Visual Feedback Training Research Articles

Visual feedback training in young karate athletes

the purpose of this study was to examine the effect of a Visual Feedback Training (VFT) of the centre of pressure (COP) on postural sway in young karate athletes. 38 young male karate athletes were recruited and randomly in 2 groups: experimental group (SG; n=19, age =16.54 ± 2.00 yrs) and the control group (CG; n= 19, age 16.45 ± 1.53 yrs). The SG performed a battery test of VFT on stabilometric platform screening in a monitor of COP in a real time. During 10-min of the test, athlete tries to bring his own body to the centre of COP. CG followed the same procedure of SG without receiving any feedback of their COP. ANOVA revealed an interaction training for type × F(1,360)=78.892 at p<0.001 (η(2)=33.178) and for training × time F(1,36)=7.479 with p<0.010 (η(2)=13.432). The results showed that VFT improved COP in SG of the 83% (p<0.0001) and decreased of the 26% in the CG (p<0.001). performing VFT improve stability and balance control and therefore greater ability to acquire motor control of the body in young karate athletes.

고령자의 게임기반 시각피드백 훈련에 따른 자세 균형 효과

In this paper, we analyzed the effects of game-based visual feedback training on postural balance control in young adults and older adults. We provided postural balance training by 23 young adults and 14 older adults and for four weeks in fifth minute a day and three days a week using IBalance(Cybermedic Inc., Korea). We evaluated the ability of postural balance using balance SD(Biodex, medicalscience Inc., USA) for the validation of game contents based on visual feedback training program. The results showed that postural stability and limits of stability of young adults and older adults were improved significantly before and after the training(p

Development of virtual reality proprioceptive rehabilitation system for stroke patients

In this study, the virtual reality (VR) proprioception rehabilitation system was developed for stroke patients to use proprioception feedback in upper limb rehabilitation by blocking visual feedback. To evaluate its therapeutic effect, 10 stroke patients (onset>3 month) trained proprioception feedback rehabilitation for one week and visual feedback rehabilitation for another week in random order. Proprioception functions were checked before, a week after, and at the end of training. The results show the click count, error distance and total error distance among proprioception evaluation factors were significantly reduced after proprioception feedback training compared to visual feedback training (respectively, p=0.005, p=0.001, and p=0.007). In addition, subjects were significantly improved in conventional behavioral tests after training. In conclusion, we showed the effectiveness and possible use of the VR to recover the proprioception of stroke patients.

Visual feedback and upper limb robotic training: A fMRI study

Visual feedback and upper limb robotic training: A fMRI study

The effects of visual training on multisensory temporal processing.

The importance of multisensory integration for human behavior and perception is well documented, as is the impact that temporal synchrony has on driving such integration. Thus, the more temporally coincident two sensory inputs from different modalities are, the more likely they will be perceptually bound. This temporal integration process is captured by the construct of the temporal binding window-the range of temporal offsets within which an individual is able to perceptually bind inputs across sensory modalities. Recent work has shown that this window is malleable and can be narrowed via a multisensory perceptual feedback training process. In the current study, we seek to extend this by examining the malleability of the multisensory temporal binding window through changes in unisensory experience. Specifically, we measured the ability of visual perceptual feedback training to induce changes in the multisensory temporal binding window. Visual perceptual training with feedback successfully improved temporal visual processing, and more importantly, this visual training increased the temporal precision across modalities, which manifested as a narrowing of the multisensory temporal binding window. These results are the first to establish the ability of unisensory temporal training to modulate multisensory temporal processes, findings that can provide mechanistic insights into multisensory integration and which may have a host of practical applications.

