Vital Activity Research Articles

Specific Features of the Functional Activity of Human Adipose Stromal Cells in the Structure of a Partial Skin-Equivalent.

Mesenchymal adipose stromal cells (ASCs) are considered the most promising and accessible material for translational medicine. ASCs can be used independently or within the structure of scaffold-based constructs, as these not only ensure mechanical support, but can also optimize conditions for cell activity, as specific features of the scaffold structure have an impact on the vital activity of the cells. This manuscript presents a study of the secretion and accumulation that occur in a conditioned medium during the cultivation of human ASCs within the structure of such a partial skin-equivalent that is in contact with it. It is demonstrated that the ASCs retain their functional activity during cultivation both within this partial skin-equivalent structure and, separately, on plastic substrates: they proliferate and secrete various proteins that can then accumulate in the conditioned media. Our comparative study of changes in the conditioned media during cultivation of ASCs on plastic and within the partial skin-equivalent structure reveals the different dynamics of the release and accumulation of such secretory factors in the media under a variety of conditions of cell functioning. It is also demonstrated that the optimal markers for assessment of the ASCs' secretory functions in the studied partial skin-equivalent structure are the trophic factors VEGF-A, HGF, MCP, SDF-1α, IL-6 and IL-8. The results will help with the development of an algorithm for preclinical studies of this skin-equivalent in vitro and may be useful in studying various other complex constructs that include ASCs.

“Omic tools” for investigation creative plant systens

The result of the genotype/environment (G/E) interaction affects the success of the implementation of the genetic program of a plant biological system of any level, from a cell population to a multicellular organism. During this interaction, the plant system absorbs trophic and energy resources, processes and assimilates them. Under normal conditions, signal perception and transduction occurs against the background of homeostasis regulated by the genome. Genetic control is exercised at all stages of growth and development of plant systems via differential gene expression. The activity of metabolism is coordinated by the cooparated action of the ionome, proteome, metabolome, and transcriptome. Direct and cross connections between these aspects of life activity are established and developed constantly and manifest themselves in the form of dynamic phenotypic effects from structural formations and enzyme chains. Disturbanses within the individual stages of metabolism and the disconnection between them reveal differences between stable, sensitive and unstable forms. The obtained information is the basis for experiments to obtain forms with improved characteristics. A range of tasks has been outlined in this direction, and there have already been significant developments. Comparison of the dynamics of the functioning of creative variants of plant systems of any level showed their significant differences from the original forms. Changes in creative systems are determined by the interactions of transgenes with endogenous genes and can manifest themselves in the form of positive/negative/combined characteristics of the new system. Comparative studies of the dynamics of vital activity will provide information about the coordinated process of communication both within the cell and between the tissues of a multicellular organism. The use of various combinations of “omic tools” will facilitate the discovery of new promising candidates among structural and regulatory genes, as well as among promoters. On the other hand, the obtained biological information will be a stimulus for improving the methods and directions of research.

Researches on the Mobility and Toxicity of Heavy Metals from Balomir Tailings Dump – Uricani Jiu Valley

Abstract Coal mining is a vital industrial activity but often associated with negative environmental effects, including the accumulation of waste containing heavy metals in tailings dump. These heavy metals, such as lead, chromium, copper, zinc, cadmium, mercury, and others, pose significant risks to the environment and human health. The mobility of these heavy metals is a major concern, as they can be released into soil and water during rain or erosion processes, contaminating water sources and affecting aquatic and terrestrial life. These metals can be taken over by plants and eventually end up in the trophic chain, including in humans. The toxicity of heavy metals is well known, with these substances having harmful effects on human health. In this paper, the main ways of transferring heavy metals into environmental components and their spatial distribution from sterile holes to water and soil environment components. As a case study, the sterile Balomir hole, an inactive hole for about 9 years resulting from the exploitation of the hule from the Uricani mine located in the Jiu Valley.

