Lung Vital Capacity Research Articles

Feasibility of combined treatment for type III spinal muscular atrophy: a pilot study

Feasibility of combined treatment for type III spinal muscular atrophy: a pilot study Nataliia Sych, 1 Mariya Klunnyk,1 Iryna Matiyashchuk,1 Mariya Demchuk,1 Olena Ivankova,1 Andriy Sinelnyk,1 Khrystyna Sorochynska,2 Marina Skalozub3 1Clinical Department, 2Stem Cells Bank, 3Laboratory and Biotechnology Department, Cell Therapy Center EmCell, Kyiv, Ukraine Objective: To find solutions and improve methods of therapy for patients suffering from type III spinal muscular atrophy (SMA-III) by way of a combination of conventional treatment (medicines, physiotherapy) and fetal stem cells (FSCs) transplantation using suspensions extracted from stem cells of fetal liver and brain of human embryos.Materials and methods: Our study included 7 children suffering from SMA-III, including 5 boys and 2 girls, aged from 3 to 12 years who were allocated into the main group (MG). SMA children in the MG were administered fetal stem cell preparations, mainly suspensions which contained fetal cells of human liver and fetal brain along with standard treatment (treatment by use of medicines if required and physiotherapy). The control group (CG) included 6 children – 3 boys and 3 girls aged from 3.5 to 13 years.Results: The authors proved effectiveness and safety of treatment using FSCs for patients with SMA-III. Improvement of forced vital capacity of lungs and forced expiratory volume per 1 second was characteristic for the patients of the MG, starting from the period of observation at 6 months after FSCs transplantation. In patients from the CG, such values revealed characteristic improvement at 12 months after FSCs treatment. Significant reductions of alanina aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, creatine phosphokinase, and lactate dehydrogenase ranges have been recorded in the patients of the MG at 6 months after treatment with FSCs. Such values show a significant reduction at 12 months after treatment.Conclusion: FSCs use in complex treatment of patients with SMA results in stable disease compensation, improvement of laboratory results, and improved ranges of forced vital capacity and forced expiratory volume in 1 second. Keywords: fetal stem cells, forced expiratory volume per 1 second, forced vital capacity of the lungs, type III spinal muscular atrophy

Effect of physical exercise on fasting blood glucose level and vital capacity in type 2 diabetic patients

This study was conducted at twenty five male subjects (13 diabetic patients, and 12 normal persons). Their ages ranged from 40 – 60 years old. The patients were diagnosed by specialist physicians. All subjects were recruited to medical Physics' laboratory in the College of Medicine, Babylon University, in Iraq. The study conducted during the period from March 2009 to September 2009. Fasting blood glucose (FBS), heart rate (HR) and vital capacity were measured before and after exercise. The body weight and height were measured for all subjects at rest. The results of the present study revealed that all type 2 diabetic patients had decrease level of fasting blood sugar significantly (P < 0.001) in comparison to control after 15 minutes of moderate exercise, with non significant increase of HR (P > 0.05). The controls group showed non significant (P> 0.05) decrease in level of sugar, but they showed significant increase in vital capacity of lungs (P < 0.001).

The training type influence on male elite athletes’ ventilatory function

Background/aimTo assess and compare measured ventilatory volumes (forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1), peak expirium flow (PEF) and maximal voluntary ventilation (MVV)), ventilatory function capacities (forced vital capacity (FVC)...

MEDICAL COLLEGE STUDENTS HEALTH CHANGES DURING THE STUDY PERIOD

The goal of this research is to analyze the change of students’ physical health during the one year of studies in context of lifestyle. The research participants were 103 Medical College’s students aged 19 to 56 years. All tests, measurements and questionnaires were done at falls of 2015 and 2016. Students’ physical health was evaluated in accordance with Apanasenko’s methods based on investigative anthropometric and functional testing measurements. These measurements included body mass index, lungs vital capacity, strength index, Robinson index and Recovery Heart Rate. Students’ lifestyle habits were determined with the help of questionnaire that included question groups regarding the self-evaluation of health status, health problems and illnesses, eating habits, and physical activities. During the research, lipid parameters in blood were also measured determining the total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL).

