Visual Documentation Research Articles

Transmission of Traditions in the Transformation of the Traditional Balinese House

Spaces in the traditional Balinese house were not only places for accommodating domestic and socio-cultural activities, but also locations for handing down traditions. In this transmission process, people taught and learned by participating in collaborative activities where the young generation observed, helped or imitated their elders. Central to this argument is an exploration of how the old generations transfer their traditions to the next, based on new conditions. This transmission was a learning process which started from an early age in which parents and grandparents played a predominant role. However, along with the growth of tourism, there are now known to be a substantial number of houses that have been transformed into tourist facilities by demolishing and relocating social and ceremonial spaces in the house. As a cultural phenomenon, the transformation involves an interrelated complexity of aspects and gives rise to the question about the continuity of the transmission process in these new settings. Using visual documentation and interviews, dynamic cultural activities over time could be collected and inventoried to reconstruct the transformation of the house and contextualize the handing down process of traditions. This article found that the transformation has happened in various ways, both as physical and socio-cultural aspects. The change in the tourist industry has meant the space and the time people dedicate to voluntary work to perform traditions is limited, so that their preservation is at risk. It is an indication of the process of waning traditions in the traditional house and is likely to affect the continuity of Balinese culture in the future.

Determining Suitable Regions for Potential Offshore Wind Farms in Bandırma Bay using Multi-criteria-Decision-Making Method

Wind energy is an environmentally friendly, profitable, and renewable energy resource. Wind energy eployment is increasing in the last two decades. In this paper, Bandırma bay which has a potential for offshore wind deployment is studied to determine the most suitable area in it and eventually potential offshore power capacity of the location is estimated. This study combines applications of Geographical Information System and Multi-Criteria- Decision-Making Methodology to obtain fast results supported with visual documentation. In this scope, eight standard criteria such as wind speed, water depth, bird migration lines are applied and 
 nvestigated in detail by using Geographical Information System. It is found that there is sufficient wind speed t the shallow level of the sea. Consequently, two locations are found to be suitable; one is on the northwest and the other one is on the north east of Bandırma, with capacities of 72 MW and 48 MW, respectively.

Photographs, GPS tracks and literature: a singular visual documentation of agricultural work

Dans ses travaux de thèse, Nina Ferrer-Gleize utilise la photographie et d’autres réalisations graphiques pour comprendre et définir le rapport qu’elle entretient avec le travail de production agricole dans une petite exploitation. Il ne s’agit donc pas à proprement parler d’un travail de sociologue, mais plutôt du cheminement expérimental d’une artiste qui, peu à peu, met au jour certains des rapports sociaux caractéristiques de la petite exploitation agricole aujourd’hui en France. La photographie se révèle comme une épreuve objectivant la réalité observée et comme base de réflexion. D’autres signes graphiques l’informent sur la réalité territoriale et socio-agronomique de la ferme. Et elle découvre chemin faisant la position qu’elle occupe en tant qu’observatrice et membre de la famille qu’elle étudie.

Resisting Erasure: Photographic Archives and Black History in Canada

This article considers the historiographical challenges brought on by dislocation and, in response, shows how longstanding Black communities in Canada have collected and preserved photographs in order to combat institutionalized modes of erasure. Specifically, it investigates the role that nineteenth century photographs play in articulating Canada as a Black transnational space—part of the discourses of the Black diaspora and Black Atlantic. The main site of this investigation is the Alvin D. McCurdy fonds at the Archives of Ontario, a collection of photographs of communities in Amherstburg, Ontario—a major terminus of the Underground Railroad. Building on recent scholarship this study investigates the discursive continuity between archive and historical narratives, and reconceptualizes the "archive" to include alternative sites and materials for the reconstruction of historically marginalized groups. These "counterarchives" can perform a recuperative role in mapping the development of communal memory and in reinterpreting dominant narratives. This article explores how photographic archives can provide crucial visual documentation of the geographies of slavery, segregation, and dispossession, spatializing acts of resistance within the Canadian landscape (McKittrick 2013).

