Visual Indication Research Articles

Inter Rater Reliability Test of Digitalized Telescoping Goniometer to Measure Active Range of Motion of Selected Large Joints Among Healthy Individuals

Aim: This study aimed to create an alternative tool for joint measurements with higher level of confidence and minimal error. Methods: This was a quantitative exploratory research study that determines the inter-rater reliability of the Digitalized telescoping Goniometer (DTG). 25 healthy individuals were selected using Slovin’s Formula. SPSS version 24 was used in analyzing the reliability and validity. The inter- rater reliability is described by Intra class coefficient (ICC) and Limits of Agreement (LOA). The references for the interpretation of the ICC in the present study were poor reliability < 0.5, moderate reliability 0.5-0.75 good reliability 0.75-0.90, and excellent reliability for > 0.90. The Bland-Altman plots was used to investigate systematic differences and assess 95% limits of agreement (LOA) visual indication of agreement. In LOA is calculated as LOA = mean difference + 1.96 (SD). Results: The ICC result of the DGT had moderate to good reliability for shoulder, elbow and hip joint (0.8835, 0.7395, 0.66525) respectively, while poor reliability on the knee joint (0.48175). The SEM taken using DGT ranged from 1.40- 7.27. The result showed moderate reliability on shoulder (0.7055), elbow (0.5215) and knee joint (0.576) while the hip joint (0.4825) showed poor reliability. As for the LOA, DTG has a wider limit than universal goniometer for all ROM. Conclusion and Implication: DGT showed as a reliable tool in measuring the ROM. DTG is a device can be use in goniometry.

Glycolytic inhibitor 2-deoxy-d-glucose attenuates SARS-CoV-2 multiplication in host cells and weakens the infective potential of progeny virions

AimsVirus-infected host cells switch their metabolism to a more glycolytic phenotype, required for new virion synthesis and packaging. Therefore, we investigated the effect and mechanistic action of glycolytic inhibitor 2-Deoxy-d-glucose (2-DG) on virus multiplication in host cells following SARS-CoV-2 infection. Main methodsSARS-CoV-2 induced change in glycolysis was examined in Vero E6 cells. Effect of 2-DG on virus multiplication was evaluated by RT-PCR (N and RdRp genes) analysis, protein expression analysis of Nucleocapsid (N) and Spike (S) proteins and visual indication of cytopathy effect (CPE), The mass spectrometry analysis was performed to examine the 2-DG induced change in glycosylation status of receptor binding domain (RBD) in SARS-CoV-2 spike protein. Key findingsWe observed SARS-COV-2 infection induced increased glucose influx and glycolysis, resulting in selectively high accumulation of the fluorescent glucose analog, 2-NBDG in Vero E6 cells. 2-DG inhibited glycolysis, reduced virus multiplication and alleviated cells from virus-induced cytopathic effect (CPE) in SARS-CoV-2 infected cells. The progeny virions produced from 2-DG treated cells were found unglycosylated at crucial N-glycosites (N331 and N343) of the receptor-binding domain (RBD) in the spike protein, resulting in production of defective progeny virions with compromised infective potential. SignificanceThe mechanistic study revealed that the inhibition of SARS-COV-2 multiplication is attributed to 2-DG induced glycolysis inhibition and possibly un-glycosylation of the spike protein, also. Therefore, based on its previous human trials in different types of Cancer and Herpes patients, it could be a potential molecule to study in COVID-19 patients.

Electrospun Nanofibrous Membrane-Based Colorimetric Device for Rapid and Simple Screening of Amphetamine-Type Stimulants in Drinks.