The Effects of Visual Feedback Training on Sitting Balance Ability and Visual Perception of Patients with Chronic Stroke

[Purpose] The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of visual feedback training (VFT) in the sitting position on sitting balance ability and visual perception of chronic stroke patients. [Subjects] Twenty-two hospitalized subjects who had experienced a stroke more than six months earlier were included in this study. [Methods] Subjects in both the experimental group (n=12) and the control group (n=10) participated in a conventional rehabilitation program involving a 60-minute session five days per week for a period of four weeks. Subjects in the experimental group additionally practiced VFT 30-minute sessions, five days per week, for a period of four weeks. [Results] After the intervention, the experimental group showed significantly improved static sitting balance ability (left∙right, anterior∙posterior moment, and velocity moment), and dynamic sitting balance ability (anterior∙lateral moment). In visual perception tests, motor free visual perception test (MVPT) scores showed a significant increase of approximately 17% in the experimental group after the intervention. [Conclusion] The results of this study demonstrate the effectiveness of VFT in enhancing body function, as evidenced by improved sitting balance and visual perception of chronic stroke patients.

게임기반의 시각 피드백 훈련이 자세균형 조절에 미치는 영향

In this study, we analyzed the effects of game-based visual feedback training on postural balance control in young adults. We provided postural balance training for four weeks in fifth minute a day and three days a week using training system of postural balance based forceplate. We evaluated the ability of postural balance using balance SD(Biodex, medicalscience Inc., USA) for the validation of game contents based visual feedback training program. The results showed that postural stability and limits of stability were improved significantly before and after the training(p

Effects of Weight-Shift Training on Balance Control and Weight Distribution in Chronic Stroke: A Pilot Study

Purpose: The objective was to evaluate the effect of weight-shift training on functional balance, weight distribution, and postural control measures during standing and forward reach tasks in subjects with chronic stroke. Methods: Nine male subjects (mean age, 66 years; range, 60–75 years) who experienced a stroke 3 to 13 years previously participated in a 4-week training program consisting of static and dynamic balance exercises with visual feedback and gait training with wall support. Balance control was assessed before and after the intervention with clinical measures (Berg Balance Scale) and with a pressure platform for registering the center of pressure (CoP) during quiet stance (weight distribution, CoP sway area, and velocity), and during a forward reach task at shoulder and knee levels. Intervention effects were evaluated with the Wilcoxon matched-pairs test. Results: After training, the group improved their Berg Balance Scale median score from 42 (range, 14–54) to 46 (20–55) (P = .01), CoP sway area [10.6 (5.0–31.4) to 3.0 (1.8–10.8) cm2; P = .01], and mean velocity [3.5 (2.4–8.0) to 1.7 (0.9–3.7) mm/s; P = .01] during quiet standing but not weight distribution (P = .59). During the forward reach tasks, most of the postural control measures such as movement time, CoP displacement, and CoP velocity were significantly (P < .05) improved after the training period for both the affected and nonaffected sides as compared to before the training period. Conclusion: A weight-shift training program improved balance control but not weight distribution in a group of chronic stroke subjects. Larger, randomized, and controlled studies are necessary.

Effect of Mental Training on the Balance Control Ability of Healthy Subjects

[Purpose] This study investigated the effect of physical training with visual feedback and mental training with motor imagery on balance control ability. [Subjects] Twenty-one healthy adults (male/female: 7/14, mean age: 19.8 ± 0.1 years) with no history of neurological or orthopedic problems were enrolled in this study. The subjects were randomly divided into a physical training group (PTG), a mental training group (MTG), and a control group (CG). [Methods] PTG and MTG performed a dynamic balance task with physical and mental training, respectively, in a 30-minute training session, 5 days a week for 3 weeks. The CG did not receive any training. The outcomes of postural balance were evaluated in terms of the performance time and sway length measured by a force platform. [Results] In the baseline test, the three groups showed similar demographic data, performance time, and sway length. The PTG and MTG showed a significant decrease in performance time, but neither group showed any significant change in sway length. There was no significant difference in the CG. [Conclusion] Our findings indicate that physical balance training with visual feedback as well as mental balance training with motor imagery is effective. Therefore, mental training could contribute to improving dynamic balance ability in a cost-effective home-based training program.

Teaching Academic Writing, Patricia Friedrich (Ed.), Continuum, London and New York (2008). xiv + 246 pp.

