Visual Connection Research Articles

4D Printing: Research Focuses and Prospects

As an emerging technology in the field of additive manufacturing, 4D printing is highly disruptive to traditional manufacturing processes. Therefore, it is necessary to systematically summarize the research on 4D printing to promote the development of related industries and academic research. However, there is still an obvious gap in the visual connection between 4D printing theory and application research. We collected 2070 studies from 2013 on 4D printing from the core collection of Web of Science. We used VOSviewer 1.6.20 and CiteSpace software 6.3.3 to visualize the references and keywords to explore focuses and trends in 4D printing using scientometrics. In addition, real-world applications of 4D printing were analyzed based on the literature. The results showed that “tissue engineering applications” is the most prominent focus. In addition, “shape recovery”, “liquid crystal elastomer”, “future trends”, “bone tissue engineering”, “laser powder bed fusion”, “cervical spine”, “4D food printing”, “aesthetic planning” are also major focuses. From 2013 to 2015, focuses such as “shape memory polymers” and “composites” evolved into “fabrication”. From 2015 to 2018, the focus was on “technology” and “tissue engineering”. After 2018, “polylactic acid”, “cellulose”, and “regenerative medicine” became emerging focuses. Second, emerging focuses, such as polylactic acid and smart polymers, have begun to erupt and have become key research trends since 2022. “5D printing”, “stability” and “implants” may become emerging trends in the future. “4D + Food”, “4D + Cultural and Creative”, “4D + Life” and “4D + Clothing” may become future research trends. Third, 4D printing has been widely used in engineering manufacturing, biomedicine, food printing, cultural and creative life, and other fields. Strengthening basic research will greatly expand its applications in these fields and continuously increase the number of applicable fields.

ANALYSIS OF THE EFFICIENCY OF TRADITIONAL TECHNOLOGIES OF WATER PREPARATION OF THE KREMENCHUK RESERVOIR OF THE DNIPRO RIVER TO ENSURE DRINKING NEEDS

An analysis of the efficiency of the surface water treatment systems of the Dnipro reservoirs when their quality is changed to ensure the normative indicators of the quality of drinking water were carried out. The study of the effectiveness of traditional water treatment technologies was carried out by analyzing the results of laboratory studies of source and drinking water at the Dnipro water treatment plant with water intake from the Kremenchuk Reservoir (data from the Svitlovodsk Water and Sewage Services (SWS) of the Regional Municipal Production Enterprise (RMPE) of the Dnipro-Kirovograd), establishing correlations of quality indicators and assessing the state of water resources by the requirements of water legislation. The treatment plants of the Dnipro water supply station are not designed to treat water with a high content of biogenic substances during active phytoplankton vegetation, and under such conditions, increased doses of preliminary chlorination are used. As a result, water is polluted with residual chlorine and organochlorine. An increase in the dose of aluminum-containing coagulants in the corresponding period leads to an increase in the aluminum content in drinking water to the limit of the normative value (0,5 mg/dm3). According to the results of research in drinking water, turbidity was found to be 1,4 higher and permanganate oxidizability 1,3 higher than the standard content; excesses of color, iron, and residual chlorine content were found only sporadically and were on average within the upper limits of normative values. Correlation analysis (Pearson and Spearman correlations methods) of the influence of temperature on the following hydrometric, chemical, and physical factors was carried out: changes in turbidity, color, and changes in the concentration of total iron and ammonia. The analysis confirmed the visual connection of oxygen with temperature and water level and the influence of factors on oxygen concentration. The practical aspects of phytoplankton extraction during water intake from Dnipro reservoirs and water treatment at stations have gained further scientific justification.

Drone-Facilitated Real-Time Video-Guided Feedback Helps to Improve the Quality of Lay Bystander Basic Life Support. A Randomized Controlled Simulation Trial

Objectives Telephone instructions are commonly used to improve cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) by lay bystanders. This usually implies an audio but no visual connection between the provider and the emergency medical telecommunicator. We aimed to investigate whether video-guided feedback via a camera drone enhances the quality of CPR. Methods We conducted a randomized controlled simulation trial. Lay rescuers performed 8 min of CPR on an objective feedback manikin. Participants were randomized to receive telephone instructions with (intervention group) or without (control group) a drone providing a visual connection with the telecommunicator after a 2-min run-in phase. Performed work (total compression depth minus total lean depth) was the primary outcome. Secondary outcomes were the proportion of effective chest compressions, average compression depth, subjective physical strain measured every 2 min, and dexterity in the nine-hole peg test after the scenario. Outcomes were compared using the t- and Mann Whitney-U tests. A two-sided p-value of <0.05 was considered significant. Results We included 27 individuals (14 (52%) female, mean age 41 ± 14 years). Performed work was greater in the intervention than in the control group (41.3 ± 7.0 vs. 33.9 ± 10.9 m; absolute difference 7.5, 95% CI 1.4 to 14.8; p = 0.046), with higher average compression depth (49 ± 7 vs. 40 ± 13 mm; p = 0.041), and higher proportions of adequate chest compressions (43 (IQR 14–60) vs. 3 (0–29) %; p = 0.041). We did not find any significant differences regarding the remaining secondary outcomes. Conclusion Video-guided feedback via drones might be a helpful tool to enhance the quality of telephone-assisted CPR in lay bystanders.

