Cayratia Trifolia Research Articles

<i>In vitro</i> antioxidant potential of linolenyl alcohol isolated from <i>Cayratia trifolia</i> L.

Cayratia trifolia, a plant rich in bioactive compounds, has been known for its diverse pharmacological properties, including antioxidant activity. In this study, we focus on linolenyl alcohol, a compound isolated from Cayratia trifolia, and investigate its antioxidant potential through in vitro analysis. Linolenyl alcohol was extracted from Cayratia trifolia leaves using standard extraction techniques and characterized using spectroscopic methods. The antioxidant activity of linolenyl alcohol was evaluated using well-established antioxidant assays. The results explored significant antioxidant activity of linolenyl alcohol, with dose-dependent scavenging of free radicals observed in all assays. Overall, our findings highlight the antioxidant potential of linolenyl alcohol from Cayratia trifolia, suggesting its utility as a natural antioxidant agent in pharmaceutical and nutraceutical applications. Further investigations are warranted to explore its therapeutic benefits and potential clinical applications.

Evaluation of the fermentative activity of Saccharomyces cerevisiae HG1.3 and condition for threeleaf cayratiawine preservation

Threeleaf cayratia(Cayratia trifolia L.) is a wild climbing vine species that has potential raw material for wine production. Berries are green and turn purple when ripe, widely distributed in the Mekong delta provinces of Vietnam. This study aimed to investigate the threeleaf cayratiawine fermentation activity of Saccharomyces cerevisiae HG1.3 at the volumes of 1, 2, and 4 litres, along with examining the colour stability of the wine under different storage temperatures and packaging methods. The results showed that the fermentation volumes of 2 and 4 litres contained 12.37 and 12.45% (v/v) of ethanol contents, respectively. At the storage conditions of cool temperature (2-4°C)in the dark bottle, threeleaf cayratiawine has a stable colour and good sensory evaluation for colour and taste clarity after 4 weeks, with the optical transmittance value at 550 nm is 0.419%. In addition, threeleaf cayratiawine was clarified by the addition of 0.5% pectinase for 6 days after the fermentation period, then filtered and supplemented with 0.2% citric acid. The final product meets the Vietnamese standards (TCVN 3217-79 and TCVN 7045:2002).

Investigation of wine fermentation of three-leaf cayratia (Cayratia trifolia L.) using Saccharomyces cerevisiae 2.1

Background Cayratia trifolia has been extensively studied for its bioactive components and medicinal properties. This study was carried out to evaluate the fermentation ability of Saccharomyces cerevisiae 2.1 yeast to determine suitable fermentation conditions. Methods The initial sugar content for three-leaf cayratia fermentation and fermentation efficiency were calculated. The temperature for three-leaf cayratia fermentation, incubation time, and preliminary 1 liter of three-leaf cayratia wine fermentation were determined. All treatments showed that the total sugar content decreased after 9 days of fermentation compared to the initial level. Temperature during fermentation has a direct effect on yeast activity. Temperature increases the growth of yeast and speed of enzyme activity. The fermentation time changes depending on temperature, initial soluble solid contents, and yeast strains, leading to changes in the ethanol content after the end of fermentation. Results The results showed that the S. cerevisiae 2.1 was able to ferment at room temperature with an initial pH of 4.5, 24 °Brix, and a yeast density of 107 cells/mL. The appropriate fermentation conditions determined for S. cerevisiae 2.1 were 24 °Brix and incubation at room temperature (28-33°C) with a fermentation time of 11 days. Conclusion In 1-L scale fermentation, three-leaf cayratia wine had 9.46% (v/v) and the fermentation efficiency was 90.34%. The wine produced had a unique color, flavor, and aroma that met the sensory evaluation of the Vietnamese national standard TCVN-3217:79.

