Concentrations Of Volatile Organic Compounds Research Articles

Disinfection inducing release of contaminants from baby play mats: Microplastics and volatile organic compounds.

Baby play mats serve as essential protective equipment widely utilized in residences, daycares, and kindergartens. Given their direct contact with infants and young children, the pollutants released from play mats may pose potential health risks. This study investigated the impact of disinfection on the release of microplastics (MPs) from play mats and offers an in-depth analysis of the derived volatile organic compounds (VOCs) release. The results revealed that various disinfection treatments promoted the release of MPs from play mats. Among them, chlorination bleaching induced play mats to produce 2-3 times less MPs than ultraviolet sterilization (UVS) and UV-bleaching disinfection. The generation potential of MPs derived from play mats of different materials was ranked as polyethylene terephthalate (PET)>polypropylene (PP)≈polyethylene (PE)>polyvinyl chloride (PVC). Furthermore, PE play mat released highest concentration of total VOC after disinfection, increasing from 1.82mg/m2 (control) to 15.82mg/m2 (UV-bleaching). However, PVC released the most species of VOCs, with 76 species identified through non-target screening, such as several alkanes, alkenes, alcohols, ketones, etc. Through toxicological prediction, VOCs with high toxic potential were identified. Individual VOCs from PP, such as Pentadecane (CAS: 629-62-9), exhibited high yields at 3.16ng/g after UV-bleaching treatment. In conclusion, chlorination bleaching is safer than UVS and UV-bleaching disinfection in mitigating the release of pollutants from play mats.

Advanced methanotrophic bioreactor design for efficient bioremediation of hydrogen sulfide (H₂S) And Volatile Organic Compounds (Vocs): Integrating genetic engineering and industrial scalability

The convergence of advanced microbial biotechnology and metabolic engineering has facilitated groundbreaking advancements in bioremediation. This study presents the engineered Methylomicrobium buryatense strain 5GB1C-RO1, optimized for the simultaneous removal of hydrogen sulfide (H₂S) and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) within a two-stage methanotrophic bioreactor system. Through precise CRISPR/Cas9-mediated genome editing, critical metabolic pathways for sulfide oxidation (SQR, FCCAB, SOXABXYZ) and VOC degradation (alkB, adhP, todC1C2BA) were integrated, achieving catalytic efficiencies exceeding 3.2 × 10⁷ M⁻¹s⁻¹ and substrate conversion rates above 450 nmol min⁻¹ mg⁻¹ protein. The strain demonstrates exceptional robustness under industrial conditions, maintaining 95% pollutant removal efficiency at H₂S concentrations up to 1000 ppm and VOC concentrations exceeding 500 ppm. The innovative bioreactor system incorporates enhanced gas-liquid mass transfer mechanisms, achieving mass transfer coefficients (kLa) exceeding 300 h⁻¹ and enabling stable operation for over 1000 continuous hours. Experimental results confirm the system's capacity for pollutant mineralization, generating methane-rich biogas (>95% CH₄) and high-protein microbial biomass (>85%), which are valuable for energy and agricultural applications. This integrated bioremediation approach not only reduces reliance on chemical scrubbing and flaring but also supports circular economy principles by transforming waste gases into renewable resources. The technology provides a scalable, sustainable, and cost-effective solution to mitigate industrial emissions while addressing environmental and regulatory challenges. The findings highlight the potential of combining advanced genetic engineering with innovative bioreactor design to redefine industrial pollutant management and resource recovery.

Assessment of volatile compounds variability among two Commiphora species using gas chromatography coupled with chemometric analysis and their biological activities

