Vocal Group Research Articles

Influence of Carnatic Vocal Training on Voice Measures in Males

Introduction: Training is an integral part of learning any skill. The vocal training helps singers attain proficiency as they are the most demanding vocal group of all professional voice users. Hence, it is necessary to evaluate the influence of training on the singer’s voice. The current study objective was to investigate the influence of vocal training on voice measures (acoustic and aerodynamic) between male Carnatic singers with lower (6 months–5 years) and higher (6–10 years) training using novel task “mkaram” along with lyrical task. Methods: Group 1 consisted of 30 trained male Carnatic singers with lower vocal training, and group 2, thirty trained male singers with higher training in the age of 18–45 years. The acoustic (frequency-related parameter, cepstral, spectral, perturbation, and noise) and aerodynamic measures (maximum phonation time and s/z ratio) of voice were obtained. The test-retest reliability was conducted on a sample of 10% of the population from each group, with a 2-week interval between the tests. Cross-sectional study design was applied. Results: The statistical analysis revealed significantly decreased frequency-related parameters (semitones) such as the mean fundamental frequency, lowest fundamental frequency, highest fundamental frequency at the low register and the highest fundamental frequency at the middle register in group 2 during “mkaram” task (p ≤ 0.05). Similarly, one of the spectral-related measures 1st harmonic-2nd harmonic (dB) during lyrical task and one of the noise-related measure harmonic-to-noise ratio (dB) at the middle register during “mkaram” task showed a significant decrease in group 2 compared to group 1 (p ≤ 0.05). Test-retest reliability revealed that most of the parameters had “acceptable to excellent” internal consistency (Cronbach’s α >0.7 to 1). Conclusion: Few frequency and noise measures during “mkaram” task and a spectral measure during lyrical task showed to be sensitive in distinguishing the impact of vocal training on the voices of male Carnatic singers. The higher vocal training was found to help the singers to perform more efficiently with enhanced vocal range particularly in the low register and to some extent in the middle register. Indeed, the study highlighted the positive effects of vocal training on male Carnatic singers.

Application to combine questioning, stimulus presentation and external measurements in a real-life music eye tracking experiment

Studying people in real-life situations, such as making music in a vocal group, requires flexible and integrative measurement technology. Therefore, a digital browser-based survey instrument was developed for this study. It was designed to seamlessly introduce questions on participants' mobile devices through external control immediately after relevant events, aiming to achieve high accuracy in self-administered situational questions. In addition, chronological synchronization with supplementary measurements (here eye-tracking and audio recording) was incorporated. Digital features of this web app offer convenient integration into everyday situations, synchronous interviewing of multiple people, and gathering time-based data. Due to the numerous possibilities of the browser-based development interface, various other application areas can be opened up. The contribution of this article is:-App - explanation and offer for use-Feasibility report on the implementation of the app in an eye-tracking study with vocal groups

Improving The Ability of Vocal Group Through POMP2E Model Development for Students of Junior High School

This research aims to develop a POMP2E learning model that is valid/feasible, practical, and effective for use in learning the art of music in junior high schools. The type of research is Research & Development using the research and development procedures of the Gall, Gall & Borg model which was adapted from the Dick, Carey & Carey model. The research sample consisted of class IX students of SMP Negeri 1 Dolok Masihul as a group to test product practicality through one-on-one trials, small group trials (limited) and large group trials (field). Class IX students of SMP Negeri 3 Dolok Masihul tested product effectiveness through small group and field group tests. The data analysis techniques used were qualitative and quantitative descriptive data analysis techniques as well as experimental data analysis. Qualitative and quantitative data analysis is used to analyze model development data, namely testing instrument validity and product validity. Experimental data analysis is used for the validity and reliability of the tests used and the t test to see statistical differences in results between the experimental class and the control class. The results of testing the feasibility of supporting equipment instruments for the POMP2E model obtained a calculated average of 0.853, including the very feasible category. The results of the feasibility test for all POMPO2E model supporting device products obtained a calculated average of 0.874, including the category of very suitable for use. The results of the practicality test of using the POMP2E learning model and all supporting tools developed according to teacher responses obtained an average score of 89.32% in the very practical category, according to practicality according to students the average score was 88.56% in the very practical category. The results of the effectiveness test on the use of all POMP2E learning model products which were developed through three testing aspects, namely the cognitive, apective and psychomotor aspects, showed that the results of the POMP2E learning model's cognitive aspect effectiveness test were obtained N-Gain=0.73, including the high category with the interpretation of the category being quite effective in use. . The results of testing the effectiveness of the affective aspect of the POMP2E learning model obtained N-Gain=0.84, which is in the high category with the interpretation that it is effectively used. The results of testing the effectiveness of the POMP2E learning model for psychomotor aspects obtained N-Gain=0.76, which is in the high category with the interpretation that it is effective to use. Thus, it can be concluded that the POMP2E learning model developed is effective in improving the vocal abilities of groups of junior high school students.