Pengaruh Ekstrak Metanol Buah Lakum (Cayratia trifolia L. Domin) terhadap Nilai SGOT dan SGPT Tikus Putih Diinduksi Parasetamol

Lakum fruit (Cayratia trifolia L. (Domin)) has secondary metabolite compounds that are beneficial to health, one of which is a hepatoprotector. This study was conducted to prove the potential of hepatoprotective activity of lakum fruit methanol extract based on the value of SGPT and SGOT enzyme. The research method used a pre-posttest randomized control group design with a sample of 35 male rats divided into five treatment groups: solvent control group (CMC 0.5%); positive control group (HEPA-Q®); treatment group extract (0,575; 1,15; 1,725 mg/g BW). The treatment of induction of paracetamol and methanol extract of Cayratia trifolia fruit was carried out for 7 days respectively. The results showed that the dose of 1,15 mg/g BW of Cayratia trifolia fruit methanol extract had the most effective deterioration of SGOT and SGPT values with a percentage reduction of SGOT of 49.3% and SGPT of 51.8% (p <0.05) which approached control positive (HEPA-Q®). Based on the research conducted, methanol extract of Cayratia trifolia fruit has the potential to be hepatoprotective.

Test The Toxicity of The Ethanol Extract of Lacum Leaves (Cayratia trifolia L.) Using The Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BSLT) Method

People use the lacum plant (Cayratia trifolia L.), an herbaceous plant from the Vitaceae family that grows wild, as a traditional medicine. Lacum leaves have special things inside them called secondary metabolites like flavonoids, alkaloids, phenols, steroids, terpenoids, and tannins. Toxicity tests must be carried out because flavonoids, alkaloids and steroids have harmful effects on test animals at certain concentrations. A substance or natural ingredient that will be used as a medicine is tested to determine its level of toxicity. The purpose of this study was to determine the total levels of toxic compounds and the level of toxicity in the ethanol extract of lacum leaves (Cayratia trifolia L.) Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BSLT). This research uses Artemia salina leach larvae as test subjects. This research also used an experimental approach arranged in a completely randomized design (CRD) consisting of 7 treatments and 4 replications. The percentage of larval death was used in probit analysis to identify the toxic effects of the extract and calculate the LC50 value. Based on the research results, it shows that there are total levels of toxic compounds in the ethanol extract of lacum leaves (Cayratia trifolia L.), namely flavonoids, alkaloids and steroids with an LC50 value of 105.08 ppm which places it in the moderately toxic category and is thought to have anticancer properties.

Investigation of wine fermentation of three-leaf cayratia (Cayratia trifolia L.) using Saccharomyces cerevisiae 2.1

Background: Cayratia trifolia has been extensively studied for its bioactive components and medicinal properties. This study was carried out to evaluate the fermentation ability of Saccharomyces cerevisiae 2.1 yeast to determine suitable fermentation conditions. Methods: The initial sugar content for three-leaf cayratia fermentation and fermentation efficiency were calculated. The temperature for three-leaf cayratia fermentation, incubation time, and preliminary 1 liter of three-leaf cayratia wine fermentation were determined. All treatments showed that the total sugar content decreased after 9 days of fermentation compared to the initial level. Temperature during fermentation has a direct effect on yeast activity. Temperature increases the growth of yeast and speed of enzyme activity. The fermentation time changes depending on temperature, initial soluble solid contents, and yeast strains, leading to changes in the ethanol content after the end of fermentation. Results:The results showed that the S. cerevisiae 2.1 strain was able to ferment at room temperature with an initial pH of 4.5, 24 °Brix, and a yeast density of 107 cells/mL. The appropriate fermentation conditions determined for S. cerevisiae 2.1 yeast were 24 °Brix and incubation at room temperature (28-33°C) with a fermentation time of 11 days. Concusion: In 1 liter scale fermentation, three-leaf cayratia wine had 9.46% (v/v) and the fermentation efficiency was 90.34%. The wine produced had a unique color, flavor, and aroma that met the sensory evaluation of the Vietnamese standard TCVN-3217:79.