A Comprehensive Fuzzy Model for Understanding Neuronal Calcium Distribution in Presence of VGCC, Na+/Ca2+ Exchanger, Buffer, and ER Fluxes.

Free Calcium ions in the cytosol are essential for many physiological and physical functions. The free calcium ions are commonly regarded as a second messenger, are an essential part of brain communication. Numerous physiological activities, such as calcium buffering and calcium ion channel flow, etc. influence the cytosolic calcium concentration. In light of the above, the primary goal of this study is to develop a model of calcium distribution in neuron cells when a Voltage-Gated Calcium Channel and Sodium Calcium Exchanger are present. As we know, decreased buffer levels and increased calcium activity in the Voltage-Gated Calcium Channel and Sodium Calcium Exchanger lead to Alzheimer's disease. Due to these changes, the calcium diffusion in that location becomes disrupted and impacted by Alzheimer's disease. The model has been constructed by considering key factors like buffers and ER fluxes when Voltage-Gated Calcium Channels and Sodium Calcium Exchangers are present. Based on the physiological conditions of the parameters, appropriate boundary conditions have been constructed in the fuzzy environment. This model is considered a fuzzy boundary value problem with the source term and initial boundary conditions are modeled by triangular fuzzy functions. In this, paper we observed the approximate solution of the mathematical model which was investigated by the fuzzy undetermined coefficient method. The solution has been performed through MATLAB and numerical results have been computed using simulation. The observation made that the proper operation of the Voltage-Gated Calcium Channel and Sodium Calcium Exchanger is critical for maintaining the delicate equilibrium of calcium ions, which regulates vital cellular activities. Dysregulation of Voltage-Gated Calcium Channel and Sodium Calcium Exchanger activity has been linked to neurodegenerative illnesses like Alzheimer's disease.

Legal Anomie in the Legal Life of Modern Society

Introduction. The article analyzes the problems associated with such a modern challenge as legal anomie. And although anomie is studied very actively in philosophy and sociology, this cannot be said about legal science. The authors advocate the creation of a theory of legal anomie, in which they propose to explore its essence, content and structure, and give it a general characteristic. In this regard, the article examines the concept and signs of legal anomie, shows its place and role not only in the legal system, but also in the legal life of society. Materials and methods. The methodological basis of the research is based on the following general scientific and special methods of cognition of the manifestation of legal anomie in the legal life of modern society: materialistic dialectics, complex and systematic approaches, sociological and statistical, comparative legal and formal legal methods. The results of the study. Anomalous processes are investigated both in relation to the legal system and in relation to a broader category — the legal life of society. Cognition in this way allowed us to "enter" the shadow component of legal life, which is reinforced by abnormal manifestations. As a result of the analysis, it was revealed that legal anomie can be associated with the refusal to comply not only with established legal, but also with other social norms (political, moral, etc.), which sometimes allows it to transform into a special form — dysnomy. Based on the results of the analysis based on statistical and sociological data, it was revealed that the legal anomie that existed in Russia in the 90s has mostly been overcome, in Western countries (primarily in the USA) it is only "gaining momentum", acting as a significant threat to their development.Discussion and conclusion. It is proved that legal anomie has a very significant impact on the legal life of society through its legal system. Abnormal processes, being a destabilizing factor for the latter, thereby chaoticize any vital activity, including legal ones. Such a circumstance is one of the signs of legal anomie, because thereby, in terms of content, a number of legal consequences dangerous to society are created: violations of human and civil rights and freedoms, legality and law and order, harmful effects on the consciousness of the individual, etc.