ABSTRACT Commiphora wightii is an important medicinal plant often widely used in ayurvedic medicines. However, the chemical constituents of the essential oil (EOs) obtained from C. agallocha were not well explored. Therefore, the present study aims to get an extreme understanding of the comparative volatile composition of different accessions of two important Commiphora species, namely C. wightii and C. agallocha, using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), followed by multivariate principal component analysis and partial least squares discriminant analysis-based chemometric analysis. A total of 129 diverse volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were identified in EOs of both Commiphora species, and the concentration of VOCs varied significantly from species to species as well as from accession to accession. In C. wightii EO, 80 compounds were identified, containing sesquiterpenes followed by diterpenes, whereas 49 compounds were identified in C. agallocha EO with high sesquiterpene levels. The GC-MS and chemometric analyses distinguished C. wightii and C. agallocha species based on their qualitative and quantitative variations in terpenoid contents. Both EOs exhibited promising antioxidant activity to the positive standard butylated hydroxyl toluene. The EOs of the Commiphora species exhibited antimicrobial activities in disc diffusion and biofilm assays against two bacterial and one fungal strain; however, C. wightii EO displayed a strong inhibitory effect against Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Candida albicans compared to other EOs. In this study, we first reported the comprehensive profiling of terpenoid content of C. wightii and C. agallocha stems along with their antibiofilm activity against two pathogenic bacterial strains and one fungal strain in a comparative manner. Based on the comparative antimicrobial assay between two Commiphora species, the EO of C. wightii showed good biofilm inhibition potential against Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Candida albicans compared with EO of C. agallocha. Based on the current results, the two Commiphora species may be promising ingredients for applications in the pharmaceutical industry.

PTR-ToF-MS VOC Profiling of Raw and Cooked Gilthead Sea Bream Fillet (Sparus aurata): Effect of Rearing System, Season, and Geographical Origin.

This study explores the impact of geographical origin, harvest time, and cooking on the volatile organic compound (VOC) profiles of wild and reared seabream from the Adriatic and Tyrrhenian Seas. A Proton Transfer Reaction-Time of Flight-Mass Spectrometry (PTR-ToF-MS) allowed for VOC profiling with high sensitivity and high throughput. A total of 227 mass peaks were identified. Principal component analysis (PCA) showed a clear separation between cooked and raw samples, with cooking causing a significant increase in 64% of VOCs, especially hydrogen sulphide, methanethiol, and butanal. A two-way ANOVA revealed significant effects of origin, time, and their interaction on VOC concentration, with 102 mass peaks varying significantly based on all three factors. Seasonal effects were also notable, particularly in reared fish from the Adriatic Sea, where compounds like monoterpenes and aromatics were higher during non-breeding months, likely due to environmental factors unique to that area. Differences between wild and reared fish were influenced by lipid content and seasonal changes, impacting the VOC profile of seabream. These findings provide valuable insights into how cooking, geographical origin, and seasonality interact to define the flavour profile of seabream, with potential applications in improving quality control and product differentiation in seafood production.

Development of a VOC (Volatile Organic Compound) Measurement System to Identify Placebo Phenomenon in Emission Areas

VOCs (volatile organic compounds) can be used as a biomarker of placebo phenomenon, such as stress, panic disorder, health conditions, and many others. VOCs from the exhaled breath have different concentration levels that are also related to many health diseases. However, the use of VOCs as biomarkers in exhaled breath are very limited. Hence, this study aims to develop a novel e-nose (electric nose) system based on a VOC measurement system to identify placebo phenomenon in emission areas. For this purpose, a digital semiconductor VOC sensor and a microcontroller were used to detect VOC level. The developed system was tested inside a chamber for the initial calibration and comparation steps using fresh air and a comparator device. After calibration, the system was used to measure the VOC concentrations of 20 exhaled breath samples in the emission sampling areas (control and emission sources). In other sides, the VOC levels surrounding the emission areas were also measured using the comparator device. The placebo levels (PLS) of the exhaled breath samples were divided into PLS(-) or placebo negative and PLS(+) or placebo positive related to the placebo conditions. The sampling areas were divided into indoor and outdoor areas to identify the different placebo percentages and the dependence related to the emission levels. The results show that the emission levels of the emission sources are about 504-528 ppb, meanwhile, the control area (clean area) has <10 ppb of VOC levels. A higher VOC concentration, a higher PLS(+) percentage. The exhaled breath of PLS(+) samples contain >78 ppb of VOC levels, while PLS(-) samples has < 78 ppb of VOC levels (p < 0.05). It can be concluded that VOC concentrations in the emission sources has a potential to influence the placebo quantification in human psycological health. The developed e-nose system can be used to identify VOC levels as a biomarker of a placebo phenomenon.

