Vocabulary Management Research Articles

ASSESING STUDENT PERPECTIVES

This study contains the evaluation of the textbook "Idiom Drills: For Students of English as a Second Language" based on the perceptions of five students of Tarbiyah Department of English at Institut Agama Islam Palangka Raya. The research method used for data collection was giving the physical book to five students, who were then evaluated using a questionnaire through Google Form and Tentative Checklist. The results of the analysis indicated that the book successfully met the learners' age-based usage needs, needs, and interests. The book is considered effective in vocabulary management, with the distribution of new words according to the level of learning difficulty. The book also offered a well-structured language learning experience, with tasks designed progressively from simple to complex, and using immersive natural language, which contributed to increased student engagement. However, the findings also identified some shortcomings in terms of unattractive layout, suboptimal use of text, and lack of additional support materials such as audio. The implication of these findings is the importance of enhancing and developing textbooks that are more effective and responsive to students' needs. It is, therefore, a valuable contribution to our understanding of textbook evaluation in the context of teaching English as a second language.

RANCANG BANGUN APLIKASI BELAJAR ARAB UNTUK ANDROID MENGGUNAKAN JETPACK COMPOSE DAN KOTLIN

Indonesia has the world's largest Muslim population, so learning Arabic is quite important and is widely practised throughout the country. However, learning Arabic is often done with less efficient and effective methods due to the problem of language differences that are quite far from the Indonesian Language. These differences can be seen in sound or phonetic systems, letters, grammar, and vocabulary management. This research was conducted with the aim of designing and building a system in the form of a simple language game with self-dictionary to overcome the problems faced by Indonesians who have or will learn Arabic. This Arabic learning app will be designed to be interactive and fun for Arabic learners in Indonesia with the default app instruction language also using The Indonesia Language. The design method will use the Agile method. The result of designing and building this Arabic Learning app is successful because all of the feature test conducted has been passed.

Extending and using anatomical vocabularies in the stimulating peripheral activity to relieve conditions project.

The stimulating peripheral activity to relieve conditions (SPARC) program is a US National Institutes of Health-funded effort to improve our understanding of the neural circuitry of the autonomic nervous system (ANS) in support of bioelectronic medicine. As part of this effort, the SPARC project is generating multi-species, multimodal data, models, simulations, and anatomical maps supported by a comprehensive knowledge base of autonomic circuitry. To facilitate the organization of and integration across multi-faceted SPARC data and models, SPARC is implementing the findable, accessible, interoperable, and reusable (FAIR) data principles to ensure that all SPARC products are findable, accessible, interoperable, and reusable. We are therefore annotating and describing all products with a common FAIR vocabulary. The SPARC Vocabulary is built from a set of community ontologies covering major domains relevant to SPARC, including anatomy, physiology, experimental techniques, and molecules. The SPARC Vocabulary is incorporated into tools researchers use to segment and annotate their data, facilitating the application of these ontologies for annotation of research data. However, since investigators perform deep annotations on experimental data, not all terms and relationships are available in community ontologies. We therefore implemented a term management and vocabulary extension pipeline where SPARC researchers may extend the SPARC Vocabulary using InterLex, an online vocabulary management system. To ensure the quality of contributed terms, we have set up a curated term request and review pipeline specifically for anatomical terms involving expert review. Accepted terms are added to the SPARC Vocabulary and, when appropriate, contributed back to community ontologies to enhance ANS coverage. Here, we provide an overview of the SPARC Vocabulary, the infrastructure and process for implementing the term management and review pipeline. In an analysis of >300 anatomical contributed terms, the majority represented composite terms that necessitated combining terms within and across existing ontologies. Although these terms are not good candidates for community ontologies, they can be linked to structures contained within these ontologies. We conclude that the term request pipeline serves as a useful adjunct to community ontologies for annotating experimental data and increases the FAIRness of SPARC data.

Planting Cedar: An Open Source Linked Data Vocabulary Manager at the University of Houston Libraries

This article describes the rationale for creating and maintaining Cedar, a linked data controlled vocabulary management system for the University of Houston (UH) Libraries, including the systems that support and extend its functionality. It also discusses the design process for Cedar, its interfaces, the vocabulary generation and management process, and how Cedar is utilized by UH Libraries systems and workflows. The article concludes with a discussion of issues encountered during application development, questions remaining to be answered around establishing policies for local term creation, lessons learned, and future plans for Cedar use and development.

