Vocabulary Of Discourse Research Articles

English Borrowings in Economic Discourse (Based on Modern Russian Trade Advertising)

Currently, the spheres of the economy are expanding, which is reflected in the more frequent use of borrowed economic vocabulary in discourse. There are a number of ways to effectively influence the recipient of information. The role of advertising in this case plays an important role. It should be noted here that in the language of everyday communication, speech types combine various kinds of borrowings. It is they that penetrate into the discourse, are fixed in the lexical and semantic system of the language. The role of economic discourse in the creation of trade advertising should be noted. The renewal of compatibility and the appearance of figurative meanings in common economic terms have become a linguistic feature of the modern era.In the economic discourse we are studying, numerous possibilities of language are used to achieve goals, that is, various techniques, special words, expressions and sentences. Such a language has an impact on people, their relationships and behavior. In turn, commercial advertising, as one of the branches of economic discourse, usually consists of simple sentences. The purpose of commercial advertising is to fix the expression chosen for a particular brand in the memory of a person who wants to purchase this product. Obviously, simple uncomplicated sentences are easier to remember. Advertising should essentially be as concise, clear, and transparent as possible. Therefore, most of them are singlepart sentences.Discourse is a text in a certain communicative situation. In addition to the original words, there are also loanwords in it, which should be distinguished from terms and neologisms. The former can be borrowed and indigenous, inherent only in one particular language. A necessary requirement for the term, as well as its dignity, is its unambiguity. As for borrowed words, synonymy is quite acceptable when switching from one language to another. At the same time, becoming fixed in one language and replenishing its lexical fund, borrowed vocabulary becomes familiar to its speakers, it becomes part of any stylistic layer and thus no longer perceived as a neologism.In our case, most of these are anglicisms, which have an unusual structure and play an important role in the economic discourse reflecting commercial advertising. From the economists’ point of view, advertising is a kind of a marker of a product being advertised for sale, and for linguists it is a specific form of language functioning. But it is from these two positions that advertising with native and borrowed words attract attention. The analysis of English borrowings functioning in Russian economic discourse is the objective of this article.It dictates the formulation and solution of the following tasks: 1) to determine the criteria for the expediency of using English-language borrowings in the Russian language; 2) to identify ways of interpreting the meanings of borrowed words. The article analyzes variations of borrowed lexemes of words and their interpretation in connection with the division into separate categories.

Linguistic Analysis of Insta, Twit Posts and LJ Blogs in the Context of Their Functions (Based on the Russian Language)

<span lang="EN-GB">The present article is concerned with identifying the linguistic and extralinguistic features of </span><em><span lang="EN-US">Instagram, Twitter, </span></em><span lang="EN-US">and</span><em><span lang="EN-US"> Live Journal</span></em><span lang="EN-GB"> hypertexts, depending on their functional focus. The relevance of the topic is due to the need for a more detailed study of Internet communication from the point of view of functional and stylistic aspects. </span><span lang="EN-US">The study provides a comparative analysis of <em>Instagram, Twitter,</em> and <em>Live Journal</em> online services based on the Russian language material.</span><span lang="EN-GB"> The results are correlated with the questionnaire data on the studied problem. The article discusses graphic, lexical, stylistic, syntactic, and spelling features. The authors conducted a comparative analysis of the hypertexts of <em>Instagram, Twitter,</em> and <em>Live Journal</em> online services in the context of their functions; identified linguistic and extralinguistic features of the hypertext of the services under study; established the relationship between the language of the text and the function implemented. </span><span lang="EN-US">It has been established that all three online services perform, first of all, a communicative function, which is expressed through the use of slang, vernacular, online discourse vocabulary, graphic means, markers of increased emotionality, recreation of a specific accent/dialect, spelling and punctuation violations, incomplete, unextended sentences. Along with the socialization function, <em>Instagram</em> performs the function of self-presentation, for the implementation of which the authors of publications resort to linguistic creativity. Unlike <em>Instagram, Twitter,</em> and <em>Live Journal</em> fulfill a more political function, expressed in stylistic devices such as metaphor, comparison, irony, hyperbole, and repetition. </span><span lang="EN-GB">The results were verified using a questionnaire survey conducted among Russian students</span><span lang="EN-US">.</span>

Language Innovation in the German Migration Discourse

Since 2015 the migration crisis in Europe has posed new political, economic and security challenges in the European Union, particularly for the countries concerned. At the same time, a versatile discourse has emerged which has become visible to the public especially at the level of vocabulary, e.g. in the form of political catchwords as well as multi-word exegesis. These are characteristics of a dynamic discourse, but also signs of continuous linguistic change. This article deals with the problem of linguistic innovation against the background of the current migration crisis. The focus is on the question of how such a complex phenomenon as the refugee crisis is taken up linguistically in public discourse and what sort of changes it initiates. Discourse vocabulary is at the center of attention, because at this level the dynamics of discourse are the most visible. In addition to this, the research interest is devoted to the allusions that appear in the article headings. These are, in fact, creative means of producing new knowledge that also show a special achievement in the context of linguistic innovation in the refugee discourse.

