Vocabulary Selection Research Articles

INDO-PAK STANDOFF 2019: A CRITICAL DISCOURSE ANALYSIS OF SELECTED TWEETS FROM INTER-SERVICES PUBLIC RELATIONS

Background and Purpose: Social Networking Services (SNS), especially Twitter, have been an increasingly popular communication medium, especially in political transformation. This research analyses the language of tweets by Director General Inter-Services Public Relations (DG ISPR) of Pakistan, shared during the recent standoff between India and Pakistan on the issue of the Pulwama Attack in February 2019 and the Revocation of Article 370 by the Indian Government in August 2019.
 
 Methodology: The present research examines the linguistic techniques, and micro and macro approaches used in the discourse of tweets by DG ISPR on the said issues. Selection of vocabulary, tone of the message, and emotion in the discourse are studied through Ideological Square Model under the umbrella of CDA, with the aid of NVivo 12 Plus, to inspect the magnitude of the impact of linguistic memorandums from authoritative institutes.
 
 Findings: This study has revealed that the impeccable choice of vocabulary by ISPR adequately represented the Military of Pakistan, nationally and internationally, and has brought a state of tranquility at the time of standoff between two rival countries. This research argues that the discourse in tweets by DG ISPR represented Pakistan as a peaceful country but determinedly ready to defend its homeland during external enmity.
 
 Contributions: This study contributes a better understanding of the subtle ways in which language plays an essential role in creating political polarisation and constructing or manipulating reality while consolidating power struggle, discrimination, prejudice and inequality in society.
 
 Key Words: Pakistan military, Kashmir, ISPR, tweets, CDA, Ideological Square Mode.
 
 Cite as: Ashraf, R., Hassan Khan, M., Qazalbash, F., & Rahamad, M. S. (2022). Indo-Pak standoff 2019: A critical discourse analysis of selected tweets from inter-services public relations. Journal of Nusantara Studies, 7(2), 314-335. http://dx.doi.org/10.24200/jonus.vol7iss2pp314-335

공기청정기의 조형이미지에 나타난 감성 비교 분석

This study was conducted to understand the differences in emotions, commonalities, and consumers' purchasing tendency for the product's molding image for professional designers and non-professional general consumers. For the data, the final adjective vocabulary selection and questionnaire were structured through a preliminary survey of 60 product design experts in the first collection, and statistical analysis was conducted using the SPSS 21.0 program after collecting final data for 81 experts and 93 non-experts. As a result, even with the same perceptual characteristics, there was a difference in the evaluation values of experts and non-experts, and there was a difference in adjectives showing dominant characteristics in the difference through gender comparison. Therefore, in this study, it was confirmed that in the process of envisioning the molding image, the individual sensitivity of the designer should be reflected and the visual difference from the consumer should be considered first. These results can be used as basic data in designing a molding image of a product that reflects the sensibility and views of experts and non-experts in the future.

Textbook authors’ perspectives on selecting and instructing Chinese characters and words in beginner and intermediate textbooks

This article explores how leading textbook authors select and instruct vocabulary in beginner and intermediate Chinese textbooks used in the United States. Leading textbook authors were approached; subsequently; four authors completed interviews with pre-designed questions. Grounded theory methodology was used to analyse the interviews, and their textbooks were surveyed for clarification and additional information. For vocabulary selection, the four participants first decided content according to learners’ communicative needs. Next, the three participants, who provided primary written texts, coordinated the content with sequenced grammar. They then coordinated the content and grammar with frequently and widely used words. For vocabulary instruction, the four participants used the following approaches to teaching the spoken and written forms of characters: integration with facilitation, integration with progression, separation with coordination, or gradation. They also used the following strategies to systematically support the learning of characters: scaffolding, providing an overall framework, teaching more words in the spoken form than the written form and consolidating the written form for high-frequency characters, or gradation and self-controlled learning. They all consistently explained the meanings of radicals for characters and explored the meanings of words and their composite characters. A theoretical vocabulary model is proposed for vocabulary selection and instruction in second language textbooks. For textbooks with primary written texts, this model proposes first deciding content by contextualizing learners in specific situations for real-life communication, and then coordinating the content and sequenced grammar with established wordlists. This model also proposes various approaches to teaching the spoken and written forms of words, systematic strategies to support vocabulary learning, and specific methods to set up form-meaning connections from the paradigm of the target language. For textbooks using audiovisual materials as the primary input, this model proposes the possibility of achieving differentiated results. Pedagogical applications of the study results are discussed.