A Comparative Study on Antioxidant Activity of Infusion and Decoction of (Cayratia trifolia (L.) Domin)

The number of patients with neurodegenerative disorders increased, especially in the productive age. The neurodegenerative disorder can be prevented by synthetic and natural antioxidants such as from plants. The herb of galling, Cayratia trifolia (L.) Domin), has long been traditionally used to prevent degenerative diseases by drinking decoction. The current study aimed to compare the antioxidant capability between infusion and decoction of galling against DPPH. The herbs were extracted with two methods, namely infusion, and decoction. This study used 7 different serial concentrations ranging 7.81 till 500 µg/mL, while the optical density was recorded at 515 nm using a spectrophotometer. The results demostrated that both infusion and decoction have antioxidant activity against DPPH with IC50 values of 87.55±1.01 (strong category) and 65.38±2.26 µg/mL (strong category), respectively. There was a statistically significant (p<0.05) between the IC50 values of infusion and decoction. In conclusion, galling is efficacious as an antioxidant source for preventing and treating degenerative diseases.

A new species of Parthenocissus (Vitaceae) from India with notes on Causonis trifolia

A new species of Parthenocissus, P. wallichianus is described and illustrated from Kerala, India. This taxon was found and collected previously from India but misunderstood by earlier Indian botanists for names under various combinations among the such as Vitis, Cissus, Cayratia, and Causonis. The combinations were based either on the Linnaean Vitis trifolia or on Lamarck's Cissus carnosa. Both these names are currently accepted as conspecific and validated now as belonging to Causonis trifolia (L.) Mabb.et J. Wen. The new taxon has separated from all these genera by a suit of characters and is shown fit best to the genus Parthenocissus. A key for the identification of Indian species of Parthenocissus is also provided.

Investigation of wine fermentation of three-leaf cayratia (Cayratia trifolia L.) using Saccharomyces cerevisiae 2.1

Background: Cayratia trifolia has been extensively studied for its bioactive components and medicinal properties. This study was carried out to evaluate the fermentation ability of Saccharomyces cerevisiae 2.1 yeast to determine suitable fermentation conditions. Methods: The initial sugar content for three-leaf cayratia fermentation and fermentation efficiency were calculated. The temperature for three-leaf cayratia fermentation, incubation time, and preliminary 1 liter of three-leaf cayratia wine fermentation were determined. All treatments showed that the total sugar content decreased after 9 days of fermentation compared to the initial level. Temperature during fermentation has a direct effect on yeast activity. Temperature increases the growth of yeast and speed of enzyme activity. The fermentation time changes depending on temperature, initial soluble solid contents, and yeast strains, leading to changes in the ethanol content after the end of fermentation. Results: The results showed that the S. cerevisiae 2.1 strain was able to ferment at room temperature with an initial pH of 4.5, 24 °Brix, and a yeast density of 107 cells/mL. The appropriate fermentation conditions determined for S. cerevisiae 2.1 yeast were 24 °Brix and incubation at room temperature (28-33°C) with a fermentation time of 11 days. Concusion: In 1 liter scale fermentation, three-leaf cayratia wine had 9.46% (v/v) and the fermentation efficiency was 90.34%. The wine produced had a unique color, flavor, and aroma that met the sensory evaluation of the Vietnamese standard TCVN-3217:79.

Respon Histologis Aorta dan Jantung Rattus Norvegicus Hiperlipidemia Setelah Pemberian Jus Buah Kersen (Muntingia calabura L.) dan Ekstrak Daun Lakum (Cayratia trifolia L.)

This study aims to determine the histological features of the aorta and heart of male Rattus norvegicus after administration of cherry juice (Muntingia calabura L.) dan lakum leaf extract (Cayratia trifolia L.). The study used 30 male Rattus norvegicus L. in a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) consisting of 5 treatments with 6 repetitions, namely the control group (P0), the standard feeding group (P1), the hyperlipid feed group + 0.2 mL/200 g BB cherry juice (P2), the hyperlipid feed group + 40 mg / 200 g BB lakum leaf extract (P3) and hyperlipid feed group + 0.18 mg / 200 g BB simvastatin (P4). Hyperlipid feed was given during the treatment, which was 28 days. To obtain histological data, preparations were made using the paraffin method and then observed using a photomicrograph with 400x magnification and observing the aortic lumen, foam cells and intracellular accumulation of lipids in smooth muscle. Data were analyzed by ANOVA followed by Duncan Test at a significant level of 5%. The results showed that the addition of cherry juice and lakum leaf extract gave a significant effect on lumen width and thickness of the aortic wall (p <0.05), while on changes in heart muscle cell size no significant effect (p> 0.05). Histomorphometri showed the presence of foam cells and accumulation of smooth muscle lipids in the control and group treatments with hyperlipid feeding. The conclusion of this study was that the addition of cherry juice and lakum leaf extract can reduce atherosclerotic lesions by eliminating showed foam cells and prevent proliferating smooth muscle cells so the size of the aortic lumen width returns to normal, but didn’t cause enlargement of the heart muscle (cardiomegaly).

