Vit B12 Research Articles

Protective effect of vitamin C, vitamin B12 and omega-3 on lead-induced memory impairment in rat.

Lead belongs to the heavy metal group and is considered as an environmental contaminant. Acute or chronic contact to lead can change the physiological function of human organs. One of the most important disorders following the lead exposure is neurotoxicity. Lead neurotoxicity consists of the neurobehavioral disturbances like cognitive impairment. The aim of the current study is to evaluate the possible protective effect of vitamin C (Vit C), vitamin B12 (Vit B12), omega 3 (ω-3), or their combination on the lead-induced memory disorder. Adult wistar rats were orally administered Vit C (120 mg/kg/day) or Vit B12 (1 mg/kg/day) or ω-3 (1000 mg/kg/day) or their combination for 3 weeks in groups of 7 animals each. Then lead acetate (15 mg/kg/day) was injected intraperitoneally for one week to all pretreated animals. The control group received normal saline as a vehicle while the positive control for cognitive impairment received just lead acetate. At the end of treatments animal memories were evaluated in Object Recognition Task. The results showed, although 15 mg/kg lead acetate significantly declines the memory-evaluating parameters, pretreatment with Vit C, Vit B12, ω-3, or their combination considerably inverted the lead induced reduction in discrimination (d2) index (P < 0.001) and recognition (R) index (P < 0.001, P < 0.05, P < 0.05, and P < 0.001, respectively). Our findings indicate while lead acetate impairs spatial memory in rat, administration of Vit C, Vit B12, ω-3, or their combination prior to the lead exposure inhibits the lead induced cognitive loss. There was no remarkable difference in this effect between the used supplements.

Vitamin B6 Modifies the Immune Cross-Talk between Mononuclear and Colon Carcinoma Cells

The role of vitamin B6 as a key component in a number of biological events has been well established. Based on the relationship between chronic inflammation and carcinogenesis on the one hand, and the interaction between immune and cancer cells expressed by modulated cytokine production on the other hand, the aim of the present work was to examine the possibility that vitamin B6 affects cancer development by an interference in the cross-talk between human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and those from two colon carcinoma cell lines. Both non-stimulated PBMC and mononuclear cells induced for cytokine production by HT-29 and RKO cells from human colon carcinoma lines were incubated without and with 4, 20 and 100 μg/ml of pyridoxal hydrochloride (vitamin B6) and secretion of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, IFN-γ, IL-10, and IL-1ra was examined. Vit B6 caused a dose-dependent decrease in production of all cytokines examined, except for that of IL-1ra. The results indicate that vitamin B6 exerts an immunomodulatory effect on human PBMC. The finding that production of inflammatory cytokines is more pronounced when PBMC are in contact with malignant cells and markedly inhibited by the vitamin suggests an additional way by which vitamin B6 may exert its carcinopreventive effect.

Study of BECKMAN COULTER LH 750 CPD parameters in subclinical Vitamin B12 deficiency

Introduction: Vit B12 deficiency causes macrocytic anemia and the early features of vitamin B12 deficiency in a peripheral blood smear is the presence of macrocytic RBCs and hyper segmented neutrophils and a raised MCV >99 fl. Subclinical deficiency is more prevalent in the population and timely diagnosis of vit B12 deficiency in such patients is of paramount importance so that timely treatment is initiated before overt clinical symptoms become evident and irreversible. The present study was undertaken to evaluate whether the Beckman coulter VCS parameters MoV –DW (monocyte anisocytosis) and NeV-DW (neutrophil anisocytosis) can predict Vitamin B12 deficiency in subclinical cases. Materials and Methods: A total of 200 patients both male and female were included in the study. They were divided in to cut off. Conclusion: No single ideal marker exists for vitB12 deficiency especially in subclinical conditions. However we can say that monocyte & neutrophil anisocytosis (MoV-DW and NeV-DW) are associated with vit B12 deficiency and can be used to predict vit B12 deficiency in subclinical cases. Making use of research VCS parameters from Beckman Coulter LH750 along with complete blood count at a reasonable cost, subclinical vitB12 deficiency can be determined. Keywords: LH 750, VCS, CPD, NeV-DW, MoV-DW, LyV-DW