The use of phytocomposition in beekeeping as an ecological method for stimulating the vital activity and immune status of honey bees

The use of phytocomposition in beekeeping as an ecological method for stimulating the vital activity and immune status of honey bees

Evaluation of the influence of an aggressive environment on the durability of the cement stone

The paper proposes methods for assessing the durability of building materials and structures based on Portland cement when exposed to aggressive environments that mimic the products of the vital activity of bacteria on building materials. To determine the main parameters of the model of degradation of building materials under the action of aggressive environments, a mathematical model has been developed in the form of integral and differential relations connecting these parameters. A technique for identifying the mechanical characteristics included in these models based on the solution of inverse biodegradation problems has been developed. The analysis of changes in the structure of the cement stone was carried out using the results of computed tomography, and the regularities of the distribution of pores in the cement stone from the time of exposure were obtained. Based on experimental and numerical studies, it has been established that the mechanism of destruction of cement stone obtained by the traditional method and activation in the vortex layer apparatus is different. The difference lies in the greater accumulation of cement stone interaction products in the activated sample, which is confirmed by a shift in porosity to less than 0.5 mm and a lower solubility value compared to the control composition. The compressive strength of the samples as a result of exposure for 28 days decreased by 37% and 20% for the control and activated compositions. The mass of the studied samples as a result of exposure decreased by 49% and 21%, respectively. On the basis of this mechanism, a mathematical model of the process of material degradation in an aggressive one is developed, taking into account changes in porosity and acidity concentration, and dependence of material strength reduction are obtained.

Gender Differences in Psycho-Emotional State and Quality of Life in Patients 3 Months after Pneumonia COVID-19

Background: there is the different susceptibility to viral infections, course of the disease, reaction to stress and quality of life (QoL) in men and women. The aim of this study is to identify the psycho-emotional state and QoL characteristics of women and men in 3 months after COVID-19 pneumonia. Patients and methods: during the cross-sectional study within the framework of the prospective cohort study “Prospective follow-up of patients after COVID-19-associated pneumonia”, 133 patients (54.1% women; mean age 54 ± 9 years) were examined by experimental psychological method (PHQ-9, GAD-7, PSS-10, SF-36). The mental health was assessed by a psychiatrist, the cardiovascular system — by a cardiologist. Results: women were more likely to have psychoemotional disorders (p = 0.011) and symptoms of depression (p = 0.030). All indicators of QoL were higher among men. In women, a decrease in the scores on the vital activity scale increased the frequency of detecting signs of anxiety, depression (p = 0.004) and stress, an increase in the values on the social functioning scale showed an association with severe lung damage in the acute period of the disease (p = 0.024). In men, a decrease in pain intensity indicators is associated with the detection of mental disorders (p = 0.039) and the appointment of psychotropic therapy (p = 0.005). The severity of stress was observed with a decrease in values on all scales of the QoL questionnaire. The older age of the examined was determined with a decrease in the indicators of the physical component of health (p = 0.006) and other physical aspects of QoL. Conclusion: the mental state differs significantly in men and women 3 months after COVID-19 pneumonia. QoL of both sexes is associated with stress. In women, QoL depends on the mental state, in men depends on physical well-being. The results obtained can be applied in the planning of rehabilitation measures taking into account gender characteristics.

Application of a new brine of sprouted grains for delicatessen products from horse meat, beef, and pork

The main task of the meat processing industry is to produce meat products as the primary source of animal protein that ensures the vital activity of the human body in the necessary volumes, high quality, and a diverse assortment. Providing the population with high-quality food products that are biologically complete, balanced in the composition of the primary nutrients, and enriched with target physiologically active components is one of the most priority scientific and technical problems to be solved. In this regard, a recipe for a new brine from sprouted grains for delicatessen products from horse meat, beef, and pork was developed. The composition of the new brine includes flavoring and aromatic ingredients, juice of sprouted grains, and juices of raw vegetable materials. The viscosity of horse meat, beef, and pork during massaging was studied. Thermodynamic parameters such as water activity and moisture binding energy of horse meat, beef, and pork using a new brine were studied. The data analysis shows that the values of the “aw” indicator and the moisture binding energy in the experimental samples of meat products are higher than in the control samples. Studies have found that with an increase in the activity of water and the moisture binding energy, the tenderness of finished delicatessen meat products with a new brine increases. As a result, it was found that the maximum amount of brine in horse meat is retained at 160 minutes of continuous massaging, in beef – at 130 minutes, in pork – at 120 minutes of mechanical processing.

