Vladimir Province Research Articles

Семейное и наследственное право в жизни купеческого сословия XIX в. (на примере предпринимателей Владимирской губернии

The article analyzes archival documents that reflect the life of the industrial and commercial estate of the Vladimir province of the XIX century. These materials contain a significant array of paperwork on family and inheritance law. Their introduction into scientific circulation allows us to understand the laws governing the functioning of the system of protecting property and civil rights of the population, in the conditions of developing market relations and the dynamic growth of capital of the business class. Also, the documents examined by us allow us to determine the forms of interaction, control and subordination of administrative bodies. These documents to a large extent characterize the quality of life of the entrepreneurial class, mechanisms for regulating the private interests of citizens on the basis of legal norms that existed at a certain historical stage.

A. Bondyrev. Essay on the cholera epidemic of 1893 at the factories of V. Morozov's Manufaktur in Pokrovsky district, Vladimir province. ("Medical Conversation", 1894, No. 21, 22, 23 and 24)

The author had the opportunity to observe the sick partly in the factory hospitals, partly in free apartments. By the way, noting the conditions that somehow affect the individual predisposition to cholera, he suppressed that the female sex in general, among the predisposing moments, occupies a rather prominent place here.

Serfs of the Russian State or Free Rural Commoners? (Based on the Example of State Peasants of Vladimir Province 1841-1866)

The article analyzes the rights and obligations of state peasants following the reform of P.D. Kiselev, one of the aims of which was to bring the real situation of this category of the population into line with their formal status as free peasant peasants. The personal and property rights of peasants are examined as well as their implementation under the new system of government; duties, most importantly, the payment of numerous duties and obligations. The authors concluded that the reformers were not able to achieve the desired results. The situation of state peasants was better than that of other categories of peasants. However, they did not become truly free peasants before the reform of 1866.

Деятельность региональных правых организаций в гуманитарной сфере в 1905–1916 годах (на примере Владимирской губернии)

In Vladimir province in the period of 1905–1916 there were about 30 monarchist organizations of the Union of the Russian People and parties that were included in the Union as its sections. Along their own political work, the monarchists also paid serious attention to spiritual and moral, cultural and educational, as well as philanthropy activities. They arranged religious processions and public prayers (that practically replaced political demonstrations for them), spiritual and ethical readings, lectures of popular Right politicians (V.M. Purishkevich, V.F. Zalesskiy and others), “patriotic” concerts, and initiated pre-conscription training of the youth, recreating in some towns “Poteshny [toylike] Forces” of the Peter’s era. Members of Vladimir section of the Union managed to open a “union” school at their own expense. Vladimir monarchists struggled against drunkenness popularizing the teetotal system and carried out philanthropy activities helping the victims of revolutionary outrages and crop failures. With the beginning of the First World War Vladimir monarchists concentrated their attention on helping the front-line forces, ill and wounded soldiers, and also refugees. In spite of rather modest results of the monarchists in those spheres, their activities managed to improve the image of the Right organizations and didn’t allow their political opponents to demonize the “Black Hundred” unions and organizations at the provincial level (while they succeeded in doing so on the all-Russia scale).

Conflicts of peasants in March-October 1917 (based on materials from the Vladimir province)

This paper presents an analysis of the social behavior of peasants in the Vladimir province in March-October 1917 for their conflicts and highlights the main directions of confrontation. The characteristic of the elaboration of the problem by both Soviet and modern historical science is given. The limited use of statistics on the selected region is explained and the methodological basis of the study is determined. The author considers the conflicts of peasants not only from the side of statistics, but also from the standpoint of individual plots that better reveal everyday behavioral practices. The work describes in detail and group the clash of interests of peasants with the surrounding social reality. The conclusion is drawn about the baselessness of the thesis of the Soviet historiography that the main enemies for peasants were landlords, kulaks and the bourgeois Provisional Government. The analysis of sources revealed that the peasant commune in March-October 1917, solving its pressing issues of food and land-use, was against all. Its conflicts took place on several directions at once: city - village, commune - private owners, commune - commune and intra-commune disputes. There were also conflicts with the state, but they were not political.