Compositional Changes of Volatile Organic Compounds in Biogases and Biomethanes Depending on the Feedstock in Sweden

Biogas usually contains volatile organic compounds such as terpenes, siloxanes, halogenated hydrocarbons, ketones, alcohols, furans and esters whose presence in the biogas is highly dependent on the feedstock. These trace components can affect the integrity of the materials they come into contact with, e.g., equipment, pipelines and engines, and their presence in the gas may pose health, safety and environmental risks. Understanding the composition of gases is a prerequisite to ensure the correct function of gas infrastructure, appliances and vehicles. This study examined how volatile organic compound (VOC) content in biogas varies depending on the feedstock and evaluated the efficiency of different upgrading processes in removing VOCs. The data, primarily collected in Sweden, include biogases produced in digesters and landfills. The selection of VOCs included in this study was based on extensive analysis of samples collected from numerous biogas and biomethane industrial facilities over an extended period, providing a comprehensive overview of VOC composition. The conducted research is intended to serve as a basis for more systematic studies on the influence of process parameters and feedstock composition on the formation of VOCs. The data have multiple potential uses, including predicting which VOCs would be found in biomethane for a given feedstock and upgrading techniques. Additionally, these data can also be used in standardization discussions to assess the plausibility of the proposed limit values and the need to regulate additional compounds.

A Study of Volatile Organic Compounds in Patients with Obstructive Sleep Apnea.

Background: Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) is a prevalent sleep disorder characterized by intermittent upper airway obstruction, leading to significant health consequences. Traditional diagnostic methods, such as polysomnography, are time-consuming and resource-intensive. Objectives: This study explores the potential of proton-transfer-reaction mass spectrometry (PTR-MS) in identifying volatile organic compound (VOC) biomarkers for the non-invasive detection of OSA. Methods: Breath samples from 89 participants, including 49 OSA patients and 40 controls, were analyzed using PTR-MS. Significance analysis was performed between OSA patients and controls to identify potential biomarkers for OSA. To as-sess the differences in VOC concentrations between OSA patients and control subjects, the Wilcoxon rank-sum test was employed. partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) analysis and heatmap plot was conducted to visualize the differentiation between OSA patients and control subjects based on their VOC profiles.In order to further investigate the correlation between identified biomarkers and the severity of OSA measured by Apnea-Hypopnea Index (AHI), regression analysis was conducted between biomarkers and AHI Index. Results: The results identified specific VOCs, including m045 (acetaldehyde), m095.950, and m097.071, which showed significant differences between OSA patients and controls. Advanced statistical analyses, including PLS-DA and correlation mapping, highlighted the robustness of these biomarkers, with m045 (acetaldehyde) specifically emerging as a potential biomarker associated with the AHI Index. Conclusions: This study underscores the potential of VOCs as biomarkers for identifying patients with severe AHI levels. The analysis of VOCs using PTR-MS presents a rapid, non-invasive, and cost-effective method that could be seamlessly integrated into clinical practice, allowing clinicians to better stratify patients based on their need for polysomnography and prioritize those requiring earlier testing. Future studies are necessary to validate these findings in larger cohorts and to explore the integration of PTR-MS with other diagnostic modalities for improved accuracy and clinical utility.

Emission Characteristics and Health Risk Assessment of Volatile Organic Compounds in Key Industries: A Case Study in the Central Plains of China