While a number of researchers have noted the lack of research on pronunciation instruction, relative to other aspects of language (i.e. syntax), pronunciation has been shown to be crucial for facilitating intelligible and comprehensible second language (L2) productions. Addressing the need for empirically tested pedagogical methods, the current study considers the use of a classroom-based visual feedback paradigm for the instruction of a segmental feature, namely voice onset time, which has been shown to be a distinctive marker of accent for English-dominant L2 learners of Spanish. In addition, this study examines the potential generalizability of gains made through the visual feedback paradigm, assessing whether gains made in controlled reading tasks (i.e. carrier sentences) will extend to more continuous and spontaneous speech. The results demonstrate significant improvements in voice onset time produced by participants following the visual feedback paradigm, relative to a control group. Furthermore, while the visual feedback training was limited to short, controlled utterances (i.e. carrier sentences), benefits were observed for more continuous and spontaneous speech.

Complex Systems and Applied Linguistics, Diane Larsen-Freeman, Lynne Cameron, Oxford University Press, Oxford (2008). 300 pp.

While a number of researchers have noted the lack of research on pronunciation instruction, relative to other aspects of language (i.e. syntax), pronunciation has been shown to be crucial for facilitating intelligible and comprehensible second language (L2) productions. Addressing the need for empirically tested pedagogical methods, the current study considers the use of a classroom-based visual feedback paradigm for the instruction of a segmental feature, namely voice onset time, which has been shown to be a distinctive marker of accent for English-dominant L2 learners of Spanish. In addition, this study examines the potential generalizability of gains made through the visual feedback paradigm, assessing whether gains made in controlled reading tasks (i.e. carrier sentences) will extend to more continuous and spontaneous speech. The results demonstrate significant improvements in voice onset time produced by participants following the visual feedback paradigm, relative to a control group. Furthermore, while the visual feedback training was limited to short, controlled utterances (i.e. carrier sentences), benefits were observed for more continuous and spontaneous speech.

Book reviewReading Strategies of First- and Second-Language Learners: See how they read, Kouider Mokhtari and Ravi Sheorey (Eds.), Christopher-Gordon Publishers, Inc., Norwood, Mass (2008). 288 pp

While a number of researchers have noted the lack of research on pronunciation instruction, relative to other aspects of language (i.e. syntax), pronunciation has been shown to be crucial for facilitating intelligible and comprehensible second language (L2) productions. Addressing the need for empirically tested pedagogical methods, the current study considers the use of a classroom-based visual feedback paradigm for the instruction of a segmental feature, namely voice onset time, which has been shown to be a distinctive marker of accent for English-dominant L2 learners of Spanish. In addition, this study examines the potential generalizability of gains made through the visual feedback paradigm, assessing whether gains made in controlled reading tasks (i.e. carrier sentences) will extend to more continuous and spontaneous speech. The results demonstrate significant improvements in voice onset time produced by participants following the visual feedback paradigm, relative to a control group. Furthermore, while the visual feedback training was limited to short, controlled utterances (i.e. carrier sentences), benefits were observed for more continuous and spontaneous speech.

Use of a Combination of Ankle Pressure and SENSERite System to Treat Older Adults With Impaired Ankle Proprioception: A Single-Blind Experimental Study

You JH, Saliba S, Saliba E. Use of a combination of ankle pressure and SENSERite system to treat older adults with impaired ankle proprioception: a single-blind experimental study. Objective To investigate the effects of a combination of visual biofeedback and ankle pressure on ankle position sense in elderly adults with and without impaired ankle joint position sense (JPS). Design Independent 2 × 3 factorial design with an experimenter-blind study. Setting University motion laboratory. Participants Older adults (N=40) were recruited from local community centers. Among them, 21 elderly subjects had relatively normative score, whereas 19 subjects had impaired ankle position sense. Intervention Both the normative and impaired elderly subjects underwent either ankle JPS visual feedback training alone or a combination of ankle JPS visual feedback training and circumferential ankle pressure for one 30-minute training session. Main Outcome Measures The outcome measures included ankle JPS errors measured in absolute constant error (ACE) and variable error (VE) during standing at pretest, posttest, and 1-week follow-up test. A separate repeated measures analyses of variance was performed to evaluate the differential training effects on ACE and VE, respectively. The Pearson chi-square test and Bonferroni test were performed. Significance was assigned at P less than .05 for all analyses. Results Regardless of intervention conditions, older adults with and without ankle position sense impairment showed immediate treatment benefits, which relatively remained stable even at the follow-up test. These effects were reflected in significant improvements of JPS accuracy and consistency ( P<.05). Conclusions Our findings may suggest that both interventions were equally effective in increasing ankle JPS accuracy and consistency in older adults with and without impairments, and therapeutic effects lasted for a week, reflecting long-term effect.

