Vitex Agnus-castus Extract Research Articles

Vitex agnus castus Extract Ze 440: Diterpene and Triterpene's Interactions with Dopamine D2 Receptor.

Pre-clinical studies suggest that extracts prepared from the fruits of Vitex agnus castus (VAC) interact with dopamine D2 receptors, leading to reduced prolactin secretion. In previous experiments, dopaminergic activity was mostly evaluated using radioligand binding assays or via the inhibition of prolactin release from rat pituitary cells. Diterpenes featuring a clerodadienol scaffold were identified as major active compounds, but no conclusive data regarding their potency and intrinsic activity are available. Utilising advances in chromatography, we re-examined this topic using HPLC-based tracking of bioactivity via microfractionation of the VAC extract Ze 440. Using a cAMP-based assay, we measured dopaminergic activity in CHO-K1 cells that overexpress the human D2 receptor. Six diterpenes were isolated from two active HPLC microfractions. Viteagnusin I emerged as the most potent diterpene (EC50: 6.6 µM), followed by rotundifuran (EC50: 12.8 µM), whereas vitexilactone was inactive (EC50: >50 µM). Interestingly, triterpenes were also identified as active, with 3-epi-maslinic acid being the most active compound (EC50: 5.1 µM). To better understand these interactions at the molecular level, selected diterpenes and triterpenes were analysed through molecular docking against D2 receptor structures. Our data show that the dopaminergic activity of VAC diterpenes seems to depend on the configuration and on ring substitution in the side chain. This study also highlights for the first time the dopaminergic contribution of triterpenes such as 3-epi-maslinic acid.

IN VITRO EFFICACY OF VITEX AGNUS-CASTUS EXTRACTS AGAINST TRICHOMONAS VAGINALIS: A POTENTIAL THERAPEUTIC APPROACH

Aim and objectives: Trichomonas vaginalis is the most prevalent nonviral sexually transmitted infection globally. The current treatment, 5-nitroimidazole derivatives has raised concerns as a result of drug reliance, allergies, and drug resistance, driving efforts to identify alternative therapies. The Vitex species recognized for their pharmacological attributes including anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antifungal, and antimicrobial properties are promising candidates for further investigation. Methods: In this study, the potential of Vitex agnus-castus extracts against T. vaginalis was explored. The water, ethanol, and 60% aqueous ethanol extracts from both leaves and fruits were examined for their effects on metronidazole (MET)-resistant (TV 50143) and sensitive strains (TV-78). Cytotoxicity was evaluated on L929 mouse fibroblast cells to determine the minimum lethal dose for each extract under aerobic and anaerobic conditions. Results: Antitrichomonial activity, cytotoxic activity and Selectivity Index (SI) values revealed distinct efficacy profiles. Leaf water extract displayed a balanced selectivity profile, while leaf 60% ethanol extract showed moderate to high selectivity. The fruit 60% ethanol extract exhibited significantly elevated selectivity with SI values of 2 and 1 under aerobic and anaerobic conditions, respectively, for the MET-sensitive reference strain, and 3 and 5, respectively, for the MET-resistant reference strain. Conclusion: These findings underscore the potential of the fruit 60% ethanol extract as a promising candidate for future drug development. Further investigations into its mechanisms and optimization are warranted to enhance its efficacy against T. vaginalis. Peer Review History: Received 13 May 2024; Reviewed 15 July 2024; Accepted 21 August; Available online 15 September 2024 Academic Editor: Dr. Amany Mohamed Alboghdadly, Ibn Sina National College for Medical Studies in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, amanyalboghdadly@gmail.com Average Peer review marks at initial stage: 6.0/10 Average Peer review marks at publication stage: 7.5/10 Reviewers: Prof. Ali Gamal Ahmed Al-kaf, Sana'a university, Yemen, alialkaf21@gmail.com Dr. Marwa A. A. Fayed, University of Sadat City, Egypt, maafayed@gmail.com Dr. Sangeetha Arullappan, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Malaysia, sangeetha@utar.edu.my