Volatile organic compounds (VOCs), the precursors of ozone and fine particulate matter, are one of the atmospheric pollutants harmful to human health. The emission characteristics of VOCs in Anyang, a typical industrial city in the Central Plains of China, are unclear. To determine the emission level and composition of local VOCs, this study conducted on-site sampling of 20 factories in eight key industries. A total of 105 VOC species in seven categories were observed. The concentration of total VOCs emitted from the eight industries in order from large to small was as follows: packaging and printing > pharmaceutical > paint manufacturing > industrial coating > chemical industry > metal smelting > furniture manufacturing > textile printing and dyeing. In addition to industrial coating, the total VOCs and their corresponding ozone formation potential of organized emissions in seven industries (1.44–87.64, 1.52–181.61 mg/m3) were higher than those of unorganized emissions (0.38–24.17, 0.38–125.55 mg/m3). The VOC emissions were concentrated in the central, south-central, and south-eastern parts of the city, mainly from the factories in the packaging and printing, pharmaceutical, paint, and coating industries. The furniture manufacturing (4.55 × 10−3) and pharmaceutical (1.66 × 10−3) industries in organized emissions were at high risk of carcinogenesis, while the pharmaceutical industry in unorganized emissions (3.61 × 10−4) was at moderate risk of carcinogenesis. Naphthalene was the main high-risk compound. In terms of non-carcinogenic risk, the packaging and printing industry in organized emissions (228.51) and the metal smelting industry in unorganized emissions (16.16) had the highest risk, and the main high-risk compound was ethyl acetate.

Frequency locked whispering evanescent resonator (FLOWER) for biochemical sensing applications.

Sensitive, rapid and label-free biochemical sensors are needed for many applications. In this protocol, we describe biochemical detection using FLOWER (frequency locked optical whispering evanescent resonator)-a technique that we have used to detect single protein molecules in aqueous solution as well as exosomes, ribosomes and low part-per-trillion concentrations of volatile organic compounds. Whispering gallery mode microtoroid resonators confine light for extended time periods (hundreds of nanoseconds). When light circulates within the resonator, a portion of the electromagnetic field extends beyond the cavity, forming an evanescent field. This field interacts with bound analytes resulting in a change in the cavity's effective refractive index, which can be tracked by monitoring shifts in the resonance wavelength. The surface of the microtoroid can be functionalized to respond specifically to an analyte or biochemical interaction of interest. The frequency-locking feature of frequency locked optical whispering evanescent resonator means that the instruments respond to perturbations in the surface by very rapidly finding the new resonant frequency. Here we describe microtoroid fabrication (4-6 h), how to couple light into these devices using tapered optical fibers (20-40 min) and procedures for coupling antibodies as well as G-protein coupled receptors to the microtoroid's surface (from 1 h to 1 d depending on the target analyte). In addition, we describe our liquid handling perfusion system as well as the use of a rotary selector valve and custom fluidic chamber to optimize sample delivery. Step-by-step details on how to perform biosensing experiments and analyze the data are described; this takes 1-2 d.

Indoor Air Quality and Its Impact on Stunting Risk in Children

Indoor air quality is an important factor that needs attention in everyday life because it has a significant impact on health, especially for children under 5 years who spend almost 90% of their time indoors. Pollutants that pollute indoor air can increase the risk of infection in children, which can stunt their growth and cause stunting. Indonesia is one of the countries with the highest prevalence of stunting. Therefore, this study aims to analyze indoor air quality which can be a risk factor for stunting. This research was cross-sectional research. The research results showed that the concentration of Volatile Organic Compounds (VoC), CO (Carbon Monoxide), CO2 (Carbon Dioxide), and the number of microbes in the air exceeded the quality standard values ​​permitted for the air where stunted children live. Meanwhile, for home air for children who are not stunted, it does not exceed the quality standard value. This shows that the air quality in the homes of children who are pregnant is in the bad category with high levels of pollutants present. The bad effects of these pollutants can result in recurring infectious diseases in children, which can cause children to become malnourished, which can ultimately lead to stunting. The results of statistical testing using the Independent Sample T-Test for each parameter show a p value of 0.005, which is smaller than alpha, meaning there is a significant difference between the air quality in the room where stunted and non-stunting children live. This means that there is a relationship between air quality and the incidence of stunting in children.

Varroa Volatiles Offer Chemical Cues to Honey Bees for Initial Parasitic Recognition.