With the growth of drug-facilitated crimes, prevention has become increasingly important. Although various drug detection technologies exist, most focus on postconsumption detection. However, the prevention of drug-facilitated crimes requires technology for the quick and easy detection of amphetamine-type stimulants (ATSs) before ingestion. Herein, drug screening kits (DSKs) were developed for the simple detection of ATSs in drinks. The DSKs consisted of polydiacetylene nanofiber-based paper sensors fabricated by electrospinning with 10,12-pentacosadiynoic acid (PCDA) and PCDA-dopamine as sensing materials that can bind ATSs via hydrogen bonding and π-π interactions. Dropping a drink on the DSK provided an immediate visual indication of the presence of ATSs. When ATSs were present in the drink, the color of the DSK clearly changed from blue to red, with the increase in red intensity being more than twofold greater than that observed when water alone was tested. Notably, the result could be confirmed by the naked eye without any analytical instrumentation. A color change indicating the presence of ATSs was successfully observed in various alcoholic and nonalcoholic drinks. These results indicate the potential of DSKs for preventing drug-facilitated crimes caused by unwanted drug intake.

Possibilities of ultrasound methods in the diagnosis of decompression sickness

Aim of the work: to conduct a comparative analysis of methods of ultrasound examination of the right heart with audio and visual indication of intravascular decompression gas formation in divers after diving.Materials and methods. An examination of the right heart in divers after 152 man-descents was carried out. Intravascular decompression gas production was assessed by ultrasound using sound location based on the Doppler effect and transthoracic two-dimensional echocardiography.Results and discussion. Both methods make it possible to determine intravascular decompression gas formation after a diving descent, correlate with the clinical picture of acute decompression sickness and should be used in the medical support of diving descents. At the same time, the method of ultrasound examination based on transthoracic two-dimensional echocardiography turned out to be more sensitive in determining gas bubbles in the right heart as compared to auditory location with the Doppler effect.

METHOD FOR DETERMINING THE PHENOMENON OF STALL ON HELICOPTER BLADE

The analysis of dangerous factors leading to the phenomenon of flow stall on the rotor blades of a helicopter has been carried out. The estimated cruising speed of a helicopter without auxiliary propulsion at the current level of technology development lies in the range of 280-370 km/h. The results of flight experiments showed that the stall phenomenon leads to a sharp increase in the load on the blades, which in turn is transferred to the lower fixed plate of the swashplate. This phenomenon is accompanied by the appearance of the n-th harmonic of the main rotor speed. The results of these experiments made it possible to create a subsystem for recognizing the phenomenon of stall with the issuance of visual and audible indication to the pilot to change the flight mode. A block diagram and description of the operation of the subsystem based on the simultaneous use of two features are given: measurement of mechanical stresses on the swashplate and the amplitude of the harmonic component of the signal from the frequency of rotation of the rotor blades of the helicopter. The use of two signs can significantly increase the probability of determining the moment of flow stall. The technical implementation of the proposed method for determining the phenomenon of flow stall on the rotor blades of a helicopter makes it possible to provide a qualitatively new level of flight safety under conditions of complex maneuvers.

Parallel system information model diagnostics and forecasting of technical condition of aircraft

To date, there is a contradiction between the ever-growing need to increase the degree of functional saturation of diagnostic tools and forecasting the current state of aircraft and the limited technical capabilities of diagnostic tools. The noted contradiction is constantly aggravated due to the ever-increasing complexity of aircraft and means of their automation, which requires a corresponding increase in the functionality of the means of monitoring the technical condition. All this leads to an unjustified increase in the weight and size indicators of diagnostic tools, which significantly affects the technical and economic indicators during the operation of aircraft. This article proposes an information model for a parallel system for diagnosing and predicting the technical condition of aircraft using the example of helicopters, characterizes the groups of sensors included in the system, and outlines the principles for solving problems of diagnosing and predicting the failure state of an aviation complex. A procedure is proposed for accumulating flight data on the parameters of critical components and assemblies on board a helicopter and a method of express analysis, which consists in monitoring in real time the trend of parameters and the rate of change of this trend to limit values. It has been proven that provision should be made for the issuance of emergency visual and audible indication to the helicopter crew about an emergency situation.