Advanced Real Time Bone Fracture Monitoring with Pain Control Mechanism

Bones provide structural aid to the frame, and bone fracture recuperation is crucial for regaining functionality and mobility. The boundaries of traditional external fixators in bone fracture remedy, characterized by a loss of actual-time monitoring and capability complications, necessitate a paradigm shift. To clear up this trouble, a clever fixator design imbued with the transformative energy of Aware, Sensing, Smart, and Active (ASSA) technology has been developed. This fixator transcends its passive role, evolving into a wise IoT gateway. It continuously gathers and analyses facts from numerous incorporated sensors, supplying real-time insights into the tricky dance of fracture healing. Its analytical prowess fosters computerized identification of vital activities and milestones within the affected person's recuperation journey, empowering well-timed interventions and knowledgeable scientific selection-making. Furthermore, the fixator vigilantly monitors patient compliance, making sure adherence to prescribed behaviours and nipping non-compliance in the bud. However, its innovation extends beyond mere monitoring. Embedded within its smart framework lies a modern pain manipulation mechanism powered through a thermoelectric generator (TEG).

СТАН МОСТОВОГО ГОСПОДАРСТВА УКРАЇНИ НА ДОРОГАХ ЗАГАЛЬНОГО КОРИСТУВАННЯ ДЕРЖАВНОГО ЗНАЧЕННЯ НА ПІДКОНТРОЛЬНИХ ТЕРИТОРІЯХ ЗА 2023 РІК

Introduction. Bridges are important critical infrastructure facilities; they play a key role in economic development and ensure the security of regions and the state as a whole. During the period of martial law, bridges became an important element of the country's defense capability, as well as routes for humanitarian evacuation and export logistics. To make effective management decisions at the level of the State Agency for the Restoration and Development of Infrastructure of Ukraine in the field of bridge management, the Analytical Expert Bridge Management System (AESUM) software package is being implemented. Problem statement. In connection with the introduction of martial law in Ukraine, ensuring the proper functioning of the bridge sector has become of great social importance, since the availability of sustainable transport links allows to ensure the vital activity of the population and the functioning of the state under martial law. It is also important to improve the strategy of operation of transport facilities, taking into account the scientific and analytical apparatus of the AESUM software package. Objective. Implementation of an effective strategy for the operation of bridges on highways in order to plan financial resources for their repair and maintenance. Providing the general public with up-to-date statistical information on bridges from AESUM will be useful for scientific and practical purposes, and identifying certain analytical trends will allow to improve AESUM in terms of forming a strategy for the operation of transport facilities. Materials and methods. Analytical, statistical, system analysis. Results. The paper presents analytical and statistical information on transport facilities on public roads of national importance in the controlled territories of Ukraine as of the end of 2023. Certain trends have been identified and the technical condition of transport facilities has been focused on.

The value attitude of a person to their psychological health: approaches to the definition

The article is devoted to identification of the main characteristics that constitute the concept “value attitude of a person to their psychological health” that was conducted on the basis of the analysis of domestic and foreign literature. Firstly, the characteristic “health” was highlighted which is a state of the body characterised by internal comfort providing various functions of vital activity, creating mental, social and physical well-being that forms the basis of life quality. Secondly, the authors defined the characteristic “psychological health” as a psychological state of internal well-being of a person which depends on the individual-personal characteristics of a human, on their views and attitudes, on the degree of satisfaction of their needs and implementation of their own life plans. It is also seen as the ability of a person to withstand various stresses, changes in life and the ability to recover after that. Thirdly, the characteristic “value” was outlined. It is ideological orientation of the individual which is formed by their ideas of ideals, moral standards of behaviour in everyday life and which determines the personal meaning. Fourthly, the characteristic “attitude” was also studied. It is a conscious, selective, experience-based psychological connection of a person with reality which is expressed in actions, reactions and experiences and is formed in the process of activity. The final characteristic of the considered concept was the “value attitude”. It is defined as a one-sided relationship between a subject and an object when the subject assess the objects of reality according to their certain moral criteria. Thus, on the basis of the analysis of domestic and foreign psychological and pedagogical approaches, the authors have formulated the definition of the concept “value attitude of a person to their psychological health”.