Faster Recovery after Exercise with Phytochemicals Aimed at Mitochondrial Energy Turnover - A Double Blind Randomized Placebo Control Study in College Female Soccer Players

In order to replenish energy stores after exercise we developed a nutraceutical containing ingredients that precisely fuel the ATP generating mitochondria thus resulting in a faster recovery after workout.To test the working hypothesis 18 healthy female college soccer players (mean age 18) enrolled in a short but extreme workout on the treadmill for 12 min as demonstrated in their rise in lactic acid. The volunteers were given an energy drink containing Q10-H2 (ubiquinol), NADH (nicotinamide-adenine-dinucleotide-hydride or Q1), ribose, eleutherosides B &amp; E, Vit B2 &amp; B3, passion flower and Vit E over a period of one week. Following a washout of 4 weeks a similar looking and tasting placebo solution was given in a double blind randomized crossover design. Heart rate recovery rate and systolic blood pressure demonstrated a significant faster return to base line than after placebo within the first 1-5 minutes following exercise. In addition, ATP regeneration capacity in leucocytes following washout of sodiumazide, a specific inhibitor at the mitochondrial electron transport complex V, was statistically higher (p &lt; 0.05) in subjects after verum.The composition consisting of mitochondrial active substances, results in a higher synthesis rate of ATP, which coincided with a faster heart rate recovery rate after workout.

강직성 뇌성마비의 침자치료에 대한 문헌고찰 - 최근 중의잡지를 중심으로 -

Abstract A Literature Study on Acupuncture for Spastic Cerebral Palsy Yu Sun Ae 1 ․Cho Sung Woo 2 ․Lee Seung Yeon 11 Department of Pediatrics, College of Oriental Medicine , Dongeui University 2 Department of Oriental Rehabiliation, College of Oriental Medicine , Dongeui UniversityObjectives The purpose of this study is to look into the methods of acupuncture for spastic cerebral palsy.Methods27 cases of the clinical literature were selected from 43 studies about cerebral palsy and spastics. Theses literature were published between the January 2010 to September 2015 by using the China Academic Journal (CAJ) of China National Knoweldge Infrastructure (CNKI).ResultsMost studies mentioned the effect of acupuncture (scalp, general) or acupoint-injection, derma needle, warm acupoint. It was more effective with other herbal complex rehabilitation therapy such as acupuncture, physical therapy occupational therapy, rehabilitation, and the complex speech therapy than just the herbal therapy alone. Acupuncture of acupoint-injection has overall 86～96% of rehabilitation rate.The acupuncture was often used with the general acupuncture and scalp acupuncture. Commonly used major acupuncture points were sishencong (四神總), bohui (百會), yundongqu (運動區), and pinghengqu (平衡區), Li11, Li04, Gb39, St41.The main acupoint-injection points were fengchi (Gb21) and jiexi (St41). For the injection, brain actiator, astragalus injection, cerebroprotein hydrolysate, Vit B1, Vit B2 were commonly used.ConclusionAcupuncture and acupoint-injection have been shown as an effective treatment on spastic cerebral palsy. The acupuncture was used often with the general acupuncture and scalp acupuncture all together. Key words : Spastic cerebral palsy, Aupuncture, Cinese medical journal

The C677T MTHFR genotypes influence the efficacy of B9 and B12 vitamins supplementation to lowering plasma total homocysteine in hemodialysis.