Trial of the differential diagnostic media «DTM-Expert» for the diagnosis of dermatophytosis in the dermatovenerological dispensaries

Fungal culture represents the «gold standard» for diagnosing infections caused by dermatophytes. However, laboratories and trained mycological staff are required for culture diagnostics. It is desirable to introduce methods for point-of-care diagnosis of dermatophytosis, which would be effective and easy to use. The aim of the study was the approbation of the domestic diagnostic media DTM-Expert for the diagnosis of human dermatophytosis in the conditions of dermatovenerological dispensaries. In two separated healthcare dispensaries, a cultural study of 40 clinical samples was conducted using DTM-Expert medium in parallel with Sabouraud medium. It was established that the isolation rate of dermatophytes on the DTM-Expert medium was 42.5%, while on the Sabouraud medium it was only 27.5%. Twelve isolates of Microsporum canis, 2 of Trichophyton rubrum, 3 of Microsporum spp. were isolated at DTM-Expert. Eleven isolates of M. canis were obtained on Sabouraud's medium, while T. rubrum was not isolated at all. Dermatophyte M. canis caused reddening of the DTM-Expert medium at 6.6 days on average, thus providing a quick visual indication of pathogens. Contamination on the experimental medium was observed in 5% of cases, and in 42.5% on the Sabouraud medium. The data obtained allow us to recommend the DTM-Expert diagnostic media for implementation in medical healthcare practice.

Development of fluorescein-based dosimeter for radiation processing applications

Dosimetry forms an inseparable part of radiation processing. Many dosimeters are available to cover wide range of doses used in radiation processing. These include the Fricke, ceric-cerous, alanine ESR Alanine (Electron Spin Resonance Technique), dichromate, and radiochromic films. Low-dose radiation processing applications (<2 kGy) such as insect disinfestation, shelf-life extension, and sprout inhibition use imported dosimeters. At present, radiochromic films/waveguides are used for low-dose applications; however, the dosimeters are costly and subject to sanctions and supply restrictions from country of origin. The present work discusses the development of system that can be used as a routine dosimeter for radiation processing facilities in the dose range of 200–2500 Gy. Iodine is generated by the action of radiolysis products of water on iodide and iodate present. Generated iodine halogenates fluorescein to erythrosine with the help of bicarbonate. Increase in absorbance due to the formation of erythrosine can be related to the absorbed dose and used in routine dosimetric applications. As the change is radiochromic, it advantageously provides a visual indication of dose received.

Development of energy storage for high voltage electromagnetic pulse generator

Recently, much attention has been paid to electromagnetic stability in the development of energy storage devices, which makes it possible to maintain operating parameters during exposure to electromagnetic pulses and the consequences of their interaction. The issue of ensuring the electromagnetic stability of electronic equipment, due to the fact that under the influence of electromagnetic pulses in electronic and electrical circuits are overvoltage pulses, depending on the origin of electromagnetic pulses, distance from electromagnetic pulses source to hardware components amplitude, rise time and pulse duration can change. That is why the task of creating high-energy electromagnetic pulse generators remains extremely important for modern research. The main use of such generators is to study the interaction of thin-film layers of semiconductor materials with high-energy electromagnetic pulses and the development of elements to protect electronic equipment from the effects of electromagnetic pulses. A set of electromagnetic pulses generators has been created, the use of which will allow studying the properties of the protection elements of electronic equipment in a wide range of electromagnetic pulses capacities. In combination with the previously developed design of the electromagnetic pulses generator, this will affect the studied samples of electronic equipment and protection elements through the integrated operation of the electromagnetic pulses, which will have both high time and high energy. To ensure comfortable and safe research work, the device has a visual indication of operating modes, including modes of high DC voltage generation. The developed control device and power supply for the high-energy electromagnetic pulse generator meets the requirements established during its development and can be used to study the interaction of semiconductor thin-film layers with high-energy electromagnetic pulses.