Prediction of Transcription Factor Binding Sites on Cell-Free DNA Based on Deep Learning.

Transcription factors (TFs) are important regulatory elements for vital cellular activities, and the identification of transcription factor binding sites (TFBS) can help to explore gene regulatory mechanisms. Research studies have proved that cfDNA (cell-free DNA) shows relatively higher coverage at TFBS due to the protection by TF from degradation by nucleases and short fragments of cfDNA are enriched in TFBS. However, there are still great difficulties in the noninvasive identification of TFBSs from experimental techniques. In this study, we propose a deep learning-based approach that can noninvasively predict TFBSs of cfDNA by learning sequence information from known TFBSs through convolutional neural networks. Under the addition of long short-term memory, our model achieved an area under the curve of 84%. Based on this model to predict cfDNA, we found consistent motifs in cfDNA fragments and lower coverage occurred upstream and downstream of these cfDNA fragments, which is consistent with a previous study. We also found that the binding sites of the same TF differ in different cell lines. TF-specific target genes were detected from cfDNA and were enriched in cancer-related pathways. In summary, our method of locating TFBSs from plasma has the potential to reflect the intrinsic regulatory mechanism from a noninvasive perspective and provide technical guidance for dynamic monitoring of disease in clinical practice.

The impact of community-led conservation models on women's nature-based livelihood outcomes in semi-arid Northern Ghana

With increasing human-induced environmental degradation, women's nature-based livelihood activities are threatened. In semi-arid northern Ghana, shea processing (i.e., shea butter, a derivative of shea nut from the shea tree), a vital women-dominated economic activity, is at risk as naturally occurring shea trees continue to decline in numbers and productivity. The decline of the shea tree's number and productivity and the ensuing biodiversity loss have sparked conservation efforts by governments and local communities. This includes community-led conservation models, which have recently gained traction in the Global South. Ghana implemented the Community Resource Management Areas (CREMA)—a community-led conservation model to improve biodiversity and ecosystem services, including shea trees conservation in response to climate change. Research has not explored the impacts of community-led conservation efforts on women’s nature-based livelihoods in Ghana. Using a mixed-methods approach involving surveys (n = 517) and focus group discussions (n = 8), this study explored shea productivity outcomes under CREMAs. Findings show that women residing in CREMAs had significantly better shea harvesting outcomes than those outside CREMAs (α = −53.725; P < 0.01). These findings demonstrate the potential for targeted conservation initiatives that are community-led, such as the CREMAs, to improve the conservation of economically significant naturally occurring trees like Shea. With the increasing impacts of climate change and environmental degradation, such models would be instrumental in achieving sustainable development goals like SDG5-gender equality, SDG10-reduced inequalities, SDG13-Climate action, SDG14-life below water, and SDG14-life on land.

Quantitative detection of L-cysteine with a ratiometric probe combined with smartphone imaging and fluorescent test strips

Cysteine is an important thiol involved in the vital activities of the human body, and many physiological processes in the body are associated with it. Accurate detection of cysteine is of great importance in monitoring the development of diseases. In this paper, we prepared a ratiometric flavonoid fluorescent probe, HDFA, that exhibits specific selectivity for L-cysteine. HDFA was the first fluorescent probe that can distinguish between L-cysteine and D-cysteine. When detecting L-cysteine, the fluorescence color changed from blue to yellow, and the fluorescence quantum yield increased from 16.96 % to 21.30 %. The probe has a short response time (90 s) to L-cysteine, a large Stokes shift (186 nm), good selectivity, and anti-interference, and the detection limit was 0.32 μM. The detection mechanism was confirmed by mass spectrometry. In addition, HDFA has good applications in cell imaging, smartphone fluorescence imaging and fluorescence test strip detection.