Olfaction mediated by the antennae is a vital sensory modality for arthropods and could be applied as a tool in pest control. The ectoparasitic mite Varroa destructor poses a significant threat to the health of the honey bee Apis mellifera worldwide and has garnered global attention. To better understand the chemical ecology of this host-parasite relationship, we collected and characterized the volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from V. destructor and used electroantennography (EAG) to record the responses of honey bee (A. c. cerana and A. m. ligustica) antennae to the different VOCs. Fifteen VOCs were detected from V. destructor using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), which mainly contained ethyl palmitate, followed by isoamyl alcohol, nonanal, and ethyl oleate. The EAGs for ethyl palmitate were higher at the lowest stimulus loading (5 μg/μL in liquid paraffin) in A. c. cerana compared to A. m. ligustica, suggesting that A. c. cerana may have acute sensitivity to low concentrations of some VOCs from V. destructor. After exposure to ethyl palmitate for 1 h, the relative expression levels of AcerCSP1 and AcerOBP21 in A. c. cerana significantly increased, as well as the level of AmelCSP1 in A. m. ligustica, while AmelOBP8 showed no significant changes. The results indicate that the EAG response was influenced by the VOC composition and concentration. A. c. cerana tended to be more responsive than A. m. ligustica to the VOCs of V. destructor. Our findings offer a deeper understanding of how bees recognize V. destructor, potentially using ethyl palmitate as a chemical cue.

The INGENIOUS project: towards understanding air pollution in homes.

This paper provides an overview of the INGENIOUS (UnderstandING the sourcEs, traNsformations and fates of IndOor air pollUtantS) project, aiming to better understand air pollution in homes. Although our homes are the microenvironment in which we spend most of our time, we know relatively little about the sources, transformation processes and fates of indoor air pollutants, or our exposure to them. INGENIOUS aims to address this knowledge gap by delivering: an indoor emissions inventory for UK homes; comprehensive air pollutant measurements in 310 homes in Bradford using a combination of low cost-sensors and more advanced air quality instrumentation; an analysis of the impact of indoor air pollution on outdoor air quality and vice versa using mobile measurements; insight into future indoor air quality using detailed air pollution models; identification of indoor air pollutants that warrant further toxicological study; and better understanding of the barriers and facilitators for behaviour that drives improved indoor air quality. Median daily PM2.5 and CO2 concentrations varied from 7.8 μg m-3 and 666 ppm in the summer, to 16.4 μg m-3 and 857 ppm in the winter respectively in our sampled homes. Peak daily PM2.5 concentrations above 150 μg m-3 were frequently observed across all seasons, and were driven by cooking. Cooking activities also generated high concentrations of volatile organic compounds during emissions measurements, such as harmful aldehydes (up to ∼50 ppb), and alcohols (up to ∼600 ppb) from a chicken stir-fry. Our sampled homes displayed a wide variation in indoor pollutant concentrations, with a strong link to behaviour, including frequency and type of cooking activities, and use of ventilation.

Changes in key volatile components associated with leaf quality of Pandanus amaryllifolius Roxb. alongside growth duration.

Pandan (Pandanus amaryllifolius Roxb.) are one of the traditional food materials in Southeast Asian countries. However, there has long been a lack of understanding of the differences in volatile organic compounds (VOCs) of leaves at different growth periods. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was used to identify and analyze VOCs in different leaf positions of Pandan in this study. The content of 2-Acetyl-1-pyrroline (2AP) was higher in L1-L3 and decreased with leaf growth, while squalene showed the opposite trend. The content of neophytadiene first increased and then decreased, reaching the highest in L15. L8 is the critical point at which the content of each major VOCs is balanced. Combining agronomic traits and VOCs content, leaves in L4-L25 position are suitable for harvesting. This study provides data support for scientific judgment of the harvesting site and time of Pandan, and provides theoretical basis for further utilization of VOCs of Pandan.

Comparative study on organoleptic properties and volatile organic compounds in turmeric, turmeric essential oil, and by-products using E-nose, HS-GC-IMS, and HS-GC-MS.