Use of Vitex agnus-castus in patients with menstrual cycle disorders: a single-center retrospective longitudinal cohort study

PurposeTo evaluate clinical characteristics, quality of life (QoL) and effectiveness in patients with menstrual cycle disorders (MCDs) including abnormal uterine bleeding, dysmenorrhea and mastodynia/mastalgia related to premenstrual syndrome taking the Vitex agnus-castus (VAC) products Cyclodynon® or Mastodynon® in a real-world setting.MethodsA single-center retrospective longitudinal cohort study (3 ± 1 months), using data obtained from healthcare data archive and telephone interviews. The main study variables were changes in bleeding, menstrual pain, breast tenderness and patients’ QoL.ResultsData from 1700 women with a mean age of 30.2 years (± 6.3) were analyzed. The most common MCDs were dysmenorrhea (43.8%) and mastodynia/mastalgia (21.1%). Three-month treatment with VAC extract substantially decreased the percentage of patients with irregular cycle (from 9.1% to 0.1%) and breast tenderness (from 39.9% to 0.8%). Improvement in bleeding intensity, frequency and menstrual pain was experienced by 83.4%, 79.2%, and 85.2% of the patients, respectively. When analyzed by disease category, these parameters improved in almost all dysmenorrhea patients, while they improved to a lesser extent in mastodynia/mastalgia patients. QoL improved in all aspects, but was reported by a higher proportion of dysmenorrhea patients compared to mastodynia/mastalgia patients. Treatment was overall well tolerated with a favorable safety profile.ConclusionThese real-world data demonstrate the effectiveness of the VAC-containing products Cyclodynon® and Mastodynon® in the three-month treatment of MCDs, with a pronounced improvement in key disease symptoms and QoL. Intriguingly, while QoL was generally greatly improved, the response to VAC therapy varied depending on the type of underlying MCD.

Sperm Characteristics in Hypothyroid Male Albino Rats Treated With Vitex Agnus Castus Extract

To evaluate the probable protective effect of vitex agnus castus extract on sperm characteristics in hypothyroid male albino rats. Forty adult male albino rats (200–250 g) were divided into 4 groups, 10 rats in each group. Negative control (First Group) got normal saline every day. After hypothyroidism, groups 2–4 received vitex agnus castus extract and/or levothyroxine (L-T4). (Second Group) received normal saline as a positive control, (Third Group) received vitex agnus castus extract (300 mg/kg body weight), and (Fourth Group) received L-T4 (0.1 mg/kg/day). HYPO (positive) increased TSH but decreased T3 and T4, while HYPO+ THYROXIN and HYPO+V.A.C decreased TSH and increased T3 and T4 compared to the HYPO (positive). THYROXIN and V.A.C decreased Malondialdehyde (MDA), but HYPO (positive) increased it. Catalase (CAT), Glutathione Peroxidase (GPX) and Superoxide dismutase (SOD) decreased in the HYPO (positive) group compared to the control treatment and increased in THYROXIN and V.A.C treatments compared to HYPO (positive) group. Indicators of sperm characteristics showed that the HYPO (positive) treatment caused a significant decrease in (sperm count, general motility, progressive motility, viability, and morphology) compared to the control, while both treatments of HYPO, whether with THYROXIN or V.A.C, increased all five indicators significantly despite the lack of difference between them and control in terms of impact. Vitex agnus castus' antioxidant characteristics make it a potential preventative measure against hypothyroidism's deleterious impact on sperm quality and antioxidant testicular levels

Evaluation of the therapeutic efficacy of Vitex agnus-castus extract on cisplatin-induced hematotoxicity in female Wistar rats.