運動想起フィードバック訓練による事象関連脱同期（ＥＲＤ）出現の検証

Stroke patients have some motor deficits, but they can regain their motor abilities by rehabilitation. In the aspect of rehabilitation, voluntary movement is very important. We propose a system which can make a closed loop in brain for stroke patients like voluntary movement. Event Related Desynchronization (ERD) is used to extract patients' motor intention, and then Functional Electrical Stimulation (FES) stimuls their paralyzed muscles. In many Brain Computer Interface (BCI) researches, subjects are trained for several months or years to do the task, because of the difficulty to extract clear ERD without training. Thinking about applying for stroke patients, motor imagery training should be shorter, because of the brain plasticity. We did a pilot study about the effect of visual feedback training for three days with healthy subjects. The result indicated that ERD could be clearly extracted in three days, but the training effect differs in each subjects.

Visual feedback training improves postural adjustments associated with moving obstacle avoidance in elderly women

The study examined the impact of visually guided weight shifting (WS) practice on the postural adjustments evoked by elderly women when avoiding collision with a moving obstacle while standing. Fifty-six healthy elderly women (70.9 ± 5.7 years, 87.5 ± 9.6 kg) were randomly assigned into one of three groups: a group that completed 12 sessions (25 min, 3 s/week) of WS practice in the Anterior/Posterior direction (A/P group, n = 20), a group that performed the same practice in the medio/lateral direction (M/L group, n = 20) and a control group ( n = 16). Pre- and post-training, participants were tested in a moving obstacle avoidance task. As a result of practice, postural response onset shifted closer to the time of collision with the obstacle. Side-to-side WS resulted in a reduction of the M/L sway amplitude and an increase of the trunk's velocity during avoidance. It is concluded that visually guided WS practice enhances elderly's ability for on-line visuo-motor processing when avoiding collision eliminating reliance on anticipatory scaling. Specifying the direction of WS seems to be critical for optimizing the transfer of training adaptations.

Interactive physically-based simulation of catheter and guidewire

For over 20 years, interventional methods have improved the outcomes of patients with cardiovascular disease or stroke. However, these procedures require an intricate combination of visual and tactile feedback and extensive training periods. An essential part of this training relates to catheter or guidewire manipulation. In this paper, we propose a composite model to realistically simulate a catheter, a guidewire or a combination of both. Where a physics-based simulation of both devices would be computationally prohibitive and would require to deal with a large number of contacts, we propose to address this problem by replacing both objects by a composite model. This model has a dual visual representation and can dynamically change its material properties to locally describe a combination of both devices. Results show that the composite model exhibits the same characteristics of a catheter/guidewire combination while maintaining real-time interaction.

New approaches to catheter navigation for interventional radiology simulation

For over 20 years, interventional methods have improved the outcomes of patients with cardiovascular disease. However, these procedures require an intricate combination of visual and tactile feedback and extensive training. In this paper, we describe a series of novel approaches that have led to the development of a high-fidelity simulation system for interventional neuroradiology. In particular, we focus on a new approach for real-time deformation of devices such as catheters and guidewires during navigation inside complex vascular networks. This approach combines a real-time incremental Finite Element Model (FEM), an optimization strategy based on substructure decomposition, and a new method for handling collision response in situations where the number of contact points is very large. We also briefly describe other aspects of the simulation system, from patient-specific segmentation to the simulation of contrast agent propagation and fast volume-rendering techniques for generating synthetic X-ray images in real time. Although currently targeted at stroke therapy, our results are applicable to the simulation of any interventional radiology procedure.