The relevance and specificity of using choral works by modern composers in the class of «choral conducting»

In the article, the author addresses the issue of the repertoire of choral groups in the class specializing in Choral conducting. Works for a cappella choir have been one of the leading genres in the works of many modern composers for several decades. The popularity of secular choral music is associated with the development of collective musical education in educational institutions, as well as with the active participation of vocal ensembles in concerts, competitions and festivals. Spiritual compositions are also heard no less often, which is explained by the desire of composers and performers for spiritual pursuits that revived at the end of the twentieth century. Modern choral works use various innovative technologies that present a technical difficulty and require a certain methodological approach. The performance of works of this kind has a beneficial effect on improving the level of singing skills and professional competencies of future singers and choral conductors. The educational repertoire of choral students and the list of choral works performed by vocal groups at concerts/competitions/festivals have little overlap. If concert performers increasingly include music by contemporary authors in their program, then classical music still makes up a larger percentage of the repertoire in educational institutions. The following conclusions can be drawn from the study. Works for a cappella choir have been one of the leading genres in the works of many modern composers for several decades. The popularity of secular choral music is associated with the development of collective musical education in educational institutions, as well as with the active participation of vocal ensembles in concerts, competitions and festivals. Religious compositions are also heard no less often, which is explained by the desire of composers and performers for spiritual pursuits that revived at the end of the twentieth century. Updating the repertoire plays an important role in the education of music students. This is not only the study of innovative ideas of modern composers, the use of innovative technologies in teaching, but also the moral and ethical side. We have noted that in the music of the XXI century, the tendency to reflect reality and its constant changes is often applied. The performance of works of this kind has a beneficial effect on improving the level of singing skills and professional competencies of future singers and choral conductors.

The specifics of teaching the techniques of conducting gesture in the "Choral conducting" classroom

The profession of conductor is one of the most important musical specialties in the world. The conductor plays the role of the head of the orchestra or choir, is responsible for the accuracy and expressiveness of the sound of the work, and serves as an intermediary between the author and the performer. The nature of the music and the performance interpretation depend on the correct work of the conductor. There is an educational side to the conductor's work. The choirmaster, engaged in teaching, solves a number of educational tasks. The article examines the specifics of teaching conducting gesture techniques in the classroom in the specialty "Choral conducting", highlights the main aspects and problems of conducting a choral group, and compares the work of a choral and symphonic conductor. The technique of managing a vocal group – an academic, folk or church choir - implies the ability to read scores in different keys, arrange them, and correctly distribute the parts depending on the characteristics of the voices. The choir director also works with the literary text of vocal compositions. It is impossible to do without general musical and theoretical knowledge in the field of solfeggio, harmony, and polyphony. The technique of staging the conducting apparatus and the schedule of the timing schemes practically do not differ among the heads of instrumental and vocal groups. This can be explained by the general nature, the psychology of collective music making. However, we must not forget about the specific features of choral conducting. This is the relative smoothness of gestures due to the different allocation of voices than in the orchestra, as well as the non-use of the conductor's baton. The second important difference between a choirmaster and a symphonic conductor is the need to analyze not only the musical, but also the verbal text of the score. The characteristic of the composer's work is added to the characteristic of the poet's work or the features of oral folk art, if the exact author of the text is unknown. In the work of a chorus conductor, vocal performance is of great importance, which is related to the possibilities of the voice. Choral conducting is more intimate than orchestral conducting. The most obvious synthesis of these arts, which almost completely eliminates all differences, can be noted in the management of both vocal and instrumental groups at once: in operas, cantatas, oratorios.