Puzzling out “Toyrism”: Conceptualizing value co-creation in toy tourism

This study discusses the value of “toyrism,” the emerging mobile and social play patterns in association with toys through the object-based, but technologically enhanced practices of toy tourism. The study combines the value dimensions of play value afforded in the toys with the value generated in the co-creative activity of toy tourism, involving artifacts, affects, and touristic playscapes. Based on literature reviews on toy play, tourism experiences, and souvenirs, a conceptual framework was created and empirically examined through interview data. According to the results, the value of toyrism manifests in the functional value of making toys mobile and the emotional value of creative and visual documentation of toys' journeys. Furthermore, the value of toyrism is co-created through playful encounters between the player and the toy while traveling and in the process of playing: enabling experiences, documenting, and sharing the toy travels for others to enjoy through social media platforms.

Kajian Elemen Visual Pada Foto Promosi Produk Fashion Lokal ‘Cotton Ink’ di Instagram

Ketatnya persaingan bisnis fashion di Indonesia, membuat tidak semua merek produk fashion lokal dapat diterima ataupun bertahan di tengah masyarakat. ‘Cotton Ink’ merupakan salah satu merek produk fashion lokal yang mampu bersaing dan menjadi populer. Studi dokumentasi menyebutkan bahwa Instagram menjadi media promosi online yang paling efektif dalam proses pemasaran ‘Cotton Ink’, serta mampu meningkatkan penjualan produk. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji visual foto ‘Cotton Ink’ di media sosial Instagram dilihat dari elemen visual fotografi. Metode penelitian dilakukan secara deskriptif kualitatif dengan analisis konten. Teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan cara observasi, focus group discussion, studi dokumentasi visual foto Instagram, dan studi pustaka. Data dianalisis dengan analisis visual dan menggunakan pendekatan teori umum tentang fotografi serta gaya busana. Dari hasil penelitian diketahui bahwa visual foto ‘Cotton Ink’ di media sosial Instagram telah memenuhi elemen visual fotografi, serta mendapat respon yang positif dari konsumen. Adapun elemen visual fotografi yang dikaji tersebut diantaranya meliputi tonal warna, jenis pengambilan gambar, arah pandang kamera, objek foto, latar, komposisi, aksesoris dan milineris, serta atribut busana. Dengan memanfaatkan elemen visual fotografi pada setiap unggahan foto, membuat konsumen memiliki ketertarikan visual serta menumbuhkan minat beli terhadap produk. Hal tersebut menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan elemen visual fotografi dalam setiap unggahan foto di media promosi online Instagram dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai salah satu upaya untuk memperkuat strategi pemasaran digital produk fashion di era rovolusi industri 4.0 saat ini.

The HIVE: a co-created art installation about health

ObjectivesWe consider how artists explore complex health issues in a large-scale, collaborative art installation. Study designThis article describes – The HIVE – an arts-based knowledge translation (ABKT) initiative through which artists collaborated with researchers, service providers, health consumers, and carers affiliated with a major translational health research centre in Australia. MethodsWe present a case study that draws on artist statements and visual documentation to evoke the different facets of the initiative. ResultsThe eight projects encompassed by The HIVE were diverse. Artistic media included textiles, sculpture, poetry and photography. Health issues ranged from palliative care to child healthcare. ConclusionsThe HIVE was not simply an installation but a nucleus that fostered collaboration through the design and development of creative artworks. In emphasising empathy and non-verbal communication, The HIVE at once translated and expanded health(care) research and practice.

Armed with a Camera: Gender, Human Rights, and Visual Documentation in Israel/Palestine

This article offers an explanation for the use of the documenter’s gender as part of human rights politics. I examine the case of the Camera Project of B’Tselem, an Israeli human rights organization working in the Occupied Palestinian Territories. The organization, which distributes video cameras to Palestinian residents, celebrates the participation of women in the documenting project and declares that the women’s videos capture a unique point of view. In the article I question why the gender of a given witness would be emphasized as essential since there is no clear distinction in the visual outcome—that is, in the videos—between those taken by female and male photographers. I analyze visual material from the project and combine this examination with interviews with Palestinian women photographers, all of which reveals that their gender identity is not crucial to the message that the videos try to impart about Israel’s occupation. Drawing on critical feminist scholarship on the gendering of warfare and international law, I argue that preexisting cultural ideas about gender affect the organization’s strategic framing process.

