Visual Illustration Research Articles

A dissociation between conceptual prominence and explicit category learning: Evidence from agent and patient event roles.

We investigate whether linguistic categories have the same structure as categories used to conceptualize the world outside of language. We focus on the event roles Agent and Patient (in the sentence Murray ate the ice cream, Murray is the Agent and the ice cream is the Patient). These categories appear to be tightly linked across language and cognition: they are encoded robustly in the world's languages and have been argued to be highly prominent conceptually, even part of innate core knowledge. This view predicts (a) that Agent and Patient categories will be readily accessible to adults in explicit categorization tasks and (b) that these categories have similar structure across semantic and conceptual domains. We tested these predictions across four experiments in which adult speakers of English had to induce Agent and Patient categories from visual illustrations of events (e.g., one figure kicking another). We found that 25% to 40% of participants failed to induce the categories, suggesting that prominent concepts are not always easily accessed for conscious reasoning. At the same time, for those participants who did induce the categories, they generalized these categories in ways predicted by previous analyses of English syntax. This finding supports the view that Agent and Patient are domain-general, spanning both conceptual and linguistic representation, though not necessarily used by participants in explicit categorization tasks. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).

Do natural resources, economic growth, human capital, and urbanization affect the ecological footprint? A modified dynamic ARDL and KRLS approach

The interaction between the abundance of natural resources and environmental depletion has significant ecological consequences. Nonetheless, this area is not adequately studied, and numerous results are apparent throughout the literature. For massive economic development, it is vital to recognize the role of human capital, urbanization, and natural resources. Hence it is important to consider various factors that can play a constructive role in environmental sustainability. Therefore, this study investigates the relationship between total natural resources (TNR), gross domestic product (GDP), human capital index (HCI) and urbanization (URB) with ecological footprint (EFP) in Pakistan from 1980 to 2018. The research uses the latest versions of dynamic Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) simulations model. The key benefit of dynamic ARDL is to estimate positive and negative shifts between the selected variables with an immediate visual illustration over the short and long period. In addition, the Kernel-based Regularized Least Squares (KRLS) machine learning method is used to test robustness. The results show that the rise in TNR has a long-term detrimental influence on EFP. However, upsurge in GDP and HCI increases EFP in the long-term. Lastly, URB observed an important and detrimental long-term impact on the EFP. The KRLS also support the hypothesis. This study suggest a policies to the planners and government officials for managing rapid urbanization and minimizing its urban, environmental and economic challenges.

„Złego sługę malarze tak figurowali”. Źródła wizerunków dobrego i złego sługi oraz dobrej i złej żony z czwartego rozdziału Źwierzyńca Mikołaja Reja

“Złego sługę malarze tak figurowali” (“A bad servant was so depicted”): Sources of the Images of a Good and Bad Servant and of a Good and Bad Wife in Chapter 4 of Mikołaj Rej’s Źwierzyniec (‘The Bestiary’) The chapter of Mikołaj Rej’s Źwierzyniec (‘The Bestiary’), entitled Jako starych wieków przypadki świeckie ludzie sobie malowali (‘As People Painted Secular Shapes from Old Times’), is a collection of epigrams accompanied by visual illustrations of various human features and vices. As proved in 1893 by Ignacy Chrzanowski, some of the pieces were inspired by Andrea Alciato’s emblems, hence the search for Rej’s sources focused on emblem literature. However, despite the evidence that Rej’s epigrams were intended as comments to illustrations, they still may be rooted in literary texts. This article deals with the sources of four epigrams, namely, the one depicting a bad servant, a good servant, a good wife and a bad wife. The epigram Sługa dobry (IV 31, ‘The Good Servant’) may have been modeled on the popular treaty Οίκετηςsive De officio famulorum, written in 1535 by Gilbert Cousin, who described an image of a good servant, subsequently painted in French nobles’ chambers. It presented a human silhouette with a pig’s face, donkey’s ears and deer’s legs, which captured the idea of the servant being easy to feed, eager to listen and fast to follow the master’s orders. This image was widely popularized in 16th-century drawings, however none of them is known to have been familiar to Rej before 1562 and used by him as a pattern for his epigram. Since a pig’s snout is associated with gluttony in Rej’s other texts, in the epigram Sługa dobry it is replaced by a bull’s head. The image of the snout is exploited in Zły sługa (IV 30, ‘The Bad Servant’). Rej equipped the bad servant with a wolf ’s ears – he will pretend to misunderstand orders for his own benefit, a bear’s paws –he steals, and a dog’s tail – he flatters his master. The two epigrams presenting the images of a good wife and a bad wife, were inspired by verses that were echoed in Rej’s other works, for instance in Postylla (1557, ‘Postil’) and Żywot człowieka poczciwego (1568, ‘Life of a Virtuous Man’). The epigram Żona poczciwa (IV 32, ‘The Virtuous Wife’) alludes to Ps. 128(127):3, whereas Żona wszeteczna (IV 33, ‘The Profligate Wife’) to Prov. 11:22.