Hyperhomocysteinaemia, an independent risk factor for cardiovascular diseases, is common in hemodialysis patients (HD) and particularly in those homozygous for polymorphism of the 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) gene. B vitamins supplementation has been shown to lower plasma total homocysteine (tHcy), but this has been contreversed in several groups. The aim of our study was to explore the response of tHcy in hemodialysis (HD) patients to individual supplementation with folic acid (B9) and/or vitamin B12, based on carrier status for the (MTHFR) polymorphism. 132HD were randomized according to C677TMTHFR genotypes into 2 groups (AandB). The group (A) was treated initially with B9 (10mg/day orally) for 2months (t1) and then with B12 vitamin (cyanocobalamin ampoule of 1000μg) for the following 2months (t2), then association of B9 and B12 for 2months (t3). The group (B) was supplemented initially with vitamin B12 (t1), then with folic acid (t2) and then B9+B12 for 2months (t3). A wash-out period of 2months followed the treatment in both groups (t4). We determined tHcy, B9 and B12 concentrations at each time. In group A, we noted that the decrease in tHcy becomes significant for CC when patients were supplemented with vit B12 only (p=0.009). While, B9+vit B12 supplementation did not seem to improve a significant effect compared with B12 alone. For genotypes (CT) and (TT) we noticed a significant decrease in tHcy at t1 (p=0.038; 0.005 respectively) and at (t3; CT p=0.024; TT p=0.017). In group B, for genotypes CC, the decrease in tHcy became significant at t3 (vit B12+B9; p=0.031). For genotypes (CT) and (TT), at the replacement of vit B12 by B9, tHcy was significantly decreased (p=0.036; 0.012, respectively). The combination of the 2 vitamins (t3) showed no difference compared to folate alone. In the 2 groups (t4), there was an significant increase of tHcy again for 3 genotypes. Supplementation with B vitamins correlated to the MTHFR genotypes has been shown to lower significantly tHcy in HD patients.

OR040: The Association of Nutritional Status with Brain Atrophy and Cerebrovascular Lesions on Mri in a Cohort of Geriatric Outpatients

Rationale: Little information exists on the relation between malnutrition and brain atrophy and cerebrovascular lesions. Methods: In 359 geriatric outpatients nutritional status was assessed by MNA and by vitamin B1, B6, B12, and folic acid levels. White Matter Hyperintensities (WMHs), Global Cortical brain Atrophy (GCA) or Medial Temporal lobe Atrophy (MTA) on MRI were quantified using visual rating scales. Cognitive functioning was assessed by neuropsycological examination (n = 192) or by MMSE. Logistic regression analyses were performed to associate MNA categories and micronutrients (per SD decrease or absolute deficiency) with severe WHMs, GCA and MTA. All analyses were adjusted for age, sex, education, comorbidities, alcohol use and smoking and MNA scores were additionally adjusted for vitamin B levels. Analyses were repeated after stratification for cognitive status (healthy n = 94, unhealthy n = 265). Results: Mean age was 80 (SD 7) years, 13% were malnourished, and 55% were at risk of malnutrition. Vitamin deficiencies were observed in 5% (B1), 1.7% (B6), 8.1% (B12), and 1.9% (folic acid). Malnutrition and risk of malnutrition were associated with an increased risk of having severe WHMs, ORs (95% CI) 2.15 (1.10-4.22) and 2.98 (1.25-7.09). Results held after additional adjustment for B-vitamin status. Stratification for cognitive status showed similar results in cognitively (un)healthy patients. Lower vit B1 and vit B12 levels were associated with increased risk of WMHs [OR per SD decrease vit B1 1.49 (1.08-2.08), OR for absolute vit B12 deficiency 2.55 (1.04-6.26)]. Conclusion: Malnutrition and vit B1 and B12 deficiencies were associated with increased risk of WMHs, independent of each other and of cognitive status. Underlying mechanisms need to be further clarified and it also needs to be studied whether these findings are modifiable by nutritional interventions.

Effectiveness of homocysteine lowering vitamins in prevention of thrombotic tendency at high altitude area: A randomized field trial

IntroductionA higher risk of thrombosis has been reported on prolonged stay at high altitude (HAA). Lowering of homocysteine (Hcy) has been found to reduce the risk of venous thrombosis. A randomized field trial was conducted with primary question whether Hcy lowering agents have any effect on the incidence of thrombosis at HAA amongst Indian soldiers as compared to existing interventions. MethodsAll units freshly inducted to HAA were randomized into intervention (Vit B12 1000 microgram/day, B6 3mg/day & folic acid 5mg/day) and control arms, with a sample size of 12,000 person-years in each arm. ResultsAt the end of one year stay at HAA, Folate and B 12 levels decreased significantly in control arm. The levels of Hcy, fibrinogen and plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI 1) were lower and nitric oxide higher in intervention arm as compared to control arm (p<0.05). At the end of 2years, 5 thrombotic episodes occurred in the intervention arm and 17 in control arm with RR of 0.29 (95% CI 0.11-0.80), attributable fraction % (AFe) 70.59%, Population attributable risk percent 54.55% and Protective Fraction 240%. ConclusionIntervention with B12 and folic acid is effective in reducing Hcy, PAI 1, fibrinogen levels and increasing NO levels at 1yr as compared to control arm and reducing the incidence of thrombosis at 2years of stay at HAA. Thus, vitamin B 12, B6 and folic acid intervention is safe and effective method of reducing morbidity and mortality caused by HAA induced coagulopathy.

Cardiogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells with gold nanoparticle loaded functionalized nanofibers

Cardiac tissue engineering promises to revolutionize the treatment of patients with end-stage heart failure and provide new solutions to the serious problems of shortage of heart donors. The influence of extracellular matrix (ECM) plays an influential role along with nanostructured components for guided stem cell differentiation. Hence, nanoparticle embedded Nanofibrous scaffolds of FDA approved polycaprolactone (PCL), Vitamin B12 (Vit B12), Aloe Vera(AV) and Silk fibroin(SF) was constructed to differentiate mesenchymal stem cells into cardiac lineage. Cardiomyocytes (CM) and Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) were co-cultured on these fabricated nanofibrous scaffolds for the regeneration of infarcted myocardium. Results demonstrated that synthesized gold nanoparticles were of the size 16nm and the nanoparticle loaded nanofibrous scaffold has a mechanical strength of 2.56MPa matching that of the native myocardium. The gold nanoparticle blended PCL scaffolds were found to be enhancing the MSCs proliferation and differentiation into cardiogenesis. Most importantly the phenotype and cardiac marker expression in differentiated MSCs were highly resonated in gold nanoparticle loaded nanofibrous scaffolds. The appropriate mechanical strength provided by the functionalized nanofibrous scaffolds profoundly supported MSCs to produce contractile proteins and achieve typical cardiac phenotype.

Taste disturbance after tonsillectomy: a rare but significant complication- a case report

Introduction: Tonsillectomy is the most commonly performed procedure and generally regarded as a safe surgery. Taste disturbance is a very rare complication after tonsillectomy, with very few reports in the literature. The most possible cause of this rare complication is direct or indirect damage to the glossopharyngeal nerve or its lingual branch (LBGN). Aim: To report a very rare complication of the most commonly performed procedure i.e. tonsillectomy. Case Report: The case is a 32 years old lady who complained of taste disturbance following tonsillectomy that was performed for chronic tonsillitis. As treatment patient was given Trifluoparazine Hydrochloride a Phenothiazine derivatives and Vit B6 + Vit B12. Patient recovered after 4 months postoperatively. Conclusion: Tonsillectomy should be performed with minimal trauma to the tonsillar bed to avoid injury to the Glossopharyngeal nerve or its lingual branch (LBGN) and all patients should be informed of the risk of post-operative taste disturbance after tonsillectomy. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jafmc.v10i1.22935 Journal of Armed Forces Medical College Bangladesh Vol.10(1) 2014

Opportunistic Screening of Vitamin B12 Deficiency in IT Professionals Presenting for Routine Health Check-up.

Vitamin B12 deficiency is mainly diagnosed in symptomatic patients. However, the deficiency may also be prevalent in asymptomatic patients. Our aim was to study the prevalence of Vit B12 deficiency in IT professionals (Information Technology Professionals from Software industry) who presented for routine health screening and to correlate the deficiency to various parameters. This was single centre, observational study comprising of 84 IT professionals. The data was collected in structured format. The study was designed to identify prevalence of Vit B12 deficiency and correlate to other factors such as type of diet, income level & regular use of medication (such as Antacid & Metformin). Total 28 individuals were found to be deficient (33.34%). Prevalence of Vit B12 deficiency amongst Vegetarian and non vegetarian diet adhering subjects was 47.5% and 20.45% respectively. B12 deficiency was also prevalent in high income age group. Further chronic intake of PPI (Proton pump inhibitor) and Metformin was associated with prevalence of 37.5% and 33.34% in the present study. During health screening of IT Professionals, significant prevalence of Vit B12 deficiency was noted across all income groups & non vegetarian diet consuming subjects also. There is significant correlation between Vit B12 deficiency with chronic use of PPI and Metformin.

