Vocabulary Class Research Articles

THE USE OF BLENDED LEARNING MODEL APPROACH THROUGH “SHANBAY” APPLICATION TO IMPROVE ENGLISH VOCABULARY SKILL AMONG GRADE 8 CHINESE STUDENTS

The quasi-experimental study focused on investigating the English vocabulary skill of Chinese grade 8 students before and after the use of Blended Learning Model (BLM) via the "Shanbay" application. The study also aimed to examine their learning satisfaction with this approach. The research participants consisted of 30 grade 8 students in Shandong, China. We collected quantitative data through vocabulary skill tests (pre-test and post-test) and a questionnaire survey. We analyzed these data using statistical measures such as the paired sample t-test, mean, and standard deviation, maintaining a significance level of less than 0.05. The results of the vocabulary skill test indicated that there was a significant improvement in the vocabulary skill of grade 8 students after they implemented the BLM through the "Shanbay" application, with a pre-test mean score of 37.37 (out of 60), a post-test mean score of 46.60, a mean difference of 9.23, and a significance value of 0.01. Additionally, the questionnaire results showed that students expressed high satisfaction with the use of BLM through the "Shanbay" application in their vocabulary classes. Therefore, the findings suggested that implementing the BLM through the "Shanbay" application effectively enhanced the students' vocabulary skills.

Mind Mapping Method: Its Effectiveness for Teaching Vocabulary

The memorization method used by the teacher made the students bored in their vocabulary class so they had low vocabulary mastery. Therefore, the researchers conducted a pre- experimental study by implementing mind mapping method to teach vocabulary. The study purpose was to find out whether or not mind mapping method was effective for teaching vocabulary. The research design used was one group pre-test post-test. This study population was 180 students of class VIII at a private Junior high school in Gresik. Meanwhile, this study sample was 30 students of class VIII D taken using a purposive sampling. The instruments used were the vocabulary pre-test and post-test. After the pre-test and post-test data was collected, the data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Then, the data were calculated their normality and analyzed using a paired sample test. The results showed that: (1) the average score of the pre-test was 56.67, the mean score of the post-test was 72 and the sig. (2-tailed) score of the paired sample test was 0.000. Thus, it can be said that the student’s vocabulary mastery became better after the mind mapping method implementation and mind mapping method was effective for teaching vocabulary.

Reverse Stable Diffusion: What prompt was used to generate this image?

Text-to-image diffusion models have recently attracted the interest of many researchers, and inverting the diffusion process can play an important role in better understanding the generative process and how to engineer prompts in order to obtain the desired images. To this end, we study the task of predicting the prompt embedding given an image generated by a generative diffusion model. We consider a series of white-box and black-box models (with and without access to the weights of the diffusion network) to deal with the proposed task. We propose a novel learning framework comprising a joint prompt regression and multi-label vocabulary classification objective that generates improved prompts. To further improve our method, we employ a curriculum learning procedure that promotes the learning of image-prompt pairs with lower labeling noise (i.e. that are better aligned). We conduct experiments on the DiffusionDB data set, predicting text prompts from images generated by Stable Diffusion. In addition, we make an interesting discovery: training a diffusion model on the prompt generation task can make the model generate images that are much better aligned with the input prompts, when the model is directly reused for text-to-image generation. Our code is publicly available for download at https://github.com/CroitoruAlin/Reverse-Stable-Diffusion.

THE EFFECTIVENESS OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE BY CHATBOT IN ENHANCING THE STUDENTS’ VOCABULARY

This research aims to find out the effectiveness of artificial intelligence (AI) by chatbot in enhancing the vocabulary students at FKIP Universitas HKBP Nommensen Pematangsiantar. The focus of the research is on the vocabulary skill in teaching English. This research uses the qualitative research methods and used interview and documentation from the students. There are 30 students for the subject of the research out of 70 students in English Vocabulary class of the first semester in English department of Universitas HKBP Nommensen Pematangsiantar. The results of the research are the artificial intelligence application through chat bot enhance the students’ vocabulary in learning English. The students feel enjoy, fun, easy to learn the English words. It can be applied in writing notes diary, essay paragraph in English. The researcher suggests the user of English such as lectures, teachers to use AI chatbot in the classroom instruction because it can be more effective for the students to get the meaning of the words in English. Hopefully the next reseacher can develop the research for more varying language proficiency. The result is that the artificial intelligence affect to the effectiveness in enhancing English vocabulary of the university students. It shows that all participants are enthusiastic, happy, and motivated because this application is still unfamiliar to participants. Participants also know the use of this application, so they can indirectly learn independently whenever and wherever participants

