Visual Representation Method Research Articles

Application of a novel visual representation method for urban noise source monitoring

Increasing urban mobility has led to a rise in the number of vehicles, resulting in urban noise pollution, which can cause health problems. Conventional methods for noise control can be adopted to reduce noise near the sources. However, this is not cost-effective to reduce overall noise level in the urban area. Therefore, it is preferable to encourage drivers to voluntarily reduce noise by applying methods such as cracking down on road noise sources. To this end, a real-time urban noise source monitoring system is needed, but processing large amounts of data can be difficult. In this study, a novel visual representation method, DoAgram, is applied for urban noise source monitoring. DoAgram can represent the time, frequency, and spatial information of the sound source within a 2D color graph. Therefore, the long-term spatial information of the sound source acquired from the sensor array node can be transmitted as a single image. Also, one can restore spatial information of the source from an image through a decoding process corresponding to the encoding method. One can find that the proposed method can be utilized as a database that can efficiently conduct urban noise source monitoring.

Online courses in the educational process of a university

Currently, e-learning content has become firmly established in the practical activities of university teachers. A lot of research is devoted to substantiating the possibilities of distance learning as a new format of education in the era of the digital revolution. The research problem is increasing the effectiveness of using online courses in the educational process of a university. The purpose of the research is to substantiate the possibilities of using online courses in the educational practice of universities as relevant content of a digital service. To achieve this goal, theoretical research methods were used (analysis, synthesis, differentiation, generalization, description), as well as methods of visual representation. The research results: the authors of the article have clarified the concept of «online course», determined the relationship between the categories «e-learning», «distance learning», «online learning», and considered a model of the structure of the online course; the advantages of using online courses for universities have been presented; The negative and positive aspects of the use of online courses by teachers in the educational process have been identified, and taking into account the analysis of experience accumulated in teaching practice, the most optimal options for using online courses at a university have been presented. Key conclusions: an online course is understood as e-learning content, which is an educational and methodological resource for conducting educational activities in the discipline; the optimal use of online courses in a mixed format (in combination with traditional classroom work). The orientation of universities towards the use of online courses in educational practice corresponds to current global trends in education.

Visual imagery and the informal city: examining 360-degree imaging technologies for informal settlement representation

ABSTRACT Informal settlements are a feature of many cities worldwide, yet information about their social and spatial conditions is often limited to what can be obtained from external observation. Remote sensing and landscape photography are used to acquire information about informal settlements, but images taken from the air or at a distance obscure their complexity, advancing a reductionist imaginary of informality in the minds of outsiders. As part of a project in an informal settlement in Johannesburg, this paper explores the potential of 360-degree imagery as a realist form of spatial representation, towards highlighting the diverse spatial forms, contexts, and lived realities of the informal city. Findings demonstrate the benefits of 360-degree imagery in comparison to other spatial and visual representation methods. Findings also reveal the need for more research into the impacts of this technology on viewer perspectives and perceptions, both visual-cognitive and in terms of intersubjectivity and power relations.

ВИЗУАЛЬНЫЕ ОБРАЗЫ ПАМЯТИ В СТИХОТВОРЕНИЯХ Ю. ЛЕВИТАНСКОГО "ВОСПОМИНАНЬЕ О ЦВЕТНЫХ СТЕКЛАХ" И "ВОСПОМИНАНЬЕ О КРАСНОМ СНЕГЕ"

The paper considers two poems by Y.D. Levitansky from his book “Cinematography” (1970): “Remembrance of Colored Glass” and “Remembrance of Red Snow”. The paper is aimed at studying methods of visual representation of memory in lyrical texts. To that end it analyses the subjective structure, space and time, as well as sound and visual images, including color. In addition, the poems are related to each other. As a result, conclusions are made about the specificity of the visual image of memory in those poems.