Changes in Postural Balance in Frail Elderly Women during a 4-Week Visual Feedback Training: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Background: Balance training programs have not shown consistent results among older adults, and it remains unclear how different training methods can be adapted to frail elderly people. Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of a 4-week visual feedback-based balance training on the postural control of frail elderly women living in residential care homes. Methods: Elderly women of two residential care facilities were randomized to an exercise group (EG, n = 20) and to a control group (CG, n = 7). The EG participated in training sessions three times/week for 4 weeks. The exercises were carried out with a computerized force platform with visual feedback screen. The dimensions of balance function studied were standing body sway, dynamic weight shifting, and Berg Balance Scale performance. Results: The EG showed significant improvement in balance functions. The performance time in dynamic balance tests improved on average by 35.9% compared with a 0.6% increase in the CG (p = 0.025–0.193). The performance distance in these tests decreased on average by 28.2% in the EG as compared with a 9.8% decrease seen in the CG. The Berg Balance Scale performance improved by 6.9% compared with a 0.7% increase in the CG (p = 0.003). The standing balance tests in the more demanding standing positions showed improvements in the EG, whereas similar changes in the CG were not found. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that balance training based on visual feedback improves the balance control in frail elderly women living in residential care, also enhancing the performance of functional balancing tasks relevant to daily living. The subjects were motivated to participate in the training, as indicated by the high compliance (97.5%) with the program.

Nasal peak inspiratory flow through Turbuhaler in children with symptomatic rhinitis and in healthy children.

Topical treatment of allergic or vasomotor rhinitis is possible by means of pressurized metered dose inhalers, aqueous spray, or dry powder inhalers. In children, little is known about nasal drug delivery by dry powder inhalation. The airflow through the device is critical for the drug release and a sufficient nasal inspiratory flow is needed for intranasal drug delivery from a dry powder inhaler. In order to investigate from what age children with allergic or vasomotor rhinitis can reliably use such a device, device-dependent nasal peak inspiratory flow (DnPIF) was measured. The maximal DnPIF was measured in children aged 4-13 years making use of a dry powder inhaler (Turbuhaler) connected to a spirometer (Vitalograph). In the clinically relevant context, instructions from the doctor and one week's use of a Turbuhaler at home were found to be sufficient to obtain a good inhalation technique and were shown to improve DnPIF at least as effectively as visual feedback training at the clinic. Children with rhinitis, as well as healthy children from the age of 6 years, were able to generate a DnPIF sufficient to obtain a reliable nasal delivery of a dry powder drug dose. DnPIF values correlated with age. Consequently, a recommendation to use a nasal Turbuhaler from the age of 6 for topical drug delivery in the treatment of allergic or vasomotor rhinitis seems reasonable.

Use of Visual Feedback in Retraining Balance Following Acute Stroke

Visual feedback related to weight distribution and center-of-pressure positioning has been shown to be effective in increasing stance symmetry following stroke, although it is not clear whether functional balance ability also improves. This study compared the relative effectiveness of visual feedback training of center-of-gravity (CoG) positioning with conventional physical therapy following acute stroke. Forty-six people who had strokes within 80 days before the study, resulting in unilateral hemiparesis, and who were in need of balance retraining participated. Initially, subjects were randomly assigned to visual feedback or conventional physical therapy groups for balance retraining until 16 subjects per group were recruited. The next 14 subjects were assigned to a control group. All subjects received physical therapy and occupational therapy (regular therapy) 2 hours a day, and subjects in the 2 experimental groups received additional balance training 30 minutes a day until discharge. The visual feedback group received information about their CoG position as they shifted their weight during various activities. The conventional therapy group received verbal and tactile cues to encourage symmetrical stance and weight shifting. Static (postural sway) and activity-based measures of balance (Berg Balance Scale, gait speed, and the Timed "Up & Go" Test) were contrasted across the 3 groups at baseline, at discharge, and at 1 month following discharge using an analysis of variance for repeated measures. All groups demonstrated marked improvement over time for all measures of balance ability, with the greatest improvements occurring in the period from baseline to discharge. No between-group differences were detected in any of the outcome measures. Visual feedback or conventional balance training in addition to regular therapy affords no added benefit when offered in the early stages of rehabilitation following stroke.