Взаимодействие власти и приходского духовенства в 1917–1930-е гг.

The study deals with the interaction between the church, believers and authorities in the first decades of the Soviet state. A historiographical review helps reveal the crucial periods of research on their relationship and describes the major achievements in this regard. Since an atheistic approach forced researchers to regard liberation from religious consciousness as a goal, the studies were politically charged until the 1980s. Nowadays, there is a need for more detailed information about the life of secular clergy and religious communities. Based on the archives, the author demonstrates the relationship between the authorities and the religious community of the Church of the Kazan Mother of God in the churchyard of Borisogleb in Baglachevo, Ulybyshevskaya Volost, Vladimir District, Vladimir Province. The fate of its parish is described as well.

Law enforcement in the Vladimir province: 1917

Law enforcement in the Vladimir province: 1917

The peasants of ‘Judaic Faith’ in the Vladimir province: The ‘homegrown sectarianship’ phenomenon in the nineteenth century

«Вестник Санкт-Петербургского университета. Философия и конфликтология» — научно-теоретический рецензируемый журнал, обобщающий результаты исследований ученых всего мира в области традиционных философских дисциплин — онтологии, теории познания, логики, этики, социальной философии, эстетики, истории философии, философии культуры и философии религии, а также актуальные разработки в конфликтологии, философии политики и права.

1917 in the Vladimir Province: Power, Society, Person

1917 in the Vladimir Province: Power, Society, Person

Imagining Russian Regions: Subnational Identity and Civil Society in Nineteenth-Century Russia by Susan Smith-Peter

Reviewed by: Imagining Russian Regions: Subnational Identity and Civil Society in Nineteenth-Century Russia by Susan Smith-Peter Colum Leckey (bio) Susan Smith-Peter. Imagining Russian Regions: Subnational Identity and Civil Society in Nineteenth-Century Russia. Leiden: Brill, 2018. ISBN 978-90-04-35351-0. The entangled histories of provincial Russia and serfdom have stimulated a long line of scholarship. From the 1960s through the 1980s, monographs by P. A. Zaionchkovskii, Terrence Emmons, and Daniel Field established the narrative framework for exploring the political, economic, and ideological factors driving the emancipation of the Russian serfs. Since then, notable works by John Randolph, Katherine Pickering Antonovna, and Catherine Evtuhov, to name a few, have applied the methods of microhistory to examine the family, gender, and local dimensions of the peasant question that engaged Russia's national intelligentsia. In Imagining Russian Regions: Subnational Identity and Civil Society in Nineteenth-Century Russia, Susan Smith-Peter examines the equally complex intersection of local knowledge and experience with Russia's expansive network of rural public associations in the three decades preceding the end of serfdom in 1861. Focusing on the town of Vladimir and its adjacent districts, her research skillfully links the well-known debates transpiring in the capitals to the mental and physical spaces of one of Russia's most ancient historical regions. The result is a comprehensive portrait of a dynamic public sphere rooted in Vladimir's local particularities that envisioned a postemancipation civil society independent of the Russian state. For her part, Smith-Peter utilizes the methods of spatial history and the Enlightenment's own theories of civil society to highlight "the interplay between the state, estates (soslovie), and what was coming to see itself as society" (27). In the first two chapters, she recreates in expert detail the administrative, institutional, ecological, and socioeconomic spaces of the province. Based on extensive archival materials from Vladimir and other cities, her analysis confirms the existence of a robust protoindustrial and market-based economy centered on the textile towns of Iur´ev-Pol´skii and Ivanovno as well as a network of public spaces dating back to Catherine II's Statute on the Provinces. Although the stimuli for these social and economic developments came from the Russian state, by the mid-point of Nicholas I's reign Vladimir displayed the traits of an autonomous public sphere, including a public library, museum, statistical committee, and a newspaper whose "unofficial section" offered its local readers "a new mental picture of Vladimir province" (137). More intriguingly, Smith-Peter's archival digging has uncovered numerous examples of informal associations and obscure writers who together comprised and imagined the local public: seminarians with their handwritten samizdat-style journals; district [End Page 261] agricultural societies inspired by the Slavophiles; subscription lists filled with the names of men and women who formed civil society's personal networks; and the Old Believer V. A. Borisov, whose study of his native district was the first in Vladimir "to present workers as a complex group" (114-15). All told, Smith-Peter methodically and persuasively demolishes the outdated image of provincial Russia as a cultural backwater. Aside from rummaging through Vladimir's forgotten public spaces, Smith-Peter also chronicles the role of local intellectuals in forming visions of postemancipation society. Chapters 3 and 4 plot the trajectories of two parallel "modes of civil society" that evolved as the peasant question came to dominate public discussion in the 1850s. The first, inspired by Adam Smith's stadial theory of history and promoted by the Slavophiles, held that serfdom should be abolished "organically" and in concert with modernizing landowners as Russia inevitably advanced to the commercial stage of social development. By contrast, the second model endorsed the Hegelian notion of civil society based on shared property rights. Applied to postemancipation conditions, the latter envisioned a vigorous public sphere whose stakeholders—nobles, freed serfs, clergy, and merchants—would rise above estate interests to represent "society." Although Smith-Peter's analysis pretty much follows the reigning narrative established by Emmons and Field, her archival work does expand the depths and parameters of the national dialogue beyond noble assemblies to include provincial agricultural associations in Vladimir and elsewhere. Her rediscovery of...