Penerapan Metode SAW Dalam Menentukan Juara Lomba Kategori Vocal Group Di LPPN

The history of vocal music is very old. Even some experts believe that humans have started singing before they began to communicate with modern languages. Popular vocal music as we know it today is rooted in the traditions of European society in the Middle Ages. It was only the middle ages that everything progressed in a more modern direction. A decision support system (DSS) is a part of a computer-based information system that is used to support decision making in determining the best alternative within a particular company or organization and can also be used to rank in determining championships when carrying out various competitions. In this study, the authors used the SAW method to determine championships in vocal group activities held by the National PESPARAWI Development Institute (LPPN). This SAW method is the SAW method which is one of the best methods for ranking based on the different attributes and weights of each participant so that the results are more effective

Exploring the interplay of choreography and singing techniques in vocal group performances at Pekan Seni Mahasiswa Nasional Competition

A vocal group is a group of individuals with singing skills united in one Group with different vocal voices. Several voice levels in vocal groups range from soprano, alto, tenor, and bass. In the presentation of vocal groups, two aspects need to be considered: musical and non-musical. Some examples of musical aspects that need to be considered in group vocals are intonation, timbre, dynamics, technique, and arrangement of works. Apart from that, non-musical aspects also play an essential role in the presentation of vocal groups. Some examples of musical aspects that must be considered are costumes, props, and choreography. This research discusses choreography in Partere Voce, where the choreography can influence the breathing strength of the singers, so vocal group members need specific singing techniques. The method used for this research is data collection through interviews and observations. Researchers participated in the competition activities so that they knew the field conditions and felt what was complained about; after that, the researchers tried to find the main points of the problem and solutions to the perceived problems.

The effect of instrumental and vocal musical experience on tone categorical perception in individuals in a Chinese dialect area

IntroductionPrevious studies have shown that music training modulates adults’ categorical perception of Mandarin tones. However, the effect of music training on tone categorical perception ability in individuals in Chinese dialect areas remains unclear.MethodsWe recruited three groups of college students majoring in music in Chongqing, a dialect area in southwestern China. These groups included an instrumental music group (n = 31), a vocal music group (n = 32), and an instrumental-vocalist music group (n = 30). Additionally, we recruited a group of college students who did not receive any music training (n = 32). The accuracy and reaction time of the four groups were measured using the oddball task and compared to explore the differences in their tone categorical perception ability.ResultsConsidering both between-tone category and within-tone category, the three music groups showed both greater accuracy and shorter reaction times than the non-music group. Regarding the three music groups, no significant differences in accuracy and reaction time were detected between the instrumental and vocal groups. However, the instrumental vocalist group outperformed both the instrumental and vocal groups in terms of accuracy and reaction time.DiscussionResults showed that music training seems to have a positive effect on the categorical perception of Mandarin tone categories in Chinese dialect areas, and demonstrated that the combination of instrumental and vocal music training can further enhance tone categorical perception. To some extent, these findings provide a theoretical basis for the improvement of individual tone perception ability in dialect areas, and provided theoretical support for music and language education.

PSVI-18 Effects of Sow Vocalization and Scent on Complete Blood Cell Count During Early Weaning Period