The properties, applications, and in vitro bioactivities of turmeric, turmeric essential oil (TEO), and turmeric essential oil by-products (TEO-BP) were evaluated using sensory analysis, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), gas chromatography-ion mobility spectrometry (GC-IMS), and electronic nose techniques. A total of 62 and 66 volatile organic compounds (VOCs), primarily terpenoids and sesquiterpenoids, were identified by GC-MS and GC-IMS, respectively. Distillation temperature, particularly at 90°C, significantly influenced the color and organoleptic properties of TEO, with variations in VOC profiles driving these differences. Molecular distillation at 90°C was found to optimize the purification and concentration of key VOCs in TEO. All turmeric samples demonstrated robust antioxidant and α-glucosidase inhibitory activities, with TEO-90 exhibiting the highest bioactivity. These results underscore the potential applications of TEO and TEO-BP in food and nutraceutical industries, offering a sustainable strategy to reduce waste and enhance the efficient utilization of turmeric resources.

Thermal Desorption Hyphenated to Comprehensive Two-Dimensional Gas Chromatography-Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry for Trace Analysis in Raw Renewable Gases-Application to Hydrothermal Gasification.

In the context of the energy transition, European countries pursue the common goal of increasing the share of renewable gases (from anaerobic digestion, pyrogasification, and hydrothermal gasification for instance) in the gas mix. Although produced gases are mainly composed of methane after upgrading, impurities of various natures and quantities may also be present in the produced raw gases and still after upgrading, including volatile organic compounds (VOCs) at trace levels that may have an impact on different stages of the gas chain even at low concentrations. These new renewable and/or low-carbon gases imply the need to develop new analytical tools to deeply characterize them, and thus fully manage their integration into the gas value chain. In this study focused on VOC analysis, a sampling approach using pre-concentration on an adsorbent phase was developed for gas sampling to ensure rapid collection, requiring only a small volume (≈100mL). Traces were then analyzed by thermal desorption hyphenated to a comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography time-of-flight mass spectrometer. After identifying the compounds, a semi-quantification method was developed to provide an estimation of the concentration of VOCs for each chemical family. The method was first developed on a biomethane sample before being successfully applied to a raw gas produced by hydrothermal gasification, in which around 250 compounds were detected at a trace level (total concentration equivalent at 200µg/L).

Characterization changes of volatile organic compounds in Aconitum sinomontanum Nakai (Gao Wu Tou) with different proportions of yellow wine steamed by GC-IMS, E-nose.

Gas chromatography-ion mobility spectrometry (GC-IMS) combined with multiple analytical methods and E-nose were used to study the differences in volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in 0 %, 10 %, 15 %, 20 %, 25 % yellow wine steamed A. sinomontanum and its raw products. The results indicated that the VOCs in different proportions of yellow wine steamed A. sinomontanum and its raw products were mainly composed of aldehydes, ketones, alcohols, ethers, esters, acids, and heterocycles. Among them, the contents of the aldehydes, ketones, heterocycles, alcohols and esters are remarkably higher than those of other compounds. The results based on multiple analysis methods such as PCA and fingerprint analysis showed that there were certain differences between steaming A. sinomontanum with different proportions of yellow wine and the raw products. Among them, yellow wine has a 15 % proportion and the highest content of VOCs, and perhaps the best proportion of yellow wine for steaming A. sinomontanum. Simultaneously, it is speculated that the unique odor of steamed A. sinomontanum may be related to the aldehydes and esters it contains, such as benzalde-hyde, 2-Methylbutanol acetate. In addition, the E-nose results of this study could be helpful for flavor identification and distinction of raw and processed products from A. sinomontanum.

Tracing the change of the volatile compounds of soy sauce at different fermentation times by PTR-TOF-MS, E-nose and GC–MS

Proton-transfer reaction time-of-flight mass spectrometry (PTR-TOF-MS), combined with electronic nose (E-nose), was first used to track the change of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in soy sauce in this study. The results showed that 163 VOCs with different mass numbers were identified. Based on the differences in VOCs, the entire fermentation cycle was divided into four stages (0D and 15D; 30D-75D; 90D; 105D120D). The key stage of aroma formation was on day 90, when the VOC content reached its peak. It was clear that the key feature differential component was nonanal and phenethyl acetate by partial least squares discriminant analysis model, which showed significant correlation with the fermentation time. Moreover, the Quadratic Discriminant Analysis and Linear Discriminant Analysis models can accurately predict the fermentation cycle of soy sauce. The results of study demonstrated the potential of PTR-TOF-MS for comprehensive online monitoring and distinguishing of VOCs change during soy sauce fermentation.

