Vocational Education Research Articles

The Impact of Human Capital and ICT Index on Local Economic Growth in Vietnam

This study aims to examine the factors of human capital and technology (ICT) that impact the economic growth of localities in Vietnam in the period 2016-2021. The study also evaluates the interactive impact between information technology factors and human capital factors on economic growth. The results show that the variables of the rate of labor over 15 years old, or the rate of workers with vocational training, have a positive impact on economic growth, while the factors of the number of people attending secondary school or spending on Education has a negative impact on local economic growth. The technology index (ICT) has a positive impact while the information technology human resource index has a negative impact on growth. Under the interactive impact of ICT, it can increase growth but can also reduce economic growth at a higher level. These results help provide some policy implications to help improve economic growth for localities in the next period.

Effect Of Compensation, Work Motivation, Training On Employee Performance Through Job Satisfaction As An Intervening Variable

The study aims to examine the effect of compensation, work motivation, training on employee performance through job satisfaction as an intervening variable. The sample of this research is 81 employees at PT Cheil Jedang Indonesia Pasuruan. The main data source in this research is questionnaires. The data processing application uses Smart PLS. The results showed that compensation (X1) has a significant positive effect on job satisfaction (Z) of PT Cheil Jedang Indonesia Pasuruan employees. Work motivation (X1) has a significant positive influence on job satisfaction (Z) of PT Cheil Jedang Indonesia Pasuruan employees. Job Training (X1) has a significant positive influence on job satisfaction (Z) of PT Cheil Jedang Indonesia Pasuruan employees. Compensation (X1) has a significant positive influence on the performance (Y) of employees of PT Cheil Jedang Indonesia Pasuruan. Work Motivation (X1) has no influence on the performance (Y) of employees of PT Cheil Jedang Indonesia Pasuruan. Training (X1) has a significant positive influence on the performance (Y) of employees of PT Cheil Jedang Indonesia Pasuruan Job Satisfaction (X1) has a significant positive influence on the performance (Y) of employees of PT Cheil Jedang Indonesia Pasuruan. Job satisfaction (X1) can mediate the effect of compensation, work motivation and training on performance (Y).

Intrincada construcción de identidad profesional y relaciones de poder: percepciones en docentes universitarios de Educación Física (Intricate construction of professional identity and power relations: perceptions in university Physical Education teachers)

Physical Education (PE) teachers, faced with the demands of a complex and changing society, warn that they are being placed before the educational system, as one of the main responsible for the crisis that university education is going through, events that disrupt the sense of professional identity forged during years of initial and in-service training. Aim. Understand the construction of representations of professional identity in a context of intersubjective positions of power based on interactive/reflective discourses among university PE teachers. Method. Qualitative, inductive, open coding, dynamic and interactive with support in Atlas.ti 8, for data analysis. Results. It is not possible to identify constructs-perceptions of professional identity, detached from a network, a field of very subtle arrangements and dissents that define positions, alliances, oppositions and intersubjective power relations among university PE teachers; Teachers go through tortuous experiences that prevent them from building their own identity; what exists is an attributed and pre-established identity; They associate their identity with “should be”, regulated-supervised by institutional-normative management and with ways of responding to the expectations and interests of others. Conclusion. In the current university management model, the teacher, in addition to assuming an attributed identity, linked to structural positions of dominance-subordination, experiences certain external pressures to abdicate his vocation and professional training in favor of the idea of ​​becoming a scientific and bureaucratic being. out of obligation. Institutional programs are needed to build university identity processes. Keywords: professional identity, university identity, university teaching, professional training, power relations, physical education teacher.

A systematic literature review on the reform of vocational education in China

A systematic literature review on the reform of vocational education in China

Breaking the WAVE and shattering stereotypes: addressing organizational change and team dynamics with female leaders