Visual Essays on Urbanity: A Photographic Journey through Architectural Transformations

'The Visual Spaces of Change' (VSC) section emphasises the role of photography and various visual representation methods as pivotal in researching, documenting, and analysing the transformational aspects of architecture, urbanity, and territorial landscapes. This section acknowledges the intricate link between societal transformations and alterations in the spaces we inhabit, with recent historical events underscoring the swiftness of these spatial changes. The radical nature of these transformations has necessitated a consistent and urgent documentation of the impermanent nature of places. Places, inherently uncertain, are captured visually to preserve and understand their essence. Contemporary societal shifts, such as urban gentrification or health-related crises, have brought about significant changes in life patterns, leading to the creation of photographs that were once unimaginable. The VSC resides here, in documentary artistic projects that explore the expanded field of architecture, from its tangible manifestation to the experiences it fosters. It investigates various scales, new spatial configurations, architectural vernaculars, and urban vistas, while also probing into the discursive spaces that intersect with larger frameworks, including socio-cultural, political, historical, and technical realms.
 By treating images as a form of visual language that is disseminated and interpreted across different global points[1], this section extends its dialogue. It opens up to incorporate diverse cultural viewpoints from various regions, places, and countries, using the specificities of each location to enhance our understanding of society and the territorial landscape. The strategy's objective is to promote the use of images in constructing artistic projects that offer critical reflections on the transformation of architecture and urban landscapes, influenced by the diverse ways they are perceived and experienced. Ultimately, the section seeks to utilise the contemporary significance of imagery, particularly photography, as a means to broaden knowledge. Photography is esteemed as a prime medium for interpreting architecture and for crafting imaginative narratives, navigating between reality and fiction, replication and alteration, and the amalgamation of analogue and digital visual forms, thus traversing various disciplines and blurring artistic demarcations.
 The section commences with James Smith's visual essay "Temporal Dislocation", which explores the contrasting interplay between destruction and regeneration in our interactions with landscapes. Smith's photographic series highlights the recurring patterns of the natural world following human interference, driven by a profound phenomenological perspective. The series bridges the intentional composition by the photographer and the incidental engagement of the viewer with these reconfigured landscapes, positioning the photograph as a subtle form of communication that invites reevaluation of the common and omnipresent.
 "Urban Wilderness: A Journey through Lisbon Terrain Vague" by Lorenzo Iannizzotto focuses on the piecemeal and indeterminate nature of the so-called "Terrain Vague" or "Urban Voids" in Lisbon. Iannizzotto employs photography as a means to explore and articulate these spaces, presenting them in a fragmented and sporadic fashion that honours their intrinsic features. His work uncovers the latent charm of these spaces, highlighting their considerable potential for urban development.

A novel visual representation method for multi-dimensional sound scene analysis in source localization problem

A visual representation method, DoAgram, for multi-dimensional sound scene analysis is suggested. The visual representation of the sound source localization result gives intuitive information about the estimated one to the end user. Also, image-based deep learning is popularly used in the acoustic field nowadays, so such a visualized one can be used for data augmentation. To analyze the spatial sound scene for the moving source, the method displays the estimated azimuth angle and elevation angle of the source, and its corresponding time stamp and frequencies as RGB color channels and metadata by mapping the spatial coordinate to color space. Even though the suggested method is human-interpretable, decoding is needed for the quantitative analysis. Therefore, the time and frequency scanning method, and a histogram to estimate the DoA of the source are proposed. An experiment is conducted in an anechoic chamber to localize two quadcopter drones that have a mean angular velocity of 8°/s ± 9°/s (95 % CI) and 25°/s ± 31°/s (95 % CI), respectively, and the spatial sound scene analysis is implemented using the proposed methods. The test result shows that the trajectories with respect to the time of each source are well separated. Also, an additional test is conducted using an open-access audio dataset for machine learning. The cumulative source mapping method is adopted for the spatial sound scene analysis, and the decoded result shows that the DoAgram is feasible to adopt for machine learning applications.