Bioschemas & Schema.org: a Lightweight Semantic Layer for Life Sciences Websites

Web portals are commonly used to expose and share scientific data. They enable end users to find, organize and obtain data relevant to their interests. With the continuous growth of data across all science domains, researchers commonly find themselves overwhelmed as finding, retrieving and making sense of data becomes increasingly difficult. Search engines can help find relevant websites, but the short summarizations they provide in results lists are often little informative on how relevant a website is with respect to research interests. To yield better results, a strategy adopted by Google, Yahoo, Yandex and Bing involves consuming structured content that they extract from websites. Towards this end, the schema.org collaborative community defines vocabularies covering common entities and relationships (e.g., events, organizations, creative works) (Guha et al. 2016). Websites can leverage these vocabularies to embed semantic annotations within web pages, in the form of markup using standard formats. Search engines, in turn, exploit semantic markup to enhance the ranking of most relevant resources while providing more informative and accurate summarization. Additionally, adding such rich metadata is a step forward to make data FAIR, i.e. Findable, Accessible, Interoperable and Reusable. Although schema.org encompasses terms related to data repositories, datasets, citations, events, etc., it lacks specialized terms for modeling research entities. The Bioschemas community (Garcia et al. 2017) aims to extend schema.org to support markup for Life Sciences websites. A major pillar lies in reusing types from schema.org as well as well-adopted domain ontologies, while only proposing a limited set of new types. The goal is to enable semantic cross-linking between knowledge graphs extracted from marked-up websites. An overview of the main types is presented in Fig. 1. Bioschemas also provides profiles that specify how to describe an entity of some type. For instance, the protein profile requires a unique identifier, recommends to list transcribed genes and associated diseases, and points to recommended terms from the Protein Ontology and Semantic Science Integrated Ontology. The success of schema.org lies in its simplicity and the support by major search engines. By extending schema.org, Bioschemas enables life sciences research communities to benefit from a lightweight semantic layer on websites and thus facilitates discoverability and interoperability across them. From an initial pilot including just a few bio-types such as proteins and samples, the Bioschemas community has grown and is now opening up towards other disciplines. The biodiversity domain is a promising candidate for such further extensions. We can think of additional profiles to account for biodiversity-related information. For instance, since taxonomic registers are the backbone of many web portals and databases, new profiles could describe taxa and scientific names while reusing well-adopted vocabularies such as Darwin Core terms (Baskauf et al. 2016) or TDWG ontologies (TDWG Vocabulary Management Task Group 2013). Fostering the use of such markup by web portals reporting traits, observations or museum collections could not only improve information discovery using search engines, but could also be a key to spur large-scale biodiversity data integration scenarios.

The vocabulary and the morphology in spell checker

Automatic spell checker systems aim to verify and correct erroneous words through a suggested set of words that are the nearest lexically to the erroneous ones. The performance of such corrective systems differs according to the correction mechanisms implemented. The lexis of the automatic spell checker tools represents a main disadvantage. In this paper, we address the lexicon insufficient problem used in the automatic spell checker and we treated the problem of vocabulary management and its relation to the performance of a system of automatic spelling correction. In the first place, we developed an approach that aims to correct the derived words, considering that the most Arabic words are derived ones by adjusting the Levenshtein algorithm to our need, then, we show a dictionary management that helps us to minimize the number of comparisons.In this context, two axis were studied, the organizational aspect and the morphological aspect. For the first axis, we proposed a vocabulary management allowing the optimization of the access number to the lexicon’s file. For the morphological level, we exploited the derivation notion to reduce the number of the words to compare avoiding redundant comparisons.