DEVELOPMENT OF THE KOREAN POETIC DRAMA AND THE SIGNIFICANCE OF THE POETIC DRAMA MOVEMENT

This paper deals with the definition and characteristics of poetic drama, and attempts to clarify the significance of poetic drama works during the time when the poetic drama movement took place. Unlike drama-poetry or plays, poetic drama is an independent art genre. It presents artistic vision through the conflict of poetics and dramas. The unity of poetic and dramatic things, which is facilitated through music, internal necessity, stage image, sound effect, and visual auditory indication, poetic drama is a part of complex art. The entire work functions as a poem and must be realized on the stage. For Choi Il-soo, in order to develop the characteristics of these poetry plays, the innatrhythm of the free verse should be embodied within these plays. He accepted Eliot’s theory and tried to establish the position that Western poetic drama works and theories are unique to Korea. This deepening perception of theory led to a poetic drama movement with the creators. In this paper, we classify its characteristics by focusing on approximately 18 poetic drama works. From 1920 to 1999, 18 representative works were classified, focusing on the completeness of the works and the remarkable artists. The characteristics of works can largely be divided into historical, narrative, reality, and philosophy. The meaning of this classification can serve as an opportunity for poetic dramas to advance into more diverse topics or forms. The poetic drama movement was dominated by critics and poets with the aim of pursuing independent Korean art works, and although it failed in performance and popularization, it was an achievement of the times to give a glimpse into the possibility of poetic drama. Poetic drama can act as a new element in the genre of poetry and drama that are losing original literary character, and there is a need to revive in Korean literature.

Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Potential of Vernonia Cinerea Extract Coated AuNPs.

Green synthesis of nanoparticles is an important tool to reduce the harmful effects associated with traditional methods. In the present investigation, we have synthesised gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) using aqueous extract prepared from fresh aerial parts (leaf and stem) of Vernonia cinerea as bioreducing agent. The visual indication of change in colour from pale yellow to brown to ruby-red indicated the successful formation of the AuNPs. Characterization of nanoparticles was carried out by UV-visible spectroscopy, X-ray crystallography (XRD), Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and Energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX). UV-Vis spectra showed a specific peak at 546nm which was the initial confirmation of the biosynthesized AuNPs. TEM images showed spherical and triangular shape of AuNPs with an average size of 25nm. From FTIR spectrum, different functional groups were identified that could be responsible for the formation, stabilization, and capping of biosynthesized AuNPs. Aqueous plant extract and biosynthesised AuNPs were separately tested for their antimicrobial activity against six bacterial strains and four fungal strains. Biosynthesised AuNPs (2mg/ml) showed significantly high zone of inhibition against the selected bacterial strains as compared to the aqueous plant extract. Maximum zone of inhibition (18.2mm) was observed with AuNPs against Streptococcus pyogenes whereas comparatively less value (12.5mm) was recorded with the plant extract. Interestingly, the inhibitory activity observed against bacterial strains was even better than ampicillin. Antifungal activity recorded with AuNPs (5mg/ml) was maximum (17.4mm) against R. oryzae and it was higher than positive control (17.00mm) and plant extract (13.2mm).The present study clearly showed that AuNPs coated with Vernonia cinerea extract were as good as positive control in inhibiting bacterial and fungal growth. In addition, these AuNPs also showed good antioxidant potential which was comparable to ascorbic acid. The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12088-021-00976-w.

A 27 - Gauge Microincision Vitrectomy Surgery for Posterior Segment Diseases in a Tertiary Centre, Nepal