Research methodology The research consisted of a questionnaire and in-depth interview with the CEO. Secondary research was conducted to read through various articles and literature available on the organization. Relevant courses are organizational behavior/organization development/strategic management. Case overview/synopsis In a landscape traditionally dominated by male leadership, this case study highlights the compelling narrative of a new leader with an unconventional leadership style. This purpose of this case study aims to explore the change management challenges faced by Molade, CEO of WAVE, a leading vocational education social enterprise based in Lagos, Nigeria, as she grapples with the issue of organizational culture and gender bias and their impact on team dynamics while implementing a new strategy. Her leadership journey reflects not only personal triumphs but also the broader impact of diverse perspectives at the helm of organizational decision-making. Despite having over a decade of industry experience and being well-respected in her field, Molade is met with resistance and patronizing behavior from some of the existing team members who question her authority and decision-making abilities. The case discusses leadership challenges faced by Molade, a female leader, its negative implications on her performance and her ability to implement change within the organization. Ultimately, Molade’s perseverance and strategic thinking enabled her to successfully navigate her dilemma. Complexity academic level Undergraduate business course(s) which include organizational behavior, organization development and strategic management.

National Education Policy 2020: Paradigm Shift in Vocational Education for Aatmanirbhar Bharat

Vocational education is inevitable to inculcate and cultivate relevant skills in learners for individual and societal benefits. This is a sincere attempt to help an individual enhance self-confidence to contribute to the sustainable development of the nation. Education aims to develop skills among learners. In the 21st century, the need for skill development among learners is perspicuous but change has taken place in types of skills. At present, the emphasis is on the knowledge economy. Therefore, the type of vocational education and skill development has also changed. Vocational education paves the way to develop skills and produce skilled learners who can contribute significantly to a nation being self-reliant. The NEP 2020 has advocated for vocational education to be introduced from class sixth after keeping the requirements of the current century in view and with a vision to make Aatmanirbhar Bharat (self-reliant India). The NEP 2020 has also emphasised experiential learning for all-rounded development of learners. Vocational education can create a positive environment for the learners to boost skills required for individual growth leading to a self-reliant India. In this paper, the researchers have made a solemn effort to enumerate the relevance of vocational education and skill development in NEP 2020 for producing a skilled workforce to build a knowledge-based economy in India and laying the foundation for Aatmanirbhar Bharat (self-reliant India).

Mérnöktanár-képzés – Modellalkotás, szakmai szókincsfejlesztés, tantárgyi kapcsolatok

Vocational Teacher Training Programmes provide teachers of Vocational Education and Training schools. University of Debrecen Faculty of Engineering offers Vocational Teacher Training in five specializations, in form of cooperative training. The company specialists participating in the training teach prospective vocational teachers with modern professional knowledge. The aim of this article is to summarize the pedagogical experiences of the prospective vocational teachers, based on the content analysis of their lesson plans. The investigation focuses on prospective vocational teachers’ examples of modeling, professional vocabulary development and connections between subjects from their practical pedagogical training in Vocational Education and Training schools.

Curriculum Making Across Sites of Activity in Upper Secondary School Vocational Education and Training: A Review of the Research in Sweden

Purpose: This paper presents a qualitative systematic review of Swedish research on vocational education and training (VET) at the upper secondary school level over the past 20 years. The review is based on a theoretical model on curriculum making as social practice that may serve as model for comparative studies between countries. By introducing the model, the ambition is to open for new perspectives on VET curriculum in policy and practice. Questions regarding key themes and the interplay of discourses and processes across multiple sites in the education system have not been addressed in previous systematic reviews of Swedish VET research. Methods: The methodological approach in the present paper is a qualitative systematic research review with an integrative and interpretative purpose and research design. The qualitative review is based on the conceptual model of curriculum making as social practice, seeking to capture the inherent complexity and porous boundaries of education systems and movements of ideas, discourses and actors between sites of activity. The model is used for mapping the research, and a content analysis for identifying main themes and emphases and exploring and discussing the potential gaps that may inform future international research studies. Findings: The results show that the research is focused on the micro and nano sites of curriculum making, with connections to macro site activities of national curriculum policy enactment. Research focusing on the macro site of activity has an emphasis on national policy and policymaking regarding the relationship between academic and vocational knowledge/programmes and apprenticeship and employability. In the micro and nano sites of activity – which comprise the majority of the research – the main themes are vocational knowing and identity, teaching, learning and assessment practices and work-based learning. Conclusion: An observation is the absence of principals and middle leaders as actors and informants in the studies. There is little evidence of actors moving between sites of activity and the meso site of activity only comprise a very small part of the research. In this respect, there is a potential gap to be explored, not least regarding how local curricula and syllabi are made and shaped in terms of the influence of representatives from local authorities, companies, trade unions, employer associations, universities and regional agencies. Curriculum making as social practice has the potential to be used for comparative international studies and as a framework that takes national differences in VET education systems into account.

