We present two cases illustrating a surgical approach to the diagnosis and treatment of infectious endophthalmitis following extracapsular cataract extraction with insertion of a posterior chamber lens. In both cases, a vitrectomy was initiated through a limbal approach after clearing the anterior chamber, thus allowing improved visualization of the vitreous cavity. The vitrectomy probe was then passed through a peripheral iridotomy, the peripheral posterior capsule and/or zonules, and into the anterior vitreous. The peripheral iridotomy allowed access to the vitreous cavity for an anterior vitrectomy. The entire anterior chamber and vitreous aspirate was then analyzed for culture and sensitivity. This technique minimizes the risks of pars plana vitrectomy for endophthalmitis by improving visualization and possibly decreasing the risk of retinal detachment.