The Socratic Method of Instruction: An Experience in Vocabulary Class

The purpose of this study was to establish an environment for critical thinking in a vocabulary course at Universitas Pamulang by implementing Socratic questioning. The use of Socratic questioning aimed to reinforce students' techniques for mastering language and enhance their vocabulary skills. The participants in this study were students enrolled in the first semester of the English Department at Universitas Pamulang. The research followed a Classroom Action research design, which included two cycles of action implementation, class observation, and result analysis. The study utilized observation lists, questionnaires, and a vocabulary test as instruments. The data underwent qualitative analysis, which revealed that the average scores in each cycle demonstrated an upward trend from the pretest to the post-test. However, in the subsequent phase, a fluctuating, steady, and declining score was observed. The students employed Socratic questioning during the vocabulary test. The findings have shown that the use of Socratic inquiry effectively enhances critical thinking among students and facilitates vocabulary learning by prompting reevaluation. Consequently, it motivates students to engage in reflective thinking and provide precise answers.

ARABIC LANGUAGE LEARNING DEVELOPMENT IN THE USE OF JIGSAW METHOD AT MADRASAH ALIYAH AL-WASHLIYAH CLASS X. TEMBUNG PERCUT SEI TUAN

This study aims to improve Arabic language learning in using the Jigsaw method at Madrasah Aliyah Al-Washliyah in class Ten Tembung Percut Sei Tuan. The formulation of the problem in this study is how to improve the Jigsaw learning method in enrichment of student learning outcomes on Arabic vocabulary in class X at Madrasah Aliyah Al-Washliyah Tembung Percut Sei Tuan. Is there an increase in student learning outcomes in enrichment taught with the Jigsaw learning method. This class action research was conducted through 2 cycles which included planning, implementation, observation and reflection activities. While to determine the ability of students, researchers use student worksheets given to students. The population in this study was the entire class X of 26 students. From the research results, it can be seen that the results of the initial test (pre-test) in class X the percentage of classical completeness was obtained 54.38% (6 students). After giving teaching actions through the Jigsaw learning method, the student learning outcomes test I percentage of classical completeness was obtained 61.73% (20 students). While after improvement from cycle I, in cycle II, the results of learning test II (Post-test) obtained the percentage of classical completeness obtained 89.80%. From the results of this class action research, the researcher concluded that there was an increase in student learning outcomes by using the Jigsaw learning method in class X Madrasah Aliyah Al-Washliyah Tembung Percut Sei Tuan

The effectiveness of using visual communication in teaching vocabulary to non-English majors students at the Foreign Languages Center of Nguyen Tat Thanh University

Due to the essence of English vocabulary learning and its challenges, teachers tend to be in search of effective pedagogical techniques. The current case study aims to explore the usefulness of visual media in teaching vocabulary at Nguyen Tat Thanh University. A total of 240 non-English majors completed an online survey to express their opinions on using visual media in vocabulary class. Findings revealed the benefits, such as interesting learning conditions, stronger word memorization, improved learning strategies, high contexts for word practice, and convenient word meaning presentation. The perceived reasons were interesting, memorable content, different kinds of visualizations, interactive and extensive exercises, and the use of many senses. The results have a few applications to EFL vocabulary teaching and learning at the university. This study could make contributions to future studies as its findings delineated that visual media adapted from the coursebook can facilitate students’ vocabulary learning and foster their learning motivation. ® 2024 Journal of Science and Technology - NTTU