Interlanguage Performance of EFL College Students: Evidenced in the First Semester of the English Letters Major-Indonesia

In EFL teaching, it has been theorized that intelligibility can be achieved by relative closeness of oral performance to the standard of EFL proficiency. The current study sought to investigate the position of interlanguage performance of EFL college students in terms of intelligibility of the language product (Speaking). Ten students’ Mid Semester Tests of the Speaking Class were videotaped as the source of data in the study. They were in the First Semester of the English Department, majoring in English Letters. The oral performance of EFL college students as the research subjects were analyzed employing QDA Miner, a research software for text mining to position the students’ points of interlanguage approximation. As it was only a case study with a limited number of subjects, the findings may not represent EFL students in general. It was revealed that only minimum intelligibility had been achieved. The students produced ungrammatical utterances, mispronounced words, limited communication strategies, lack of sentence variations, and most surprisingly with only a narrow scope of vocabulary selection to express their unforgettable memories in monologues. The errors were attributed to the influence of the mother tongue (Indonesian or Javanese in particular) within the interlanguage boundary of English and Indonesian. Room for improvement is still ahead as they are heading for the next seven semesters in the English Department. The study, pedagogically, concludes that, in teaching EFL, considerably sufficient proportions of teaching pronunciation, grammar, and vocabulary, should be given throughout the process of learning for the students to achieve the standard of EFL proficiency.

New Standards of Senior High School Chinese Textbook in Indonesia: A Case Study of the Vocabulary

Abstract. Since the release of the 2013 Curriculum system by the Indonesian Ministry of Education, the vocabulary of Indonesian senior high school Chinese textbooks has constantly been changing. In 2021, The National Language Commission of the Ministry of Education, PRC, released the Chinese Proficiency Grading Standards for International Chinese Language Education (Grading Standard). In the same year, the Ministry of Education, Culture, Research and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia encouraged learning according to students' abilities and provided more expansive space for character development and essential competencies through the 2022 Prototype Curriculum system as an option for all academic units. This curriculum is a system implemented between 2022 and 2024 in the post-COVID-19 learning recovery. Based on the analysis of these new standards, we find out how to adapt to curriculum changes, find out which difficulties arise and how to overcome them. In this study, we use analytic and quantitative research to analyze the teachers' adaptation process to the two new standards in textbook vocabulary. Furthermore, we use the vocabulary statistics of Mandarin textbooks for senior high school, textbook compiling principle-based these two standards and related theory. Through the analysis and statistics of the vocabulary in this textbook, we found that teachers need to adjust some main words in adapting to the two new standards and make a vocabulary selection and supplement to the textbook vocabulary. In addition, to meet the standards of government textbook preparation and meet the expectations of textbook users to understand social life in China through vocabulary to achieve better communication, teachers need teaching resources for textbook vocabulary teaching in this adaptation.Keywords: Indonesian curriculum Prototype Curriculum,Vocabulary learning,Chinese Language new standard, Bahasa Mandarin/汉语 textbook.