Cisplatin (CP) is a preferred drug for cancer treatment but it has dose-dependent side effects. Vitex agnus-castus (VAC) berry extract has antioxidant, free-radical scavenging, and anti-inflammatory activities. This study explored the mitigating effects of VAC extract (VACE) on acute hematotoxicity induced by CP in female Wistar rats. Female Wistar rats (n = 30) were randomly divided into five groups (n = 6/group). The normal control (NC) group received no treatment. The CP control group received CP (7 mg/kg.b.w. ip, single dose) and the drug control group (VACE-650) received VACE (650 mg/kg b.w. oral, daily) for 7 days. Both groups received a single dose of CP (7 mg/kg b.w. ip), followed by 350 and 650 mg/kg.b.w. of VACE daily orally (CPVACE-350 and CPVACE-650 groups, respectively) for 7 days. After a single dose of CP (7 mg/kg b.w.), the red blood cells (RBC), hematocrit (HCT), white blood cells (WBC), and platelets significantly decreased. In the VAC-350 group, the reduction in total WBC count was less than that in the VAC-650 group on the 3rd day. The RBC and HCT values of the VACE groups were better than that of the CP control, but the VACE-350 treatment group showed significant improvement only on the 3rd day. Our findings showed that VACE can mitigate CP-induced damage to peripheral blood cells at lower doses.

Efficacy and Tolerability Evaluation of a Nutraceutical Composition Containing Vitex agnus-castus Extract (EVX40™), Pyridoxine, and Magnesium in Premenstrual Syndrome: A Real-World, Interventional, Comparative Study.

Background Pre-menstrual syndrome (PMS) is a condition associated with altered hormone levels during the menstrual phase of females and is characterised by physical, emotional, and behavioural symptoms that have a negative impact on the quality of life of females. The symptoms of PMS may vary between individuals, but the major complication is pain, especially during menstrual days. The current treatment strategy involves the use of hormonal therapies and analgesics for symptomatic relief, but these therapies have a risk of potential side effects. The use of herbal and nutraceutical supplements in PMS conditions is increasing due to their long-term safety and proven efficacy. The current real-world study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of Ezedayz® tablets containing Vitex agnus-castus extract (EVX40™), vitamin B6, and magnesium in PMS subjects. Methodology A real-world, open-label study was conducted involving 64 participants with varied severity of PMS symptoms. Participants were categorised into Group A (N=23) receiving standard therapies, Group B (N=20) receiving Ezedayz®tablets, or Group C (N=21) receiving standard and Ezedayz®therapy. Standard therapies were provided as per physician supervision, and Ezedayz® tablets were given for 90 days. All subjects were evaluated on core symptoms of PMS like menstrual backache, menstrual cramps, joint or muscle pain, and headache using the numerical rating scale (NRS), and quality-of-life (QoL) was evaluated using a QoL questionnaire. A spontaneous reporting methodology was used to evaluate the tolerability of the therapies provided. Statistical analysis was performed as per the statistical plan. A p-value of <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results Out of 64 participants, five were lost to follow-up, and the data of 59 participants were included in the final analysis. All groups showed improvement in all evaluated parameters, but Group B and Group C showed greater improvement at the end of the study in all evaluated parameters. The quality-of-life assessment revealed greater improvement in Group B and Group C participants compared to Group C in all evaluated QoL parameters. No serious side effects were observed in any subjects. Conclusion The results of the current study conclude that the nutraceutical composition of Vitex agnus-castus extract, vitamin B6, and magnesium is effective in reducing the severity of PMS symptoms and improving the quality of life of PMS subjects. The nutraceutical therapy provided greater relief from PMS symptoms compared to standard therapy alone, and this effect was augmented when the nutraceutical therapy was provided in combination with standard therapies. Similarly, the improvement in quality-of-life parameters was greater in subjects treated with nutraceuticals alone or in combination therapy. Despite the limitations of the study, the results of the current study are promising, and the nutraceutical composition (Ezedayz®) can be effectively used in clinical settings to control symptoms and improve the quality of life of PMS patients.