Introduction: Transconjunctival micro incision vitrectomy surgery (MIVS) with 23 or 25 gauge instrumentation is more advantageous than traditional 20 gauge surgery. We intended to evaluate the visual outcome, complications and indication of various vitreoretinal diseases using 27 Gauge vitrectomy systems. 
 Methods: This study was a prospective, interventional, non-comparative study conducted in Nepal Eye Hospital from June 2017 to July 2018. Fifty-two patients with various vitreoretinal diseases were recruited. The main outcome measures included corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA) preoperative and postoperative, intraocular pressure (IOP) preoperative and postoperative, indication for vitreoretinal surgery, intraoperative complications, and postoperative complications.
 Results: Fifty two eyes of 52 patients (26 men and 26 women; mean age, 59 years) underwent 27-gauge pars planavitrectomy. Surgical indications included epiretinal membrane (n = 11), full-thickness macular hole (n = 11), rhegmatogenous retinal detachment [n = 14 (12 vitrectomy only and two vitrectomy with scleral buckle)], vitreous haemorrhage (n = 3), vitreous opacities (n = 3), silicon oil removal (n = 3), proliferative diabetic retinopathy [n = 6 (5 vitreous haemorrhage and one tractional retinal detachment)], posterior IOL dislocation (n = 1). Postoperative complications included transient ocular hypertension in eight eyes (15.39%), transient hypotony in five eyes (9.62%) and vitreous haemorrhage in five eyes (9.62%). No cases of postoperative endophthalmitis, sclerotomy - related tears, or choroidal detachments were encountered in the follow-up period. Mean corrected distance visual acuity improved from 20 / 796 (logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution, 1.60 ± 0.64) preoperatively to 20 / 49 (logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution, 0.42 ± 0.26) postoperatively (p = 0.000,) at final follow up.
 Conclusions: 27-gauge micro-incision vitrectomy surgery was found to be a safe and effective suture-less surgery with favourable outcomes, in terms of vision.

Time course effect of corticospinal excitability for motor imagery.

This study examined the effect of temporal changes in corticospinal excitability in motor imagery (MI) and the effect of real-time guides for MI on excitability changes. The MI task involved wrist flexion and motor evoked potentials using transcranial magnetic stimulation were recorded and examined from the flexor carpi radialis. Ballistic (momentary MI) and tonic (continuous MI) conditions were used, and the duration of each MI was different. In Experiment 1, each MI task was performed using an acoustic trigger. In Experiment 2, a real-time guide was presented on a computer screen, which provided a visual indication of the onset and duration of the MI task through via moving dots on the screen. The results indicate that the corticospinal excitability changed differently, depending on the duration of MI. Additionally, with real-time guides, the change in corticospinal excitability became clearer. Thus, corticospinal excitability changes due to the temporal specificities of MI, as well as with actual motor output. Moreover, if MI is actively performed without a guide, it is likely to show an unintended change in corticospinal excitability. It is suggested that when MI is performed with visual guide, the excitatory changes of the corticospinal tract might be different from the actual motor output. Therefore, when using MI for mental practices, it is possible to improve the effect of a guide for MI, such as a visual indicator for motor output. Additionally, when examining neural activities in MI, it may be necessary to consider the characteristics of motion performed by MI.

Open source remote monitoring of research lasers

An open source remote monitoring system is designed and built to address the needs of researchers to provide basic illuminated visual indication of laser operation for university research laboratories that are equipped with multiple types of high-powered lasers and have limited financial resources. The 3D printed remote monitoring system selectively monitors either the total current running through a laser or a TTL shutter signal to wirelessly indicate at the laboratory entrances that a laser is in use. Several lasers can be monitored in a single room and each room entrance can have its own wireless laser activity indicator. The wireless feature eliminates the expense of in-wall wiring for the system. An emergency shut off switch is included as an optional attachment. This article describes the design of the readily deployed open source laser monitoring system, including how it was built and tested for integration into a microscopy research laboratory.

Embedded PZT sensors for monitoring formation and crack opening in concrete structures

An application for sensing the stress-induced localization of damage in the form of a discrete crack in a concrete substrate is developed using embedded PZT patches. Stress-wave measurements are obtained through the stages of damage localization leading to crack formation, propagation, and opening of the discrete, localized crack in the concrete. A self-compensating attenuation factor is proposed to quantify the changes in stress waves produced by the material discontinuity introduced by cracking in concrete. The attenuation factor measurements provide a sensitive indication of displacement discontinuity introduced by a crack in the stress wave path. Displacement discontinuity in concrete associated with a crack opening smaller than 10 μm in the loaded state is detected in the attenuation factor measurements even after the removal of stress. The embedded PZT sensors can continuously monitor concrete structures for indications of crack formation before visual indication.