THE USE OF YOUTUBE VIDEO BY NON-ENGLISH MAJOR STUDENTS FOR SPEAKING SKILLS

The Use of Youtube Video by Non-English Major Students for Speaking Skills. This study was conducted to investigate the use of social media especially YouTube by students the Non-English Major of the Faculty of Economics at the University of Palangka Raya. It was also to see the impact of using social media especially YouTube to improve their speaking ability. The study design of this study was descriptive qualitative. Fifteen students of the Faculty of Economics were selected as participants to speak in front of a handphone camera with the topics already prepared. Five online meetings were done to know their progress. The Semi-structured interview was also done to collect the supporting data of deeper information needed. The result showed that the use of social media especially YouTube gave a high impact on the speaking ability of Non-English Major students as seen from their video and deep information from the interview. However, there was various resistance dealing with the efforts to increase their speaking ability, they are psychological factors (lessmotivated, not confident),environment factor (the relationship with their environment), linguistic factors (finding references, vocabulary selection, speaking style, and gesture). The use of social media especially YouTube might make the students feel easier in overcoming the various resistance to improve speaking ability.

NAMES OF SOME WIDESPREAD SHRUBS IN THE FINNO-UGRIC LANGUAGES (JUNIPER, HAZEL, BIRD CHERRY)

In this paper, the author examines the names of widespread shrubs in the Finno-Ugric languages. Since natural and climatic conditions including flora in the places of residence of the Ugric peoples (Khanty, Mansi, Hungarians) are significantly different from those of the peoples who speak languages of the Finno-Permic branch, this article mainly discusses the plant names of Finno-Permic languages (Baltic-Finnic, Mordvin, Mari and Permic). The plants included in this study are juniper, hazel and bird cherry. The aim of this paper is to examine all folk names of these shrubs as a group of nominal vocabulary, to study the origin and territorial distribution of phytonyms, as well as the nomination of shrubs in the Finno-Permic languages. The Finno-Ugric folk names of shrubs are numerous and in most cases have been formed separately in every language. This trend is more typical for the names of herbaceous plants, while the names of trees are usually older and fewer in number. Zoosemisms (animals’ names) are found in the complex names of shrubs; most often they are the names of dogs and goats, but in the names of the shrubs considered in this article we could only find zoosemisms with the meanings ‛bear’ and ‛magpie’. For this article, the material was collected by the method of controlled selection of vocabulary in printed publications (lexicographic and other works). The study of lexis is carried out by descriptive and comparative-historical methods. When studying the nomination of plants, the method of component analysis and the method of semantic analysis are used. In total, the study includes more than one hundred and fifty different folk phytonyms (including phonetic variations), most of which are complex nouns, usually consisting of two components. The origin of these names is determined fairly accurately in almost all cases, including the cases of borrowing. For the convenience of semantic analysis, all the phytonyms examined are combined into lexical-semantic nests corresponding to nomination models. A total of 24 such nests have been allocated.

A Basic Study on the Development of Essential Korean Academic Vocabulary Collection Using Meta-metering

In this study, a basic discussion was conducted on the development of the “Essential Korean Academic Vocabulary Collection” necessary for teaching and learning major academic vocabulary that foreign students must know for academic performance before entering their major. Since there was no official academic vocabulary list, six appropriate academic vocabulary lists were meta-metered to secure sufficient vocabulary, and the source redundancy and grade information of each vocabulary were scored and evaluated. A total of 4,475 vocabulary words were listed and documented by meta-metering, and the importance was evaluated with 1,154 vocabulary roots excluding 971 sources per person. As a result of the evaluation, 550 of 1,154 roots with 50 or more points were selected as the main heading, and roots with 40 or more points were suggested to be additionally collected as needed if possible. Next, a discussion was conducted on the microstructure setting and technical method of the essential academic vocabulary collection. It was suggested that the microstructure of the collection could be largely composed of a heading presentation part, as well as a word family and usage presentation part. This study is meaningful in that it drew a blueprint for the development of a vocabulary collection that can use academic vocabulary for actual teaching and learning based on existing research for the selection of academic vocabulary. In particular, it is meaningful in that it has dealt with the areas that should be considered when it comes to actual development, and has also increased the possibility of this by analyzing and proposing plans from various angles.