Vocabulary Management at the Department for Education

UKeiG is committed to promoting the theory and practice of organising digital knowledge and information. ISKO UK, the UK Chapter of the International Society for Knowledge Organisation, is one of our partner organisations, overseeing the presentation of the prestigious Tony Kent Strix Award featured in this issue. ISKO brings together researchers and practitioners who develop and apply conceptual tools like semantic analysis and faceted classification. In previous issues we have emphasised that taxonomy and effective and systematically applied metadata continue to be key to breaking down information silos in organisations by enriching and structuring content, providing semantic context and integrating and linking disparate external and internal information resources. They underpin effective data management, information management and enterprise search. Helen Challinor contributes a fascinating case study of a project - Vocabulary management at the Department for Education - that takes us back to the essential basics of information retrieval, of nomenclature and thesauri. “This case study considers the use made of controlled vocabularies at the Department for Education. It outlines the principles of vocabulary management, before explaining the uses made of controlled vocabularies within the department. It includes explanations about why decisions were taken, how users were engaged and a forward look.”
 Helen writes: “Most developers have no idea that there is a science underpinning the management of subject vocabularies, and why would they? Neither do end users, and why would they? Devising innovative ways of explaining the nuances of vocabulary construction to developers and end users has been challenging, enjoyable and a significant deliverable from the project.”
 Keywords: Taxonomies, Vocabularies, Thesauri, Knowledge Management, Information Management

27 pawns ready for action

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to propose a methodology for assessing thesauri and other controlled vocabularies management tools that can represent content using the Simple Knowledge Organization System (SKOS) data model, and their use in a Linked Open Data (LOD) paradigm. It effectively analyses selected set of tools in order to prove the validity of the method.Design/methodology/approachA set of 27 criteria grouped in five evaluation indicators is proposed and applied to ten vocabulary management applications which are compliant with the SKOS data model. Previous studies of controlled vocabulary management software are gathered and analyzed, to compare the evaluation parameters used and the results obtained for each tool.FindingsThe results indicate that the tool that obtains the highest score in every indicator is Poolparty. The second and third tools are, respectively, TemaTres and Intelligent Theme Manager, but scoring lower in most of the evaluation items. The use of a broad set of criteria to evaluate vocabularies management tools gives satisfactory results. The set of five indicators and 27 criteria proposed here represents a useful evaluation system in the selection of current and future tools to manage vocabularies.Research limitations/implicationsThe paper only assesses the ten most important/well know software tools applied for thesaurus and vocabulary management until October 2016. However, the evaluation criteria could be applied to new software that could appear in the future to create/manage SKOS vocabularies in compliance with LOD standards.Originality/valueThe originality of this paper relies on the proposed indicators and criteria to evaluate vocabulary management tools. Those criteria and indicators can be valuable also for future software that might appear. The indicators are also applied to the most exhaustive and qualified list of this kind of tools. The paper will help designers, information architects, metadata librarians, and other staff involved in the design of digital information systems, to choose the right tool to manage their vocabularies in a LOD/vocabulary scenario.

Activity model for homogenization of data sets in laser-based powder bed fusion

PurposeAdditive manufacturing (AM) processes are the integration of many different science and engineering-related disciplines, such as material metrology, design, process planning, in-situ and off-line measurements and controls. Major integration challenges arise because of the increasing complexity of AM systems and a lack of support among vendors for interoperability. The result is that data cannot be readily shared among the components of that system. In an attempt to better homogenization this data, this paper aims to provide a reference model for data sharing of the activities to be under-taken in the AM process, laser-based powder bed fusion (PBF).Design/methodology/approachThe activity model identifies requirements for developing a process data model. The authors’ approach begins by formally decomposing the PBF processes using an activity-modeling methodology. The resulting activity model is a means to structure process-related PBF data and align that data with specific PBF sub-processes.FindingsThis model in this paper provides the means to understand the organization of process activities and sub-activities and the flows among them in AM PBF processes.Research limitations/implicationsThe model is for modeling AM activities and data associated with these activity. Data modeling is not included in this work.Social implicationsAfter modeling the selected PBF process and its sub-processes as activities, the authors discuss requirements for developing the development of more advanced process data models. Such models will provide a common terminology and new process knowledge that improve data management from various stages in AM.Originality/valueFundamental challenges in sharing/reusing data among heterogeneous systems include the lack of common data structures, vocabulary management systems and data interoperability methods. In this paper, the authors investigate these challenges specifically as they relate to process information for PBF – how it is captured, represented, stored and accessed. To do this, they focus on using methodical, information-modeling techniques in the context of design, process planning, fabrication, inspection and quality control.