Study of the aqueous extract impact of Vitex agnus castus on the female reproductive system hormones of the Albino Rabbit exposed to oxidative stress

In view of the wide use of the Vitex agnus castus in treatment of the monstrous troubles and as a regulation of the sexual Hormones, this study was conducted to know the impact of the aqueous extract of the Vitex agnus castus compared with Vitamin E on the sexual Hormones in the female white rabbits exposed to the hydrogen peroxide (0.5%) for (30) days and the rabbit were (6-8) months old and their weights (1300-1700) g. They were divided at random into (10) groups, each (5) rabbits to one group as following: (1) The health control group consumed the normal drinking water and the standard nutrition, (2) the infected control group consumed the hydrogen peroxide with drinking water and a nutrient, (3) the extract had a concentration (50mg/kg), (4) the extract(50mg/kg)+H2O2, (5) the extract (50mg/kg)+Vitamin E, (6) the extract (50mg/kg)+Vitamin E+H2O2, (7) Vitamin E, (8) the extract (100mg/kg), (9) the extract (100mg/kg)+H2O2, (10) the extract (100mg/kg)+Vitamin E+H2O2. The concentration of the sexual Hormones were estimated to know the impact of the aqueous extract of Vitex agnus castus on the functions and capacity of the sexual organ in the female rabbits. The results of study showed that giving these rabbits H2O2 with drinking water led to decrease significantly in concentrations of Progesterone, Estrogen, FSH, LH, Hormones, whereas they showed a significant increase in concentration of prolactin Hormone compared with the healthy control group. It was also showed a significant increase in Progesterone Hormone at the dose(50mg/kg) with Vitamin E compared with the healthy control group, as well as there was a significant decrease in concentration of LH Hormone in all groups compared with the healthy control except the Vitamin E group only that showed a significant increase(P&lt;0.01), whereas the concentration of Prolactin Hormone decreased in all groups compared with the healthy and infected. So we conducted that the Vitex agnus castus had an important role in fertility and inhibition of the Prolactin Hormone as the main cause of injuring the women by infertility.

The Effect of An Aqueous Extract of Vitex Agnus-Castus Leaves on the Liver and Kidney in Female Rabbits

According to their accessibility and lower cost-effectiveness when compared to synthetic chemical treatments, medicinal wild plants and herbs have been used for ages as beneficial tools in the management of many diseases. The popular medicinal plant Vitex agnus-castus, which is indigenous to the Mediterranean region and widely distributed in Europe, Asia, and North Africa, is used to treat a number of conditions and diseases, including premenstrual syndrome, mastalgia, infertility, and menstrual cycle management. The current study examined how the aqueous extract of the vitex plant compared to clomiphene citrate in female rabbits. In this experiment, nine female rabbits were divided into three equal groups. Aqueous vitex plant extract was administered to the first group for 15 days, clomiphene citrate was administered to the second group for 5 days as aspect of an approved course of treatment, and distilled water was administered to the third group for 15 days as a control. To determine the impact of the aqueous extract of Vitex agnus castus on the functions of the female rabbits' body organs, the complete blood count (CBC) and GLU, UREA and CREA were calculated. In addition, the analyses of blood picture showed a significant disparity, enzymes; even histopathology results in compare with control which showed a significant decreasing in WBC count has observed in the vitex extract (F) group that was 4.7 for WBC and 4.45 for RBC while 9.8 for HGB. On the other hands, decreasing of WBC count observed significantly in the clomiphene citrate (C) group that was 3.9 for WBC and 5.3 for RBC while HGB was 6.4mg.

Effect of Vitex Agnus-Castus extract on hot flushes, night sweats, sleep disorders and some other symptoms in postmenopausal women: a clinical trial study

Effect of Vitex Agnus-Castus extract on hot flushes, night sweats, sleep disorders and some other symptoms in postmenopausal women: a clinical trial study

Vasorelaxant Effects of the Vitex Agnus-Castus Extract.