Optimal vocabulary selection approaches for privacy-preserving deep NLP model training for information extraction and cancer epidemiology.

With the use of artificial intelligence and machine learning techniques for biomedical informatics, security and privacy concerns over the data and subject identities have also become an important issue and essential research topic. Without intentional safeguards, machine learning models may find patterns and features to improve task performance that are associated with private personal information. The privacy vulnerability of deep learning models for information extraction from medical textural contents needs to be quantified since the models are exposed to private health information and personally identifiable information. The objective of the study is to quantify the privacy vulnerability of the deep learning models for natural language processing and explore a proper way of securing patients' information to mitigate confidentiality breaches. The target model is the multitask convolutional neural network for information extraction from cancer pathology reports, where the data for training the model are from multiple state population-based cancer registries. This study proposes the following schemes to collect vocabularies from the cancer pathology reports; (a) words appearing in multiple registries, and (b)words that have higher mutual information. We performed membership inference attacks on the models in high-performance computing environments. The comparison outcomes suggest that the proposed vocabulary selection methods resulted in lower privacy vulnerability while maintaining the same level of clinical task performance.

L2 Spanish vocabulary teaching in US universities: Instructors’ beliefs and reported practices

Studies on teachers’ beliefs about vocabulary learning and teaching have focused, so far, on English as a second language (L2), or foreign language (FL), in different contexts but little attention has been given to other L2s and FLs. In this study, 15 Spanish L2 instructors at large universities were interviewed in order to better understand where they stand when it comes to (1) the importance they give to vocabulary, as compared to grammar, in their classes, (2) how they decide which words to teach, and (3) how they assess students’ word knowledge. These interviews were subsequently analysed following Grounded Theory. Most instructors declared favoring grammar over vocabulary in their courses because the former is seen as more challenging and useful than the latter and because institutional practices and materials also present such a preference. When it comes to vocabulary selection, most of them declared feeling insecure in their decisions due to lack of access to useful resources and to vocabulary goals not being stated clearly anywhere in the syllabi. This lack of clarity when it comes to vocabulary learning goals also results in doubts about the usefulness of even evaluating word learning at all and an overreliance on informal assessments.

VOCABULARY INPUT IN ESL TEXTBOOKS: A CORPUS-BASED ANALYSIS

Although textbooks are a major source in language learning, few research studies explored to what extent vocabulary input in ESL textbooks supports English language learning. The present study compares the vocabulary input of two English textbooks prescribed for Indian university undergraduate students. A corpus is constructed using online software based on the words in the textbooks. Comparison of frequency against different corpora reveals the differences in the order of words. The results are discussed both from a quantitative and a qualitative perspective. The analysis reveals that many words in the textbooks occasionally occur in common everyday language use and vocabulary selection in these textbooks demonstrates great variation in the number and selection of vocabulary. Therefore, the study confirms that the communication needs of learners are afforded greater weight than frequency criteria.<p> </p><p><strong> Article visualizations:</strong></p><p><img src="/-counters-/edu_01/0969/a.php" alt="Hit counter" /></p>

The development of a core key word signing vocabulary (Lámh) to facilitate communication with children with down syndrome in the first year of mainstream primary school in Ireland

Key word signing, an unaided augmentative, and alternative communication (AAC) system is commonly used by children with Down syndrome who attend mainstream primary schools. To ensure the successful use of key word signing within a mainstream environment, a meaningful, contextually appropriate sign vocabulary must be available to all communication partners. The aim of this study was to develop a core school-based key word signing vocabulary to facilitate effective communication between children with Down syndrome and their communication partners in the first year of mainstream primary school. Four key groups—participants with Down syndrome, their peers, teachers, and special needs assistants—and a speech-language pathologist contributed to the vocabulary over the course of an academic year, through observations, semi-structured interviews, and guided tours of the school environment. Based on criteria of frequency and commonality, 140 words were considered to be core vocabulary. The current study provides new insights into the complex process of vocabulary selection for children who use key word signing at school and highlights the importance of access to a functional sign vocabulary in facilitating inclusive education practices.

