Registration Of Vital Events Research Articles

Assessment of Malaria Related Anemia and Underweight in Under-Five Age Children in Estie Woreda, South Gondar Zone of Amhara Region, South East Ethiopia

Background: Malaria remains a challenging health problem in malaria endemic regions. Malaria associated anemia represent a major public health problem in sub-Saharan Africa. Both, anemia (reduced in hemoglobin level) and underweight in terms of (weight-for-age) was a critical problem of malaria directly or indirectly. The objective of this study was to assess malaria related anemia and malaria related underweight among under-five years age children in Arushe wanqat kebele. Children’s were selected through systematic random sampling technique to select the first children from new vital event registration master list of Arushe wanqat kebele, and then totally 364 children were included. Parasitological, hematological and anthropometric measurements were conducted. Questionnaire survey was also used in order to assess malaria related anemia and weight on children whose age were below five years. Data was analyzed using SPSS software version 20 and was presented in frequency, table, pie chart, bar graph and percentage form. Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), correlation(r), and Chi-square (X2) tests were used to verify the possible association between Plasmodiums pecies, anemia, and underweight at different age (in months). Results: Prevalence of Plasmodium falciparum accounted for 101(27.8%), Plasmodium vivax accounted for 84(23.1%), and mixed infection (both P. falciparum and P. vivax) also accounted for 14(3.8%). The correlation (r) between Plasmodium species and hemoglobin concentration (r = 0.628; p = 0.000); Plasmodium species and weight measure (r = 0.77; p = 0.000). The prevalence of malaria related anemia and underweight were 70.4% and 51.3%, respectively. Plasmodium falciparum is the most prevalent species and a notorious cause of anemia among children who were less than five years old. Both anemia (reduction of Hb. in g/dl) and underweight have a positive linear relationship. Malaria-related anemia was also more prevalent than malaria-related underweight among children. The result of the study indicates that there was a strong association between malaria and anemia (association is significant between Plasmodium species and hemoglobin concentration; p < 0.05); there is also an association between malaria and weight loss or underweight (association is significant between Plasmodium species and weight-for-age z-score; p < 0.05) at different age groups. Conclusion: The prevalence malaria-related anemia among children in Arushe wanqat kebele was 38.67%.On the other hand, the prevalence of malaria-related weight loss or underweight among children in Arushe wanqat kebele was 28.02%. So, the findings of this study also revealed that malaria remains a public health problem that contributes for anemia and underweight on under five children.

Marriage Registration Practice in Nepal

Marriage registration is a relatively more difficult and serious issue than other vital events registration. It was once viewed solely as a mechanism for recording life events and updating data on a regular basis, but in the modern world, it has evolved into a socio-economic and right-based approach. This study found, the practice of marriage registration in Nepal is yet unfamiliar. According to the study, women's age, literacy, media exposure, urban settlement, caste/ethnicity, occupation, wealth index and CEB appear to be the primary influencing elements in Nepal's marriage registration practice.

Experiences of parents and caretakers going through the consent process to perform minimally invasive tissue sampling (MITS) on their deceased children in Quelimane, Mozambique: A qualitative study.

In Mozambique, the Countrywide Mortality Surveillance for Action (COMSA) Program implemented a child mortality surveillance to strengthen vital events registration (pregnancies, births, and deaths) and investigate causes of death using verbal autopsies. In Quelimane district, in addition to the abovementioned cause of death determination approaches, minimally invasive tissue sampling (MITS) was performed on deceased children <5years of age. This study focused on understanding deceased children parents' and caretakers' experiences of the consent process to perform MITS in order to contribute to the improvement of approaches to cause of death investigation and inform efforts to maximize acceptability of mortality surveillance activities. A qualitative study was conducted in six urban and semi-urban communities in Quelimane district. A total of 40 semi-structured interviews with family members of deceased children and 50 non-participant observations of the consent process were conducted to explore their experience with informed consent request to perform MITS on their child. Data analysis of the interviews and observations was thematic, being initially deductive (predetermined codes) followed by the generation of new codes according to the data (inductive).The Consolidated criteria for reporting qualitative research (COREQ) guidelines for reporting qualitative studies were performed. Although most participants consented to the performance of MITS on their deceased child, some stated they had not fully understood the MITS procedure despite the informed consent process due to unclear information and their state of mind after their loss. Consenting to MITS and doing so with family members disagreeing were also identified as stress-enhancing factors. Participants also described dissatisfaction of family members, resulting from the condition of the body delivered after tissue collection. In addition, the waiting time to receive the body and resulting delays for the funeral were considered additional factors that may increase stress and compromise the acceptability of MITS. Family experiences were influenced by operational and logistical issues linked to the procedure itself and by it being in tension with social and cultural issues, which caused stress and discontentment on parents and caretakers of deceased children. The main factors that contributed to the experience of going through the MITS process were the state of mind after the death, complex decision making processes within the family, washing of the body for purification after MITS and seepage, and limited understanding of consent for MITS. When requesting consent for MITS, emphasis should be placed on transmitting clear and understandable information about MITS procedures to participants.