English

Oxidation of thiamine hydrochloride (Vit. B1) by PDP mediated by micro amounts (10 -6 mol dm -3 to 10 - 4 ) of Ru (III) in aqueous nitric acid medium has been studied at 25˚C. The reaction is second order in both PDP and Ru (III) concentrations. The order with respect to B1 concentration varies first order to zero order as the vitamin B1 concentration increases, An increase in HNO3 concentration decrease the reation rate. The active species of Oxidant and catalyst are (PDP) and (Ru(H2O)6) 3 A possible mechanism is proposed and reaction constants involved have been determined. Ruthenium (III) is an efficient catalyst in many redox reactions involving different complexities due to the formation of intermediate complexes, free radicals and multiple oxidation states of ruthenium PDP is a well Known oxidant in acidic media PDP was act as predominant active species in the concentration range 0.30 - 2.0 moldm-3 of Nitric acid, but it role has not received much attention so far the oxidation of thiamine hydrochloride with alkaline potassium ferricyanide, hypo iodide, chlorite and N-chloro benzene sulphonamide were studied. The literature survey reveals that there were no report on the oxidation of thiamine hydrochloride by PDP the mechanism may be quite complicated due to the formation of different PDP and Ru (III) Complexes in the form of active complexes in nitric acid medium. Hence, we have investigated the Ru(III) mediated oxidation of vit B1 by PDP in order to understand the behaviour of active species of oxidant and catalyst to propose a suitable mechanism. Reagent grade chemicals were used double distilled water was used through for the preparation of solutions. The stock solution of the oxidant has obtained by dissolving PDP in 1.0 mol dm -3 H2SO4. The solution was standardized by a Known method. A stock solution of thiamine hydrochloride was prepared by dissolving thiamine hydrochloride in distilled water. The Ruthenium (III) stock solution was prepared by dissolving Rucl3 in 0.20 mol dm -3 Hcl and its concentration was assayed by EDTA titration. The stock solution was diluted as required before use. KNO3 and HNO3 were used to provide the required ionic strength and acidity All Kinetic measurement were carried out under Pseudo first order conditions, where thiamine hydrochloride was in excess over PDP at a constant ionic strength of 1.10 mol dm -3 . The reaction was initiated by mixing thermally equilibrated (25

The effects of fish oil capsules and vitamin B1 tablets on duration and severity of dysmenorrhea in students of high school in Urmia-Iran.

Aims:The purpose of this study is the comparison of the effect of vitamin B1 and fish oil with together on severity and duration of dysmenorrhea, and if it is effective, we can administrate both of them with less complication to compare with other chemical drugs which has many disadvantages.Study Design:High school of Urmia city, between March 2008 and June 2008.Methodology:This study has a double-blind clinical trial design.240 high school female students with dysmenorrhea by a randomized Method were followed up in a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study by dividing into four groups with 60 members. The daily supplement was vit B1 (100 mg/day and fish oil pearl 500 mg/day), taken as a single dose starting at the beginning of the menstrual cycle and continued for 2 consecutive months.Results:Intensity of pain in three experimental groups (Vit B1, fish oil and both of them) had significant difference comparing placebo group and intensity of pain had reduced. (p<0.001), (p=0.018), (p<0.001) VS in placebo group (p=0.79). Duration of pain had significantly reduced in all three experimental groups compared with placebo group. (p=0.004), (p=0.008), (p<0.001) VS in placebo group (p=0.32). In all of drugs, results (mean) was better at the end of the second month than the first month.Conclusion:Fish oil and vit B1 effects on treatment of primary dysmenorrhea were similar, but vit B1 has less complications and it was more acceptable. We mixed them and compared its results with vit B1, fish oil and placebo separately. Pain duration is the least in Vitamin B1 tablets compare with the others, but its duration was minimum in complex of Vitamin B1 tablets and fish oil capsules. Due to good effects of vitamin B1 and fish oil on symptoms of dysmenorrhea, using of them is suggested.