PENENTUAN AKTIVITAS ANTIBAKTERI EKSTRAK ISOLAT FUNGI ENDOFIT DARI DAUN GALING-GALING (Cayratia trifolia L)

Utilization of wild plants around us needs to be done to expand the chances of wild plants being used as traditional medicine. These plants have the main content of the active compounds in the form of steroids, terpenoids, flavonoids, tannins and is reported to have antibacterial activity. This research aims to determine the concentration of endophytic fungi isolates IDGG 02, IDGG 03 and IDGG 06 from the leaves of galing-galing ( Cayratia trifolia L). The first stage purification isolates of endophytic fungi in order to obtain single isolates. Then fermented using a shaker for 21 days at room temperature. Fermented extracted with ethyl acetate solvent using a liquid-liquid extraction methods to obtain a dry extract. Testing the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) with concentrations of 2048, 1024, 512, 256, 128, 64, 32, 16, 8 and 4 µg / mL and testing for antibacterial activity using agar diffusion methods against bacteria Staphylococcus aureus , Staphlococcus epidermidis , Escherichia coli and Vibrio cholerae .The results obtained MIC 2048 MIC ug / mL to extract isolates IDGG 02 and IDGG 06, while the extract obtained 03 isolates IDGG 1024 MIC ug / ml against all bacteria. Results of testing the antibacterial activity of endophytic fungi isolated extract IDGG 02, 03 IDGG produce diameter zone of inhibition at a concentration of 2048 mg / mL against Staphylococcus aureus , Staphlococcus epidermidis , Escherichia coli and Vibrio cholerae .

ANTIINFLAMMATORY EFFECTS OF FRACTION FROM GALING STEM ETHANOL EXTRACT (Cayratia trifolia L. Domin) IN VITRO

Galing plant (Cayratia trifolia L. Domin) is a wild plant that spreads and is easily found in Indonesia, especially in the lowlands, which contains a class of secondary metabolites such as flavonoids, polyphenols, alkaloids, terpenoids, and triterpenoids with various pharmacological activities such as antidiabetic, immunomodulatory, antibacterial, anti-fungal, anti-diarrhea, gout. This study aims to determine the antiinflammatory effect of several fractions of rod galing using the in vitro model of red blood cell membrane stabilization. This study used an ethanol extract fractionated in a liquid-liquid manner with n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and water as a solvent. Then, the anti-inflammatory effect of each fraction was tested, with a positive control comparison of diclofenac sodium with varying concentrations. Measurement of anti-inflammatory activity was calculated based on the % stability of the red blood cell membrane. The results showed that the ethyl acetate, n-hexane and water fractions from the ethanol extract of galing (Cayratia trifolia L. Domin.) stem had an anti-inflammatory effect based on the % stability of red blood cell membranes, where the ethyl acetate fraction with a concentration of 1000 ppm had the best anti-inflammatory effect with % stability of red blood cell membranes was 91.81%, which was significantly different from the positive control (p<0.05).

ANTIINFLAMMATORY EFFECTS OF FRACTION FROM GALING STEM ETHANOL EXTRACT (Cayratia trifolia L. Domin) IN VITRO

Galing plant (Cayratia trifolia L. Domin) is a wild plant that spreads and is easily found in Indonesia, especially in the lowlands, which contains a class of secondary metabolites such as flavonoids, polyphenols, alkaloids, terpenoids, and triterpenoids with various pharmacological activities such as antidiabetic, immunomodulatory, antibacterial, anti-fungal, anti-diarrhea, gout. This study aims to determine the antiinflammatory effect of several fractions of rod galing using the in vitro model of red blood cell membrane stabilization. This study used an ethanol extract fractionated in a liquid-liquid manner with n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and water as a solvent. Then, the anti-inflammatory effect of each fraction was tested, with a positive control comparison of diclofenac sodium with varying concentrations. Measurement of anti-inflammatory activity was calculated based on the % stability of the red blood cell membrane. The results showed that the ethyl acetate, n-hexane and water fractions from the ethanol extract of galing (Cayratia trifolia L. Domin.) stem had an anti-inflammatory effect based on the % stability of red blood cell membranes, where the ethyl acetate fraction with a concentration of 1000 ppm had the best anti-inflammatory effect with % stability of red blood cell membranes was 91.81%, which was significantly different from the positive control (p<0.05).