Abstract Piglets are deprived of the touch, sound, and smell of their sow after weaning which results in biological stress. The present study investigated continuing exposure of sow vocalization and scent during the early weaning period on complete blood cell count. A total of 12 litters, 8 piglets (4 male and 4 female) per litter were selected at weaning and assigned to 1 of 4 experimental treatments: control, O (olfactory group with scent and no vocal stimulation), V (non-olfactory with vocal stimulation), VO (vocal stimulation and olfactory stimulation) as a 2x2 factorial arrangement. Vocal stimulation was emulated by an audio recording of the sows, which was gathered between day-7 and day-14 of sow lactation. It was collected from 6 sows and compiled into a comprehensive audio file including all the vocal output of the sow. The VO group was exposed to sow vocal for 20 minutes, followed by an empty hour on loop for seven days postweaning. For olfactory stimulation, cotton fabric was rubbed on the udders of the sow and vacuum sealed. The respective scent of the sow was placed in a mesh basket outside of the pen for approximately 48 hours. Blood samples were collected on day-1, day-2, day-6, and day-28 into K2EDTA vacutainer tubes. The blood was processed within 6 hours of collection using an automatic hematological analyzer (Hemavet 950S). Data were analyzed using mixed procedure of SAS (Cary, NC) with vocal, scent and day as main effects. Interactions between day x vocal showed statistical significance (P = 0.0215) with both the vocal and non-vocal groups having a reduction on mean platelet volume (MPV) from d 0 to d 2 and while the non-vocal group continued an upward trend from d 2 to d 28, vocal group failed to restore MPV levels until d 28. As for Platelet (PLT) in the day x scent interaction, non-scent group increased PLT from d 0 to d 2 and a sharp decrease from d 2 to d 6. However, a similar level PLT from d 0 to d 2 observed in scent group (P = 0.0433). Neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) decreased from d 0 to d 2 in all treatment groups. While control, V, and VO groups showed similar levels of NLR from d 2 to d 6, O group had increased NLR. This response on NLR is mainly driven by percentage of neutrophil (P = 0.0028) since no statistically significant difference on lymphocyte percentage was found. Results of this study indicated that continuing exposing scent potentially influences complete blood cell of weaning pigs, while the same effect was not found in sow vocal.

О НЕКИМ ФОНЕТСКИМ КАРАКТЕРИСТИКАМА СРПСКИХ ГОВОРА У РУМУНИЈИ (СВИНИЦА)

The paper presents some basic phonetic features of Serbian languages in Romania produced by speakers from Svinita: traits from the domain of vocalism (inventory and distribution), semi-vowel, syllabic l, final l, syllabic, vocal groups are reviewed, as well as certain features from the domain of consonantism. On the basis of field research carried out in September 2022, as part of the project Research on the Culture and History of the Serbs in Romania, which takes place within the Center for Scientific Research and Culture of the Serbs in Romania, funded by the Union of Serbs in Romania, the collected material was analyzed and are described in the paper and supported by examples of the characteristic phonetic features of this speech, so that it could be seen in the wider context of other speeches in the territory of Romania and Serbia.

Gamestop Investors as an Eng(r)aged Digital Public

The trading app Robinhood proclaims to be “on a mission to democratise finance for all,” but, during the GameStop Revolution of January 2021, Robinhood prohibited its users from selling GME. For a vocal group of users, this restricted access revealed that Robinhood’s democratising mission was a farce, and they took to Reddit to critique the company’s actions. Subsequent regulatory hearings were held, including a series by the U.S. House Committee on Financial Services that included testimony from the CEOs of both Robinhood and Reddit. We contend that participants’ arguments reflect rhetorical strategies used by technological innovators, users, and the institutions that regulate them to manage public engagement in the name of “democracy.” Using discourse from CEOs, policy makers, and redditors, we suggest that understanding the GameStop Revolution as a crisis of public engagement helps to theorise how digital publics form, how they are engaged, and how they negotiate public access and input into online infrastructures. We argue that Congressional testimony reflects critical digital publics that are necessary prerequisites for democratising digital infrastructure. While these arguments centre on the economic and the digital universe, we suggest that the insights can inform broader questions about public engagement.

PENERAPAN ALGORITMA NAIVE BAYES DAN SVM UNTUK ANALISIS SENTIMEN BOY BAND BTS PADA MEDIA SOSIAL TWITTER

BTS or Bangtan Sonyeondan is one of the vocal groups originating from South Korea, which is currently popular among Indonesian teenagers, resulting in many fans providing positive and negative comments through Twitter social media. The method used to determine whether these comments are positive or negative is by conducting sentiment analysis. The stages to perform data analysis are Preprocessing to clean the data, word weighting, labeling data into positive and negative classes, classification, and data visualization using pie charts. In this study, Naive Bayes and Support Vector Machine, were used for comparison, result of an accuracy score is 79% for Naive Bayes and 81% for Support Vector Machine. Among these two methods, Support Vector Machine achieved a higher accuracy score, and the sentiment analysis revealed that the comments obtained from Twitter users are predominantly positive.