The Traffic Light System: A user-friendly alternative for gait data representation

BackgroundInstrumented gait analysis is an established procedure in biomechanical assessment, requiring specially-trained analysts to interpret the complex graphical output generated. Research questionDoes a new method of visual representation of lower limb kinematic gait analysis data provide a reliable and valid method of interpretation of biomechanical data for healthcare professionals? MethodsAn innovative system based on the Traffic Lights System (TLS) was developed. Simulated abnormal gait was captured using a 16-camera optoelectronic motion capture system, and the results were presented in both the Traditional Graphical System (TGS) format and the new TLS. An online form was filled by health professionals who attempted to interpret normal and abnormal motion in the joints presented in the 2 output formats. ResultsOut of 26 raters, 18 preferred the new system because of its user-friendliness and its ease of interpretation. 2 raters preferred the TGS, with one of these raters clarifying that the preference is due to colour blindness. For intra-rater reliability, 2 trained raters provided a second response for the TGS (Cronbach’s Alpha ranging between 0.733 and 0.918), whilst the TLS resulted in Cronbach’s Alpha between 0.817 and 1.00 amongst 3 untrained raters. The Fleiss Multi-rater Kappa Test demonstrated low inter-rater reliability amongst raters in the TGS, whereas the overall Fleiss Multi-rater Kappa values of the TLS surpassed the TGS in all 3 studies. SignificanceThis study showed that whilst trained health professionals have high intra-rater reliability in interpreting traditional gait analysis results, those professionals inexperienced in the system, do not always comprehend the complex graphs generated by the system when presenting gait analysis data. When these graphs are transformed into coloured outputs representing the extent of the movement, the TLS has demonstrated high validity and high intra- and inter-rater reliability, significantly exceeding those of the TGS, especially in untrained health professionals.

Mapping as a Critical Making Practice in International Relations

Abstract How “critical” is mapping as a method in international relations (IR)? Critical approaches have fundamentally changed the practices of mapmaking in IR. They have replaced geopolitical representations of a world divided into territorial states with notions of fields, networks, flows, rhizomes, and assemblages. This shift is both conceptual and methodological: It has led to the introduction of new methods of representation, such as multiple correspondence analysis and network analysis. These new methods have, however, been subjected to a strong critique. They are accused of reproducing the very logics of power that they aim to question, and flatten the knowledge they aim to represent. There would be, as the argument goes, an inescapable theoretical and political bias embedded in these methods. This article engages with this debate, which is ultimately about the ontological and epistemological status of mathematical methods of visual representation and, more broadly, about the role of “making” in IR. It argues that practices of mapmaking can still be designed to function as critical tools. To illustrate this argument, this article draws on ongoing research on biometric mass surveillance as part of the Security Vision project.

Investigation of the effectiveness of time-frequency domain images and acoustic features in urban sound classification

Rapid urbanization and population growth worldwide seriously challenge building livable and sustainable cities. This increase causes the increase and diversification of urban sounds. They were transforming these sounds into information instead of just being heard, as noise plays an important role in the concept of smart cities. For this purpose, two basic methods are used to classify urban sounds. In the first of these, the sounds are processed by signal processing methods, and handcrafted features are obtained. In the other method, sounds are represented visually and classified with deep learning models. This study investigated the effect of the individual and hybrid use of features used in both approaches on the classification of urban sounds. In addition, a CNN model was created to classify hybrid features. The results obtained showed that both approaches produced successful results in classification. Among the visual representation methods, mel-spectrogram, scalogram, and spectrogram images achieved the highest classification success. Using mel-spectrogram and acoustic features and the SVM classifier positively affected accuracy. Experiments were performed on the ESC-10 and UrbanSound8k datasets. The highest accuracy for the ESC-10 was 98.33% when using the scalogram and acoustic features with the AVCNN model. The highest accuracy for UrbanSound8k was obtained as 97.70% by classifying the mel-spectrogram and acoustic features obtained from the AVCNN model with the SVM classifier.