An Experimental Study on Hydraulic Model of Water Intake Canal at Steam and Gas Power Plants

The performance of the canal water intake used in the Gas and Steam Power Plant (PLTGU) cooling system is carried out by testing the physical model of the water intake canal with a 1:15 scale model. In which, the canal water intake prototype has dimensions of length, L = 33.30 m, width, B = 13.40 m and height, T = 11.67 m, scaling the prototype dimensions to the model dimensions is done by complying with Froude’s law. The purpose of this paper is to determine the flow patterns that occur in the physical model and the minimum elevation allowed based on applicable guidelines [1]. The variables measured in this study were the flow velocity in the canal and also the visual documentation of the flow pattern in the canal including the formation of vortices. Tests were carried out on three variations of tidal elevation, namely HWL, MSL and LWL. The experimental results show that the flow pattern in the channel varies with depth with an average Reynolds Number value = 3.5 × 104. Vortex formation occurs at all elevations where the vortex is formed in the area near the pump. The observations show that the critical elevation of the canal is at H = 0.29 m for the model and H = 4.35 m for the prototype.

The Art of Medical Photography in Breast Surgery: Clinical, Intra-operative and Specimen Photography - Standards and Recommendations.

Medical visual documentation is an especially important source of information for medicine. Medical photography has become the main method of medical visual documentation. In breast surgery, as in all other medical branches, medical photography has a major role in education and patient follow-up. The published literature was reviewed for medical photography techniques. In co-operation with the University fine arts faculty photography unit, standards for clinical, intra-operative and specimen photography in breast surgery were analyzed and identified. As a result, we have made recommendations for obtaining high quality and academically more effective medical photographs in breast surgery.

Clothing the Nation: Representing a Distinctively Australian National Identity in World War I Memorial Architecture

Large-scale state and national memorials to World War I dead embody complex symbolism, spanning pride and grief. Built at a time when Australia sought to assert a more independent national identity, they provoke the question of how Australian designers chose to express national identity through the medium of commemorative architecture. To address this question, this article examines a range of designs submitted to three major Australian competitions held in the 1920s: for the National War Memorial of Victoria (Melbourne), the Australian War Memorial (Canberra), and the Australian Memorial (Villers-Bretonneux, France). It draws on visual documentation of these designs, unpublished competition reviews, and responses from the contemporary press, while its examination of both built and unbuilt designs enables a new analysis of contemporary architectural thought about memorials. In looking beyond the predominantly classical nature of these designs, this article discerns efforts by designers to create a deeper symbolic representation of nationhood.

The Narrative of Indonesian Cultural Heritage: Peranakan Houses in Pecinan Lasem, Indonesia

A narrative involves the process of telling all experiences related to culture and can form a new understanding of the object of research, so that a narrative affects the way people perceive historical buildings. The article focuses on narrating the historical building in Chinatown Peranakan houses in Chinatown, Lasem, intending to provide an overview of cultural acculturation, as well as the problems that occur in the Peranakan houses. This qualitative study is based on researcher’s experiences and exploratiory literature. Interview has been made and visual documentation has been taken during repeatedly observation start form December 2017 until December 2019. The discussion findings show that the Peranakan houses in Lasem have richness in cultural influence, such as Chinese, Javanese, and European, but unfortunately need serious attention from the owner, the surrounding community as well as the government. The houses are experienced being abandoned, destroyed, used on but suffer from over-decoration and are unfortunate in the event of exploitation. Thus the implementation of preservation and conservation properly should be carried out to avoid the shortage or even loss the identity.

Can PA Governance Improve PA Outcomes: A Review of the Debates

Governance in the management of biodiversity conservation serves to provide people, particularly vulnerable human societies with opportunities for livelihood, recreation and renewal, water, food, clear air, the genetic potential of wild species, cultural values and visitor opportunities to nature sites. The paper explores protected area governance processes and structures, particularly; the link between improved governance and improved PA outputs. The main components of protected area (PA) governance (including legitimacy and voice, direction, performance, fairness and accountability) in respect to linking PA governance and improved PA outcomes were examined. The paper explores the content analysis methodology to examine the link between PA governance and PA outcomes from the perspective of management effectiveness. Content analysis is a useful tool for exploring issues such as PA governance and outcomes from the perspective of the qualitative content analysis to interpret the symbolic construction of meanings. The content analysis applied both quantitatively and qualitatively approaches to systematically analyze written, verbal or visual documentation to provide a better understanding of issues relating to PA governance and how it relates to PA outcomes. Content analysis was used to develop frames from the extant literature. The results were used to make inferences about the key issues and conclusions raised in the literature under broad frameworks developed from the categorization of the content in the extant literature. The paper identified that the application of effective PA governance is critical to achieving conservation outcomes. Good PA governance that complements PA outcomes works best when factors including the coherence of rules and decision-making processes, proper networks are built, and decentralization works and is fully backed by relevant institutional reforms. Good PA governance that complements PA outcomes works best when factors including the coherence of rules and decision-making processes, proper networks are built, and decentralization works and is fully backed by relevant institutional reforms.