Linguistic terminology in lexicography: the experience of the gizaurus description

The review of S. V. Lesnikov’s “The Metalanguage of Linguistics” (2021) seems relevant due to the demand for such a genre of lexicographic representation of linguistic terminology today. The genre of the hysaurus itself in contemporary reference literature is distinguished by scientific novelty, therefore, the review pays special attention to the characteristics of the formal and substantive features of the hysaurus. Lesnikov’s work, created specifically to be used digitally, contains the following features of a dictionary: hypertext, expanded dictionary descriptions, multimedia, interactivity, and updatability. All the while, a significant achievement of S. V. Lesnikov’s work is the preparation of a printed version, which serves as an additional format for a digital ideographic dictionary on linguistic terminology, which involves the analysis and refinement of lexicographic information in an interactive format. The review notes other advantages of this type of lexicographical work. The reaction of the hysaurus to the expansionism and interdisciplinarity of modern linguistics is manifested in the coverage of three groups of terms: 1) special terms used only in linguistics; 2) terms of related branches of knowledge denoting the concepts necessary for a given subject area; 3) general scientific terms that exist in any branch of knowledge. The infographics used in the hysaurus is methodologically effective as it shows the reader the results of the lexicographical research. The depth of S. V. Lesnikov’s systematization of the terminological system of the metalanguage of linguistics shows the current development of linguistics as a science of the language. This review contains several remarks that are inevitable for this kind of research. Namely, the reviewer notes the problem of the principle of selection of vocabulary in the dictionary, the violation of the system in the presentation of material, the discrepancy between the electronic and paper versions of the hyasaurus on the example of narrative.

보완대체의사소통(AAC) 중재를 위한 청소년용 어휘 선택 체크리스트 개발 및 임상적 유용성 고찰

Background and Objective: Although vocabulary selection is one of the important factors in the Augmentative Alternative Communication (AAC) intervention process, it is challenging to identify studies related to methods of specific vocabulary selection, or tools for adolescents. In this study, we examined the usability of the vocabulary selection process by collecting and analyzing speech in various community environments for adolescents, and then producing a vocabulary selection checklist. Method: A vocabulary selection checklist was developed based on the vocabulary collected in various community environments for six middle school students (three males and three females). The clinical usability was investigated by speech language pathologists, special teachers, and parents. The evaluation questions comprised nine categories (i.e., seven objective questions, two subjective questions) associated with appropriateness, ease, and usability of the vocabulary selection checklist, and a 5-point Likert scale was also used. Results: The overall question average score of investigation of clinical usability revealed an average of 4.0 points. This checklist evaluated with the special education teacher (4.1 point), parents (4.0 point), and speech language pathologist (3.8 point) can be used for the vocabulary selection process of AAC intervention. Conclusion: This study is meaningful in that it established a checklist to support the vocabulary selection process of adolescent AAC intervention clients, as well as suggested practical use.

Selection of Korean business vocabulary and application-based education for Chinese learners