Monarchist Organizations of the Vladimir Province during the First World War

Monarchist Organizations of the Vladimir Province during the First World War

РОД ГРАФОВ УВАРОВЫХ В ИСТОРИИ РОССИИ (ПО МАТЕРИАЛАМ ГОСУДАРСТВЕННОГО АРХИВА ВЛАДИМИРСКОЙ ОБЛАСТИ)

Analyzing counts Uvarovs’ personal document collection in the State Archives of Vladimir Region the authors examine the contribution of the dynasty representatives to the national political life, development of education, formation of cultural institutions and archeology in Russia. The analysis has allowed the authors to identify the Uvarovs, whose documents came from Karacharovo estate in Vladimir province. The informative and research potential of personal document collections is discovered. The available sources allow a more detailed study of such problems as the role of personality in history, the functioning of the nobleman’s estate as an economic system before and after serfdom abolition, women’s participation in social life, interrelations between the higher bureaucracy and the emperor. The authors show that the Uvarovs’ activity was interpreted ambiguously by the contemporaries and researchers.

Revolutionary power perception by the Vladimir province population in March-October 1917: according to the district commissars and militia chiefs’ estimates

The paper deals with the analysis of the Vladimir province Provisional Government commissars and militia chiefs reports on the assessment of revolutionary power perception by the local population in March-October 1917. The author characterizes a complex of sources and methodology of working with them. The paper considers the Vladimir province inhabitants attitude to the change of power in February 1917, to the events in Petrograd in July, and to the October coup from the Provisional Government commissars point of view. Besides, the author characterizes a condition of the peoples militia, social behavior of rural and urban residents on the basis of official reports. The author concludes about an enormous information potential of such reports from the places, which, due to their structure and content, bear the imprint of the personal impression of the official from communicating with the inhabitants. The reports analysis has shown that their main topics were not political: unauthorized felling, seizure of forests, increasing robberies and hooliganism as well as disruption in food security. In general, the reports described the absolute apolitical nature of the peasants with their desire to solve the pressing issues of cold and hunger, as well as the open bellicosity of workers who were suspicious to all representatives of the government.

