baeva O.N. [Evaluating return on education at regional level]. Upravlenets = The Manager, 2013, no. 2, pp. 64–69. URL: Link (In Russ.) Nikitina E.V., Chistnikova I.V., Orlova A.V. [Economic potential of regions and assesment of efficiency of its use]. Nauchnye vedomosti Belgorodskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Seriya: Istoriya. Politologiya. Ekonomika. Informatika = Belgorod State University Scientific Bulletin. History. Political Science. Economics. Information Technologies, 2012, no. 13, pp. 60–65. URL: Link (In Russ.) Ogurtsova E.V., Perfileva O.V., Firsova A.A. [Indicators of the university’s contribution to the innovative development of the region]. Universitetskoe upravlenie: praktika i analiz = University Management: Practice and Analysis, 2017, vol. 21, no. 4, pp. 53–62. (In Russ.) URL: Link Trencher G., Nagao M., Chen C. et al. Implementing Sustainability Co-Creation between Universities and Society: A Typology-Based Understanding. Sustainability, 2017, vol. 9, iss. 4. URL: Link Uyarra E. Conceptualizing the Regional Roles of Universities, Implications and Contradictions. European Planning Studies, 2010, vol. 18, iss. 8, pp. 1227–1246. URL: Link Bramwell A., Wolfe D.A. Universities and Regional Economic Development: The Entrepreneurial University of Waterloo. Research Policy, 2008, vol. 37, iss. 8, pp. 1175–1187. URL: Link Ponds R., Van Oort F., Frenken K. Innovation, Spillovers and University–Industry Collaboration: An Extended Knowledge Production Function Approach. Journal of Economic Geography, 2010, vol. 10, iss. 2, pp. 231–255. URL: Link Nechaeva M.L., Zhdankina I.Yu., Udalov F.E. [Inter-municipal cooperation as a tool for the development of regional municipal entities]. Regional'naya ekonomika: teoriya i praktika = Regional Economics: Theory and Practice, 2022, vol. 20, iss. 6, pp. 1052–1077. (In Russ.) URL: Link Sibiryaev A.S. [Rural development: results and methodology of ongoing scientific research]. Vestnik NGIEI = Bulletin NGIEI, 2023, no. 6, pp. 129–137. URL: Link (In Russ.) Shamin A.E., Zueva S.V. [Sustainable development of rural areas in the regional economy of the country]. Vestnik NGIEI = Bulletin NGIEI, 2022, no. 1, pp. 101–111. (In Russ.) URL: Link

Разработка и оптимизация рецептуры ветчинных изделий

Purpose. Scientifically based selection of plant ingredients for use in the technological process for the production of ham products. Materials and Мethods. Samples of chopped ham products were produced using traditional technology in accordance with GOST 23670-2019 in the experimental workshop of Volgograd State Technical University. The recipe for the experimental sample included plant ingredients: chickpea flour and dried vegetables. All studies were carried out in accordance with generally accepted standards in the food industry, including organoleptic, physical and chemical studies. Results. The advantages of pre-hydrating chickpea flour in a 1:2 ratio have been revealed. The superiority of a sample of mince ham product containing 7% chickpea flour and 3% dried vegetables in terms of organoleptic indicators compared to other samples has been established. The physical and chemical characteristics of the developed product meet the regulatory requirements for products in this category. Conclusion. A technology for the production of ham from turkey meat with regional plant components has been developed and optimized, which will increase the profitability of production by partially replacing meat raw materials.

ПРОБЛЕМЫ АДАПТАЦИИ ИНОСТРАННЫХ СТУДЕНТОВ В РОССИЙСКИХ ВУЗАХ (НА ПРИМЕРЕ ВОЛГОГРАДСКОГО ГОСУДАРСТВЕННОГО ТЕХНИЧЕСКОГО УНИВЕРСИТЕТА)

Teaching foreign students is an important and complex task that requires a serious approach and constant work to improve the quality of adaptation of foreign students, optimize learning processes and improve the quality of the education received. The materials presented in the article are a generalized experience of the work of curators of groups of foreign students at Volgograd State Technical University.