Pattern and trends of the total and age-specific fertility rates during 1990–2018 in Pakistan

BackgroundPakistan has an inadequate vital event registration system, leading to fewer than half of all births being registered, and this issue is further exacerbated by systematic recall errors and omission of births. This study aims to evaluate direct and indirect methods of fertility estimation to analyze the trends and patterns of fertility rates in Pakistan from 1990 to 2018.Design/methodology/approachIndirect methods are utilized in this study to evaluate the direction and extent of changes in total and age-specific fertility rates, and these findings are compared to direct estimates. The study draws data on livebirths from four waves of the Pakistan Demographic and Health Survey that took place between 1990 and 2018. To ensure the quality of data, graphical methods and Whipple and Myers indices are employed. Additionally, the Brass Relational Gompertz model was used to analyze the data.ResultsThe Relational Gompertz model revealed that total fertility rates (TFRs) were higher than direct estimates by 0.4 children and age-specific fertility rates (ASFR) were higher for all age groups except the oldest. The difference was more significant among younger women aged 15–24, and less so for age groups 29 and above. The gap in estimated fertility between direct and indirect methods decreased with age.ConclusionThe indirect method is an invaluable tool in situations where direct measurement of fertility rates is challenging or impossible. By utilizing this method, policymakers can gain important insights into the fertility patterns and trends of a population, which is crucial for making informed decisions on fertility planning.

Mortality Statistics in India: Current Status and Future Prospects.

When plague epidemics swept India in the second half of the 19th century, there was an epidemiological need for mortality statistics; as a result, vital event registration systems were established. However, despite the existence of multiple sources of mortality statistics in many ministries/departments of the government, neither the number of deaths nor the causes of deaths reported annually are complete yet. Multilateral international organisations have supported modelling for the generation of mortality statistics in developing countries rather than supporting and funding the development of real-time mortality data. With specific initiatives for decentralising the registration process to primary health centres and sub-health centres, the civil registration system despite its flaws, can be improved for gathering accurate data on mortality, including the causes of deaths.

Reconstructing subdistrict-level population denominators in Yemen after six years of armed conflict and forced displacement

IntroductionYemen has experienced widespread insecurity since 2014, resulting in large-scale internal displacement. In the absence of reliable vital events registration, we tried to reconstruct the evolution of Yemen's population between June 2014 and September 2021, at subdistrict (administrative level 3) resolution, while accounting for growth and internal migration. MethodsWe reconstructed subdistrict-month populations starting from June 2014 WorldPop gridded estimates, as a function of assumed birth and death rates, estimated changes in population density, net internal displacement to and from the subdistrict and assumed overlap between internal displacement and WorldPop trends. Available displacement data from the Displacement Tracking Matrix (DTM) project were subjected to extensive cleaning and imputation to resolve missingness, including through machine learning models informed by predictors such as insecurity. We also modelled the evolution of displaced groups before and after assessment points. To represent parameter uncertainty, we complemented the main analysis with sensitivity scenarios. ResultsWe estimated that Yemen's population rose from about 26.3 M to 31.1 M during the seven-year analysis period, with considerable pattern differences at sub-national level. We found that some 10 to 14 M Yemenis may have been internally displaced during 2015–2016, about five times United Nations estimates. By contrast, we estimated that the internally displaced population had declined to 1–2 M by September 2021. ConclusionsThis analysis illustrates approaches to analysing the dynamics of displacement, and the application of different models and data streams to supplement incomplete ground observations. Our findings are subject to limitations related to data quality, model inaccuracy and omission of migration outside Yemen. We recommend adaptations to the DTM project to enable more robust estimation.