Impact of Geography on Adaptation for the Future Sustainability of Human Society on Earth

Over time, societies have continued to thrive but with diverse arguments relating to the pathways for survival and whether the geography-adaptation thinking provides any lessons to engage the contemporary world in order to gain a better option for human existence. This paper explored the adaptation and survival of societies from the perspective of the corresponding interdependences between humans and the environment. It also examined how successful adaptations in the past could inform future trajectories of human societies on the Earth. The paper adopted content analysis to review adaptation as a discipline of Geography by also examining adaptation from the perspective of the future sustainability of human society on Earth. In the content analysis, both quantitatively and qualitatively approaches were used to systematically analyze written, verbal or visual documentation to provide a better understanding of how geography has informed adaptation of human societies from diverse spatial and temporal frames. The paper identified that adaptations in human-environment systems worldwide, have been influenced by environmental degradation, climate change, relationships with friendly and hostile societies, and especially, the willingness and ability of societies to recognize the need for social change and resource consumption. Also, successful adaptations of past societies have been influenced largely, by the commitment of societies to solve environmental problems, application of positive culture-oriented to the protection of the environment, use of environment-friendly technologies, and access to resources. In sustaining future societies, however, human societies must commit to addressing local and global environmental changes from a mix of experiences from both past and present societies.

The United States Mediterranean Squadron and the Greek War of Independence: A Study of the Standoff on Mykonos and the Pirate Mermelechas

In response to the boom of piracy during the Greek War of Independence, Western powers sent warships to the Aegean to protect their commercial interests. Only limited attention has hitherto been given to these operations, including those by the US Mediterranean Squadron which represent "the first extensive experience of Greece by a large number of Americans." My study examines this experience beyond the traditional, albeit reductive, context of philhellenism and mishellenism. It illuminates tactical operations, political deliberations and cultural interests of the American marines in the Aegean by focusing on a violent standoff on Mykonos in 1827. The standoff is found to have been triggered by activities of the pirate Mermelechas, a previously obscure figure who is lately celebrated on the island. I identify hitherto unknown literary and artistic portraits of the pirate in the US, and I explain the American interest in him in the light of the "Greek fervor" and the passion for pirate stories which swept the country at the time. More broadly, my study exposes the role of the Mediterranean Squadron in carrying textual and visual documentation of the revolutionary Greeks across the Atlantic.

Historic Real Estate: Market Morality and the Politics of Preservation in the Early United States by Whitney Martinko