English

BACKGROUND: Adolescence is the formative period of life when the maximum amount of physical, psychological and behavioral changes takes place and this is a vulnerable period in the human life cycle for the development of nutritional anaemia, which has been constantly neglected by public health programs. The prevalence of anaemia is disproportionately high in developing countries than developed countries. It has mainly been ascribed to poverty, inadequate diet, certain diseases, pregnancy and lactation, and poor access to health services in developing countries Prevalence of anaemia in adolescents in India have been reported in limited studies available from 16.25% to 96.5%. Nutritional anaemia constitutes the most important cause of anaemia in adolescents. It is mainly due to deficiency of Iron, Vitamin B12 and Folate. Megaloblastic Anaemia resulting from deficiency of folate and B12 appears to be increasing over the last two decades. AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: 1.To study the types of nutritional anemia in adolescents (10-18 yrs.) attending the hospital and correlate severity of nutritional anemia with serum levels of ferritin, Vit B12 & folate. 2. And also to determine demographic, socio-economic & nutritional factors for nutritional anemia in adolescents. STUDY DESIGN: A cross sectional study was conducted in selected sample of 200 subjects. SETTINGS: The study was conducted in the Department of General Medicine, Azeezia Medical College; during November 2011 to April 2013, as a cross-sectional observational study. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Subjects were selected based on the inclusion criteria set and evaluated with aid of laboratory investigation of blood samples collected from subjects. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Present study was undertaken to find out etiology and socio-demographic correlates of nutritional anaemia in adolescents. And it was found out that Folate deficiency was the most common followed by Vitamin B12 deficiency & then irons deficiency. Also low intake of all the three nutrients is a significant determinant towards causing nutritional anaemia. Other factors found to influence the prevalence of anaemia were history of worm infestation, fathers' occupation, calorie intake and folate intake.

PREVALENCE OF SLEEP DISORDERS IN A MEMORY CLINIC POPULATION

<h3>Intro</h3> Sleep disorders and dementia share many risk factors (age, stroke, cardiovascular morbidity, hypertension and diabetes (Cupidi <i>et al</i>. 2012). Primary sleep disorders and circadian rhythm disorders are thought to exacerbate, or even be causative in cognitive decline in the elderly (Guarnieri <i>et al</i>. 2012; Bombois <i>et al.</i> 2010). <h3>Methods</h3> Patients were recruited from two memory clinics; 2 sleep questionnaires were used; Epworth sleepiness scale (ESS) and Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI). The prevalence of sleep disorders was compared with other reversible causes of cognitive impairment from patients attending the memory clinic. <h3>Results</h3> 49 patients took part in the study. The ESS, identified sleep disturbance in 20%, whilst 60% of participants scored positively on the PSQI. <h3>Discussion</h3> Sleep screening tools detect a large percentage of people attending the memory clinic as impaired, in keeping with the published literature. The prevalence of a sleep disorders is as common as a mood or anxiety disorders (40%) where there is clear overlap. They are more common that tests for other reversible causes of dementia (Vit B12, folate, Thyroid function). The ESS, which only tests daytime somnolence did not detect any participants without them also being detected on the PSQI.

Vitamin B12 (Vit B12) biochemical (BCH) deficiency (DEF) in non-diabetic breast cancer (BC) patients on NCIC CTG MA.32: A phase III randomized adjuvant BC trial comparing metformin (Met) to placebo (Pl).

542 Background: Met, a drug used to treat type 2 diabetes, is being evaluated as an anti-cancer agent. Long-term use is associated with BCH Vit B12 DEF in up to 30%; a subset may develop symptomati...