The Challenges Facing Vocational Education Online from the Teachers’ Perspectives

Purpose: This study investigated the obstacles facing vocational education online. The results of the questionnaire showed different views for the teachers and if there is an impact on these views according to the variables of gender and experience. Methodology: The study used the descriptive field survey method and included 132 teachers from different schools in the UAE. The study used a questionnaire to identify the obstacles to online vocational education in the UAE vocational schools from the point of view of vocational teachers. The questionnaire for vocational teachers consisted of (62) items distributed over five dimensions that measured the problems of vocational education. Findings: The findings showed that the use of online courses to teach vocational training seems difficult because of the practical aspect, which is an integral part of this kind of education. the study found equal views from both genders, as both groups were placed in the same conditions and were subject to the same laws and legislation. They apply the same study plan and face the same problems of capabilities, equipment, and financing problems. The results of the table showed that there are no statistically significant differences in the areas of problems and the total degree of problems in vocational education in vocational schools due to the years of experience variable.

A Combined Interventional Approach to Train Interview Skills in Autistic Transition-Age Youth.

The job interview can be challenging for autistic adolescents considering the required social communication skills. Further, having decreased awareness of personal strengths may make it difficult to advocate for oneself to a future employer. The purpose of the current pilot randomized controlled trial (RCT) is to examine the preliminary efficacy and feasibility of a combined interventional approach using: the Virtual Interview Tool for Autistic Transition-Age Youth (VIT-TAY) and Kessler Foundation Strength Identification and Expression (KF-STRIDE). Twenty autistic transition-age youth (TAY) were randomly assigned to two groups: an intervention group (n = 10) that received 9h of VIT-TAY (interviewing practice with a virtual human), and three lessons of KF-STRIDE (positive psychology intervention to learn and discuss one's personal character strengths) and a services-as-usual (SAU) group (n = 10). The primary outcome was measured using a video-recorded mock job interview performed at pre- and post-test, which was rated by blinded assessors. Secondary outcomes included self-reports of job interview skill, interview anxiety, work readiness and recent job search behavior. Paired samples t-tests revealed significant differences between pre- and post-test in the intervention group (but not the control group) on the mock interview total score (p = 0.02, d = 0.76) and self-reported job interview skills total score (p = 0.02, d = 0.75). The intervention group (but not the control group) had improvements in work-readiness (p = 0.06, d = 0.53) and job search behavior (p = 0.07, d = 0.52) that were characterized by medium effect sizes. This pilot study suggests that combining VIT-TAY with KF-STRIDE leads to improvements in performance-based and self-reported job interview skills.

Exploring public knowledge on technical vocational education in Ghana

The study examined the public’s knowledge of Technical and Vocational Education (TVET) in the Ayawaso-West Municipality, located in the Greater Accra Region of Ghana. Qualitative methods were employed to investigate the societal understanding of TVET, utilizing key informant interviews and focus group discussions. A purposive sampling technique was employed to select thirty-six (36) participants. Key informant interviews involved twelve individuals, consisting of ten parents and two school personnel. Additionally, three focus group discussions were conducted, with eight students participating in each group. Data was analysed through the lens of Solomon Eliot Asch’s theory of impression formation, which centres on beliefs and information availability. The limited public information and beliefs surrounding TVET serve as the foundation for downgrading the subsector. As the theory suggests, societal or public actions are based on the beliefs and information available to them. The results revealed two main themes: awareness and misconceptions regarding TVET. It was further revealed that while people are familiar with TVET and understand its importance, there exist misconceptions that TVET is only intended for specific groups within society. The study recommends that the government should actively engage in public awareness campaigns to highlight the significance of TVET.