Vital Registration System in Nepal

The events which are occurring in our life cycle such as birth, death, marriage, divorce and internal migration are the vital events. The vital event registration system is the dynamic study of population changes and it provides the legitimacy of each incident of each individual. Vital statistics generated through civil registration systems are the major source of continuous monitoring of birth, death, marriage, divorce and internal migration over time. The main objective of this study is to find out the annual trend of registration of vital events like birth, death, marriage, divorce and internal migration in Nepal as well as to highlight the need for investment in better registration of all vital events. This article is based on secondary data of nationwide annual vital events statistics obtained from ministry of local development. The number of birth registration has been increased by 2164.39, death by 2301.26, marriage by 3490.75, divorce by 67.09 and internal migration by 2683.68 in each year than preceding year. The registration of all vital events shows the rising trend in Nepal. As many Nepalese are not registering the vital events immediately so concern authorities should come with effective awareness plan to make people aware of importance of registration of vital events in their life as well as to nation.

Infant Mortality in England, 1538-2000: Stability and the Beginnings of Change, 1837-1910

This paper, the third of four, discusses infant mortality during the Victorian and Edwardian periods, 1837-1910. It mainly uses sources generated by the civil registration of vital events, which was established in 1837, to identify trends and patterns, and more importantly, it discusses the beginnings of the secular decline in infant mortality that occurred during this period. The paper also includes examples of how research into this important topic can be carried out and it ends with suggestions for future research.

Civil Registration Awareness, Compliance, Purpose, and Challenges among Municipal Residents in the Philippines

Civil registration aims to secure permanent records of people. In the Philippines, Republic Act No. 3753 or the Civil Registry Law mandates that all vital events should be registered. This study aims to assess the civil registration awareness, compliance, purpose, and challenges of municipal residents in Negros Occidental, Philippines. A descriptive-comparative and correlational study was used through a researcher-made questionnaire among 376 residents of villages identified using stratified random sampling. The study revealed that the level of awareness of the residents on civil registration is high. At the same time, the extent of compliance was high on birth and marriage but low on death registration. It also revealed a significant difference between awareness and compliance on civil registration when respondents are grouped according to sex and educational attainment, but no significant differences when grouped as to age, income, and distance to the office of the local civil registrar. There is a significant relationship between the level of awareness and extent of compliance in the civil registration of residents. Among the challenges for nonregistration or delayed registration of vital events are lack of valid identification card and high cost of transportation, among others.

Awareness and Compliance in the Civil Registration of Residents in a Municipality of Negros Occidental

Civil registration is a continuous procedure, which aims to establish permanent records of individual vital events from the day it was born to the day it dies. Every country has its compulsory and universal recording process of important events about their population. Civil registration intends to institute a citizen’s legal documents and form primary sources of vital statistics. The Philippines is governed by Act No. 3753 or the Civil Registry Law, which mandates that all vital events should be registered. Timely registration of vital events such as birth, marriage, and death is very important and crucial. Hence, this study assessed residents’ awareness of and compliance with civil registration of vital events. Also, it explored the challenges encountered by residents in the registration of vital events mandated by law.

Families in comparison: An individual-level comparison of life-course and family reconstructions between population and vital event registers

It remains unknown how different types of sources affect the reconstruction of life courses and families in large-scale databases increasingly common in demographic research. Here, we compare family and life-course reconstructions for 495 individuals simultaneously present in two well-known Dutch data sets: LINKS, based on the Zeeland province’s full-population vital event registration data (passive registration), and the Historical Sample of the Netherlands (HSN), based on a national sample of birth certificates, with follow-up of individuals in population registers (active registration). We compare indicators of fertility, marriage, mortality, and occupational status, and conclude that reconstructions in the HSN and LINKS reflect each other well: LINKS provides more complete information on siblings and parents, whereas the HSN provides more complete life-course information. We conclude that life-course and family reconstructions based on linked passive registration of individuals constitute a reliable alternative to reconstructions based on active registration, if case selection is carefully considered.

Lessons Learned from the CORE Group Polio Project and Their Relevance for Other Global Health Priorities.

.Despite numerous setbacks, the Global Polio Eradication Initiative has implemented various community strategies with potential application for other global health issues. This article reviews strategies implemented by the CORE Group Polio Project (CGPP), including pursuit of the missed child, microplanning, independent campaign monitoring, using community health workers and community mobilizers to build community engagement, community-based surveillance, development of the capacity to respond to other health needs, targeting geographic areas at high risk, the secretariat model for non-governmental organization collaboration, and registration of vital events. These strategies have the potential for contributing to the reduction of child and maternal mortality in hard-to-reach, underserved populations around the world. Community-based surveillance as developed by the CGPP also has potential for improving global health security, now a global health priority.

Effectiveness of a Census-Based Management Information System for Guiding Polio Eradication and Routine Immunization Activities: Evidence from the CORE Group Polio Project in Uttar Pradesh, India.