Utilizing Quizzes on the Duolingo to Promote Students Vocabulary Mastery

This research aims to find out the effectiveness of Duolingo games to help students' vocabulary mastery and describe students' perceptions of learning English using the Duolingo application. One of problems found in learning English is a lack of vocabulary that can make it difficult for students to understand texts, speak, listen, and write effectively. Limited student emphasis on acquiring vocabulary in class. In addition, schools that still use conventional learning methods make students bored. This research was conducted using qualitative methods using questionnaires and interviews to determine student perceptions. This research was conducted in one of Islamic senior High School in Tasikmalaya involving 33 students from class X participants. The results of this study indicate that students give a positive perception about the Duolingo application because most students (79%) agree more with learning English vocabulary using the Duolingo application as a medium of learning vocabulary. Apart from it, there are several advantages that can be drawn from using the Duolingo application as a medium for learning English vocabulary: 1) the Duolingo application make the students easy to understand the material; 2) the Duolingo application made the students more enthusiastic in learning English vocabulary; 3) the Duolingo application can eliminate boredom in learning; and 4) the Duolingo application encourage the students for generating new idea in learning.

Enriching Students’ Vocabulary through Quizlet in Reading Class

This study explored teaching media “Quizlet” to enrich students’ vocabulary in reading class. This study aimed to analyze the students’ perceptions on the use of Quizlet as teaching media in reading class. This qualitative case study research was conducted in one of an Islamic Senior High School in Ciamis. This study involved a tenth- grade consisted of seventeen students which were chosen purposively as the sample of the study. The data were collected by using questionnaire. The results of this study indicate that students have positive perceptions about using Quizlet as a learning media to enrich their vocabulary. Students agreed that the Quizlet application motivated them to learn English vocabulary and improved their learning performance. It can be concluded that the Quizlet application is considered as a useful and fun learning media to enrich students' vocabulary. Furthermore, the researcher recommends that further researchers investigate the use of Quizlet at various levels of education to get more in- depth and specific results regarding the use of Quizlet media in learning vocabulary.

Implementation of Sibi Sign Language Realtime Detection Program (Case Studi At Sekolah Luar Biasa Negeri 1 Tabanan)

Indonesian deaf people utilize SIBI to communicate using spoken words, gestures, facial expressions, and body language. SIBI, certified for Special Schools (SLB), helps deaf pupils communicate. This project implements SIBI (Indonesian Sign Language System) a real-time detection algorithm at Sekolah Luar Biasa Negeri 1 Tabanan using image processing and YoloV8 ultralytics deep learning. The program trains a sign language gesture detection model on Google Colab's GPU. The SIBI sign language images were used to train a YoloV8 object detection model. The camera captures movements, which the YoloV8 algorithm trained on SIBI gesture data processes. It can recognize gestures in real time and generate text to non-sign language users. The dataset has 107 class vocabulary and 7 class affix prefixes for complete gesture recognition. Shirt color, room brightness, and webcam quality affect detection rates. Optimal detection accuracy is 87.74% and subpar 58.02%. Despite these limitations, the strategy helps deaf students communicate more effectively with non-sign language speakers. This program improves inclusivity and communication in schools, making learning easier for hearing-impaired pupils. This work provides a reliable and quick sign language identification system to help deaf educators and caregivers with daily interactions and education.

The Role of English Language Newspapers in Language Improvement

This article explores the role that English language newspapers play in the improvement of English language. Even though English language newspapers are or may not be primarily designed to improve linguistic skills of learners, there are many ways by which a second-language learner can benefit from them. The newspapers have a variety of columns, ranging from news, views, articles, games, and so on, that are very interesting to the daily lives of readers. At the same time, the newspapers are prepared in such a way that they pass through a rigorous process of editing in terms of the verifiability of their stories and the linguistic formality of their sentences and paragraphs. The newspapers use a wide variety of word class vocabularies, phrases, idioms, and expressions to give metaphorical meanings to their stories. To the English language learner who reads those newspapers on a continuous basis and is given assignments by teachers to discuss, debate, have conversation, and answer comprehension questions from them, the linguistic benefits are enormous. This article explains how learners would be able to boost their vocabulary, reading skills, listening skills, as well as speaking abilities by using English language newspapers.