ОПЫТ РАЗВИТИЯ МАГИСТРАТУРЫ В СФЕРЕ АВТОМОБИЛЬНОГО ТРАНСПОРТА

The article is devoted to the issue of improving the training of undergraduates at the department of “Technical operation and repair of automobiles” of Volgograd State Technical University. An analysis of the current situation with master's training is provided, and the main problematic issues are highlighted. The main factors determining the prestige of entering a master's program are considered, and a comparison is made with the general trends in the development of higher education in Russia in recent years. The directions for improving master's training at a regional university are considered. The experience of developing a new educational program dedicated to technical expertise in transport is presented. The development of the program was carried out in close cooperation with employers, which were both direct expert offices and car service companies that also carry out examination of vehicle elements. During the development of the program, partial continuity was maintained with the master’s program “Technical Operation of Automobiles,” previously implemented at the department, which simplified the transition process and also expanded the scope of professional activities of graduates. Organizational issues related to the implementation of the educational program are examined in detail, using the resources of several departments of the university and specialized enterprises, as well as with the involvement of bachelor's graduates in training at the master's level.

ПОДГОТОВИТЕЛЬНЫЙ ФАКУЛЬТЕТ ДЛЯ ИНОСТРАННЫХ СПЕЦИАЛИСТОВ ВОЛГГТУ: ВЕХИ ИСТОРИИ

The article highlights the history of formation of preparatory department for foreign specialists of the Volgograd state technical university; stages of development and activity of faculty of training of foreign specialists are described and its divisions and the prospect of development.

Проектная подготовка будущих инженеров в интересах устойчивого развития

Education as the main driver of sustainable development is recognized as the motto for the forthcoming evolution of civilization. All over the world, there is an intensive search for new models of the 21st century education, engineering education in particular, that could meet the needs of the present and future generations, aimed at preserving the natural environment and resources necessary for sustaining human life. The article outlines the optimal contours for a new concept of sustainable development, which will be introduced into education in the near future. The modern content of the project training for future engineers is considered, the absence of interdisciplinary engineering project training in educational programs of various levels is noted: the case of Volgograd State Technical University (VSTU). According to the author, at the present time there are big changes in the educational programs of engineering training, and the return of engineering project training to academic interdisciplinary is in demand. In addition, interdisciplinary course/final degree projects should provide for a comprehensive socio-humanitarian expert examination of engineering design solutions, initiating students to acquire experience in environmentally and anthropologically oriented engineering and design activities that meet the needs of the time.

A Method for Improving the Caching Strategy for Computing Systems with Shared Memory

This paper considers the problem of increasing the software efficiency in terms of reducing the costs of their development and operation in the process of solving production and research tasks. We have analysed the existing approaches to solving this problem by example of parameterized algorithms for implementing mVm (matrix—vector multiplication) and MMM (matrix—matrix multiplication)) BLAS (Basic Linear Algebra Subroutines) operations. To achieve the goal of increasing the software efficiency, we proposed a new design method, designed to improve data caching algorithms in the software development for computing systems with a hierarchical memory structure. Using the proposed design procedure, we developed an analytical approach to evaluating the software effectiveness from the point of view of using a memory subsystem with a hierarchical structure is implemented. We applied the proposed method to the two-sided Householder transformation for the task of reducing the general form matrix to the Hessenberg form. Then we presented new algorithms for solving the problem, which are optimized variants of the Householder classical transformation: Row-Oriented Householder and Single-Pass Householder. The use of these algorithms can significantly reduce the software execution time. Computational experiments were carried out on a parallel computing system with shared memory, which is one of the nodes of the computing cluster of the Volgograd State Technical University. We made a comparison of the software execution time that reduce general-form matrices to Hessenberg form, written using the proposed algorithms and using the LAPACKE_dgehrd() function of the Intel MKL library. The conclusions made in the work are confirmed by the results of the conducted computational experiments.