.Census-based management information systems (CB-MISs) bring strength and power to public health programs by providing current information about everyone in the population covered by the program. Such a system has been developed by the CORE Group Polio Project (CGPP) in India. This article assesses the effectiveness of the CGPP CB-MIS in the management of social and behavioral change interventions. It also assesses the feasibility of the CB-MIS for vital events registration. We describe the procedures of the CB-MIS and measure the outcomes of the CGPP by observing the trends of vaccination coverage in CGPP catchment areas over time. We also compute vital statistics from births and deaths registered through the CGPP CB-MIS and compare them with the estimates from the Civil Registration System of India using statistics from India’s Sample Registration System in Uttar Pradesh as the “gold standard.” The CB-MIS has helped the CGPP to manage its social and behavior change communication interventions effectively, and it has contributed to the increase in polio vaccine coverage facilitated by the CGPP. We also estimate that the CGPP’s CB-MIS has registered 86% of births and 98% of infant deaths, a much higher level of registration than has been achieved by the Civil Registration System for the entire state of Uttar Pradesh. The CB-MIS has helped to make it possible for community-based health workers to make behavioral diagnoses of barriers to immunization and to overcome them. The CB-MIS also provides a robust platform for community-based health workers to register vital events.

Evaluation of approaches to strengthen civil registration and vital statistics systems: A systematic review and synthesis of policies in 25 countries.

Civil registration and vital statistics (CRVS) systems play a key role in upholding human rights and generating data for health and good governance. They also can help monitor progress in achieving the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals. Although many countries have made substantial progress in strengthening their CRVS systems, most low- and middle-income countries still have underdeveloped systems. The objective of this systematic review is to identify national policies that can help countries strengthen their systems. The ABI/INFORM, Embase, JSTOR, PubMed, and WHO Index Medicus databases were systematically searched for policies to improve birth and/or death registration on 24 January 2017. Global stakeholders were also contacted for relevant grey literature. For the purposes of this review, policies were categorised as supply, demand, incentive, penalty, or combination (i.e., at least two of the preceding policy approaches). Quantitative results on changes in vital event registration rates were presented for individual comparative articles. Qualitative systematic review methodology, including meta-ethnography, was used for qualitative syntheses on operational considerations encompassing acceptability to recipients and staff, human resource requirements, information technology or infrastructure requirements, costs to the health system, unintended effects, facilitators, and barriers. This study is registered with PROSPERO, number CRD42018085768. Thirty-five articles documenting experience in implementing policies to improve birth and/or death registration were identified. Although 25 countries representing all global regions (Africa, the Americas, Southeast Asia, the Western Pacific, Europe, and the Eastern Mediterranean) were reflected, there were limited countries from the Eastern Mediterranean and Europe regions. Twenty-four articles reported policy effects on birth and/or death registration. Twenty-one of the 24 articles found that the change in registration rate after the policy was positive, with two supply and one penalty articles being the exceptions. The qualitative syntheses identified 15 operational considerations across all policy categories. Human and financial resource requirements were not quantified. The primary limitation of this systematic review was the threat of publication bias wherein many countries may not have documented their experience; this threat is most concerning for policies that had neutral or negative effects. Our systematic review suggests that combination policy approaches, consisting of at least a supply and demand component, were consistently associated with improved registration rates in different geographical contexts. Operational considerations should be interpreted based on health system, governance, and sociocultural context. More evaluations and research are needed from the Eastern Mediterranean and Europe regions. Further research and evaluation are also needed to estimate the human and financial resource requirements required for different policies.

Can an E-Government System Ensure Citizens’ Satisfaction without Service Delivery?

ABSTRACTThis study investigated the mediating effect of perceived service delivery on the relationship between e-government and citizens’ satisfaction. The survey made in an Ethiopian context comprised of 123 respondents who were accessing services from the newly introduced e-government system at Addis Ababa Vital Events Registration Authority (AAVERA). The mediation analysis have demonstrated that there is no significant direct effect of e-government on citizens’ satisfaction, but there is a complete mediation of perceived service delivery on the effect of e-government on citizens’ satisfaction.

Trends in mortality at Federal Medical Centre, Owo, Ondo State, Nigeria 2006-2014.