Reviewed by: Historic Real Estate: Market Morality and the Politics of Preservation in the Early United States by Whitney Martinko Richard Longstreth Historic Real Estate: Market Morality and the Politics of Preservation in the Early United States. By Whitney Martinko. Early American Studies. (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2020. Pp. x, 291. $39.95, ISBN 978-0-8122-5209-5.) Over the last quarter century, historic preservation has emerged as a major phenomenon in the reshaping of communities in the United States, but only much more recently has it begun to emerge as a significant factor in American intellectual thought—that is, how attitudes toward the physical past relate to a sense of identity and culture. The pioneering, and still very useful, volumes on the history of preservation in the United States written by Charles B. Hosmer Jr. are more a documentary narrative than an analytical exploration. Beginning with the remarkable studies of David Lowenthal, subsequent scholarship has begun to depart from examining preservation in a vacuum and to address its broader implications. As a result, we can begin to see how preservation entails much more than the documentary, legal, organizational, and technical frameworks established for protecting, repairing, or restoring historic buildings, structures, and landscapes. Preservation is a multifaceted, and sometimes contradictory, outlook toward how we retain things from the past that we consider significant through tangible or intangible means. Whitney Martinko's Historic Real Estate: Market Morality and the Politics of Preservation in the Early United States is an important addition to this growing corpus of scholarly investigations. Hosmer's first book drove home the [End Page 330] fact that preservation efforts in the United States, far from being a new phenomenon, began well before the Civil War and generated a rich array of endeavors by the early twentieth century. Martinko reveals that veneration of colonial architecture was widespread by the 1820s, and active measures to protect portions of ancient Native earthworks in the Ohio River Valley were taken well before the early republic. Preservation, as she presents it, did not simply entail rescuing threatened vestiges of the past, as in the well-known case of George Washington's headquarters at Newburgh, New York, where efforts began in 1838 and were successfully consummated in 1850. Preservation could also mean keeping a country estate intact and in the family. While rebuilding the main house in a more modern vein, preservation could also entail saving fragments and undertaking visual documentation, including images in publications. While we would like to think that we are far more accomplished at saving historic properties today than two centuries ago, Martinko's investigation shows how contemporary some of the attitudes in the early republic seem today. The Native earthworks were partially saved to enhance the appeal to attract settlers to the Ohio Company's real estate venture in what became Marietta, Ohio. Some merchants in the Northeast sought to capitalize on their "ancient" buildings as preferable to the new commercial buildings of the 1830s and 1840s (p. 22). Many persons sympathetic to the past assumed a moral high ground, insisting that the most financially lucrative development was not necessarily the optimal one. Others sought to adapt old buildings as a means of remaining economically competitive. Martinko presents the many aspects of considering the historic built environment between the late eighteenth and the mid-nineteenth centuries in such a clear, thoughtful, and often engaging way that it can be easy for readers to lose sight of what a formidable endeavor this study represents. Some of the work discussed is well known to specialists in the history of preservation, but much of it lies in previously unexplored territory, and even finding the material was no mean feat. The result is not only a very rich investigation but also a revelatory framework for understanding how Americans have considered their physical heritage. Richard Longstreth George Washington University Copyright © 2021 The Southern Historical Association

Plurilingual education and pedagogical plurilanguaging in an elementary school in Japan

In this article, we examine a plurilingual practice in Japan – a country traditionally described as being extremely monolingual. The contribution explores innovative teaching that disrupts monolingual ideologies and how we view TESOL practice. The context of the study is a public elementary school situated in western Japan. We follow the classes of one teacher to discuss her use of pedagogical plurilanguaging as intentional instructional strategies that integrate several languages and cultural viewpoints to support the development of language and content learning, plurilingual awareness and multiperspectivity. We explain how we think it echoes with, and differs from, the concept of translanguaging. Data sources include audio and video recordings of classroom interactions, visual documentation, researchers’ field-notes, teachers’ and learners’ reflective journaling, as well as learners’ productions. The study has implications for teacher training and curriculum design and resituates the teaching of English as a world language in a more complex and multifaceted way.