Digitalisation in engineering education: practice challenges and opportunities

Digitalisation is the current tendency of modern life. It touches upon various spheres of society. This article contributes to this issue undertaking engineering education practice challenges and opportunities. The article aims at developing new insights: 1) by evaluating the importance of digitalization for the educational process, 2) by introducing the theory and methodology of digital transformation of engineering education, 3) by illustrating the implementation of digital tools in engineering practice. The following theoretical methods were used in the study: a method of theoretical analysis, method of generalisation of accumulated experience, survey method, and predictive methods (forecasting), also empirical research methods: observation, modeling, abstraction, comparison, and analysis of the results of students' educational activities. The article describes the successful experience of using digital technologies on the basis of the Department of Foreign Languages, and the analysis of the practice of using digital tools at Volgograd State Technical University. This approach makes a great contribution into revealing challenges and perspectives of engineering education, stimulating its transition from research to practice.

Асинхронность развития рынка труда и рынка образовательных услуг как фактор сжатия старопромышленных регионов

Many Russian regions face shrinking, despite the measures taken by national and regional authorities to slow down this process. The problem of shrinking is especially relevant for old industrial cities and regions unable to adapt to new challenges of the market economy after the shock transition from planned to market economy. The study aims to prove that the asynchronous development of the labour market and the market of educational services contributes to the shrinking of old industrial regions, as well as to identify the interdependence between these markets seen as the most important elements of spatial development strategy in such regions. The research examined data on Volgograd oblast, which is a typical shrinking old industrial region, whose development largely depends on successful retention of graduates on the regional labour market. A sociological survey conducted online in October 2021 of 335 students of the Volgograd State Technical University (the backbone university of the region) was analysed. The comparison of the obtained results with relevant statistical data confirmed asynchronous development of the labour market and the market of educational services. Since the labour market is associated with the real sector of the economy, it does not generate a demand for the regional staff training system. The declared innovative development does not lead to the creation of innovative jobs and, accordingly, to the increase in demand for new professions and competences. A conservative approach of regional universities to staff training also causes asynchrony. To overcome the identified asynchrony, it is required to transform old industrial regions to meet the requirements of the new technological mode, strengthen cooperation between educational institutions and enterprises of the real sector of the economy, and revise educational programmes.

THE PROBLEM OF PRODUCTIVITY INCREASE OF THE UNSTRESSED KEYWAYS JOINTS

This paper reports the location of stress concentration and compares the results obtained by theoretical analysis with the analysis done by the analysis software. In order to avoid economic losses of production due to stoppages related to repair work, there is a need to study the development of measures to increase their reliability. Despite knowing the importance of this a very little research work has been reported in this field. An appropriate analysis of the literature was carried out in order to find directions for improving methods performance of keyed joints. The paper analyzes the features of the work of the most common non-stressed connections prismatic keys. Analysis of the state of operation of non-stressed keyed joints, directions for improving their designs, and modern simplified method of calculation explains the relevance of studies of workability and reliability improvement. Ways have been considered to increase the reliability of connections with prismatic keys. In this work, a review of some of the latest, most interesting, by the author's opinion, is carried out, studies on the contact interaction of parts. The requirements for the development and research of new keyed joints are formulated. The basic design of the connection with cylindrical working surfaces of the key is adopted. Known methods of determination are analyzed contact deformations by various scientific schools. The requirements for the development of the method of calculating unstressed keyways are formulated connections. All our calculations were primarily made based on the method of the Scientific School of Volgograd State Technical University and it was adopted as the basic one. Key words: non-stressed keyed connections, unstressed keyed connections, reliability, keyway connection with a cylindrical segment, contact deformation, destruction, improvement of the design, self-locking of the key, fracture