Alexander Shlyapnikov, 1885–1937: Life of an Old Bolshevik by Barbara C. Allen

Reviewed by: Alexander Shlyapnikov, 1885–1937: Life of an Old Bolshevik by Barbara C. Allen J.-Guy Lalande Barbara C. Allen, Alexander Shlyapnikov, 1885–1937: Life of an Old Bolshevik (Chicago: Haymarket Books 2016) What should be the relationship between a communist party and trade unions? Alexander G. Shlyapnikov never doubted, from the moment he became politically conscious, that he had the right answer to this question: nothing less that the subordination of the former to the latter. This partiality was solidly anchored in his belief that there was a very close link between the fate of communism in the Soviet Union and the well-being of the industrial working class. Born in 1885 into poverty, Shlyapnikov's upbringing as a persecuted Old Believer shaped his personality, even though he became an atheist in his middle teens; indeed, it helped him develop powers of argumentation, critical thinking skills, steadfastness, even stubbornness in defending his views. During an early childhood spent in the small provincial town of Murom in Vladimir Province, this highly intelligent and intensely ambitious lad learned to appreciate studiousness, hard work, honesty, compassion, and sobriety; he also discovered that, despite his work ethic, more than one path of social mobility was closed to him because of his class – hence his distrust and anger towards the authorities and his desire for social justice. His decision to become a metalworker introduced him to revolutionary socialism. Arrested by the police in January 1904 for his underground work, he landed in prison where he met Bolsheviks; largely under their influence, he identified himself as a Bolshevik by the end of 1905. Drafted into the army in January 1907, he was sentenced to two years in a fortress for having refused to take an oath of service to Tsar Nicholas II. From January 1908 until late 1916, Shlyapnikov worked abroad (Switzerland first, then France and Scandinavia) as a skilled metal turner and fitter. A steadfast Bolshevik and a crafty underground activist who smuggled literature and people and evaded the police, he proudly organized factory workers on behalf of the revolution, while learning from West European socialist parties and trade unions. Like most Old Bolsheviks, Shlyapnikov was devoted to Lenin and respectful of his intellect, his learning, and his dedication to international revolution, but he was occasionally critical of his tactics (his factionalist methods of struggle, for example) and policies (his advocacy of national self-determination that ran against Shlyapnikov's conviction that all workers had common interests). In a nutshell, Allen remarks, "he addressed Lenin as a partner, not a lackey." (75) During these years, Shlyapnikov became convinced that workers should not depend on intelligenty (intellectuals) to accomplish their goals; instead, they should take their fate into their own hands. This commitment to worker power ran consistently throughout his life and would be the source of much grief. Shlyapnikov was the most senior Bolshevik in Petrograd in February 1917. He called for the Petrograd Soviet of Workers' and Soldiers' Deputies to form a provisional socialist coalition government until a constituent assembly could design a new political system, and for an end to the war. He was soon edged out of the central party leadership, however, following the return from exile of Kamenev, Stalin, and in April, Lenin himself. Nevertheless, he played an active role in that tumultuous year – as a prominent member of the Petrograd Soviet involved in long and arduous tariff negotiations with representatives of the Society of Factory Owners; a key figure in rebuilding the Petrograd Metalworkers' Union and transforming it into a strong national union; finally, after helping establish both the Workers' Militia and the Red Guard, [End Page 356] a participant in the Bolshevik seizure of power in October 1917. Such an involvement on the part of a man who believed that only revolution could bring about real change should not surprise. As People's Commissar of Labour in Lenin's first government until October 1918, Shlyapnikov tried to use his power in order to increase the role of trade unions in economic policy-making and planning as well as in government. For him, the role of trade unions was crucial in the transition to socialism. Committed to...