Students’ empirical thinking in solving mathematics problems

The research purpose is to investigate and explore a solution of non-directed of mathematics problems presented visually or algebraic, and to embed the empirical verification thinking. The problems are from Researcher Repertoire, test item of Teacher Profession Education of National Indonesia, and Flanders Mathematics Olympiad. We analyze the students’ empirical verification thinking of their solutions, i.e. the trend of the thinking, model of representation, and completeness of the logical steps. The results are: the pattern of thinking tends to linear model or of meta-pattern, the description tends to be non-linear or varies of the solution, and the logical steps tend to be a non-recognizable form of thinking. Our recommendations are that the more visual representations need multiple representations, the algebraic thinking needs more the visual illustrations, and the visual images needed in solving mathematics problems.

Vernacular Videos in the Participatory Culture of Web 2.0: The Contribution of Amateurs and Artists to the Development of Audio-visual Language

The revolution in communication technologies is changing language and this, in turn, will change human thinking. This statement can now be taken for granted. The fact that it is supported by many authors, including Marshal Mc Luhan (1964), Neil Postman (1992) and Lev Manovich (2002), is already evidence of it. The issue of information in the public sphere of Web 2.0 is controversial and much debated. The democratization of cyberspace brings with it the chance to develop a complex audiovisual grammar that anticipates video art and experimental films. The online environment features both to audiovisual experiments undertaken by amateur videographers and professional elites. In this place of extremes, there is room for developing both narrative and non-narrative expressions of self-reflexive audiovisual products. Whereas Lev Manovich (2002) states that the avant-garde becomes legitimised in the cut and paste era of digital filmmaking, which replaces the sequential narrative, this article sets out to determine the contribution of amateur videographers and artists to the development of the new audiovisual grammar of web 2.0. My case studies focus on the two main tendencies of home-made audiovisual products, both of them leading to the effectiveness of audiovisual communication. The video-confession replaces the visual narrative illustration with a form of orality that increases the audience’s imaginative participation. The DIY-videos, non-narrative metaphors in essay form, complement abstract comprehension. These new forms approach Astruc’s concept of caméra stylo, enhancing the audiovisual communication of the mass audience. Thus, the audience is able to comprehend a richer and more sophisticated cinematic language.

Views from above and below: bridging scenes of difference

This article focuses on the vertical visioning of the bridge as a visual icon of the global city in urban planning, specifically the Bandra-Worli sea link in Mumbai. The author contends that the sea link, launched in 2019 as a way to connect the southern part of the city with its western suburbs, participates in aerial visual significations in which views from above partake in framing of the urban metropolis as an essential aspect of the nation-state’s global modernity aspirations. By analyzing the recurrence of the sea link through a variety of visual illustrations, he suggests that views of the sea link through omniscient perspectives tether urban experiments of modernity to forms of aspirational city planning that are deemed both axiomatic and necessary for urban dreams of development. He contends that ‘reparative’ work in visual culture assumes a task beyond the exposure of ‘unequal scenes’ if it is to grapple with the material contexts of urban repair and redistribution of resources. Rather than views from above or looking from below, the article theorizes a notion of reparation through the ontology of the edge – one that offers speculations of hope beyond the neoliberal logics of infrastructural futurity.

Pedagogical Communication in Nigerian Children Literature: A Pragma-Semiotic Study of Akintayo Oluyinka’s The Greatest Mistake

This study is a cross-disciplinary investigation of the pedagogical significance of children literature in Nigeria—a linguistic study of selected samples from Akintayo Oluyinka’s The Greatest Mistake. Visual illustrations are typical of children literature because of the age-range of the readers. Hamilton (2000) notes that “children who encounter excellent picture books learn how to read not just the moods but also the pictures. They pay close attention to what they see often discovering things in illustrations.” Like in the literary text we examine in this study, pictorial illustrations in Nigerian children literature have varied contextual underpinnings which make them have meanings to children-readers. This establishes their pragmatic relevance. Objects and gestures convey messages in discourse. Therefore, semiotics is a crucial concern of this study. Hinging on the Pragma-crafting theory, this study concludes that the effectiveness of children literature in the transmission of knowledge to the target readers (children) depends on the skillful use of textual and extra-textual elements of communication.