Monrovia Modern: Urban Form and Political Imagination in Liberia, Danny Hoffman

Reviewed by: Monrovia Modern: Urban Form and Political Imagination in Liberia by Danny Hoffman Barbara Hoffman BOOK REVIEW of Hoffman, Danny. 2017. Monrovia Modern: Urban Form and Political Imagination in Liberia. Durham, NC: Duke University Press. 226 pp. $99.95 (cloth), $26.95 (paper). In this handsome volume, with more than one hundred images, most of them well-produced, glossy color photos, visual ethnographer Danny Hoffman, an anthropologist who has spent years documenting the impact of war on the city and on the lives of its youth, undertakes the explication of the life of and in four iconic buildings in Monrovia. As in his previous work, he focuses principally on the youth, especially those who fought in the war, and how they "inhabit the material world around them" (xviii). The book is a welcome hybrid, combining ethnography with visual documentation and architectural analysis to articulate how lives are shaped by and shape the city in which they are lived. It adds to a growing body of anthropological studies of the built environment and contributes to theoretical discussions of the materiality of architecture as an anthropological subject (e.g., Buchli 2013; Ingold 2013; Van der Horn 2009). It follows Hoffman's 2011 book, The War Machines: Young Men and Violence in Sierra Leone and Liberia, which scrutinized life in the barracks as an organizing principle. This book explores the decade after the cessation of war, with its changes in demographic flows, access to capital, and global trends in structures of labor and profit. Hoffman highlights three assumptions that form the basis for this book. Following Heidegger's assertion that "mortals must ever learn to dwell," Hoffman asserts that individuals' ways of living in urban space evolve through experiment and repetition. In Monrovia, recent experimentation has resulted from urban warfare that changes the physical, psychic, social, and economic systems, but also fosters radicality and reactionary conservatism as a creative response to war's destructive consequences. During such periods of profound change, politics and economics may move in entirely different directions. In his introduction, Hoffman offers an overview of how these assumptions will be illustrated and supported in the following chapters. The ability to "dwell" that his youth subjects must acquire no longer aims to produce innovative forms; it is, instead, a learning of how to "inhabit ruins" (4). Chapter 1, "Live Dangerously, My Brothers: Ex-Combatants and Political Economy of Space," is an ethnography through vignettes of young citizens who have recently laid down their arms to attempt to survive a precarious residence in a city with few assurances of security or motivations for [End Page 110] innovation to offer. The next four chapters offer a Tedlockian narrative through photowriting about the political economy of four edifices. Each of these photo-essay chapters ends with a "photographic postscript," the author's interpretation of the photographs displayed therein. Chapter 2, "The Ministry of Defense: Excessive Architecture," explicates, through ten photos and eighteen pages of text, the rise and fall of a brutalist monument to Samuel Doe and his generation's aspirations to permanent power. Chapter 3, "E. J. Royce: The Corporate (Post)Modern," describes a towering structure built to testify to Liberia's modernity and support of American-style free enterprise—the blind from which, just two decades later, Charles Taylor and his troops hunted the rebel forces as they entered the city. Hoffman argues that both uses served violent economies. Chapter 4, "Hotel Africa: The Uncritical Ruin," speaks of a former international landmark in the city, one that has been consumed from the inside and is now simply "dust holding shape" (116), with little significance beyond the lack of any meaning in the city's skyline, other than a reminder of the city's decline. Therein lies its purpose in this book: to stand in contrast to the other buildings whose stories of ruination abound. Chapter 5, "Liberia Broadcasting System: Three Utopias," describes another type of postwar building, one that is not in ruins, but also not in use. Chapter 6, "Finding Urban Form: A Coda," attempts to offer insight on the future of African urban built forms, such as those elucidated in the previous chapters. Although certain possibilities for dwelling have...

Coffeehouses (Re)Appropriated: Counterpublics and Cultural Resistance in Tabriz, Iran

Over the last decade, traditional coffeehouses have attracted increasing interest in the city of Tabriz, Iran, in the context of consistent state monitoring and restriction of public life—particularly so among non-Persian ethnolinguistic populations. Relying on a combination of ethnographic methods (observations, interviews, and visual documentation), this article explores the everyday life of two coffeehouses in Tabriz through a theoretical lens of third place, counterpublics, and everyday ethics of resistance. Coffeehouses are currently retaining functions as third places; cross-generational venues for preserving cultural, artistic, and linguistic identity as well as institutions of social defiance, resting on elaborate ethical codes and tacit social agreements. Through mechanisms of everyday ethics and cultural practices re-connecting to local history, cultural creativity, and language, insiders are distinguished from outsiders, serving to build trust, security, and solidarity in the context of Iranian state monitoring and restricted social space.

Between Silences: The Coronation of Portuguese Medieval Kings (12th–14th Centuries)

The coronations of Portugal’s first dynasty constitute a complex topic. Approaching the theme requires understanding that an omission of words in written documentation can both affirm and deny possibilities. Likewise, visual documentation, such as illuminations, sculptures and other figurative arts, is scarce, raising a significant number of questions and thus is not trustworthy as a historical source. For this reason, the study of Portuguese coronations is filled with questions and silences. Art does not testify to these ceremonies, but shows that Portuguese kings valued regalia pertaining to both religious and secular ceremonies affirming their power, and that those insignias were different from those used by French or English kings in the same time period. In this study, I will use art, particularly funerary sculpture, but also objects with iconographic value, to demonstrate how these reflect elements of thought and the emotional pulsar of the various European societies that produced them.