목적 본 연구는 한⋅중 양국에서 출판된 비즈니스 한국어 교재에 제시된 어휘를 대상으로 비즈니스 어휘 목록을 선정하여 애플리케이선을 기반으로 비즈니스 한국어 어휘 능력을 향상시키는 데 있다. 방법 비즈니스 한국어 교육의 개념과 분류를 통해 한국어 비즈니스 어휘의 특성을 밝히고 모바일 학습과 한국어 교육적 가치를 고찰하였다. 한국과 중국에서 출간된 한국어 비즈니스 교재에서 다루고 있는 어휘를 분석하기 위해 Excel을 이용하여 2차례에 걸쳐 어휘 선정을 실시하었다. 비즈니스 한국어 교육에서 사용하는 어휘를 살펴보는 것이므로 각 교재의 목표 어휘를 통계적 접근에 따라 1차 어휘 선정은 기본 어휘만 선정하였고, 2차 어휘 선정은 1차에서 선정된 어휘를 중복 빈도 기준으로 애플리케이션 기반 방법을 활용하여 선정하였다. 결과 한⋅중 양국에서 출판된 비즈니스 한국어 교재 7권을 선정하여 2차에 걸쳐 어휘 목록을 선정하였다. 1차 선정은 일상생활에서 주로 사용하는 기초 어휘를 제외하고 특수 목적 중에 비즈니스와 관련된 기본 어휘를 정량적으로 분석한 결과 3,285개 단어 중 19.6%인 644개 어휘를 선정하였다. 2차 선정은 어휘 빈도가 높은 어휘를 기준으로 644개 어휘 중 74.07%인 477개 어휘를 선정하였다. 결론 중국인 비즈니스 목적 한국어 학습자들에게 한국어 어휘 능력을 향상시키기 위한 어휘 목록을 선정하고, 애플리케이션 기반으로 효율적인 교육 방안을 제시하였다.

‘Wh- 질문’을 활용한 그림교환의사소통체계(PECS)가 자폐스펙트럼장애 학생의 문장 말하기에 미치는 효과

Background and Objective: This study examined the effects of the picture exchange communication system (PECS) using ‘Wh- questions’ on the sentence speaking of a student with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Method: The participant is a middle course student with ASD, currently attending a special education school. Sentence speaking means speaking sentences using all the vocabulary picture cards listed in the communication book. This refers to: 1) Answering the teacher’s questions in sentences, 2) Speaking with sentences while looking at the picture cards, 3) Repeating the sentences spoken by the teacher. PECS using the ‘Wh- questions’ is to first present ‘Wh- questions’ to remind the sentence components necessary to speak. Then teach sentence speaking to the student by identifying the vocabulary picture card corresponding to the components and composing the sentence on the PECS communication book. The changing criterion design was used, and the functional relation was proven by adjusting the criterion size and the section length. This is shown in the 3rd and 4th sections of the intervention. Results: As a result of the visual analysis, the percent of correct responses of sentence speaking improved as much as the criterion. Also, the effects of the intervention were maintained after the experiment. Conclusion: This study provides information on practical intervention procedures and vocabulary selection methods for teaching students regarding speaking sentences in schools, and suggests follow-up studies that can improve students’ sentence speaking.

Once Again about the Multifold Slavonic Translations and their Context: “On Prayer” by Evagrius of Pontus (CPG 2452)

The article examines the history of the Slavic translations of the work On Prayer by Evagrios (Evagrius) of Pontus (CPG 2452). The witnesses are more than 35 – in manuscripts of Russian, Serbian, Bulgarian and Moldavian-Wallachian provenance, from the 12th to the 17th century. Two translations are analysed, which are distributed in monastic collections compiled in different ways. The first of these can be situated in the context of the early parenetic literature of the First Bulgarian Kingdom (10th c.), and the other is related to the literary tradition and ascetical practices of Hesychasm in the 14th century. A version of the first translation, which appeared in the 14th century in the Bulgarian milieu is also considered. The comparison of the language of the translations with their Greek original allows for extremely interesting observations on the translators’ approaches. The reception of the text On Prayer is a key to understanding the processes that take place in the Slavic literature over a long period, characterized on the one hand by the continuity, and on the other by the introduction of new phenomena, both in the selection of vocabulary and in the compositions of the manuscripts as a whole. The history of the work On Prayer sheds light on the connections of the monastic centres on the Balkans, Russia, and Mount Athos.