Towards a Regionally Responsive Network implementation challenges in New Zealand’s reforms to vocational education

New Zealand has been undertaking major reform of its vocational education sector since 2019. Changes have been extensive, including the establishment of a national delivery body (Te Pūkenga), and the formation of workforce development councils, regional skills leadership groups, centres of vocational excellence, and a coalition of expert Māori advisors (Te Taumata Aronui). While a new government is reconsidering these structures, including stating a commitment to disestablish Te Pūkenga, it is timely to explore the key policy issues facing the vocational education sector. Accordingly, this case study considers how best to balance local and national interests. We suggest changes to ensure that the sector is well structured, governed and funded, and meets the needs of the communities it serves.

Mathematics video classes produced by students: a proposal to enhance learning

This work aimed to analyze whether high school students’ production of mathematics video classes enhances their learning. We examined how students learn function concepts when producing video classes. The research was carried out in two classes of the first grade of high school integrated into technical education in the federal network. In one class, students produced video classes, and learning was compared with that of the other class. Qualitative research was adopted, in which data were collected through questionnaires, interviews, field observation, and analysis of video classes produced by students. The video classes students created reproduced the classes they were used to watching, as they did not present innovations and/or different methodologies. Ultimately, we noticed a gain in learning with the video class production process. The students demonstrated the ability to work as a team, gained autonomy in their studies, and presented satisfactory results in the final assessments.

Concurrent Vocational Education Through Microlearning Approaches at Higher Education, Assessing the Capacity, Awareness and the Will of Universities in Garowe, Somalia

Purpose: The study investigated the possibility of establishing concurrent vocational education and training through microlearning platforms by assessing whether universities in Garowe had the minimum basic facilities to establish such programmes, whether academic staff were aware of the state of vocational education, its importance, the rate of unemployment in Garowe and Puntland in general, and whether university professionals were willing to establish these training programmes as concurrent options. Method: It was a survey study of a qualitative approach and data was collected using an inventory checklist of institutions capacity, a close ended questionnaire to academic staff on their general perception of vocational education and training, and detailed interviews of both academic and administrative staff purposively selected at higher education institutions in Garowe to find out their willingness as stakeholders to adopt vocational training at higher education using microlearning approaches. Findings: Universities in Garowe Puntland have the basic minimum facilities to establish microlearning oriented platforms although respondents emphasise that it should be supplemented with some physical practical sessions and modules. It is evident that introducing vocational education at higher education is one of the solutions to the unending graduate unemployment. However just like some respondents recommend, micro-learning for vocational education should be supplemented with some physical practical sessions and modules, hence a kind of blended approach. The study also found that there is hardly any career guidance done at the secondary school level and this affects choice of professional careers as students transition from secondary to tertiary education. Conclusions: It is evident from findings that the attitude towards vocational education in Puntland has not been good, although with awareness and given the increased rate of graduate unemployment, the attitude can also be changed gradually. The study recommends a needs assessment before establishing certain training programmes to avoid the recurring challenges of mismatch between training programmes and the labour needs plus a need to intensify their international and regional collaborations with more experienced organisations and institutions. There is need for a curriculum review process of the existing university curriculum to accommodate the vocational concurrent programmes.

Research on Vocational Education Management from the Perspective of Public Choice Theory

Vocational education contributes to the development of public values, with external effects on promoting social employment and achieving balance in educational structure. However, vocational education also enhances individual vocational abilities, which does not meet the standard of non-excludability. When individuals receive vocational education, it implies a reduction in the opportunity for others to enjoy vocational education. Public choice theory primarily features the analysis and discourse of political activities through economic analysis theory. Therefore, this paper, based on theories such as the attributes of public goods, the economic agent hypothesis, and government failure, focuses on elucidating the internal issues of schools, provision, and management in vocational education. It seeks effective methods to solve these problems to enhance the efficiency and quality of vocational education management.

Medical assistants’ comic styles and their potential for positive functioning at work: a cross-sectional study including a subgroup analysis