History and architectural complex of the Svyato-Uspensky monastery Cosmin Vladimir province

History and architectural complex of the Svyato-Uspensky monastery Cosmin Vladimir province

“Prayed to God, Knitted a Stocking”: Needlework on a Nineteenth-Century Russian Estate

This article explores the needlework practices of a provincial gentrywoman in mid-nineteenth century Russia. Natal’ia Chikhacheva (1799-1866) managed her family’s modest estates in Vladimir province, in the heart of the textile region surrounding the village of Ivanovo. She oversaw serf labor in textiles, especially the growing and processing of flax and weaving, but she also did spinning, knitting, sewing, and lacemaking herself. The products of her needles were used not only by her own family, but also by their serfs, while some were sold for profit or given as gifts to friends. Chikhacheva provides a rare glimpse of everyday Russian needlework of the period, its uses, and cultural associations.

The Good Capitalist: Conflicting Visions of Russia’s Industrial Future in the Pre-Reform Period

<p>В статье рассматриваются дискуссии о промышленном будущем России среди дворян, купцов и чиновников Владимирской губернии до реформы 1861 г. В дискуссиях сформировались два различных взгляда на будущее России. Первый представлял Россию урбанистической, индустриализованной, фабричной страной, с хлопкообрабатывающей промышленностью в роли гаранта экономической независимости. Второй вариант предполагал, что Россия останется сельской страной, но развитие науки и совершенствование сельского хозяйства преобразят льнопереработку и помогут деревенским общинам выжить и после индустриализации. И дворяне, и купцы полагали, что могут быть «мудрыми отцами» для народа будущей индустриализованной России. Анализ статистических материалов, опубликованных в губернских ведомостях, показал, что они могут служить новым источником информации о том, как еще до отмены крепостного права в России воспринимали индустриализацию и социальные перемены.<em></em></p>

Variations of space use in males of the banded demoiselle (Calopteryx splendens, Zygoptera, Odonata): Alternative tactics or an age-dependent trend?

Two spatial tactics are usually distinguished in males of Calopteryx damselflies: territorial and nonterritorial. These tactics are believed to underlie two alternative condition-dependent reproductive tactics in these insects, and territorial males are believed to copulate more often. With age, males become weaker, turn nonterritorial, and only occasionally manage to copulate. However, the details of space use by damselflies are poorly known, which hinders the interpretation of the existing empirical data. We describe the space use by individually marked males of the banded demoiselle C. splendens studied during three field seasons in Vladimir Province, Russia. Each male on each day of observations was characterized as either territorial or non-territorial, and the sites of encounter were mapped. The probability of being territorial declined with the male’s age. The spatial tactics (territorial vs. non-territorial) on a given day strongly influenced the tactics used on the following day. We identified the territorial and non-territorial phases in the life of a male damselfly, which occurred consecutively and had a roughly similar duration. During the territorial phase, the male occupied a certain territory and tried to hold it as long as possible. The male abandoned its territory in two cases: (1) when it was driven onto a different territory as the result of competition with other males, or (2) when it was exhausted and became non-territorial. Thus, the space use by the male changed predictably during its life. Therefore, direct comparison of morphological or other characteristics in territorial vs. non-territorial males, frequently made in the literature, makes little sense. Further progress in studying the so-called “alternative reproductive tactics” in damselflies may be more successfully achieved by comparing individual life trajectories of different males (e.g. duration of territorial and non-territorial periods, the number of consecutively occupied territories, etc.). We performed correlation analysis and found that the above parameters did not depend on the wing and abdomen length of the males.

From the History of ‘Book Delivery’ in Russia (on the Example of Vladimir Province)

The article deals with the little-investigated questions of the history of ‘knigonoshestvo’ in Russia. At the example of ofeni activities there is shown the degree of the need for books in the rural area. There is analyzed the Lubok literature, the main book goods of pedlars. There are identified the reasons of downturn of ofeni trade in the late XIX-th - early XX-th century and the value of bookleggers in distribution of literacy and introduction of peasants to the reading.

19世紀前半のウラジーミル県における綿工業の発展

19世紀前半のウラジーミル県における綿工業の発展