CHARACTERISTICS OF CHIlDRENS’ PHYSICAl DEVElOPMENT IN YAMAlO-NENETS AUTONOMOUS OKRUG

Physical development is one of the indicators characterizing the health of children and reflects the risk factors of the impact of its infringement. The article presents the results of a comprehensive assessment of physical development of Nenets-children (7-17 years old) born and residing on the territory of the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug. It was found that in all age groups among boys and girls there is prevalence of persons with a harmonious physical development and normal weight. Difference from common patterns peculiar to this period of ontogenesis has been revealed, - "the first crossing of growth curves" in the Nenets-children was recorded at the age of 14 years. In (63,4 ± 4,9) % of surveyed vital capacity of lungs lags far behind the proper values. The value of life index in (86,1 ± 2,9) % of children indicates delay in a body capacity formation and in development of chest and back muscles. The suggestion about the adaptive nature of vital capacity reduction was made. Somato-typological analysis revealed among surveyed persons with asthenic somato-type. Thus, (59,8 ± 4,2) % of the Nenets-children have asthenic somato-type, (36,5 ± 4,1) % - normosthenic, (3,7 ± 1,6) % - hypersthenic somato-types. Comparative analysis showed that anthropometric indices of boys and girls under 14 years old had similar values. The research conducted demonstrates necessity to create regional tables of suite of metrics of physical development for ethnic groups of the population.

Dynamics of clinical, X-ray and functional data during treatment of patients with sarcoidosis

To analyze the literature data and the results of original studies on the respiratory function in patients with sarcoidosis. The study included 1199 patients with sarcoidosis (67.8% women and 32.2% of males, median age 43 years). The first X-ray stage was documented in 34.8% of patients , stage II in 57.0%, stage III in 6.1%, stage IV in 1.3%, stage 0 in 0.7%. One patient (0.1%) had pleural sarcoidosis. Loefgren syndrome was diagnosed in 20% of the patients. In 658 patients (54.9%) the diagnosis was confirmed by biopsy studies. The patients with sarcoidosis exhibited significant correlation between radiographic and spirometric characteristics. In those with Loefgren syndrome, all breathing parameters were much better than in the remaining ones. Changes of spirometry parameters were more pronounced in smokers and in patients with concomitant lung diseases. However, the lung function remained impaired after adjustment for these factors, and 9,7% of the cases positively responded to the administration of a short-acting bronchodilator. Х-ray examination and spirometry are independent methods for the evaluation of the health status of patients with sarcoidosis and their results do not always correlate with each other after different treatment regimens. Changes in Х-ray image and lung vital capacity were consistent in patients treated with prednisone, methotrexate and pentoxifylline, but not in the cases treated with vitamin E and in the absence of treatment. Spirometry with simultaneous X-ray examination is recommended for all patients with intrathoracic sarcoidosis. Forced vital capacity of lungs (FVC) is an independent criterion for evaluating the condition of patients with sarcoidosis and the effectiveness of the treatment.

Blood leptin and respiratory function tests in patients who suffer from chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

The leptin level was determined in 26 patients who suffered from chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and it was discovered that the leptin level was above the line in 70 % of the patients. In patients whose body weight was normal the leptin level occurred to be considerably lower than in those who suffered from excess body weight and obesity. With the leptin level increase all of the respiratory function parameters progressively decreased, its higher level was associated with reduction of forced vital capacity of lungs and peak expiratory flow. Patients who suffered from hyperleptinemia had significantly impaired forced expiratory volume in 1 second and vital capacity of lungs that may indicate more apparent obstructive and restrictive changes.