Introductionvital events registration is not accurately done in Nigeria. Hence, mortality data is often not available. Health facility-based data can provide useful information on the trends in mortality of a population. This study describes the trend of deaths in a tertiary health facility.Methodsa retrospective review of the medical records of all patients that died in the Federal Medical Centre, Owo, Ondo State, Nigeria from 2006 to 2014 was conducted. Data extracted from the records included age, sex, primary cause of death and date of admission and death. Frequencies were done and the median age of male and female deaths were compared using Mann-Whitney U test.Resultsa total of 1,326 deaths occurred in the hospital. The median age at death was 46 years (range: 0-110), median age was 49 years in males and 43 years in females (p = 0.025). One fifth (20.9%) of deaths was in infants. The median length of hospital stay was 4 days (range: 0-277). The highest proportion of death (16.4%) was in 2009 and on Wednesdays (15.9%). More deaths occurred in January (11.5%) and (10.3%) in February than in other months. The leading cause of communicable disease death in age 1 and above were HIV (15.2%) and TB (2.5%). Birth asphyxia (39.3%) and low birth weight (46%) were the commonest cause of death in infants.Conclusionover the years the leading causes of mortality were preventable. Infant mortality remains a public health problem. Hospital mortality data could guide health decision making and interventions in Nigeria. Interventions to reduce death from communicable diseases and in infants are urgently recommended.

Use of ICT in Vital Event Registration in Nepal and its Implementation Challenges

To improve service delivery of government, paper based vital event registration (VER) system should gradually be replaced by ICT based system. This paper highlights the barriers that may stand in implementing ICT in VER. Questionnaire was used to collect primary data. Population size for the research was 6,743 out of which 272 valid responses were used for the research. The gathered data were subjected to demographic study, T-test, ANOVA test and Reliability analysis. The correlation between independent and dependent variables were computed. It was found that nine constructs namely: cost, leadership and management support, organizational process and commitment, usability, human factor, system feature, infrastructure, acts, rules and regulations and political situation are major barriers for implementing ICT based system for vital event registration.

Bayesian estimation of total fertility from a population's age–sex structure

We investigate a modern statistical approach to a classic deterministic demographic estimation technique. When vital event registration is missing or inadequate, it is possible to approximate a population's total fertility rate (TFR) from information about its distribution by age and sex. For example, if under-five child mortality is low then TFR is often close to seven times the child/woman ratio (CWR), the number of 0–4 year olds per 15–49-year-old woman. We analyse the formal relationship between CWR and TFR to identify sources of uncertainty in indirect estimates. We construct a Bayesian model for the statistical distribution of TFR conditional on the population's age–sex structure, in which unknown demographic quantities in the standard approximation are parameters with prior distributions. We apply the model in two case studies: to a small indigenous population in the Amazon region of Brazil that has extremely high fertility rates, and to the set of 159 counties in the US state of Georgia. A statistical approach yields important insights into the sources of error in indirect estimation, and their relative magnitudes.

Expectation of life at old age: revisiting Horiuchi-Coale and reconciling with Mitra

Data quality issues at advanced old age, such as incompleteness of registration of vital events and age misreporting, compromise estimates of the death rates and remaining life expectancy at those ages. Following up on Horiuchi and Coale (Population Studies 36: 317-326, 1982), Mitra (Population Studies 38: 313-319, 1984, Population Studies 39: 511–512, 1985), and Coale (Population Studies 39: 507–509, 1985), we examine the conventional approaches to constructing life tables from data deficient at advanced ages and the two adjustment methods by the mentioned authors. Contrary to earlier reports by Horiuchi, Coale, and Mitra, we show that the two methods are consistent and useful in drastically reducing the estimation errors in life expectancy as compared to the conventional approaches, i.e., the classical open age interval model and extrapolation of the death rates. Our results suggest complementing the classical estimates of life expectancy by adjustments using Horiuchi-Coale, Mitra, or other appropriate methods and avoiding the extrapolation method as a tool for estimating the life expectancy.

Reporting Deaths Among Children Aged

Mortality surveillance and vital registration are limited in Sierra Leone, a country with one of the highest mortality rates among children aged <5 years worldwide, approximately 120 deaths per 1,000 live births (1,2). To inform efforts to strengthen surveillance, stillbirths and deaths in children aged <5 years from multiple surveillance streams in Bombali Sebora chiefdom were retrospectively reviewed. In total, during January 2015-November 2016, 930 deaths in children aged <5 years were identified, representing 73.3% of the 1,269 deaths that were expected based on modeled estimates. The "117" telephone alert system established during the Ebola virus disease (Ebola) epidemic captured 683 (73.4%) of all reported deaths in children aged <5 years, and was the predominant reporting source for stillbirths (n = 172). In the absence of complete vital events registration, 117 call alerts markedly improved the completeness of reporting of stillbirths and deaths in children aged <5 years.