ДОКТРИНАЛЬНІ ПІДХОДИ ДО ВИЗНАЧЕННЯ ІНСТРУМЕНТІВ СТРАТЕГІЧНОГО УПРАВЛІННЯ

The article analyzes that the following are the most relevant for enterprises in the direction of basic calculations when forming an innovative development strategy and developing mechanisms for its implementation: analytical methods, forecasting methods, benchmarking, visual representation methods, management based on the development of fundamentally new strategies. Summarizing the analysis of scientific works on methodological support, it is appropriate to highlight the following methods that are most relevant for enterprises in the direction of basic calculations when forming a strategy innovative development and the development of mechanisms for its implementation: analytical methods, forecasting methods, benchmarking, visual presentation methods, management based on the development of fundamentally new strategies. And among the considered tools for managing innovation processes for the enterprise, benchmarking, innovation engineering and franchising and even outsourcing can be considered the most effective, as mentioned earlier. Nevertheless, in conducting research on the assessment and forecasting of the development of innovative processes of enterprises based on modern methods and tools, the use of which is associated with the ability to determine the effects various factors, special importance and mainly in relation to application should belong to modeling. Nevertheless, in conducting research on the assessment and forecasting of the development of innovative processes of enterprises based on modern methods and tools, the use of which is associated with the possibilities of determining the effects of various factors, special importance and mainly in relation to application should belong to modeling. The basic basis for conducting such research is the presence of a wide range of external and internal information sources, thanks to which data the enterprise receives the necessary information support for the formation of prospects for its activity as a business entity. It was determined that the presence of such a wide range of data in the field of scientific and scientific-technical activity will become a reliable information basis not only for determining the prospects for the development of innovative processes, but also for the strategic tasks of the innovative development model.

Development of methods for visual representation of low-frequency oscillation parameters in power systems

The development of wide area measurement system (WAMS) expands the analysis capabilities of the Unified power system based on computational processing of synchronized phasor measurements (SPM). The analysis of low-frequency oscillations (LFO) in the power system is one of the most relevant applications of WAMS data. The task of locating the source of forced LFO in real-time is highlighted. Due to the increasing complexity and heterogeneity of real power systems, a definitive solution to this problem does not currently exist. However, there are SPM data analysis methods that provide a high probability of identifying the source of oscillations. Informative representation of measurement signals, intermediate, and final LFO analysis results can serve as the basis for decision support tools for operational dispatch personnel. Direct visualization of raw data and computed parameters, such as a set of time function graphs, is inefficient due to the large volume. Therefore, compact high-level representations are in demand. This paper proposes some approaches to visualizing SPM data, computed LFO parameters, and the results of applying various oscillation source detection methods. The presented data visualization methods have been implemented by the authors in a LFO analysis software system.

Improvement of well drainage radius calculation

The calculation of well drainage radius is improved on the example of Chervonozayarske gas field. Theoretical research methods are applied, which include a systematic analysis of the information used, numerical modeling based on the combined finite element-difference method, methods of visual representation of the information obtained, analytical methods To increase the accuracy of the calculation of the well drainage radius, the heterogeneity of the porous medium structure was taken into account. It is established that the drainage radius of a gas well expands with time. This allows to determine the optimal grid of production wells, the number and location of injection wells to ensure their interaction, and hence ¬ reduce material costs in the gas industry

Comparison of evaluation indexes for Gastroenterology and Hepatology journals in different databases.

BACKGROUNDAccurate assessment of the quality of academic journals is of great significance. While Journal Impact Factor (JIF), calculated by Clarivate and based upon the Web of Science literature database, and CiteScore (CS), developed by Elseiver and based upon the Scopus database, have enjoyed high uptake worldwide, efforts continue towards creation of other scientometric indexes that will provide ever-greater qualitative insights into journal impact. Such efforts have yielded the newly-launched Journal Article Influence Index (JAII), which is based on the Reference Citation Analysis (RCA) database, an open multidisciplinary citation analysis database based on artificial intelligence technology.AIMTo evaluate and summarize the similarities and differences between JAII and JIF/CS as journal evaluation indicators, and provide an intuitive method for visual representation of the related data.METHODSWe searched the Journal Citation Reports to obtain the 2021 JIF list, downloaded the CS list updated in July on the Scopus website, and collected the comprehensive list of 2022 JAIIs from the RCA database (www.referencecitationanalysis.com).RESULTSOur research results revealed that by breaking through the time limit of mainstream journal evaluation methods, the JAII is able to perform well in data reliability, establishing its benefit as a complementary scientometric index to JIF and CS.CONCLUSION JAII provides comprehensive assessment of the quality and performance of journals.