The role of salicylic acid in elicitation for production of secondary metabolites in Cayratia trifolia cell suspension culture

Cayratia trifolia (L.) Domin has been used in Ayurveda traditional medicine due to broad-spectrum medicinal activity to manage various ailments such as fever, rheumatic arthritis, rheumatic fever, anti-inflammatory, and antimitotic activity. In the present study, C. trifolia cell suspension cultures were utilized to establish the effects of salicylic acid on elicitation of the secondary metabolites. The cells treated with 100 μM concentration of salicylic acid elicitor showed an increase in flavanoids, phytosterols, and steroids content, i.e., 1.707±0.021, 2.35±0.020, and 2.547±0.040 mg/g dry weight, respectively.

The Utilization of Acid as a Color Stabilizer in the Extraction of Anthocyanins from the Lakum (Cayratia trifolia L.) Peel

Anthocyanins are a group of natural dyes (pigments) that give many colors to plants’ leaves, flowers, and fruits. Anthocyanins are generally acidic and more stable under acidic conditions. One of the plants that contain anthocyanin is the lakum (Cayratia trifolia L.) fruit ripe with a blackish-purple color. This study aimed to determine the best type of acid used to extract anthocyanins from the lakum fruit peel. The extraction process was carried out by maceration method using 96% ethanol solvent acidified with three types of acids, HCl 1%, citric acid 3%, and acetic acid 3%, with an average level of anthocyanin obtained of 283.88, 220.70, and 226.55 mg/L, respectively. This study indicated that the best acid used to extract anthocyanin from the lakum fruit peel with the highest total anthocyanin results was by adding HCl 1%.

Chemotherapeutic potential of Cayratia trifolia L nhexane extract on A2780 cells.

It is of interest to report the chemotherapeutic (drug target based) potential of n-hexane Cayratia trifolia L. (C.trifolia) extract on A2780 cell lines. mRNA and protein expression analysis of the human chemokine receptor (CXCR4) and human epidermal growth factor receptors-2 (HER2) were studied using RT-PCR analysis and western blot analysis. The results show significant cell growth inhibition with minimal IC50 values of 46.25 ± 0.42 micro g/mL against A2780 cell lines. mRNA and protein expression were considerably reduced in C. trifoliatreated A2780 cell lines for further consideration as a chemotherapeutic agents.

Total Flavonoids Content of Polar Extracts of Cayratia trifolia Leaves

Cayratia trifolia leaves contain flavonoids compound that can dissolve well in polar solvents. This study aimed to evaluate the total flavonoids content of polar extracts which extracted sequentially from C. trifolia leaves. The dried C. trifolia leaves were macerated continually using n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and ethanolic solvent. The total flavonoids content was determined using spectrophotometric methods with a AlCl3 reagent. TLC chromatogram of the extracts were evaluate using chloroform: aceton: formic acid (10:2:1) as a mobile phase and silica gel F254 as a stationary phase. The citroborate and ammonia vapour were used as detection spray reagents. The highest total flavonoids content (27.95±0.62 mgQE/g) were found in 70% ethanol extract of C. trifolia leaves compared to ethyl acetate extract (17.98 ± 0.89 mgQE/g). The ethanolic extract is found six compound spots, while the ethyl acetate extract found four compound spots which were thought to be a flavonoid group. Thus, it can be concluded that the different polar extracting solvents are able to attract flavonoid compounds with different levels. The flavonoids in C. trifolia extract need to be separated to determine the types.