Enterprise vocabulary management A lexicographic view

The central theme in this paper is the problem of shifting from natural language descriptions, as in traditional dictionaries and thesauri, to working IT (Information Technology) systems that support people carrying out their administrative tasks. An explicit description of the specific language used in an organization is necessary to guarantee properly working IT systems and a healthy flow of information. Traditionally, there are different ways of capturing such a vocabulary. Different options are considered, arguing that the general form of a thesaurus offers the optimal solution for a broad range of cases. Various requirements for such a thesaurus are examined. A real world example is discussed in some detail. Finally, the paper examines how modern Web technology can help optimizing the creation, management and use of enterprise thesauri. Using these technologies, the enterprise thesaurus can take up new roles in managing the information household of an organization.

Conceptual graph operations for formal visual reasoning in the medical domain

ObjectiveConceptual graphs (CGs) are used to represent clinical guidelines because they support visual reasoning with a logical background, making them a potentially valuable representation for guidelines. Materials and methodsConceptual graph formalism has an essential and basic component: a formal vocabulary that drives all of the other mechanisms, notably specialization and projection. The graph's theoretical operations, such as projection, rules, derivation, constraints, probabilities and uncertainty, support diagrammatic reasoning. ResultsA conceptual graph's graphical user interface includes a multilingual vocabulary management, some query and decision-making facilities and visual graph representations that are simple and interesting for user interactions. The described proposition using the Conceptual Graph user interface (CoGui) improves the performance of the actors in the diagnostic context of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. DiscussionCGs capture the essential features of the medical processes underlying clinical reasoning. CGs are indeed useful as a way for the physician to represent guidelines, and well-defined semantic representations allow users to have a maximal understanding of the knowledge reasoning process. ConclusionCG operations of visual representations that uncover some of the actual complexities of clinicians’ reasoning have been tested in clinical guideline comprehension and used to translate text and diagrammatic guidelines into computer interpretable representations.

Requirements for vocabulary preservation and governance

Purpose – The paper seeks to analyze the health of the vocabulary ecosystem in terms of requirements, addressing its various stakeholders such as maintainers of linked open vocabularies, linked data providers who use those vocabularies in their data and memory institutions which, it is hoped, will eventually provide for the long-term preservation of vocabularies. Design/methodology/approach – This paper builds on requirements formulated more tersely in the DCMI generic namespace policy for RDF vocabularies. The examination of requirements for linked open vocabularies focuses primarily on property-and-class vocabularies in RDFS or OWL (sometimes called metadata element sets), with some consideration of SKOS concept schemes and Dublin Core application profiles. It also discusses lessons learned through two years of development of the linked open vocabularies (LOV), of which main features and key findings are described. Findings – Key findings about the current practices of vocabulary managers regarding metadata, policy and versioning are presented, as well as how such practices can be improved to ensure better discoverability and usability of RDF vocabularies. The paper presents new ways to assess the links and dependencies between vocabularies. It also stresses the necessity and importance of a global governance of the ecosystem in which vocabulary managers, standard bodies, and memory institutions should engage. Research limitations/implications – The current paper is focused on requirements related to a single type of vocabulary but could and should be extended to other types such as thesauri, classifications, and other semantic assets. Practical implications – Practical technical guidelines and social good practices are proposed for promotion in the Vocabulary Ecosystem (for example, by vocabulary managers). Originality/value – This paper brings together the research and action of several important actors in the vocabulary management and governance field, and is intended to be the basis of a roadmap for action presented at the Dublin Core conference of September 2013 in Lisbon (DC 2013).

Machine Learning based Vocabulary Management Tool Assessment for the Linked Open Data

domain vocabularies in the context of developing the knowledge based Linked Open data system is the most important discipline on the web. Many editors are available for developing and managing the vocabularies or Ontologies. However, selecting the most relevant editor is very difficult since each vocabulary construction initiative requires its own budget, time, resources. In this paper a novel unsupervised machine learning based comparative assessment mechanism has been proposed for selecting the most relevant editor. Defined evaluation criterions were functionality, reusability, data storage, complexity, association, maintainability, resilience, reliability, robustness, learnability, availability, flexibility, and visibility. Principal component analysis (PCA) was applied on the feedback data set collected from a survey involving sixty users. Focus was to identify the least correlated features carrying the most independent information variance to optimize the tool selection process. An automatic evaluation method based on Bagging Decision Trees has been used to identify the most suitable editor. Three tools namely Vocbench, TopBraid EVN and Pool Party Thesaurus Manager have been evaluated. Decision tree based analysis recommended the Vocbench and the Pool Party Thesaurus Manager are the better performer than the TopBraid EVN tool with very similar recommendation scores.