This study was undertaken to describe and characterize the relaxing effects of the medicinal plant Vitex agnus-castus (VAC) extract on isolated rabbit arterial rings. The VAC extracts (VACE) were extracted with ethanol and tested in aorta rings (3-4 mm) of rabbits suspended in an organ bath (Krebs, 37°C, 95% O2/5% CO2) under a resting tension of 1 g to record isometric contractions. After the stabilization period (1-2 hours), contractions were induced by the addition of phenylephrine (0.5 μM) or high KCl (80 mM) and VACE was added on the plateau of the contractions. Experiments were performed to determine the effects and to get insights into the potential mechanism involved in VACE-induced relaxations. The cumulative addition of VACE (0.15–0.75 mg/mL) relaxed, in a concentration-dependent manner, the rabbit aorta rings precontracted either with phenylephrine- or with high KCl thus suggesting calcium channel blocking activities. The VACE effect appeared to be endothelium-dependent. The preincubation with L-NAME (the inhibitor of nitric oxide synthases (NOS)), ODQ (the selective inhibitor of guanylyl cyclase), and indomethacin (the cyclooxygenase inhibitor), downregulated VACE-induced relaxation of aorta rings precontracted with phenylephrine, whereas the bradykinin (stimulator of NOS) and zaprinast (phosphodiesterase inhibitor) further upregulated relaxant effects induced by VACE. These results revealed that the aorta relaxation effect of VACE was mainly endothelium-dependent and mediated by NO/cGMP and prostaglandins synthesis. This vasodilator effect of VACE may be useful to treat cardiovascular disorders, including hypertensive diseases.

Comparison of the effect of Salvia officinalis extract and Vitex agnus-castus extract on anxiety in postmenopausal women: A randomized, triple-blind, placebo-controlled trial

Comparison of the effect of Salvia officinalis extract and Vitex agnus-castus extract on anxiety in postmenopausal women: A randomized, triple-blind, placebo-controlled trial

Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles Using the Plant Extracts of Vitex Agnus Castus L: An Ecofriendly Approach to Overcome Antibiotic Resistance.

These days, silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) have been given considerable attention and applied in medical technology due to their great antimicrobial and antioxidant features. In the present study, we aimed to synthesize Ag NPs through the reduction of silver nitrate in the presence of Vitex agnus castus L fruit extract. After collecting fruits, their extract was prepared and added to Ag NO3 to produce Ag NPs. The effect of different parameters like AgNO3 concentration (0.5, 1, 3, and 5 mM), sunlight exposure, and sunlight irradiation time (10, 20, 30, and 40 min) was investigated in the synthesis of Ag NPs. The features of Ag NPs were characterized using UV-visible spectroscopy, scanning electron microscope (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, and dynamic light scattering analysis. Moreover, antimicrobial function of Ag NPs was evaluated using Escherichia coli and Bacillus cereus bacteria species and minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of Ag NPs against these two pathogens was measured. The results showed that the synthesized nanoparticles had a spherical shape and the range size of 30-60 nm. For the first time, the antimicrobial activity of synthesized Ag NPs of Vitex agnus castus L fruit extract was shown. It can be stated that the biosynthesis of Ag NPs using fruit extract of this plant is an environmentally friendly, economic and harmless method without any use of poisonous substances and no side effects. These Ag NPs can be considered as suitable antibacterial agents and replacements for antibiotics.

Amelioration of Chemical Induced Hepatic Injury by Vitex agnus castus ExtractAmelioration of Chemical Induced Hepatic Injury by Vitex agnus castus Extract