BackgroundMedical assistants are essential for the healthcare system. However, they face several working demands every day, for which they need resources to cope. While several studies show that humour can be a resource for healthcare professionals, studies on humour styles/comic styles in healthcare are scarce. But, as humour styles (e.g., light vs. dark) may have varying – and even negative – effects on positive psychological functioning, it is important to investigate their individual potential for medical assistants. Thus, this study investigates the relationships between medical assistants’ comic styles and their positive psychological functioning at work.MethodsApplying a cross-sectional design we assessed German medical assistants’ eight comic styles (i.e., benevolent humour, fun, wit, nonsense, irony, satire, sarcasm, cynicism) and facets of positive psychological functioning (e.g., well-being, feeling of competence). We analysed relationships between the variables by means of Pearson correlations, ANCOVAs and hierarchical regressions. All analyses were conducted with the total sample (N = 608; completion rate 44%) as well as a large subsample of medical assistants working in general medicine (N = 263).ResultsWhile most of the light styles (e.g., benevolent humour) relate positively to most facets, the dark style sarcasm relates negatively. The other dark styles showed coefficients around zero or even slightly positive ones (e.g., satire). Most relationships were also prevalent in the subgroup of medical assistants working in general medicine.ConclusionsThe eight comic styles might have varying potential for medical assistants’ positive psychological functioning at work, with benevolent humour being most adaptive and sarcasm being maladaptive. This study points to the relevance of raising attention regarding the (mal-)adaptiveness of different comic styles of healthcare professionals. Trainings of professionals (e.g., vocational education and training of medical assistants) might integrate the topic of humour (i.e., foster benevolent vs. caution against sarcastic humour) to build and maintain this helpful resource which professionals can use as a tool to master various challenges of everyday work (e.g., cope with stressful situations).

Beyond Bars: Transformative Strategies for Reducing Prison Congestion in the United States of America

The United States has an excessive number of incarcerated individuals. The number of incarcerated individuals surpasses 2.3 million, which is greater than any other country. This research analyzes the issue of overcrowding in US jails and presents innovative solutions. The paper commences by elucidating the prison system and the philosophical rationales for both punishing and rehabilitating offenders. The essay subsequently examines the imposition of harsh sentences, the government's "War on Drugs" campaign, flawed bail procedures, insufficient rehabilitation and reintegration initiatives, violations of parole and probation terms, challenges in allocating resources, and the accumulation of legal system delays that contribute to prison overcrowding. This analysis explores the ramifications of overcrowding on both convicts and staff, encompassing aspects such as emotional and physical well-being, safety, and the functioning of the prison system. The study suggests an inclusive approach to this key matter. In order to decrease the likelihood of repeat offenses and facilitate the process of reintegrating individuals into society, it suggests implementing more extensive rehabilitation programs that prioritize education, vocational training, and mental well-being. Additionally, it analyzes the potential for expediting jail construction and circumventing public resistance through the privatization of jails. Furthermore, it suggests the deliberate expansion of jails in order to accommodate a greater number of prisoners. It underscores the importance of implementing strategies to enhance the utilization of resources and the provision of services. Furthermore, it emphasizes the importance of overhauling bail procedures to prevent the incarceration of persons who are unable to afford it, thereby compromising the fundamental premise of presumption of innocence. Furthermore, it suggests the reduction of lengthy incarceration periods, particularly for individuals who have committed nonviolent offenses, while promoting alternative forms of punishment and rehabilitation approaches. Furthermore, it underscores the importance of implementing drug courts and restorative justice practices as a means to prevent incarceration of nonviolent offenders. Additionally, it advocates for the implementation of early release initiatives that give priority to the rehabilitation and reintegration of individuals into society, while also incorporating risk assessment and supervision. Final recommendation: Revise parole violation procedures to prioritize rehabilitation and fairness, rather than resorting to incarceration for offenders. Ultimately, the study highlights the urgency of implementing comprehensive prison reform to tackle the issue of excessive overcrowding and guarantee the humane treatment and rehabilitation of criminals. This research analyzes the issue of jail overcrowding in the United States from multiple viewpoints and suggests numerous effective strategies to decrease the number of people in prisons.

Counteroffers for faculty at research universities: who gets them, who doesn’t, and what factors produce them?

AbstractIn US higher education, faculty members may receive an outside offer of employment from an external organization, and then receive a corresponding counteroffer from their current institution. Counteroffers are written contracts made to individuals — either prematurely in anticipation of an outside offer, but most often after an outside offer — that outline improved salary, benefits, and/or other employment conditions with the hopes of retaining them. Though the norm of the “retention offer” is pervasive in the academy, in practice it can be much more nebulous, inefficient, discretionary, and inequitable. Few studies, however, empirically examine this process. In this study, we analyze quantitative institutional and survey data collected from 650 faculty by the Collaborative on Academic Careers in Higher Education (COACHE) to explore whether certain populations of faculty are more likely to receive counteroffers, and why. We found that women and racially minoritized scholars were less likely to receive counteroffers, and identified other factors that impact reception of counteroffers like faculty members’ desire to leave and their notification of leadership. We conclude by situating findings within extant research and offering implications for future research on counteroffers and their practice in faculty retention.