Highly Sensitive On-Skin Temperature Sensors Based on Biocompatible Hydrogels with Thermoresponsive Transparency and Resistivity.

The development of electrically responsive sensors that interact directly with human skin and at the same time produce a visual indication of the temperature is in great demand. Here, we report a highly sensitive electronic skin (E-skin) sensor that measures and visualizes skin temperature simultaneously using a biocompatible hydrogel displaying thermoresponsive transparency and resistivity resulting from a temperature dependence of the strength of the hydrogen bonding between its components. This thermoresponsive hydrogel (TRH) showed a temperature dependence of not only the proton conductivity but also of its transmittance of light through a change in polymer conformation. We were able to use our TRH temperature sensor (TRH-TS) to measure temperature in a wide range of temperatures based on a change in its intrinsic resistivity (-0.0289°C-1 ) and to visualize the temperature due to its thermoresponsive transmittance (from 7% to 96%). The TRH-TS exhibited high reliability upon multiple cycles of heating and cooling. The on-skin TRH-TS patch is also shown to successfully produce changes in its impedance and optical transparency as a result of changes in skin temperature during cardiovascular exercise. This work has shown that our biocompatible TRH-TS is potentially suitable as wearable E-skin for various emerging flexible healthcare monitoring applications.

Universal Strain Energy-Mediated Dynamic Porosity in Physically Networked Elastomers and Their Applications.

Mechanical and physical properties of porous polymers are highly dependent on the arrangement of their internal pores, which once synthesized are widely considered static. However, here we introduce an unconventional dynamic porosity strategy in physically networked elastomer polymers, irrespective of their chemistry. This strategy allows for an omnidirectional and reversible reconfiguration of porosity in response to applied mechanical deformations, even at ambient conditions. In particular, the normal contact pressure between human fingers (just 0.62 MPa) applied on thin elastomer films results in a permanent reversion of the pores to a denser and more solid state. The porous-to-solid transition leads to a 3 order of magnitude reduction in pore density and up to a 22% relative volumetric shrinkage of the films, resulting in an opaque-to-transparent transition (OTT) that acts as a visual indication of porosity state (porous vs nonporous). It is shown that the pore reversion pressure onset is dependent on the average pore-to-pore distance that is controllable through process-specific parameters. Furthermore, the porosity transition is reversible for multiple cycles when the through-plane compression activation is coupled with an in-plane stretch (ε = 700%). A strain energy-mediated thermodynamic model is successfully implemented to confirm the effects of mechanical deformations on pore reversion and generation. Finally, applications of the newfound dynamic porosity concept are exploited for pressure indication, on-demand modulation of materials' mechanical and thermal characteristics, and flexible photomasks.

Quantifying Lymphatic Endothelial Cell Morphological Changes in Response to Fluid Shear Stress, Cyclic Strain, or Combined Stress and Strain In Vitro