Performance evaluation of Asian major cruise terminals

Compared to cargo terminals, performance evaluation of cruise terminals sits in a backseat in the current port performance studies, particularly in the Northeast Asia. This paper aims to evaluate the performance of major cruise terminals in Asia, taking into account the important dimensions and criteria influencing cruise terminal development, and using primary data by experts' responses to a questionnaire survey. Complementary data are also acquired by field trips and interviews to find the hidden information that is not revealed from the set questions in the questionnaire survey. To tackle the multiplicity and uncertainty in the collected data, the hybrid of Preference Ranking Organization Method for Enrichment Evaluations (PROMETHEE) and Consistent Fuzzy Preference Relation (CFPR) is employed to evaluate cruise terminal performance and highlight visual illustration of the test results. The findings provide useful insights for guiding cruise lines’ terminal selection and for aiding cruise terminals to benchmark their performance to effectively improve their service and maximize their overall performance.

GeoGebra in Project-Based Learning (Geo-PJBL): A dynamic tool for analytical geometry course

The integration of learning models and software is a trend in mathematics courses. However, no existing learning model for geometry courses involves the students in the making of a tool or media project. The researchers noticed the potential of the project-based learning (PjBL) model and GeoGebra in analytical geometry courses. This study revealed differences in the influence of the Geo-PjBL and PjBL models on students’ achievement. The subjects consisted of 137 prospective mathematics teachers. The Basic Geometry Instrument (BGI) was used to measure the subjects’ initial ability in basic geometry, and the Geometry Analytic Instrument (GAI) was used to evaluate the model and prospective teachers’ performance. The Geo-PjBL and PjBL classroom activities lasted for 15 weeks. Both classrooms received the same content; the difference between the Geo-PjBL and PjBL classrooms was the tools used to present the problems and the project results. An analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) was conducted to analyze the data (α = 0.01). The Geo-PjBL model is more effective in applying analytical geometry subjects that require precision and accurate visual illustrations. Meanwhile, in the range of algebraic operations, the Geo-PjBL model is as effective as the PjBL model.

Examining Youth Conceptualizations of Water Safety Behaviors among Participants in a Learn-to-Swim Program

Drowning represents a leading cause of unintentional deaths among children. Concomitantly, while formal swim instruction often incorporates water safety practices, the efficacy of these messages remains largely unexplored. This qualitative-based study sought to evaluate how youth apply learned water safety concepts when posed with a hypothetical aquatic scenario. Semi-structured interviews, augmented by use of a visual illustration prompt, were conducted with 29 participants of a youth Learn-to-Swim (LTS) program. Interviews assessed participants’ expressed water safety behaviors and were coded based on emergent themes. Findings indicated that most participants were able to identify a “struggling” swimmer in the dramatized illustration. When questioned regarding their hypothetical behavioral response to that swimmer in trouble, participants ultimately yielded appropriate behaviors (e.g., extending one’s reach) with prompting, revealing they would eventually enter the water. Additionally, participants also frequently mis-conceptualized or reported hesitancy in other behaviors; for instance, “calling” for help was sometimes misinterpreted to exclude contacting 911. Results also indicated that other sources, such as television, were important sources of water safety knowledge among participants and that relationships with social agents played a role in water safety messaging. Given these results, LTS programs and public health agencies should work to further improve the prioritization, practice, and communication of water safety behaviors.

Optimization of oscillation damping in systems with a non-integer number of degrees of freedom

The paper discusses issues related to the choice of the optimal damping for a system with one and a half degrees of freedom - a pendulum with an elastic-movable suspension point in the presence of viscous friction. Maximization of the degree of stability of the system is taken as an optimization criterion characterizing the efficiency of damping oscillations. Two options for installing a damping device are discussed - either in the pendulum joint, or parallel to the elastic element. The analytical solution of the optimization problem is performed in each case, and it is accompanied by a visual graphic illustration. In addition, a comparison of two cases of damping is given on the basis of analysis of the maximum degree of stability and a conclusion about the advisability of using one or another option is made. The obtained results are of interest both in theoretical and practical terms, and the described plan for finding the optimal solution can also be applied to solving other optimization problems in systems with a non-integer number of degrees of freedom.