The influence of premenstrual syndrome on the quality of life of women engaged in intellectual work

Currently, the role of intellectual work in the overall structure of professional activity has increased. Women suffering from premenstrual syndrome, as part of their professional activities, often engage in mental labor, which is reflected in increased fatigue, decreased performance. In order to assess the impact of premenstrual syndrome on the quality of life of women engaged in mental work, 237 women were surveyed about the course of premenstrual syndrome and quality of life according to the SF-36 questionnaire. As a result of the study, a significant decrease in indicators of physical functioning, pain intensity, vital activity, and social functioning was revealed. The total jinzi quality index in the group of mental work is the lowest of all considered. The severity of premenstrual syndrome is also the highest in comparison with the group of physical labor

Effect of total dissolved gas supersaturation on the passage behavior of silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) and ya-fish (Schizothorax prenanti) through an experimental vertical slot fishway

Total dissolved gas (TDG) supersaturation caused by flood discharge water poses a threat to vital activities such as migration, foraging, and evasion in fish species upstream of the Yangtze River, which may impair the ability of fish to pass through fishways during the migration period, causing poor utilization of fishways. Previous studies have shown that TDG supersaturation reduces the critical and burst swimming abilities of fish, suggesting potential adverse effects on swimming performance. However, studies focusing on the impact of TDG on fish swimming behavior in experimental vertical-slot fishways remain scarce. Therefore, in this study, silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) and ya-fish (Schizothorax prenanti) were used as the study species, and comparative passage experiments were carried out in an experimental vertical slot fishway to systematically analyze the effects of TDG supersaturation on their passage behavior. The passage success of the silver carp was 57%, 39%, 26%, and 27% at TDG levels of 100%, 110%, 120%, and 130%, respectively. Passage success of ya-fish was 73%, 37%, 31%, and 35% at TDG concentrations of 100%, 110%, 120%, and 130%, respectively. The passage time for both species increased significantly with increasing TDG levels. Furthermore, the passage routes of silver carp changed significantly compared to the control group, whereas the passage routes of ya-fish changed insignificantly. High levels of TDG supersaturation (≥120%) also contributed to a higher mortality rate of ya-fish passing through the vertical slot fishway. The research results provide valuable data on the influence of TDG supersaturation on fish movement behavior responses in experimental vertical slot fishways, offering a reference for the design of fishways and the formulation of reservoir operation schemes.

Halogen-substituted meso-BODIPY ethers as effective photosensitizers for antimycotic photodynamic therapy

We conducted a comprehensive study of the influence of the molecular structure and solvent nature on the photophysical properties of the halogen-substituted meso-BODIPY ethers. The compounds were found to be stable over a wide range of pH values and exhibited intense chromophoric properties (lgε ∼ 4.60–5.02) at 497–536 nm. The halogenation at the 2,6-positions of the pyrrole rings of dyes causes a noticeable (up to 36 nm and 44 nm) red shift of the maximum of the absorption and fluorescence bands, respectively, and sharp fluorescence quenching up to φfl ∼ 2–32 %. The introduction of a bulky ester substituent into the meso-position of the dipyrromethene core increases the photostability of the dyes up to ∼ 2.7 times due to screening of the methine spacer. Moreover, the halogen-substituted BODIPYs demonstrated a high ability to generate singlet oxygen (up to ФΔ ∼50–78 %) regardless of the nature of the solvent. Among the studied dyes, the diiodo-substituted meso-BODIPY ether has an appreciable inhibitory effect on the vital activity of fungal cells. In summary, the combination of the meso-substitution and halogenation of the BODIPY core is an excellent way to enhance the affinity of dyes to biostructures and to increase the possibilities of the practical application of dyes as effective photosensitizers for antibacterial photodynamic therapy.