The lymphatic system performs vital transport of fluid, lipids, immune cells, and macromolecules. Lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs), which are highly mechanosensitive, are involved in modulating lymphatic contraction, permeability, etc. LECs are sensitive to the fluid shear stress (FSS) caused by lymph flow and the cyclic strain caused by wall contraction and relaxation. The effects of these mechanical forces on LECs are less understood compared to blood vascular endothelial cells, (BVEC), yet the relative changes in these forces on LECs are considerably greater in situ. To the best of our knowledge, no previous in vitro studies have applied simultaneous FSS and cyclic stretching to LECs. To address this information gap, we tested the hypothesis that both FSS and cyclic stretching will alter LEC structure and function. Toward this goal, we developed a novel bioreactor to apply simultaneous, independently-controlled FSS and cyclic uniaxial stretching to LECs on silicone membranes, and a second bioreactor for applying only uniaxial cyclic stretch. After subjecting LECs to FSS alone, stretch alone, or combined FSS and stretch in these systems, we imaged the cells using conventional or confocal fluorescence techniques and measured alterations in orientation and actin fiber alignment of the cultured LECs. Our results show statistically significant changes in LEC orientation compared to controls, aligning in the direction of low steady FSS (0.2 dynes/cm^2) after 12-24 hours. LECs subjected to the low steady flow combined with a 7.5% cyclic stretch, exhibited a more dramatic alignment that was parallel to flow and perpendicular to stretch after only 6 hours. These data indicate that, like BVEC, LEC morphological alignment is sensitive to both FSS and stretching, with a synergistic response when both are applied simultaneously. Similar levels of alignment were seen in LECs subjected to only cyclic stretch after 6 or 12 hours, but rather than aligning perpendicular to stretch, the distribution of cell angles was bimodal, with most cells aligning about +/- 15 degrees from perpendicular. This slightly off-axis alignment could be a function of applying stretch without fluid flow, or may be a response to the higher magnitude of stretch in those studies (40% compared to 7.5%). There was some visual indication of alignment of actin fibers in LEC subjected to combined FSS and stretching, but it was more difficult to determine clear trends due to spatial variation when imaging different regions of the membrane, and further study is therefore required. Taken together, our results show that application of FSS and strain differentially alter LEC alignment and morphology and provides an important platform to further investigate the mechanisms underlying the LEC response to complex physiologically relevant mechanical environments.

Video Analytics based Intelligent Transport System for passenger flow forecast and Social Distancing Indication

Crowd density management in the transport sector is still one of the ongoing research problems. Intelligent Transportation System (ITS) is one of the branches of smart cities that aim to achieve better traffic efficiency. The intelligent transport system optimizes the traffic congestion control by acquiring real time data. Optimized traffic congestion control demands a robust system that could count the number of people inside a carrier for taking optimized decisions. In this paper we proposed an intelligent algorithm named Modified Intelligent Centroid Tracker and Counter (MICTC) that could detect, count, and measure the distance between humans in a closed and controlled environment. The proposed algorithm is vision based and the scope of the work is to optimize the congestion control inside the passenger carrier and supports countless use cases like smart transport, buildings, and other demography where social distancing is enforced. MICTC algorithm not only offers visual indication with a bounding box but also generates metadata which gives a clear picture to the concerned operational or administrative head regarding the current passenger count status. The work deployed in the public transport sector as a candid spot to operate. The algorithm delivers an adequate transport facility to the public, as it gathers information on crowd density in a public transport medium to the commuters of every region. The work gathers crowd density information and provides commuters a suggestion on availability of seats in the carrier, which then saves time, avoids catching the crowded carriers, ensures social distancing, and standardizes the public transportation system which has practical significance. On experimental analysis we could infer that the proposed approach works with accuracy of 0.81,0.83, 0.85, 0.88, 0.82, 0.89 on VISOR, Kaggle, CALTECH, Penn-Fudan, Daimler Mono and INRIA respectively

Tensorial permeability microstructure model considering crystallographic texture and grain size for evaluation of magnetic anisotropy in polycrystalline steels

ABSTRACT A finite element microstructure model with permeability tensors that considers crystallographic texture and grain size based on magnetic domain theory has been developed for the evaluation of magnetic anisotropy in polycrystalline steels. The model has proved capable of capturing the crystallographic texture, the grain size and the vector induction effects on the effective permeability behaviours for typical textures in steels. The predicted magnetic properties as a function of the magnetic field direction enables a quantitative characterisation of the magnetic anisotropy. The predicted effective permeability maps can serve as a visual indication of the crystallographic texture from magnetic values. These features have been experimentally validated against a commercial grain oriented electrical steel featuring strong texture and magnetic anisotropy.