“Doctors Aren’t Familiar with Your Tissues”: Self-Examination and Feminist Health Activism in 1970s Canada

This article explores the impact of self-examination as a tool of feminist resistance, an act of preventive health care, and a site where mainstream and alternative health models were debated in late twentieth-century Canada. In the early 1970s, a range of women’s health groups increasingly turned their liberationist critiques towards the structures of mainstream medicine, and the self-exam became a vehicle that allowed women to push back against what they cast as the systemic power imbalances involved with the traditional doctor-patient relationship. Both breast and pelvic self-exams became staples of the women’s health movement as feminists encouraged women to take health care into their own hands, both figuratively and literally. As the decade progressed, breast self-examination transformed from a niche feminist technique to a relatively commonplace preventative health practice, increasingly discussed within popular women’s magazines across North America. Pelvic self-examination remained more controversial as the practice was denounced by a small but vocal group of Canadian physicians, resentful of lay incursions into medical practice. Drawing on women’s magazines and feminist newsletters, archival files from Canadian women’s health centres, and debates about self-examination in national newspapers, we reveal how shifting narratives about women’s liberation, responsibility for preventative health practices, and medical authority intersected in the feminist practice of self-examination.

Analisis Bentuk Lagu “Bhuana Santhi” Karya I Komang Darmayuda

Purpose: This article is an analysis of the form of the song Bhuana Santhi by Komang Darmayuda. Bhuana Shanti performed by students of SMPN 1 Denpasar as Indonesia's representative in the 2014 international level vocal group (Celesta) has succeeded in making Indonesia proud as the best performer in the 2014 international vocal group event. The purpose of writing this article is to describe the form of the song Bhuana Shanti by Komang Darmayuda. Komang Darmayuda is the sole informant in writing this article. Method: This article focuses on the form of the song Bhuana Shanti by Komang Darmayuda in order to obtain the musical elements contained therein (melody, harmony/chord, and dynamics). Result and Discussion: Before obtaining the forms and musical elements contained in Bhuana Shanti's songs, the structure is first described, namely motifs, sentences, and periods. The musical elements that have been obtained through the process of analyzing structure and form will explain the beauty contained in the Bhuana Shanti song. Data in the form of numeric notation, audio, and information on the performance of the Bhuana Shanti song were obtained through direct observation and interviews with Komang Darmayuda as the composer of Bhuana Shanti. Analysis of the form of music is the most basic effort to find out the beauty contained in a piece of music. Implication: By writing this article, it is hoped that it can provide insight or material for consideration for future composers representing Indonesia in the international level vocal group (Celesta) event.

Biodiversity assessment using passive acoustic recordings from off-reef location—Unsupervised learning to classify fish vocalization

We present the quantitative characterization of Grande Island's off-reef acoustic environment within the Zuari estuary during the pre-monsoon period. Passive acoustic recordings reveal prominent fish choruses. Detailed characteristics of the call employing oscillograms and individual fish call parameters of the segmented data include vocal groups such as Sciaenidae, Terapon theraps, and planktivorous as well as invertebrate sounds, e.g., snapping shrimp. We calculated biodiversity parameters (i) Acoustic Evenness Index (AEI), (ii) Acoustic Complexity Index (ACI), and mean sound pressure level (SPLrms) for three frequency bands such as full band (50-22 050 Hz), the low-frequency fish band (100-2000 Hz), and the high-frequency shrimp band (2000-20 000 Hz). Here, ACI and AEI metrics characterize the location's soundscape data effectively indicating increased biodiversity of fish species for both the low-frequency and high-frequency bands. Whereas variations for SPLrms are prominent for three frequency bands. Moreover, we employ unsupervised classification through a hybrid technique comprising principal component analysis (PCA) and K-means clustering for data features of four fish sound types. Employed PCA for dimensionality reduction and related K-means clustering successfully provides 96.20%, 76.81%, 100.00%, and 86.36% classification during the dominant fish chorus. Overall, classification performance (89.84%) is helpful in the real-time monitoring of the fish stocks in the ecosystem.