Objective: The liver is the major organ of detoxification of ingested materials such as food, beverages and drugs, thus it is prone to toxicity with attendant pathologies. We studied the ability of Vitex agnus castus plant extract to ameliorate the biochemical and structural alterations in Wistar rats with carbon tetrachloride-induced liver injury.&#x0D; Methods: Forty adult male Wistar rats were allotted into eight equal groups. Group1 was normal control (NC); Group 2 Liver injury without extract (LI). The remaining six groups were paired composite group of varying dosage of the plant extract (200 mg/kg, 400 mg/kg and 600 mg/kg). Only one member of each pair had induced liver injury. Consequently, the groups were Low extract without liver injury (LE), Low extract with liver injury (LEL); Medium extract without liver injury(ME)&#x0D; Medium extract with liver injury (MEL) and High extract without liver injury (HE),High extract with liver injury (HEL).The biochemical parameters evaluated were the liver function test {Total protein plus globulin and albumen fractions; liver enzymes- alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alkaline phosphatase}. Oxidative stress was evaluated by measuring the activities of antioxidants namely; Superoxide dismutase (SOD), Catalase, Malondialdehyde (MDA) and Glutathione Peroxidase (GPx).Histology of the harvested liver specimens was used to assess the structural alterations.&#x0D; Results: The mean liver weight was highest in the HEL group and significantly different from that of its control (HE) and NC.The mean serum total protein of all the groups were significantly higher than that of the NC.The mean aspartate amino transferase levels of the LEL, ME and MEL groups were significantly lower than that of the control while that of the HEL was significantly higher than those of the LEL and MEL. The results of alanine amino transferase were similar to those of aspartate amino transferase. The alkaline phosphatase levels in all the experimental groups were significantly depressed when compared with the control. Amongst the experimental groups, the serum alkaline phosphatase level was significantly raised than those of the LEL, and MEL groups.&#x0D; The glutathione (GSH) activities of LE, HE and HEL were significantly lower. While the glutathione peroxidase (GPX) activity of the control was significantly lower to those of groups LEL, ME, MEL and HEL.Histopathology of the liver showed preservation of the liver architecture with normal hepatocytes in all the groups.&#x0D; Conclusion: The ethanolic extract of Vitex agnus castus was able to reduce the severity of carbon tetrachloride induced liver injury in wistar rats.

Comparison of The Effect of Vitex agnus and Salvia Officinalis Extract at Calcium, Phosphorus and Vitamin D Levels in Postmenopausal Women Referring to Bone Mineral Densitometry Center: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial

Osteoporosis is an important problem in women's health, one of the consequences of which is bone fracture. This clinical trial was performed in 2015 on 99 (33 patients per group) postmenopausal women referred to the bone mineral densitometry center. The first group received one Agnugol tablet (contains 3.2-4.8 mg dry extract of Vitex agnus castus, the second group received three Salvigol tablets (each contains 100 mg Salvia officinal is dry extract daily and the third group three placebo tablets per day for 3 months. Calcium, phosphorus and vitamin D levels were compared before and after the intervention. Results of paired t-test showed that the mean of calcium and phosphorus level increased after intervention in the Vitex agnus and salvia officinalis extract groups, but there was no significant difference in the control group. LSD follow-up test was used, showing that the mean difference of calcium and phosphorus score between the Vitex agnus, S. officinalis extract and control groups was significant in pairwise comparisons. However, the difference between the score of phosphorus level in Vitex agnus and S. officinalis extract groups was not significant after the intervention. After intervention, the mean of vitamin D increased by 2.4 units in the Vitex agnus group compared to before the intervention. However, there was no statistically significant difference between the Vitex agnus and control groups after the intervention compared to before it. The Vitex agnus was effective in increasing calcium, phosphorus and vitamin D level, while S. officinalis extract was effective in increasing the level of calcium and phosphorus.

Vitex agnus-castus Ze 440 extract in the therapy of cyclic mastodynia in women with non-tumor breast damage