PEDAGOGICAL MONITORING OF PROFESSIONAL TRAINING FUTURE SPECIALISTS IN THE SOCIAL SPHERE IN THE PROCESS OF APPLICATION OF ELECTRONIC LEARNING

The article examines the content of pedagogical monitoring of e-learning of future social workers in higher education institutions. The modern level of e-learning in the institution of higher education has been revealed. Special forms and methods of working with students - future specialists in the social sphere are analyzed and substantiated. The list of necessary conditions for the formation of applicants for higher education with a system of theoretical knowledge, practical abilities and skills necessary for the effective realization of oneself as a professional social worker is provided; development and formation of theoretical knowledge that will contribute to the development of the student as a future specialist in the social sphere. The purpose of the article is to identify the problems of professional training and to study the special requirements for the development and implementation of electronic training courses in the process of professional training of social sector specialists capable of solving social problems. Considerable attention is paid to the problems of pedagogical interaction between the teacher and the student, based on the analysis, the strengths of e-learning are highlighted, and the expediency of its use is clarified. The main tasks are defined as follows: to identify and generalize the components of professional self-development as one of the complex forms of transformation of the inner world, which occurs in the process of self-movement of a person along his life path, on which a person knows himself, builds himself, understands the essence of his functioning; to investigate the peculiarities of vocational pre-university education as a focus for personal development on self-building, professional self-determination for the successful growth of professionals in the social sphere. Based on the results of the generalized analysis, it was concluded that the effectiveness and feasibility of e-learning takes into account not only the general principles of learning, but also the specifics of a specific field or subject. These technologies allow students to independently organize their educational process, develop independent work skills and improve their knowledge. The proposed e-learning technologies can be used in universities, faculties and departments where future specialists in social spheres are trained, as well as in advanced training courses with the aim of increasing readiness to interact with clients based on mastering a set of knowledge and skills aimed at transforming informational and reflective, professional-practical and professional-development technologies in the real conditions of the environment of the higher education institution. The conclusions confirmed the substantiation of the necessary pedagogical conditions for improving the quality of extracurricular activities in the environment of institutions of professional pre-higher education regarding future social workers in the conditions of globalization.

APPROVAL OF FORMATION OF PROFESSIONAL COMPETENCE OF FUTURE OPERATORS IN INFORMATION PROCESSING AND SOFTWARE

The article is devoted to the problem of researching the effectiveness of the process of forming the professional competence of future information processing and software operators in the process of professional training. It was found that the system of training future specialists in the process of professional training is aimed at ensuring their readiness for professional activity, taking into account all components of the educational process of the educational institution. It was clarified that the important factors of the problem of the formation of professional competence of future specialists in the process of professional training are inadequate readiness for professional activity and the appropriate level of their professional competence for such activity. It was revealed that the process of formation of professional competence of individuals for professional activity is influenced by the following factors: transformation of the content of training of future operators in information processing and software in professional (vocational and technical) education institutions; the prestige of the profession and its social significance; professional development and development of the personality of future specialists; acquisition of practical experience by students of education regarding the implementation of innovative technologies and project activities; purposeful mastery of professional skill and specialty; the formation of a culture of mastery and the readiness of qualified specialists for professional activity. It is specified that the formation of professional competence of future specialists in the process of professional training is oriented towards: purposeful formation of a complete system of professional competences in the process of professional training; development of motivational potential; enrichment of the development of individual and professional qualities, formation of self-assertion, improvement of personal and professional assets, acquisition of one's own style of work; accumulation of experience in professional skills for effective performance of professional activities, improvement of professional abilities and skills for further self-actualization, self-improvement of professional activities, development of quick adaptation to full-fledged future activities; improvement of assets of creative and scientific research, enabling professional self-development in professional activity. The study of the continuity of the development of future specialists to professional activity requires further development.