Feminitives in teaching Ukrainian as a foreign language

The article is devoted to the development of a methodology for teaching feminitives of the Ukrainian language to foreign students. The authors analyze the structure of modern feminitives in the Ukrainian language, select units for training, and propose exercises to consolidate knowledge of the learned material. The problem of the formation of feminitives in different languages is relevant in connection with democratic social processes. Another area of study of feminitives concerns their structural features. The problem of the formation and functioning of feminitives is closely related to the phenomenon of linguistic political correctness in the use of gender-labeled words (especially the names of professions), the problems of word formation, and intercultural differences in the use of gender-neutral and gender-labeled words. The relevance of the work is due to the lack of development of a methodology for teaching feminitives in Ukrainian as a foreign language. Vocabulary plays an essential role in teaching the Ukrainian language to foreign students. The systematic accumulation and expansion of vocabulary are one of the main tasks during language learning. The general derivational tendencies of the development of feminitives of the Ukrainian language are: increasing the productivity of the suffixal way of the derivation of feminitives; updating and expanding the word-formation base of feminitives, especially through numerous borrowings; archaization of some derivational types of feminitives; activation of previously unproductive types; the spread of feminitives in the professional sphere to designate women by position, specialization, by type, place of activity, success, achievements, etc. Modern changes in society necessitate a more attentive approach to the selection and presentation of vocabulary and educational texts to a foreign audience. The language is constantly changing, which means that constant updating of educational materials is required as an important tool in the language environment for foreigners to familiarize themselves with the picture of the world of its native speakers. In this sense, the role of the authors of manuals and teachers of Ukrainian as a foreign language has been increasing, as they introduce foreigners to the modern Ukrainian picture of the world through the prism of their own perception.

Participant Vocabulary Use and Selection Differences in Serial Versus Parallel Presentation of Product Reaction Cards

This study looks at the effects on users’ choices when presented with Product Reaction Cards (PRC) in parallel and sequential order. Participants were given brief tasks on two websites and presented with PRC in parallel or sequential order to describe their sentiments. We found that participants selected 25% more words in the sequential condition, including the selection of more positive words (23%). However, the sequential condition took on average 5 minutes longer to complete word selection. Therefore, it is important to understand that the PRC presentation modality can affect the quantity and the choice of vocabulary used by participants.

On feature-based vocabulary selection mechanisms in late insertion: third person number agreement in the French future tense

We propose that feature bundles in syntactic computations coactivate subset vocabulary items in content-based access. Thus, in French, an inflectional node for the future tense bearing [Number: Plural] activates third-person singular -a underspecified for [Number: Ø] and third- person plural -ont specified for [Number: Plural]. These activations compete in externalization. [Number: Ø/Plural] defines a <-ont, -a> scale where plural-marked -ont carries more information than -a, allowing scalar inferencing in form selection. Given an activated Plural-marked -ont, -a (3ps.sg) is automatically interpreted as [–Plural] via scalar inferencing and becomes unsuitable for insertion. Thus, -ont (3ps.pl) must be selected when -a (3ps.sg) is eliminated. We tested our model assuming an interaction of cross-domain inferencing with morphological selection, using two experiments. In forced-paced reading and listening tasks, 19 native speaker subjects per task classified picture probes accompanying matching and mismatching subject-verb future tense agreement. Classification times for pictures semantically linked to the verb probed for an interaction between the processing of agreement morphology and the ongoing conceptual processing of the sentence. Classification times were modulated by the type of morphological mismatch. Singular verb form mangera (eat-fut.3ps.sg) in plural contexts slowed down picture classifications, whereas plural verb form mangeront (eat-fut.3ps.pl) in singular contexts did not. This specific interaction between purely formal agreement and conceptual-structure processing is unexplained by superset models of late insertion, or by interface relations, frequency, load of stored information, and phonological cohort activation. It suggests that domain-general principles of inference enrich domain-specific feature-based computations accessing vocabulary items through the coactivation of features.