Translation and Semantic Shift of Islamic Vocabulary in English Abstracts: A Corpus-Based Study at an Indonesian Islamic University

Incorporating Nation’s vocabulary classification, this study investigates the translation and semantic shifts of Islam-related vocabulary in the abstracts of undergraduate and postgraduate theses. A corpus of 810 English and Bahasa Indonesia abstracts, sampled from a total of 1,928, was analyzed using Antwordprofiler and Antconc software. Findings indicate that translation strategies employed include phonetic alteration, pure borrowing, and one-to-one translation. Specifically, loanwords of Arabic origin were predominantly translated using pure borrowing, with some phonetic and/or orthographic modification in both Bahasa Indonesia and English. The translated vocabulary primarily consisted of Arabic-origin words with Bahasa Indonesia orthographic adaptations rather than their original Arabic forms. Additionally, semantic shifts were observed in the adoption of Islam-related Arabic vocabulary into Bahasa Indonesia. This is attributed to 1) the introduction of Quranic meanings, often differing from the common understanding of Arabic words at the time of the Quran’s revelation, and 2) modifications to accommodate the traditions of Indonesian local Muslim communities. The implications of this study highlight the need for translators to be aware of the cultural and religious contexts that influence semantic shifts. Moreover, this research underscores the importance of understanding the dynamic nature of language in the context of religious texts, which can lead to more accurate and culturally sensitive translations.

내러티브 과제 유형에 따른 초등 학령기 아동의 어휘 사용 특성

Background and Objectives: The vocabulary of an augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) system should reflect the AAC user’s needs and desires for successful communication. The selection of vocabulary should be based on the vocabulary used by the child’s peers. This study aimed to examine vocabulary usage characteristics of children in lower primary grades according to the type of narrative task and to select core vocabulary for use in an AAC system. Methods: We collected utterances from 20 children in lower elementary school for four narrative tasks (personal experience story, storytelling, explanation, and procedural descriptions). Characteristics of high-frequency vocabulary, core vocabulary, and word class vocabulary by task were examined. Results: Of the total number of words, the total frequency of core words was 77.28% (n = 26,400). The total number of other words was 2,677 (10.98%). The most frequent words in the core vocabulary were ‘-e(-에)’, ‘-ga(-가)’, and ‘-neun(-는)’. Conclusion: The inclusion of high-frequency words and core vocabulary in the narrative task can be used as a basis for vocabulary selection for school-aged children who use AAC systems.

Penerapan Strategi Index Card Match Berbantu Media Power Point untuk Meningkatkan Penguasaan Kosakata Bahasa Arab

The purpose of this study was to determine whether by applying the index card match strategy strategy assisted by power point media can improve the mastery of Arabic vocabulary of students in class IV MI Al Juharotunnaqiyah South Lampung. This research using Classroom Action Research (PTK) with Kemmis and . Mc Teggart model which was carried out in two cycles. Cycles. Data collection techniques were observation, documentation, interviews and learning outcome tests. multiple choice and description. The results showed an increase in student learning outcomes after applying index card match strategy assisted by power point media in the pre-cycle. pre-cycle, namely students who completed 7 (40%) and those who did not complete 14 (60%). 14 (60%). In cycle II there was an increase of 18 (73%) and those who did not complete 5 (21%). In cycle II there was cycle II there was an increase of 20 (87%) students who were complete and 3 (13%) who were not complete. 3(13%). So that there was an increase of 61%. Based on the results of research and data analysis, it can be concluded that the application of the index card match strategy assisted by power point media can improve students' mastery of Arabic vocabulary in Class IV MI Al Juharotunnaqiyah South Lampung.