Entropy generation in a chemically and thermally reinforced doubly stratified porous enclosure in a magnetic field

In this article, the study of chemical reaction and heat generation effects on the magnetohydrodynamic free convection in the thermal and mass stratified fluid-filled porous enclosure under the influence of cross-diffusion forces is extended to the entropy generation analysis for the design of relevant tools of engineering applications. Here, the multiphysics associated with natural convection in doubly stratified fluid containing chemically reactive square porous enclosure under uniform magnetic field furnishes novel flow dynamics modeling. Since the distinctive nature of the free convective flow mechanism is described by the complex heat and mass transfer process, the thermal investigation cannot be considered complete until the visual illustration of the transportation of heat and mass flux is provided. Therefore, the new heat flux and mass flux models are proposed for the multi-force effect on chemically reactive porous media under the effect of viscous dissipative heat generation to facilitate the directional manifestation of heat and mass flux transitions along with intensity. Additionally, the thermodynamical measures are established by the new entropy generation model and advanced Bejan number irreversibility characterization.

Visuele elemente in vertalende woordeboeke gerig op die grondslagfase teen die agtergrond van geletterdheidsontwikkeling

Visual Elements in Translative Dictionaries Aimed at the Foundation Phase against the Background of Literacy Development. Dictionaries used for teaching and learning in an educational setting undoubtedly have an educational purpose and function (if a dictionary function is understood according to the lexicographic theory of functions), whereby such an educational function is concerned with the active development of literacy skills. In the case of dictionaries for the foundation phase, target users have emergent literacy skills and developing reading skills, in particular. For this reason, lexicographers make use of a variety of lexicographic devices, for example visual elements, to render language support to the target user. Learners in the foundation phase form the target users of this category of dictionaries and the focus of the article is situated within the lexicographic theory of the user perspective, and the field of pedagogical lexicography. Concepts known in reading research, language acquisition and second language teaching come into play and are applied to visual elements in dictionaries. The use, value and types of illustrations in dictionaries are investigated by means of a literature study and then applied within the literacy context of the target user. Use of visual illustrations in accordance with the literacy needs of the target users forms the focus of the article. Keywords: cognitive-academic language proficiency, contextualisation, dictionaries, illustrations, language proficiency, literacy context, multilingualism, pedagogical lexicography, user perspective

Реалізація зближення коливних систем на основі принципу розтягування часу

Розглянуто задачу зближення двох керованих систем, що описують динаміку математичних маятників, в якій один із обʼєктів прагне досягти цієї зустрічі, а інший — уникнути її. З метою застосування схеми першого прямого методу Л.С. Понтрягіна до її вирішення знадобилася модифікація цього методу, що базується на застосуванні принципу розтягування часу. Причина полягає у тому, що для цієї задачі не виконано умову Понтрягіна, що лежить в основі першого прямого методу і фактично забезпечує можливість побудови керування переслідувача у кожний момент часу за поточним керуванням втікача. Ця умова відображає перевагу переслідувача над втікачем в ресурсах керування, що виражена через параметри систем. Використовується модифікація умови Понтрягіна, що містить так звану функцію розтягування часу, яка грає вирішальну роль при побудові керування переслідувача по керуванню втікача у минулому. Це тотожно до використання інформації, що запізнюється. Для досліджуваної задачі запропоновано функцію розтягування часу та виводяться умови, що забезпечують можливість зустрічі обʼєктів у визначений скінченний момент. Також приведено формули, що описують спосіб побудови керування переслідувача керуванням супротивника у минулому. Використовуючи програмні засоби, створено візуальну ілюстрацію процесу зближення на площині за умови, що втікач рухається по сталій орбіті. Описаний алгоритм розрахунку формули поточного керування переслідувача гарантує зустріч обʼєктів.

Elemen Visual Desain Sampul Piringan Hitam Album Keroncong Produksi Lokananta Tahun 1959-1971

Vinyl records have various cover designs according to the development of modern technology. This study discusses the use of visualization of the album cover design of the 1959-1971 Lokananta keroncong album which is contained in several visual elements, namely typography, illustrations, colors and layouts. Based on the analysis conducted, the use of visual elements complement each other by having their own characteristics. Photographic and computer techniques were used on the album cover.