Research on Intelligent Evaluation System of Sports Training based on Video Image Acquisition and Scene Semantics

This paper proposes to check the travel target of the dynamic background in the video surveillance with a fixed camera. A travel target detection method based on video picture acquisition and scene semantics for surveillance video was proposed. First, on the basis of combing the concepts and methods of picture recognition, the semantic information of the scene was fused to eliminate the interference factors in the unnecessary detection area. Secondly, a remote sensing picture visual feature representation method containing a semantic recognition method of remote sensing picture scenes and CSIFT features based on PLSA was presented. 10 types of typical remote sensing picture scenes are used for tests, and the visual vocabulary extraction method remains the same. The fixed visual vocabulary was 600, and the potential semantic subjects changes between 8∼50. The test results indicated that the highest average recognition rate was obtained when the latent semantic topics were 20. Inappropriate latent semantic topics will lead to a decline in recognition rates. The effectiveness of this method was fully verified.

Gas reserves calculation based on the results of reservoir pressure distribution modeling

The object of this study is the gas-bearing layer B-26 of the Zakhidne-Radchenkivsʹke gas condensate field (Ukraine). A bottleneck in the process of exploration and experimental and industrial operation of the Zakhidne-Radchenkivsʹke gas condensate field was the ambiguous data on extractive reserves (values that were calculated by different authors range from 14 thousand to 424 million m3). At present, the field is mothballed, which is why the use of a new approach to calculating the initial gas reserves could be useful for deciding to start developing a single productive layer B-26. During the study, such theoretical research methods were used as the system analysis of the information used, numerical modeling based on the combined finite-element-difference method, the methods of visual representation of the information received, as well as analytical methods. The method of calculating gas reserves proposed in this work combines a volumetric method and the simulation of filtration processes using a combined finite-element-difference method. The latter makes it possible to take into consideration the structure of the reservoir, which is heterogeneous in terms of permeability, and to adequately, at the quantitative level, to describe the distribution of non-stationary reservoir pressure around the extractive well. By applying an analytical formula based on the values of average reservoir and downhole pressures, the radii of the well's feed circuit at different stages of the reservoir development have been calculated. Thus, the active area (and volume) of the reservoir can be determined, according to which the extractive reserves of the deposit are calculated. The mining reserves of the Zakhidne-Radchenkivsʹke field, estimated in this way, amount to 174 million m3 of gas. The method for calculating reserves proposed in this study could prove useful for deciding on the further development of the Zakhidne-Radchenkivsʹke gas condensate field. Combining the volumetric method with the results of modeling filtration processes is an operational method for calculating the reserves of the reservoir, opened by one mining well. In this case, the application of the combined finite-element-difference method makes it possible to take into consideration the complex heterogeneous structure of the reservoir and predict the distribution of reservoir nonstationary pressures around the extractive well. The current study that used the Zakhidne-Radchenkivsʹke gas condensate field in Ukraine as an example is interesting when calculating the reserves of layers of complex structure all over the world, whereby the productive reservoir is opened by a single mining well.