Vocabulary improvement in students through the EMRED strategy’s wordwall application

The ability of students to understand Indonesian vocabulary in class II SDN Majalaya is still quite low and can be seen from the results of the Indonesian vocabulary test of students in class II SDN Majalaya regarding clean and healthy living. In addition, students only know about Indonesian vocabulary but do not necessarily understand the meaning of the vocabulary itself. Therefore, the research aimed to use wordwall application media using the EMRED strategy to improve students' Indonesian vocabulary mastery. This study aimed to see the improvement of student learning outcomes regarding the mastery of Indonesian vocabulary after the implementation of wordwall learning media and the EMRED strategy in class II SDN Majalaya. The method used in this research is the experimental method with the type of true experimental research, pre-test and post-test types. From 50 students’ samples, 30 students were taken to be used as research samples, that is, 15 students as the experimental group and 15 students as the control group. From the results of this study, it can be concluded that there is an increase in students' vocabulary mastery after the implementation of wordwall learning media using the EMRED strategy with the acquisition of Asymp scores. Keywords: EMRED Strategy; learning outcomes; vocabulary; Wordwall App.

A Comparison of Expressive Vocabulary in Spontaneous Language Sample and Parent Checklist of Young Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder

Objectives: This study aims to examine the differences in vocabulary abilities in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) using a parent checklist and spontaneous language analysis.Methods: Participants included 10 children with ASD, aged 18-30 months, and 10 typically developing children matched for language age. Data were collected using the Korean version of the MacArthur-Bates Communicative Development Inventory (K M-B CDI) vocabulary checklist and spontaneous language analysis. The total number of vocabulary and the number of 5 word classes of vocabulary were measured and a repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Pearson correlation analysis was performed to compare the two groups.Results: Children with ASD demonstrated a higher total vocabulary according to the parent checklist compared to typically developing children. However, there was no significant difference in the results of spontaneous language analysis. While the parent checklist indicated higher vocabulary across all five word classes for ASD children, spontaneous language analysis revealed that they predominantly used nouns and verbs, with fewer occurrences of determiners, independent words, and relational words. Moreover, the vocabulary overlap between the two methods was lower in the ASD group compared to the typically developing group. Conclusion: This study highlights the challenges faced by children with ASD in appropriately using their known vocabulary. It emphasizes the importance of considering not only the parent checklist but also analyzing spontaneously used vocabulary in real communication situations. This integrated approach may provide valuable insights for developing personalized interventions and therapeutic strategies for language development in children with ASD.

Implementasi Metode Drill dalam Mengatasi Kesulitan Menghafal Kosakata Bahasa Arab di Madrasah Tsanawiyah

The Research discusses the Implementation of the Drill Method in Overcoming the Difficulty of Memorizing Arabic Vocabulary at MTs Alkhairaat Pangi, Parigi Moutong Regency. With the following problem formulation: 1) How to implement the drill method in overcoming the difficulty of memorizing vocabulary in MTs Alkhairaat Pangi, Parigi Moutong Regency. 2) What are the inhibiting factors and supporting the implementation of the drill method in overcoming the difficulty of memorizing vocabulary in MTs Alkhairaat Pangi, Pangi, Parigi Moutong Regency.
 The results showed that the implementation of the drill method in overcoming the difficulty of memorizing vocabulary in Class VIII MTs Alkhairaat Pangi was carried out by the teacher by preparing 10 vocabulary words using image media that was pasted or written on the blackboard, after which the teacher and students practiced together repeatedly. Then the teacher evaluates the vocabulary that has been given to each student. The inhibiting factors are the lack of interest of students in learning Arabic and the lack of books that are used as references in learning Arabic. The supporting factors in memorizing students are school environment factors, the state of facilities and infrastructure, and support from parents.
 The implication of this research is for teachers to pay more attention to matters related to Arabic language learning, especially increasing learning reference books and always providing motivation to students so as not to get bored quickly in memorization. A lot or a little memorized vocabulary can improve students' mastery of Arabic vocabulary, so as to overcome the difficulties of students in memorizing Arabic vocabulary and make it easier for students to understand Arabic texts.