Linked Data Vocabulary Management: Infrastructure Support, Data Integration, and Interoperability

Linked Data Vocabulary Management: Infrastructure Support, Data Integration, and Interoperability

Building a faceted classification for the humanities: principles and procedures

PurposeThis paper aims to provide an overview of principles and procedures involved in creating a faceted classification scheme for use in resource discovery in an online environment.Design/methodology/approachFacet analysis provides an established rigorous methodology for the conceptual organization of a subject field, and the structuring of an associated classification or controlled vocabulary. This paper explains how that methodology was applied to the humanities in the FATKS project, where the objective was to explore the potential of facet analytical theory for creating a controlled vocabulary for the humanities, and to establish the requirements of a faceted classification appropriate to an online environment. A detailed faceted vocabulary was developed for two areas of the humanities within a broader facet framework for the whole of knowledge. Research issues included how to create a data model which made the faceted structure explicit and machine‐readable and provided for its further development and use.FindingsIn order to support easy facet combination in indexing, and facet searching and browsing on the interface, faceted classification requires a formalized data structure and an appropriate tool for its management. The conceptual framework of a faceted system proper can be applied satisfactorily to humanities, and fully integrated within a vocabulary management system.Research limitations/implicationsThe procedures described in this paper are concerned only with the structuring of the classification, and do not extend to indexing, retrieval and application issues.Practical implicationsMany stakeholders in the domain of resource discovery consider developing their own classification system and supporting tools. The methods described in this paper may clarify the process of building a faceted classification and may provide some useful ideas with respect to the vocabulary maintenance tool.Originality/valueAs far as the authors are aware there is no comparable research in this area.

Tools of the Trade: Vocabulary Management Software

SUMMARY This article defines basic concepts relevant to controlled vocabularies and outlines criteria for evaluating vocabulary management software. A comparison of four representative vocabulary management products is provided in an accompanying appendix.

Faceted classification as a basis for knowledge organization in a digital environment; the Bliss Bibliographic Classification as a model for vocabulary management and the creation of multidimensional knowledge structures

The library classification scheme was the first means of subject access to information, but is largely disregarded as a tool for the management of electronic resources; modern classifications built on facet analytical principles are more appropriate to this purpose than is generally realised. Faceted classifications as exemplified by the Bliss Bibliographic Classification (BC2) are powerful tools for the management of vocabulary, characterised by a rigorous analytical approach to terms, and the clear identification of semantic and syntactic relationships and structures. The philosophy and function of BC2 are described, as is the process of building a knowledge structure on facet analytical principles. The range of related functions of such structures when employed as knowledge management tools (as classification, thesaurus, subject heading list, browsable index) is considered, as is the potential of facet analytical knowledge structures for the management of digital materials. Facet analysis is regarded as a powerful methodology for the creation of structures appropriate to specific retrieval requirements in a range of contexts, with emphasis on the problems of complex subject description and retrieval and multidimensionality.

An Approach to Managing Vocabulary for Databases on the Web

ABSTRACT This paper proposes an approach for managing vocabulary for reference databases on the Web. The approach is directed at domain specific databases in which much of the referenced material remains in non-digital form. A combination of interactive and manual processes are outlined along with a proposed implementation approach. For this limited class of databases, it is suggested that the approach can significantly improve vocabulary management with relatively low costs in manual effort.

Standards for indexing: Revising the American National Standard Guidelines Z39.4

This article discusses the nature of standards as tools to promote compatibility and improve practice, the role of research versus expert opinion in the creation of standards, the changing scope of standards for indexes in the face of the changing indexing environment, with the increasing use of automatic indexing, electronic displays, and electronic searching of non-displayed indexes. It describes the current draft of the NISO American Standard Guidelines for Indexes in Information Retrieval (Z39.4) in terms of three fundamental requirements: syntax, vocabulary management, and comprehensive planning and design. The article concludes with comments about the nebulous concept of good or accurate indexing and whether and how standards can be used advantageously. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.