Dual spatial region flexible chlorine based ionic hypercrosslinked polymer synergistically adsorb formaldehyde and carbon dioxide

Efficient adsorption and purification of low concentration volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and carbon dioxide (CO2) mixture in high-humidity environments remain a daunting challenge for researchers. In this study, a dual spatial region synergistic adsorption strategy was proposed to achieve synchronous and efficient capture of formaldehyde and CO2 on flexible chlorine (Cl) based ionic hypercross-linked polymer (Cl-IHCP). Through the ordered self-assembly of ionic monomers, the array-distributed free Cl, terminal Cl, and pyrrole nitrogen (N) sites were integrated into the skeletal network of Cl-IHCP and formed ultra-microporous environment with two different adsorption regions. Different adsorption regions exhibited varying adsorption affinities for formaldehyde and CO2 molecules on three sites, thereby weakening their competitive adsorption and achieving high adsorption for both. Besides, the strong binding force of formaldehyde and CO2 molecules in different regions makes the skeleton-responsive swelling of Cl-IHCP, and created new adsorption microenvironments for the other adsorbate. This manner considerably enhanced the adsorption capacity of Cl-IHCP for formaldehyde and CO2 in mixed-component, increasing by approximately 45% and 70% respectively compared to single component formaldehyde and CO2. These fascinating properties enabled Cl-IHCP to synergistically adsorb formaldehyde and CO2 mixtures in high humidity environments. This study innovatively proposed a simple and cost-effective strategy for removing VOCs and CO2 under high humidity, providing a feasible solution for green air purification technology.

Research on the deodorization effect, mechanism and high-temperature rheological properties of SBS-modified asphalt by plant extract aldehyde modifier

ABSTRACT Asphalt produces harmful fumes during the heating process at high temperatures, seriously harming the environment and human health. To reduce the negative impacts that SBS modified asphalt fume emissions, this study has added three types of plant extract aldehyde modifier to SBS modified asphalt. Through an examination of the constituent parts and quantities of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in the flue gas, the deodorizing potential of aldehyde modifiers has been assessed. The deodorization mechanism was revealed by microscopic means such as fluorescence microscopy experiments and scanning electron microscopy. Lastly, the high-temperature rheological characteristics of the aldehyde modified asphalt have been examined by dynamic shear rheological (DSR) tests. The results of the study showed that the incorporation of aldehyde modifier greatly reduced the number and concentration of VOCs in the flue gas of SBS modified asphalt. Aldehyde modifiers increase the swelling level of SBS polymers in asphalt, promoting the formation of a tighter network structure among SBS polymers, which restricts the escape of asphalt fumes. They also improve the asphalt’s resistance to deformation and restored creep levels. It is made possible to reduce the pressure of hazardous asphalt flue gas on the environment by the deodorization treatment of SBS modified asphalt.

Effectiveness of corrosion protection of reinforced concrete with thermoplastic powder coatings

Abstract. In modern construction, there is a persistent trend of increasing levels of corrosive aggressiveness, which negatively affects the reliability and durability of reinforced concrete buildings and structures. Achieving their effective protection from corrosion under the complex influence of various destructive environmental factors, while considering environmental protection regulations, as well as the economic and technological aspects of sustainable development, determines the focus of scientific research towards the use of innovative, durable protective coatings, among which thermoplastic coatings hold one of the leading positions. When creating such materials, the key feature is ensuring the long-term preservation of the operational characteristics of building products and structures, with the implementation of environmentally safe and economically viable production technologies. A traditional method of protecting construction products and structures from corrosion is the application of liquid paint materials based on organic compounds. The drawback of these materials is the presence of solvents in their composition, which inevitably leads to their emission during production and application, with a corresponding catastrophic impact on the environment. In connection with the tightening of health and environmental safety requirements in the industrial finishing industry, the ecological aspects of the production and use of paint materials, especially regarding the content of volatile organic compounds (VOCs), heavy metals, and other harmful substances, are gaining paramount importance. This emphasizes the expansion of scientific research in the development of protective thermoplastic coatings that meet dual requirements: environmental friendliness and durability