Words and Bots: An Empirical Experiment Vocabulary Mastery with Robotics in Young Children

This study aims to determine the impact of educational robot on increasing English vocabulary as a foreign language. Pre-experimental research design was conducted with 35 first grade junior high school students as sample. The pre-post English vocabulary test was given to the sample and the research were done in eight meetings. In the control class there was no action treatment and did not use robots in learning but in the treatment class, researchers used educational robots, namely the Evoce robot in learning. From the comparison between the two classes both the control class and the treatment class from the pre and post English vocabulary tests, the result finding showed in the t-test score based on the value of df = 35-1 = 34 at a significant level of 5%, a ttable of 1.0691 is obtained and at a significant level of 1%, a ttable of 2.441 is obtained. With a tcount of 9.899, which means that it is greater than ttable at a significance level of 5% and 1%, (1.0691 < 9.899 > 2.441) then Ho is rejected and Ha is accepted. In summary, the Evoce robot has given contribution in young learners’ English vocabulary. It recommended that the educational robot may become one of alternative media to be used for recent days for English vocabulary class.

Індексування негативного сентименту українськомовного тексту системою “TextAttributor 1.0”

Background. In the twenty-first century, the information space is a full-fledged battlefield. In the Ukrainian information space, the problem of text toxicity and hate speech is becoming increasingly important. Therefore, the interest of researchers in markers of negative textual tone, especially in media texts, is constantly growing. The article describes the structure and results of a separate module of the automatic system of statistical parameterization of Ukrainian-language texts “TextAttributor 1.0” – determination of the text toxicity index. The tasks are solved by two methods: the method of dictionaries and rules (calculation of statistical parameters) and the method of machine learning. The results of the study are based on the material of the corpus of online media texts of political discourse with a volume of 10 million word occurrences. To achieve this goal, a lexicographic database was created, including three dictionaries: Emotiogens, Hate Speech, and Toxic Compounds, and training and control samples of texts were formed to estimate the parameters of the selected model using machine learning. The project chose a computationally efficient architecture based on the fastText methodology and tools. The toxicity index is calculated by verbally identifying the negative sentiment of the text based on the linguistic and software-generated and is detected by the system-generated linguistic examination of the text, which displays a statistical map of semantic classes of negative vocabulary by classification markers of lexicographic lists, and the output of the neural network. Сonclusions.The “TextAttributor 1.0” system is at the stage of testing and improving its functionality, so the article describes an intermediate β-version of the system, but the results obtained in determining toxicity show that the developed methodology for quantifying verbal means by semantic parameters (negative emotionality) using dictionaries and rules and machine learning is effective in achieving the tasks set and makes it possible not only to determine the boundary between toxic and neutral text but also to approach the solution of the problem based on the lexical categories inherent in the text. The methodology for developing a module for determining the toxicity of media text in the “TextAttributor 1.0” system was described and published on the web application page in April 2024, but this information is published for the first time in the form of a research article.

Few-Shot Class-Incremental Audio Classification Using Dynamically Expanded Classifier With Self-Attention Modified Prototypes

Most existing methods for audio classification assume that the vocabulary of audio classes to be classified is fixed. When novel (unseen) audio classes appear, audio classification systems need to be retrained with abundant labeled samples of all audio classes for recognizing base (initial) and novel audio classes. If novel audio classes continue to appear, the existing methods for audio classification will be inefficient and even infeasible. In this work, we propose a method for few-shot class-incremental audio classification, which can continually recognize novel audio classes without forgetting old ones. The framework of our method mainly consists of two parts: an embedding extractor and a classifier, and their constructions are decoupled. The embedding extractor is the backbone of a ResNet based network, which is frozen after construction by a training strategy using only samples of base audio classes. However, the classifier consisting of prototypes is expanded by a prototype adaptation network with few samples of novel audio classes in incremental sessions. Labeled support samples and unlabeled query samples are used to train the prototype adaptation network and update the classifier, since they are informative for audio classification. Three audio datasets, named NSynth-100, FSC-89 and LS-100 are built by choosing samples from audio corpora of NSynth, FSD-MIX-CLIP and LibriSpeech, respectively. Results show that our method exceeds baseline methods in average accuracy and performance dropping rate. In addition, it is competitive compared to baseline methods in computational complexity and memory requirement. The code for our method is given at https://github.com/vinceasvp/FCAC.