Assessment of Visual Representation Methods of Linear Discontinuous Deformation Zones in the Right-of-Way

Mining impacts on the ground surface may manifest themselves, inter alia, in the form of continuous and discontinuous deformations. Discontinuous deformations significantly deteriorate the condition of the road surface, posing a threat to the safety of use. Therefore, in mining areas, it is necessary to carry out an ongoing inspection of the condition of objects and thus determine the need and scope of their repair. The key method of assessing the scope of the surface repair needed is to observe the road surface. This article presents the results of selected measurement methods carried out near discontinuous deformation zones in the right-of-way. The use of measurements with the use of a laser profilograph allowed determining the evenness of the tested pavement. Additionally, geodetic methods were used: leveling and GPS satellite positioning, to determine the displacement of points forming the observation lines along the right-of-way. In order to identify, in detail, linear discontinuous deformations, non-ceiling photogrammetry was used with the use of an unmanned aerial vehicle. The comparison of selected methods and their advantages and disadvantages allowed for the assessment of their usefulness in visual representation zones of linear discontinuous deformations. The results of this research show the usefulness of laser profilographs, while the greatest detail of the measurement was obtained by low-ceiling photogrammetry with the use of an unmanned aerial vehicle.

E-COMMERCE ІN UKRAINE: TRENDS AND DEVELOPMENT PROSPECTS

Objective. The objective of the study is to analyze the main trends and features of e-commerce in Ukraine and identify prospects for its further development. Methods. To achieve the objective, the following research methods are used: systematic and comprehensive analysis (to identify trends in e-commerce in the world and the domestic economy), comparison and grouping, graphical and tabular methods (for visual representation of statistical material), abstract-logical method (for formulation of proposals and conclusions). Results. The indicators of e-commerce development in the world are analyzed. The main tendencies of the e-commerce market of Ukraine are investigated. Based on the analysis of the dynamics of the volume and structure of the e-commerce market of Ukraine, the growth of indicators in 2015-2021 is established and growth is expected in the future. Assessment of the market structure by major sellers shows that it is dominated by marketplaces. Analysis of the product structure of the Ukrainian e-commerce market shows that the largest segments are electronics and media, fashion, furniture and appliances. According to experts, the market in Ukraine has great potential, because the e-costs of one Ukrainian are far behind the developed world and European countries. The key trends of e-commerce in Ukraine in recent years are summarized. They include: the growing share of mobile traffic, fast payment methods, a variety of payment systems. reviving e-commerce in the regions by improving the logistics network and increasing the level of Internet penetration in the regions, fast and affordable delivery, increasing the number of purchases on credit, the transformation of online stores into marketplaces; provision of additional services, omnichannel, significant influence of social networks, promotion of chatbots, etc. The main problems of e-commerce development in Ukraine are systematized. The trends in the development of the e-commerce market during the war between Russia and Ukraine have been revealed. It is established that the key directions of e-commerce development in Ukraine in the near future will be: maximum process automation, providing range for customers, quality control, omnichannel model of work, development of marketplaces and logistics, increasing filling centers, information touching the customer where it is convenient and appropriate, increasing the share of sales on foreign marketplaces, promotion through social networks, native advertising and publications in the media, the introduction of new technologies, training. Key words: e-commerce, e-trade, development trends, online commerce.

SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY OF UKRAINIAN BUSINESS: CURRENT STATE AND DEVELOPMENT PROSPECTS

Objective. The objective of the study is to summarize the experience of corporate social responsibility in the domestic economy and develop recommendations for further use of social responsibility by domestic companies in the postwar period. Methods. In order to achieve the objectives and goals, the following research methods were used: systematic and comprehensive analysis (to identify trends in social responsibility of domestic business), comparison and grouping, graphical and tabular methods (for visual representation of statistical material), abstract-logical method to formulate proposals and conclusions). Results. The current state of social responsibility of business in the domestic economy is considered. It is established that in recent years Ukrainian business has become aware of the need to meet the goals of sustainable development and implementation of measures for social responsibility. Analysis of the dynamics of companies participating in the UN Global Compact network by the years of their accession showed their growth in 2019-2021. It was found that a small number of Ukrainian companies implemented corporate social responsibility policies and only some of them had a clear strategy. A study of the dynamics of annual budgets of domestic companies for corporate social responsibility measures in 2019-2020 showed their instability. Most of the measures on corporate social responsibility in 2020-2021 were focused on programs to combat the COVID-19 pandemic, educational programs, projects to reduce gender inequality, and environmental programs were implemented. The main areas of business assistance during the war are financial assistance, humanitarian support, payment of taxes in advance, participation in information resistance, assistance to employees, IT support. The results of the polls show the importance of assistance to Ukrainians from domestic companies during the war, especially the Armed Forces of Ukraine and defenders. It is established that the key areas of corporate social responsibility in the near future will be: compliance with EU requirements, humanitarian assistance to victims and residents of cities, measures for children's education and adult education, medical assistance, environmental protection and security measures.