THE ALPHABET IS A VISUAL SYSTEM OF ARTICULATION SEGMENTS OF SPEECH INHERENT IN A PARTICULAR LANGUAGE

The article is devoted to the description of the difficulties that, naturally, will be encountered in the transition to the Latin script. These difficulties, of course, are temporary and theoretically solvable; nevertheless, their description and solutions are relevant. This is primarily due to the typological feature of the Kazakh language in the system of world languages.Prof. A. Zhunisbek writes that in modern Kazakh (Turkic) linguistics, the main problem is the search for new methods for analyzing the sound structure of the language. This should take place within the framework of the revival of national consciousness. «Eurocentrism» is the methods and principles of the analysis of Indo-European languages, where phonology is the theoretical basis for the analysis of phonetics. «Türkocentrism» is the methods and principles of the analysis of the Türkic languages, where the theoretical basis for the analysis of phonetics is syngarmology.Further, according to the scientist, in order to define and describe the internal features and patterns of the Kazakh (Turkic) language, a specific research apparatus (concepts and terms) is needed. As a result, the original timbre characteristics of the composition and system of sounds, possible modifications of sounds, syllables and morphemes can be discovered. This will make it possible to really determine the composition and describe the system of singharmonic and assimilative modifications of sounds, compose a national alphabet, provide visual illustrations for textbooks and teaching aids, and improve teaching methods.When switching to the Latin script, the professor warns, it should be noted that in Kazakh linguistics the composition and system of morphemes, their liner value are also described in the mainstream of the Indo-European tradition, as a result, a number of morpheme units and their sound composition are defined and described incorrectly, and spelling and orthoepic rules to correct them.The results of theoretical and practical research by Prof. A. Zhunisbek will be used as a theoretical basis for compiling the Latin alphabet. The spiritual revival of the nation begins with the revival of the language and the alphabet is the basis of the process: the national alphabet – the national word – the national language.

Use of computer teaching systems in the learning process

Just a few decades ago, books were mostly used as educational media, while posters, various mechanical models, etc. were used as educational visual illustrations. Laboratory experiments for teaching chemistry, physics, biology, etc. were conducted in schools and colleges using real materials. Today the situation is drastically changed and all this has been forgotten. Modern computer teaching technologies are being rapidly introduced in the educational space replacing old tehcnology with hypertexts, e-books and textbooks, tutorials and many other forms and contents.

Phthalates and alternative plasticizers differentially affect phenotypic parameters in gonadal somatic and germ cell lines†.

The developmental and reproductive toxicity associated with exposure to phthalates has motivated a search for alternatives. However, there is limited knowledge regarding the adverse effects of some of these chemicals. We used high-content imaging to compare the effects of mono (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (MEHP) with six alternative plasticizers: di-2-ethylhexyl terephthalate (DEHTP); diisononyl-phthalate (DINP); di-isononylcyclohexane-1,2-dicarboxylate (DINCH); 2-ethylhexyl adipate (DEHA); 2,2,4-trimethyl 1,3-pentanediol diisobutyrate (TXIB) and di-iso-decyl-adipate (DIDA). A male germ spermatogonial cell line (C18-4), a Sertoli cell line (TM4) and two steroidogenic cell lines (MA-10 Leydig and KGN granulosa) were exposed for 48h to each chemical (0.001-100μM). Cell images were analyzed to assess cytotoxicity and effects on phenotypic endpoints. Only MEHP (100μM) was cytotoxic and only in C18-4 cells. However, several plasticizers had distinct phenotypic effects in all four cell lines. DINP increased Calcein intensity in C18-4 cells, whereas DIDA induced oxidative stress. In TM4 cells, MEHP, and DINCH affected lipid droplet numbers, while DEHTP and DINCH increased oxidative stress. In MA-10 cells, MEHP increased lipid droplet areas and oxidative stress; DINP decreased the number of lysosomes, while DINP, DEHA, and DIDA altered mitochondrial activity. In KGN cells, MEHP, DINP and DINCH increased the number of lipid droplets, whereas DINP decreased the number of lysosomes, increased oxidative stress and affected mitochondria. The Toxicological Priority Index (ToxPi) provided a visual illustration of the cell line specificity of the effects on phenotypic parameters. The lowest administered equivalent doses were observed for MEHP. We propose that this approach may assist in screening alternative plasticizers.

A co-design study to develop supportive interventions to improve psychological and social adaptation among adults with new-onset type 1 diabetes in Denmark and the UK

ObjectiveTo develop supportive interventions for adults with new-onset type 1 diabetes (T1D) to facilitate positive adaptive strategies during their transition into a life with diabetes.DesignThe study used a co-design approach...

Efforts to instill green behavior to the phi generation using illustration book

The definition of environmentally friendly behavior has changed from generation to generation. This is due to the development of technology and media. Being close to the digital technology, the Phi generation tends to abandon the analog technology which is more environmentally friendly. This study aimed to create a media that can introduce green behavior to the Phi generation and make them implement it in their daily lives. This study used the ADDIE method to create a product in the form of an illustration book prototype. The book design contains a description of green behavior of using analog technology with a visual illustration approach. The illustration book is expected to foster the desire of the Phi generation to use analog technology.