The ascendancy of data visualization methodologies has rendered these instruments indispensable for contemporary decision-making processes within the epoch of exponential data proliferation. This review takes an in-depth look at various data visualisation techniques, providing an in-depth analysis of their applications, advantages and disadvantages. Data visualisation is an important tool for transforming large and complex datasets into intuitive graphical representations, enabling users to discover patterns, correlations and actionable insights more effectively. This review encompasses foundational visualization strategies including bar charts, line graphs, and scatter plots, in addition to sophisticated techniques such as heat maps, tree diagrams, and network diagrams, which are particularly efficacious for the representation of larger, more complex data sets. It also explores the growing importance of interactive visualisations, including dashboards and geospatial maps, which provide users with real-time data interaction and deeper exploration. In addition, emerging trends such as artificial intelligence, virtual reality and big data visualisation were seen as important advances that will shape the future of the field. Challenges such as data distortion, cognitive overload and accessibility issues were also analysed, highlighting the importance of choosing the appropriate technology based on the characteristics of the data, the user's task and the audience's needs to enable more effective communication and decision-making.
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