CONCEPTUAL APPROACHES TO DETERMINING THE MAIN TRENDS OF THE EVOLUTION OF THE GLOBAL ECONOMIC SYSTEM

Introduction. The modern development of society is an extremely complex process that is formed under the influence of numerous factors. It is contradictory, can move from one point of bifurcation to another, undergo numerous changes. Therefore, in order to develop perspective strategies and risk management, society needs a certain analytical and prognostic toolkit - a kind of algorithm for describing the determining trends by which society moves. Megatrends are stable and long-term processes that determine the patterns of formation of interconnected and mutually determined economic, political, socio-cultural relations and relations of human interaction with nature. Goal. The purpose of the article is to identify conceptual approaches to determining the main trends in the evolution of the global economic system. The tasks of the research include the establishment of the main megatrends that change the life of modern society, the substantiation of the concepts of "megasociety" and "megaeconomy", and the identification of global megatrends in the era of the Fourth Industrial Revolution. Methodology. Scientific research was carried out using analysis and synthesis in order to study the main trends in the evolution of the global economic system; graphic methods for visual representation of the material. The results. It was found that megatrends are stable and long-term processes that determine the regularities of the formation of interconnected and mutually determined economic, political, socio-cultural relations and relations of human interaction with nature. The main megatrends according to J. Naisbit are considered. The concept of "megasociety" is defined as a manifestation of a set of political, economic, socio-cultural relations and relations of human interaction with nature, which is gradually being built under the influence of megatrends. It has been found that nowadays the main trend in the field of political relations of society is the trend of changing the world order, i.e. the process of systemic transformation that was caused by the war unleashed by Russia in the center of Europe on the territory of Ukraine. The processes of formation of a multipolar model of the world order are developing. It is noted that multipolarity is essentially consistent with regionalization. It was determined that globalization is a natural phase of the world historical process, during which the degree of interdependence of countries and mesoeconomic structures periodically changes. This process constantly acquires a new quality, changes in the forms of embodiment of its essence, but does not disappear and does not lose the status of a megatrend in the development of humanity. It has been argued that global megatrends in the era of the Fourth Industrial Revolution include technological progress; climate change, scarcity of resources; demographic changes; changes in economic power; acceleration of urbanization. During the Fourth Industrial Revolution, a fundamentally new system of production is being built - smart production, which corresponds to the smart economy - an innovative, knowledge-based, intelligent management system. The trend of greening the life of society (greening of consumption, production, technologies, economy, etc.) is considered, which involves the development and implementation by the world community of systemic measures for the perfection of nature management.

Which Apple Keeps Which Doctor Away? Colorful Word Representations With Visual Oracles

Recent pre-trained language models (PrLMs) offer a new performant method of contextualized word representations by leveraging the sequence-level context for modeling. Although the PrLMs generally provide more effective contextualized word representations than non-contextualized models, they are still subject to a sequence of text contexts without diverse hints from multimodality. This paper thus proposes a visual representation method to explicitly enhance conventional word embedding with multiple-aspect senses from visual guidance. In detail, we build a small-scale word-image dictionary from a multimodal seed dataset where each word corresponds to diverse related images. Experiments on 12 natural language understanding and machine translation tasks further verify the effectiveness and the generalization capability of the proposed approach. Analysis shows that our method with visual guidance pays more attention to content words, improves the representation diversity, and is potentially beneficial for enhancing the accuracy of disambiguation.