FEATURES OF EXTERNAL BREATHING FUNCTION AMONG THE NORTHERNERS IN THE ANNUAL CYCLE

The function of external respiration was determined monthly for the same group of young men (42 persons, 319 examinations) at the age of 18 years — 22 years (19,0±0,9 years) on a microprocessor spirograph SPM-01-«R-D». Men lived in the territory of the European North (62° N) from six months to two years and were engaged in physical works of medium gravity in the open air. The results were processed statistically using the single-factor analysis of variance and using the Student’s t-test with the Bonferroni amendment. It was revealed that the features of the external respiration function in northerners are increased depth and minute volume of respiration, vital capacity of lungs, greater variation in the annual cycle of values of speed indicators of the function of external respiration, absence of significant statistical differences for temporal functions. The maximum values of pulmonary volumes and velocities were observed in the cold season (from November to April), the minimum values — in warm (from May to September). Adaptive changes of the function of external respiration in northerners can achieve the required level of air conditioning, alveolar ventilation, increase the surface of gas exchange, adapt to the metabolic needs of the organism sufficiently effectively.

ВЛИЯНИЕ ТЯЖЁЛОЙ ЗАКРЫТОЙ ТРАВМЫ ГРУДНОЙ КЛЕТКИ НА ГАЗООБМЕН

Objective: Study of the mechanisms of gas exchange abnormalities in a chest injury. Methods: The state of gas exchange was studied in 40 patients with the blunt chest trauma (BCT) in the resuscitation unit of the National Medical Center of Tajikistan. In 10 (25%) patients were isolated, in 30 (75%) – combined injuries. Results: The function of external respiration with the BCT was characterized with the reduction of respiratory volume and vital capacity of lungs, which was conducted with evident pain factor leading to the limitation of respiratory chest excursion. Conclusion: The leading reasons for acute respiratory failures lay to severe arterial hypoxemia on the BCT are intrapulmonary trauma changes (lung contusion, multiple fractures of the rib), which cause to sharp enlargement of intrapulmonary shunting. In case of the chest injury without intrapulmonary damages, the main treatment measures should be aimed at eliminating the pain syndrome as the main pathogenetic mechanism of gas exchange disturbances. In the presence of intrapulmonary traumatic changes, the thorough sanitation of the tracheobronchial tree, the prevention of pneumonia and the transfer to artificial lung ventilation are of primary importance. Keywords: Blunt chest trauma, closed chest injury, gas exchange, disturbance of external respiration functions, artificial lung ventilation.

THE STATE OF FUNCTIONAL CAPACITY AND HEALTH OF STUDENTS OF HIGHER EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS

The relevance of the research lies in the fact that the individualization of students’ physical education has occupied a prominent place in scientific studies. The goal of the research is to study the state of the functional capacity and health of students of higher educational institutions. Materials and methods of the research: аnalysis and generalization of literary resources, testing and surveys. Results are as follows: the average group parameters of systolic and diastolic blood pressure level of students are within normal limits. The vital capacity of lungs of young men is within the range of 3,98 – 4,3 liters. Conclusions of the research: the obtained data testify that 2,5 % of students have a low level of physical capacity and health, 5,1 % – have a below midium level of physical capacity and health. Most of the boys (70,9 %) are referred to the normal level of physical capacity and health, 20 % have an above medium level of physical capacity and health and only 1,5 % have a high level of physical capacity and health.

DYSUNCTION OF RESPIRATORY SYSTEM IN PATIENTS WITH CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE AFTER PLANNED CORONARY ARTERY BYPASS GRAFTING

The purpose. Analysis of the dynamics of respiratory function indicators in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) and comorbid bronchopulmonary pathology (BPP) who underwent coronary artery bypass grafting under cardiopulmonary bypass (CB). Materials and methods. We examined 662 patients with CAD admitted for planned CABG. The formation of groups was based on the presence criteria of BPP and broncho-obstructive type of ventilatory disorders. Group 1 included 48 (7.2%) patients with BPP without obstructive disorders, group 2 – 248 (37.5%) patients with BPP who have respiratory obstruction, group 3 – 366 (55.3%) patients with the isolated CAD. The analysis of the dynamics of respiratory system function was based on the deviation from the due values as well as on the deviation of recoded respiratory parameters, which form the basis of comprehensive assessment of respiratory function. Results. In the postoperative periodall the patients showed a decrease of all respiratory parameters. Statistically lower parameters were observed in patients who had broncho-obstructive syndrome. To a greater extent (for more than 15% from the baseline) we registered a decrease in forced and slow vital lung capacity, total lung capacity, forced expiratory volume in 1 second, as well as diffusing capacity, to a lesser extent –intrathoracic and residual volumes. When comparing the similar respiratory parameters, basing on their recoding, statistically marked decrease was observed in patients who had a respiratory disease (the 1st and the 2nd groups) as compared to the patients with isolated CAD. Conclusion. After CABG under CB there was a decrease of all the indicators which characterize pulmonary function, a more pronounced decrease was noticed in the level of forced and slow vital lung capacity and forced expiratory volume in 1 second. Interpretation of the dynamic changes of the recoded indicators showed an advantage over the traditional analysis based on the deviation from the due values.