Nutritional status, phytochemical nutrients intake of mentally disabled Koreans (LB359)

This study aims to assess the nutritional intake in mentally disabled people and find out the solution for nutritional improvement. People with intellectual disability(N=40), mental disability(N=45), autism(N=4) and brain lesion(N=4) participated in this study. The disorder grades were from I to III and ages between 5 and 65. Assessments included anthropometry, ROMA III questionnaire for assessing bowel movement, daily intake of nutrients including phytochemical. The average BMI of mentally disabled people was the range of obesity. The intakes of protein(p&lt;0.001), iron(p=0.001) and vit B₁(p=0.025) in mentally disabled people were lower than that of the non‐disabled people from the second year 2011 of the 5th National Health and Nutrition Survey. The intakes of iron(p&lt;0.001) and vit B₁(p&lt;0.001) in people with intellectual disability were also low. The intake of tocopherol was low in intellectually disabled group compared with traditional Korean diet of the non‐disabled people from the second year 2008 of the 4th National Health and Nutrition Survey. While cryptoxanthin, lycopene, tocopherol intakes were low in mentally disabled group. In conclusion, we recommend that it is important to encourage people with mental disability to eat sufficient amounts of vitamins, minerals, phytochemical nutrients in order to promote nutritional status.

Evaluation the Effects of VitB6 on the Treatment of Premenstrual Syndrome: A Clinical Randomized Trial

Introduction: Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) is a regularly appearance number of symptoms during luteal phase of menstruation. The purpose of this study was, determination the effect of Vit B6 on treatment this syndrome. Method: Two hundred girls who had moderate and severe form of premenstrual syndrome, selected randomly and divided in two groups. First group received 40 mg Vit B6 daily for three months and, and second group received daily one tablet of placebo for three months. Also they filled Rosignol Bonlender check list during use of drug. Data analyzed by SPSS version 19 and severity of symptoms compare before & after intervention in each group, and after treatment in two groups. Result: Severity of physical, mental, physical and mental symptoms in patients who receive Vit B6 and placebo had reduced (p< 0.05). Conclusion: Vit B6 is effective on PMS.

Comparison of the Effect of Vit E, VitB6, Calcium and Omega-3 on the Treatment of Premenstrual Syndrome: A Clinical Randomized Trial

Aims: The purpose of this study is to compare the effect of Vit E, B6, omega-3 and calcium on the treatment of this syndrome. Study Design: A double blind clinical randomized trial study. Place and Duration of Study: Department of midwifery, of Islamic Azad University, sari, branch Iran. Between March 2012 and October 2012. Methodology: Two hundred girls with moderate and severe form of premenstrual syndrome were selected randomly and were divided into five groups. Group 1 received 1g of calcium during 7 final days of the cycle for three cycles. Group 2 received 100 mg of Vit E daily for three cycles. Group 3 received 1g of capsule of fish oil for three months. Group 4 received 40 mg of Vit B6 daily for three months. And group 5 received daily one tablet of placebo for three months and also filled Rosignol Bonlender check list during the use of the drugs. Data were analyzed by SPSS software, and severities of symptoms were compared before and after the intervention in each group and after the treatment in all five groups. Result: Severity of physical, mental and physical and mental symptoms in patients who received Vit E, VitB6, calcium, omega-3 and placebo reduced (p< 0.05) Conclusion: It E, Vit B6, calcium, and omega-3 are effective on PMS. Original Research Article Annual Research & Review in Biology, 4(7): 1141-1149, 2014 1142

Vitamin B6 supplementation improves oxidative stress and enhances serum paraoxonase/arylesterase activities in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of vitamin B6 (Vit B6) on oxidant and antioxidant status in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Thirty-two Wistar rats were divided into four groups: control (C), control + Vit B6 group (C + Vit B6), diabetes (D), and diabetes + Vit B6 group (D + Vit B6). Vit B6 (4 mg/kg body weight) was administered in drinking water for 4 weeks after the induction of diabetes. Vitamin B6 reduced serum total cholesterol level in the C + Vit B6 (P < 0.01) and D + Vit B6 (P < 0.05) groups. Plasma and tissue malondialdehyde levels were reduced in the C + Vit B6 and D + Vit B6 groups. Whole blood glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and erythrocyte superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities were higher in the D group (P < 0.05). GSH-Px and SOD activities were increased in C + Vit B6 group while these parameters decreased in the D + Vit B6 group. Paraoxonase and arylesterase activities were decreased in the D group while they were increased in C + Vit B6 and D + Vit B6 groups. The results of present study suggest that vitamin B6 supplementation might be a promising adjunctive agent for improving oxidative stress and metabolic disturbances and for preventing diabetic complications including atherogenesis.