Cyclic mastalgia of varying intensity occurs every month in at least 70% of women, persistent pain in the mammary glands of moderate and severe degree is occur in about 50% of patients with benign mastopathy. The cause of mastodynia is the morphofunctional rearrangement of the glandular and stromal components of tissues with the expansion of ducts and proliferation of epithelial structures due to a lack of progesterone and an increase in prolactin levels. Therapy for cyclical and chronic mastalgia is empirical and not always effective. Herbal medicine with Vitex agnus-castus is a reasonable alternative to hormonal treatment for women suffering from cyclic mastalgia in combination with other manifestations of premenstrual syndrome. The main effect of such drugs is an increase of luteinizing hormone and progesterone synthesis, effect on the hypothalamic-pituitary system, prolactin and endorphins release, which can increase the level of endogenous opioids.Purpose of the study: to study the effect of the phytopreparation Prefemin (Vitex agnus-castus extract Ze 440) on the intensity of chronic pain syndrome in women with diffuse non-tumor breast lesion. Materials and methods. The study involved 30 women aged 22 to 43 years with various types of benign breast diseases and chest pain lasting at least 3 months. In 12 patients there was diffuse fibroadenoma, in 18 – diffuse cystofibroadenoma (small cystic variant) and duct ectasia.Results. Therapy with Prefemin (Ze 440) allowed to completely eliminate pain syndrome in 93.3% of women and to reduce the frequency of mastodynia in the group with moderate severity in 90.0% of patients with diffuse fibroadenoma and cystofibroadenoma.Conclusions. Phytopreparation Prefemin, which is obtained from the medicinal plant Vitex agnus-castus, has demonstrated high efficacy in the mastalgia treatment in women with diffuse fibrocystic breast disease. This drug was well tolerated and there were no side effects.

Effect of Vitex agnus-castus on Depression of Postmenopausal Women: A Randomized Clinical Trial

Background: During menopause, women undergo biological, social, and psychological changes and are sensitive to stressors, especially anxiety and depression. Decreased estrogen in postmenopausal women causes mood swings, especially depression and anxiety. Objectives: We aimed to determine the effect of the Vitex agnus-castus extract on depression in postmenopausal women referring to a bone density measurement center in Shiraz. Methods: In a randomized controlled tria1, 60 postmenopausal women were randomly divided into an intervention group and a control group. In the intervention group, the research units were assigned to two groups of Vitex agnus-castus tablets and placebo, using random permuted blocks with a block size from one to six for each eligible case. After three months, depression was evaluated by the Edinburg Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) in both groups. Then, the results were analyzed using the independent t-test for quantitative variables. The obtained data were analyzed by a statistician using SPSS21. Results: Based on the results, the two groups were homogeneous in terms of the level of education, occupation, and housing, and a significant decrease was observed in the mean depression score in the Agnugolgroup (P &lt; 0.001). Conclusions: Because depression increases during menopause, it is recommended that it should be used as a supplement during menopause.

A perspective of traditional Chinese medicine, curcumin, for the treatment of COVID-19

Objective Menopause symptoms have significant negative effects on the quality of life of women and vindicate the need for evaluating various therapeutic options. Therefore, the present study was conducted to investigate the effect of Vitex Agnus-Castus (VAC) extract on hot flushes, night sweats, sleep disorders, and some other symptoms in postmenopausal women.

Diuretic effect of aqueous extracts of Vitex agnus castus leaves and seeds in Wistar Albinos rats

Diuretic effect of aqueous extracts of Vitex agnus castus leaves and seeds in Wistar Albinos rats

Systematic analysis of composition and molecular mechanisms of action of the Vitex agnus-castus standardized extracts. Literature review

Extracts of Vitex agnus-castus are used to regulate the menstrual cycle, in the treatment of premenstrual tension syndrome, hyperprolactinemia, and infertility. Vitex extracts component analysis showed the presence of such compounds as vitexin, rotundifuran, kastitsin, artemetin and some phytoestrogens. Extracts components are characterized with antiinflammatory, antiproliferative, antioxidant, antimicrobial (particularly antifungal), vasoprotective and analgesic effects. The role of the extracts components in modulation of opioid and dopamine receptors has been described. The paper also reviews estrogen modulating and anti-hyperprolactinemic properties of Vitex extracts

Selenium supplementation for the reduction of thyroid antibodies in Hashimoto’s thyroiditis patients: a systematic review

Objective Menopause symptoms have significant negative effects on the quality of life of women and vindicate the need for evaluating various therapeutic options. Therefore, the present study was conducted to investigate the effect of Vitex Agnus-Castus (VAC) extract on hot flushes, night sweats, sleep disorders, and some other symptoms in postmenopausal women.