Longitudinal microcomputed tomography-derived biomarkers for lung metastasis detection in a syngeneic mouse model: added value to bioluminescence imaging

With more patients dying from metastasis than from primary cancers, metastasis is a very important area in cancer research. Investigators thereby heavily rely on animal models of metastasis to common organs such as the lung to improve our insight into the pathogenesis and to research novel therapeutic approaches to combat metastasis. In this experimental context, novel tools that allow longitudinal monitoring of lung metastasis in individual animals are highly needed. We have therefore evaluated for the first time microcomputed tomography (μCT) as a very efficient and crossvalidated means to noninvasively and repeatedly monitor metastasis to the lung in individual, free-breathing syngeneic mice. Two individual clones of KLN205 cancer cells were intravenously injected in syngeneic DBA/2 mice and lung metastasis was monitored weekly during 3 weeks using μCT, and was compared with the current gold standard histology and bioluminescence imaging (BLI). μCT enabled us to visualize diffuse tumor morphology and also to extract four different biomarkers that quantify not only tumor load but also aerated space in the lung as a marker of vital lung capacity and potential compensatory mechanisms. Complementary to BLI, applying this novel μCT-based approach enabled us to unravel sensitively and efficiently differences in metastatic potential between two cellular clones. In conclusion, μCT and BLI offer biomarkers that describe different and complementary aspects of lung metastasis, underlining the importance of multimodality follow-up. The added value of μCT findings is important to better assess lung metastasis and host/lung response in preclinical studies, which will be valuable for translational applications.

Upper-arm anthropometry as nutritional assessment in preschool children in Latvian population

This data is a part from the study ordered by the Ministry of Education to assess physical development of pre-school children in Latvia. Various somatometric measurements were determined – height (cm), the body mass (kg), the circumference of the head, chest, waist, hips (cm), vital lung capacity (ml), blood pressure (mm/Hg) and other parameters. This study evaluates the body mass index (BMI), overweight and obesity prevalence of pre-school children. Comparing the data with the data of other European countries, we can conclude how high the prevalence of overweight and obesity in our country is and what are potential activities to reduce the prevalence.

SPECIAL ASPECTS OF MOTOR FITNESS INFLUENCE ON LEVEL OF 11-13 YEARS’ AGE GIRLS’ PHYSICAL EXERCISES’ MASTERING

Purpose: to find special aspects of motor fitness influence on level of 11-13 years’ age girls’ physical exercises’ mastering. Material: in the research 11 years’ age girls (n=51), 12 years’ age (n=54) and 13 years (n=63) participated. Results: By physical condition indicators all girls statistically confidently differ. We registered increase of body height indicators (by 12%), body mass (13%), vital capacity of lungs (by 12.8%), right hand strength (by 15%) and left hand strength (by 13.8%). In girls of 11-13 years’ age we registered positive dynamic of physical condition, motor abilities and level of gymnastic exercises’ mastering indicators. It was found that in total dispersion results’ variation by 81.259%, 79.353%, 71,019% are determined by such factors: physical condition, motor abilities, level of physical exercises’ mastering. In factorial structure level of physical exercises’ mastering has weight 16.435% (11years), 27.963% (12 years) and 17.010% (13 years). Conclusions: Analysis showed that in 11-13 years age girls motor abilities’ training level is effective if it becomes a component of mastered motor skills.