A comparative analysis of teaching vocabulary in context and by definition

The study aims to prove a hypothesis related to the different ways of teaching vocabulary and their effectiveness. This study has been applied at two classes of the Department of Foreign Languages of TOBB University of Economics and Technology. These classes have been instructed on words in two different techniques; one of which is teaching vocabulary in discourse and context whereas the other is teaching words by providing only the word definitions. A vocabulary test composed of four parts has been constructed and applied before and after the instruction. The test has been applied in two steps as a pretest to show the selected words are unknown by the students and as a posttest to evaluate the effectiveness of both techniques. According to Levene's test in Independent Samples Test for the post-test, there is not a statistically significant difference in post-test scores of the two groups. As a result, presenting the target vocabulary items in context and by definitions does not make a remarkable difference in terms of overall performance.

The effect of promoting heuristic literacy on the mathematical aptitude of middle-school students

Heuristic literacy – an individual's capacity to use heuristic vocabulary in discourse and to apply the selected heuristics to solution of routine and non-routine mathematical tasks – was indirectly promoted in a controlled five-month classroom experiment with Israeli 8th grade students (N = 92). The experiment achieved a moderate mean effect size, which is in line with some previous research on heuristics. The novel result of the study is that those students of the experimental group who were below sample average at the beginning of the experiment benefited from the heuristically-oriented intervention significantly more than the rest of the students. It is argued here that this is, in part, due to communicational aspects of the intervention.

Measures of lexical diversity in aphasia

Background: Important to the assessment of aphasia are analyses of discourse production and, in particular, lexical diversity analyses of verbal production of adults with aphasia. Previous researchers have used type-token ratio (TTR) to measure conversational vocabulary in adults with aphasia; however, this measure is known to be sensitive to sample size, requiring that only samples of equivalent length be compared. The number of different words (NDW) is another measure of lexical diversity, but it also requires input samples of equivalent length. An alternative to these measures, D, has been developed (Malvern & Richards, 1997) to address this problem. D allows for comparisons across samples of varying lengths. Aims: The first objective of the current study was to examine the relationships among three measures of productive vocabulary in discourse for adults with aphasia: TTR, NDW, and D. The second objective was to use these measures to determine in what ways, and to what degree, they each can differentiate fluent and nonfluent aphasia. Methods & Procedures: Eighteen adults with aphasia participated in this study (nine with nonfluent aphasia; nine with fluent aphasia). Participants completed the Western Aphasia Battery (WAB) and produced language samples consisting of conversation and picture description. Samples were then subjected to the three lexical diversity analyses. Outcomes & Results: Results indicated that, although the measures generally correlated with each other, adults with fluent aphasia evidenced significantly higher D and NDW values than those with nonfluent aphasia when whole samples were subjected to analyses. Once samples were truncated to 100- and 200-word samples, groups differed significantly for all three measures. Conclusions: These findings add further support to the notion that because TTR and, although to a lesser extent, NDW are sensitive to sample size, length differences across samples tend to confound results. As an alternative to these measures, the use of D for the measurement of conversational vocabulary of adults with aphasia enables the analysis of entire language samples, so that discarding language sample data is not necessary. In the present study, D values differed for fluent and nonfluent aphasia samples.

Procedural vocabulary as a device to organize meaning and discourse

Abstract Procedural vocabulary has been defined as a type of core vocabulary with low lexicality and high indexicality (Widdowson 1983 1984; Robinson 1989 1992). This paper analyzes the linguistic notion of procedural vocabulary and proposes that several vocabulary concepts described by different authors (e.g. Vocabulary 3, Anaphoric nouns) are part of this type of vocabulary. The paper also discusses the role of procedural vocabulary in discourse and suggests that the concepts of schema and procedure are relevant for the description of this type of vocabulary and its categorization into two types: procedural defining vocabulary and procedural organizing vocabulary. Procedural defining vocabulary is used for negotiating meaning and for defining concepts related to a particular content schema. Procedural organizing vocabulary is concerned with the actualization of formal schemata and contributes to organizing the development of the discourse.