Fishing resources of the traditional gastronomy of Macaronesia: A navigation through the intangible food heritage in the Azores, Madeira, Canary Islands and Cabo Verde

Artisanal fishing is a vital activity in the Macaronesia archipelagos (Azores, Madeira, Canaries, and Cabo Verde) within the Northeast Atlantic (15°–39°N). It has historically played a pivotal role in poverty alleviation, employment generation, and the fortification of food security and sovereignty. This sector faces chronic threats from resource overexploitation, poaching, and the rising trend of recreational fishing. Recent decades have witnessed the growth of mass tourism, primarily reliant on processed fish from distant sources, exacerbating the situation alongside the impact of warming seas. Traditional fishing resources and their connection to regional gastronomy form a crucial part of the intangible cultural heritage of these archipelagos. Therefore, promoting local production and fostering education around smarter, healthier, and more sustainable consumption are imperative. Data on traditional fishery resources in Macaronesian gastronomy have been collated from diverse sources, including literature, specialised websites, interviews, and the extensive expertise of the authors. This information has been categorised by environmental resource groups for each archipelago. The biodiversity exploited by Macaronesia's artisanal fleets, integral to classic regional cuisine, encompasses over 220 marine species, with around 330 culinary dishes and seafood preparation methods catalogued. While there exists substantial similarity in the fishery resources utilised in the traditional cuisines of these four archipelagos, the Canaries have historically incorporated additional species from the Northwest African coasts. Meanwhile, Cabo Verde has integrated more tropical elements and has had limited developed in its deep-water fisheries. Macaronesia's gastronomic heritage, rooted in Portuguese and Spanish traditions, reflects a Mediterranean Diet characterised by lifestyle and the utilization of traditional recipes.

Effect of ivermectin, amitraz and fipronil on midgut epithelium and digestive enzyme profile in Rhipicephalus microplus ticks (Acari: Ixodidae).

Blood feeding and digestion are vital physiological activities essential for the survival and reproduction of ticks. Chemical acaricides viz., ivermectin, amitraz and fipronil, are known to act on the central nervous system, resulting in the mortality of ticks. The present study is focused on the effect of these acaricides on the midgut and gut enzymes ofRhipicephalus microplus.The ultra-thin sections of midgut of ivermectin-treated ticks showed irregular basal membrane and ruptured digestive vesicles. Amitraz treatment resulted in a notable decrease in digestive cells with pleats in the basal membrane, while fipronil-exposed ticks exhibited reduced digestive cells, loss of cellular integrity, and disintegration of the basal membrane and muscle layer.The gut tissue homogenate of ivermectin and fipronil treated ticks showed a significant reduction of cathepsin D level, 76.54 ± 3.20 μg/mL and 92.67 ± 3.72 μg/mL, respectively, as compared to the control group (150.0 ± 3.80 μg/mL). The leucine aminopeptidase level (4.27 ± 0.08 units/mL) was significantly decreased in the ivermectin treated ticks compared to other treatment groups.The acid phosphatase activity (29.16 ± 0.67 μmole/min/L) was reduced in the ivermectin treated group whereas, increased activity was observed in the fipronil and amitraz treated groups. All the treatment groups revealed increased alkaline phosphatase levels (17.47-26.72 μmole/min/L). The present finding suggests that in addition to the established mechanism of action of the tested acaricides on the nervous system, the alterations in the cellular profile of digestive cells and enzymes possibly affect the blood digestion process and thus the synthesis of vital proteins which are essential for vitellogenesis, and egg production in ticks.