Належні норми фізичного розвитку студентської молоді

Purpose : the determination of proper norms of physical development of student's youth. Material & Methods: the following indicators were used for the assessment of physical development of students: body weight, length of body standing, vital capacity of lungs. Index of body weight and vital index were defined on their basis. The selective method was used for the establishment of borders of the confidential interval. Results: the assessment of ratio of weight and length of body at students and students, who participated in the research, showed that it is in norm limits, and the size of vital index is lower than norm. Conclusions: results of the carried-out analysis showed that the level of physical development of students of NLA and KhHPA meets the established standards and the relevant data which are submitted in special literature. The borders of the confidential interval are established for indicators of physical development of students on the basis of the obtained data which characterize the general population.

Comparative analysis of sarcoidosis treatment efficiency in clinical practice settings

Aim. To evaluate the effectiveness of different management regimens in patients with sarcoidosis in clinical practice settings.Methods. A retrospective analysis of condition of 530 patients with sarcoidosis at baseline and at the end of follow-up (at least 6 months) was conducted. The patients were divided into subgroups according to the treatment received by them: prednisolone, methotrexate, pentoxifylline, vitamin E. The fifth group consisted of patients who were under active surveillance without treatment. The dynamics of the disease clinical and laboratory manifestations, radiographic changes, and lungs forced vital capacity were evaluated.Results.. Improvement rate was the highest and amounted to 74.3% in patients with mild forms of sarcoidosis treated with vitamin E. The spirometric parameters have most commonly positive dynamics among patients treated with prednisone (56.2%). When comparing patients with equal radiographic stages and close spirometry data, methotrexate improved radiographic pattern in 70% of cases. Pentoxifylline effect was associated with the initial radiographic stages of sarcoidosis (p=0.003), its influence was insufficient in preventing of the fibrosis development and the lungs vital capacity reduction in patients with initially severe and widespread forms of sarcoidosis. After completion of treatment with methotrexate, relapse occurred in 37.2% of patients, and after pentoxifylline treatment in 31% of cases subsequent systemic glucocorticoid therapy was needed.Conclusion. In mild sarcoidosis vitamin E is quite effective and active surveillance without treatment is acceptable, in case of severe course, prednisolone and methotrexate efficacy is comparable, while pentoxifylline did not allow to prevent fibrosis development and the lungs ventilatory capacity reduction; choice of regimen is determined by the clinical presentation severity and lesion size according to the X-ray.

FUEL DETERMINANTS OF PARAL VITAL CAPACITY FEMALE WORKERS OF THE FERTILIZER PART

Nowadays, there are more women workers occupying various types of works, and it expands to the area of oil palm plantation. One of which is women workers who work at fertilization section in oil palm plantation. This condition is vulnerable for the women workers due to the dust exposure from urea fertilizer. There are some likely possible risk jobs encountered by the women workers such as pulmonary function impairment indicated by lung vital capacity. From pre observation, it was found out that there were 60% of women workers who committed to respiratory disorders. About 80% from the women workers did not use proctected mask during the process of fostering the plantation. As a result, the long term goal of conducting this research is to get accurate information on the determinant factor of lung vital capacity of women worker at fertilization section which can be grounded as basic recommendation for the arrangement of Occupational Health and Safety (OHS) at oil palm plantation.Based on the problem identification, this research was designed by employing quantitative method of research with cross-sectional design. The observed and analyzed variables were the characteristics, the description of lung vital capacity of women workers, and influential factors to the lung vital capacity. This research was conducted to 50 women workers at fertilization area in oil palm plantation, Kebun Gunung Emas Kalimantan Barat. The data were analyzed through 2 phases of analyses namely univariable analysis and bivariable analysis using chi square test and prevalence ratio (PR). The findings of the research revealed that the associated factors with the lung vital capacity of women workers on fertilization area were the dust exposure (p value = 0,000 ; r = -0,650**) while the age variable, years of service, and nutrional status were not related to the lung vital capacity of women workers on fertilization area. The unanalzyed variables resulted from the homogeneity data were the length of exposure, and the use of personal protective equipment (PPE). All women workers rarely used PPE with its length of exposure 4 hours per day. As a result, it is recommended to the management of the oil palm plantation to make a policy on the obligation of using PPE for women workers at fertilization area because the amount of dust exposure exhaled by the workers is the main factor. It is also expected that the company can promote a counselling for the workers to do fertilization safely.