"Heroin Mothers," "Methadone Babies," and the Medical Controversy over Methadone Maintenance in the Early 1970s.

This article situates the emergence of sensationalized news reports of "infant addicts" and the concurrently evolving study of neonatal drug withdrawal within the context of the expansion of methadone maintenance treatment (MMT) in the United States. It details how, in the early 1970s, concerns about pregnant narcotic addicts and their infants became part of the politically charged debate over methadone maintenance. The popular press amplified the apprehensions of a vocal group of pediatricians who saw in infants' withdrawal an indication of methadone's inherent harmfulness and potential toxicity. Increased access to MMT and its presumed normalizing effects on reproductive functions augmented these concerns. The ensuing controversy led clinical researchers to define, measure, and systematically study "neonatal abstinence syndrome," whereas the emerging media trope of the infant drug addict effectively undermined the claims made by MMT's proponents about the drug's therapeutic utility.

Virology under the Microscope-a Call for Rational Discourse.

Viruses have brought humanity many challenges: respiratory infection, cancer, neurological impairment and immunosuppression to name a few. Virology research over the last 60+ years has responded to reduce this disease burden with vaccines and antivirals. Despite this long history, the COVID-19 pandemic has brought unprecedented attention to the field of virology. Some of this attention is focused on concern about the safe conduct of research with human pathogens. A small but vocal group of individuals has seized upon these concerns - conflating legitimate questions about safely conducting virus-related research with uncertainties over the origins of SARS-CoV-2. The result has fueled public confusion and, in many instances, ill-informed condemnation of virology. With this article, we seek to promote a return to rational discourse. We explain the use of gain-of-function approaches in science, discuss the possible origins of SARS-CoV-2 and outline current regulatory structures that provide oversight for virological research in the United States. By offering our expertise, we - a broad group of working virologists - seek to aid policy makers in navigating these controversial issues. Balanced, evidence-based discourse is essential to addressing public concern while maintaining and expanding much-needed research in virology.

Virology under the Microscope-a Call for Rational Discourse.

Viruses have brought humanity many challenges: respiratory infection, cancer, neurological impairment and immunosuppression to name a few. Virology research over the last 60+ years has responded to reduce this disease burden with vaccines and antivirals. Despite this long history, the COVID-19 pandemic has brought unprecedented attention to the field of virology. Some of this attention is focused on concern about the safe conduct of research with human pathogens. A small but vocal group of individuals has seized upon these concerns - conflating legitimate questions about safely conducting virus-related research with uncertainties over the origins of SARS-CoV-2. The result has fueled public confusion and, in many instances, ill-informed condemnation of virology. With this article, we seek to promote a return to rational discourse. We explain the use of gain-of-function approaches in science, discuss the possible origins of SARS-CoV-2 and outline current regulatory structures that provide oversight for virological research in the United States. By offering our expertise, we - a broad group of working virologists - seek to aid policy makers in navigating these controversial issues. Balanced, evidence-based discourse is essential to addressing public concern while maintaining and expanding much-needed research in virology.

Virology under the Microscope-a Call for Rational Discourse.

Viruses have brought humanity many challenges: respiratory infection, cancer, neurological impairment and immunosuppression to name a few. Virology research over the last 60+ years has responded to reduce this disease burden with vaccines and antivirals. Despite this long history, the COVID-19 pandemic has brought unprecedented attention to the field of virology. Some of this attention is focused on concern about the safe conduct of research with human pathogens. A small but vocal group of individuals has seized upon these concerns - conflating legitimate questions about safely conducting virus-related research with uncertainties over the origins of SARS-CoV-2. The result has fueled public confusion and, in many instances, ill-informed condemnation of virology. With this article, we seek to promote a return to rational discourse. We explain the use of gain-of-function approaches in science, discuss the possible origins of SARS-CoV-2 and outline current regulatory structures that provide oversight for virological research in the United States. By offering our expertise, we - a broad group of working virologists - seek to aid policy makers in navigating these controversial issues. Balanced, evidence-based discourse is essential to addressing public concern while maintaining and expanding much-needed research in virology.

Utah History Textbooks and Utah History

Utah History Textbooks and Utah History