Microencapsulation and spray drying on physicochemical and phytochemical attributes of lakum (Cayratia trifolia) dried powder

Lakum (Cayratia trifolia) berry is underutilized herbaceous climber containing a huge content of anthocyanin greatly contributing to health benefits. In order to increase its commercial value via deep-processing, this research was conducted at Soc Trang Nanotech laboratory in 2020 to evaluate the microencapsulation of anthocyanin from lakum extract by spray drying under various wall materials (whey protein, soy protein isolate, maltodextrin, cyclodextrin, gum Arabic, xanthan gum, inulin), inlet/outlet air drying temperatures (160/50, 165/55, 170/60, 175/65, 180/70, 185/75, 190/80, °C/°C). The anthocyanin retention, total phenolic content, hygroscopicity and wettability was verified. Results showed that gum Arabic as wall material with inlet/outlet temperature 175/65 °C/°C induced the most desirable attributes of lakum dried powder to achieve the highest anthocyanin retention (74.19%), total phenolic content (197.81 mg GAE/ 100 g), hygroscopicity (12.04%), wettability (0.74 minutes). Meanwhile the lowest anthocyanin retention (57.42%) and total phenolic content (134.20 mg GAE/ 100 g); the highest hygroscopicity (15.78%) and wettability (3.24 minutes) was noticed at whey protein. These findings proved the impact of wall material and inlet/outlet air drying temperature during microencapsulation under optimised spray drying circumstance.

UJI AKTIVITAS ANTIOKSIDAN ISOLAT FUNGI ENDOFIT DAUN GALING-GALING (Cayratia trifolia L.) DENGAN METODE 1,1-DIPHENYL-2-PICRYLHYDRAZIL (DPPH)

Endophytic fungi generally produce secondary metabolites that have beneficial biological activities such as anticancer, antiviral, antibacterial or antioxidant compounds. The aim of this study was to examine the antioxidant activity of galling-galing leaf endophytic fungi isolate ( Cayratia trifolia L.) by 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazil (DPPH) method. This study used IDGG-03 endophytic fungi isolate fermented for 21 days using MYB medium then extracted and evaporation was carried out. The fermentate extract obtained was then tested qualitatively and quantitatively for antioxidant activity. Qualitative results using TLC plates indicate that galling-leaf fungi isolates have antioxidant activity which is characterized by the presence of yellow spots on a purple background. And in the quantitative test IC50 68,133 µg / mL was obtained, which indicated the antioxidant activity of galling-vane leaf endophytic fungi isolate ( Cayratia trifolia L.) classified as a strong antioxidant.

Assessment of Relationship between Antioxidant Activity, Toxicity and Phenol Content of Cayratia trifolia Ethanolic Extract

Introduction: Cayratia trifolia is a plant that has the potential as a natural antioxidant. The use of natural antioxidant need to be known its toxicity and phenol content. As the limited knowledge of the antioxidant properties and phenolic content of many plant species used as traditional plant medicine. Phenolic molecules and flavonoids are important antioxidant components which are responsible for deactivating free radicals based on their ability to donate hydrogen atoms to free radicals. Objective: this study aims to assess relationship between the antioxidant activity, toxicity and phenol content of ethanol extract, n-hexane fraction, chloroform fraction and leaf ethanol fraction and Cayratia trifolia stems. Methods: The antioxidant activity test used the DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-pikril-hidrazil) method the total phenol content used the Folin-Ciocalteu method and the toxicity test used the method Brine Shrimp Lethality Test. Results: The results of this study indicate that the highest % yield is at leaf ethanol fraction 24.52%. The phytochemical screening showed that the extract and ethanol fraction leaves and stems contain alkaloid compounds, flavonoids, polyphenols and steroids. N-hexane fraction and Chloroform leaves and stems contain polyphenol and steroid compounds. There is antioxidant activity in the ethanol fraction of Cayratia trifolia rods has an IC50 value of 58.4 ppm and the highest total phenol content which is 56.2 μg / mL. The toxicity test showed that the chloroform and ethanol fraction was stem had the highest toxicity activity with an LC50 value of 92.4 ppm. Conclusion: This indicates that the ethanol fraction is active as an antioxidant and the chloroform fraction of the stem is active as an anti cancer.