Simulation of morphological-functional profiles of elite sportsmen, who specialize in breaststroke swimming at different distances

Purpose: development of morphological functional models of elite sportsmen, specializing in breaststroke swimming at different length distances. Material: in the research 25 swimmers -finalists of Championships and Cups of Ukraine in breaststroke at distances of 50, 100 and 200 meters participated. Results: it was found that sportsmen’s morphological-functional profile has its peculiar features. It was determined that degree of morphological-functional indicators’ correlation with sport result depends on change of competition distance length. With increasing of competition distance length the role of vital capacity of lungs’ indicators increase as well as body length, shin length, width of hand. In its turn significance of circumferential body sizes, foot width and heart beat rates (in lying position for 10 sec.) reduces. Conclusions: determination of sportsman’s individual characteristics’ correspondence to morphological-functional status can permit to correctly choose distance specialization of swimmer and open his potentials to the fullest.

The Immediate Effect of Chest Mobilization Technique on Dyspnea in Patients of COPD with Restrictive Impairment

Objective of study: to relieve dyspnea in patients of COPD with restrictive impairment by chest mobilization technique. Background: COPD is a primary lung disease but as it advances, there is restriction in chest wall mobility which decreases pulmonary functions and vital capacity of lung. So purpose of this study is to assess the immediate effect of chest mobilization on relieving dyspnea by improving the oxygen saturation. Materials and Methods: an experimental study was conducted on 30 COPD patients having vital capacity ＜80%, to assess the pre and post differences in modified Borg scale by applying chest mobilization technique: rib rotation; lateral flexion, extension, rotation of chest wall and pectoralis major stretching. Results: for within group analysis, comparison of data for modified Borg score was done using Wilcoxon sign rank test, and for between groups analysis was done using Mann Whitney U test. Statistical analysis showed significant change in modified Borg score after application of chest mobilization technique. Conclusion: it can be concluded from this study that chest wall mobilization has significant effect on dyspnea in COPD patients who are having restrictive impairment of chest wall in later stage of disease.

Impact of new methods of respiratory support on postoperative restrictive syndrome and gas exchange after ventral hernias plasty

The concept of respiratory support in anesthesiology underwent significant changes for last decade. The aim of these changes was the decrease of frequency of postoperative pulmonary dysfunction development. In the research was considered an impact of the new strategies of respiratory support on the state of external respiration and pulmonary gas exchange in early postoperative period at large and giant ventral hernias plasty.Methods. 77 patients underwent the prospective clinical examination after nonstrain methods of ventral hernias plasty. Patients receive the standard respiratory support in postoperative period, lung recruitment maneuver (RM) 40/10 and positive end-expiratory pressure (РЕЕР) 7–10 sm. water column, postoperative constant positive airway pressure (СРАР). There were studied the next parameters: oxygen saturation of arterial blood (SpO2), partial oxygen pressure in arterialized capillary blood (PaO2), gradient of carbon dioxide end-expiratory partial pressure in arterialized capillary blood (Р(а-et)CO2)), respiratory volume (RV), forced vital capacity (FVC)of lungs. The Kruskal-Wollis method with Mann-Whitney criterion assessment was used at intergroup analysis. Statistical analysis - STATISTICA AS for Windows (version 5.5).Results. Statistical analysis demonstrated statistically significant (р<0,05) increase of oxygenation parameters (SpO2 , PaO2), spirogram parameters (RV, FVC), gradient decrease Р(а-et)CO2 in СРАР, RМ+СРАР groups in first 48 hours of postoperative period after large and giant ventral hernias plasty.Conclusions. Postoperative СРАР and its combination with intraoperative RМ improve the state of oxygenation, decrease the restrictive syndrome in the first 48 hours after large and giant hernias plasty