Imperial Influence and Innovation: The Good Emperors and The Bronze Equestrian Statue of Marcus Aurelius

Roman portraiture provides insight into the ways in which political and social ideologies of the imperial dynasties manifested in imagery. Such iconography legitimized emperors' authority by simultaneously cultivating a visual connection to past leaders and promoting the agenda of the contemporary dynasty. While drawing upon the symbolism of previous sovereigns and establishing iconographic elements materialized within dynastic imagery, it is also evident in the representations of individual emperors. This paper explores the presence of influence and innovation within the imperial representation of the Good Emperors and focuses on examining the Bronze Equestrian Statue of Marcus Aurelius. It highlights the evolution of imperial portraiture within the adoptive succession of the Good Emperors and how such imagery successfully perpetuated values of social welfare, military dominance, and intellectual growth and served to reinforce the continuity of this dynasty. Moreover, through a comprehensive analysis of the sculpture of Marcus Aurelius, it seeks to understand the symbolic significance of the monument with respect to the gestures, garb, and notable facial features associated with this emperor. This representation of Marcus Aurelius embodies the essence of influence and innovation as he is depicted in a manner congruent with that of his predecessors and revolutionizes the incorporation of insight into the psychological state of a Caesar.

Convolutional neural network-based classification of glaucoma using optic radiation tissue properties

BackgroundSensory changes due to aging or disease can impact brain tissue. This study aims to investigate the link between glaucoma, a leading cause of blindness, and alterations in brain connections.MethodsWe analyzed diffusion MRI measurements of white matter tissue in a large group, consisting of 905 glaucoma patients (aged 49-80) and 5292 healthy individuals (aged 45-80) from the UK Biobank. Confounds due to group differences were mitigated by matching a sub-sample of controls to glaucoma subjects. We compared classification of glaucoma using convolutional neural networks (CNNs) focusing on the optic radiations, which are the primary visual connection to the cortex, against those analyzing non-visual brain connections. As a control, we evaluated the performance of regularized linear regression models.ResultsWe showed that CNNs using information from the optic radiations exhibited higher accuracy in classifying subjects with glaucoma when contrasted with CNNs relying on information from non-visual brain connections. Regularized linear regression models were also tested, and showed significantly weaker classification performance. Additionally, the CNN was unable to generalize to the classification of age-group or of age-related macular degeneration.ConclusionsOur findings indicate a distinct and potentially non-linear signature of glaucoma in the tissue properties of optic radiations. This study enhances our understanding of how glaucoma affects brain tissue and opens avenues for further research into how diseases that affect sensory input may also affect brain aging.

Approach to the visual landscape of the Gor river megalithic necropolises (Granada, Spain)

This paper presents the results of several visibility analysis carried out upon the 151 preserved megaliths of the Gor valley (Granada, Andalusia, Spain) as well as upon the 5 known settlements in the area with Chalcolithic chronology. In order to analyse the relationship between megaliths, settlements and territory during the Late Prehistory in Southeastern Iberia, the analyses carried out have been intervisibility and individual, cumulative and total or inherent viewshed. The results underline the existence of a noticeable network of visual connection between the megaliths as a whole, as well as with the settlements, especially in the middle river course. This interrelationship is only broken by some more distant necropolises that were already noted as they differ from the rest in both topographical and formal aspects. The results of cumulative and total viewshed show the existence of a defined strategy to choose megaliths locations, in order to visually control areas of the terrain that are not naturally privileged as observation points. The conclusions clearly point to the existence of an increasing network aimed at achieving the demarcation and total control over the exploited territory, creating a new landscape mainly linked to funerary monuments, from which ancestors tie past to present for defining territorial appropriation.

DETERMINATION OF THE PERFORMANCE OF LIGHT SHELVES FOR MORE EFFECTIVE BENEFIT FROM DAYLIGHT IN BUILDINGS

Studies on the efficient use of daylight in sustainable architectural design and energy conservation are increasing. Indoor lighting methods include daylighting, artificial, and integrated lighting. Basic priorities in lighting are such as “effective use of daylight”, “uniform illumination in space”, “glare control”, “visual connection with the external environment” and “daylight harvesting.” Advanced contemporary systems include light shelves and light tubes. Light shelves consist of horizontal or slightly angled elements that can be applied to the inner and outer surfaces of the window openings, usually at eye level, to block the daylight or to reflect it to the ceiling, integrated with the facade, or added later. In this research, light shelves, which is one of the advanced daylighting methods, are emphasized. Daylight analysis method was carried out with the help of a physical model and computer simulation techniques using DiaLux software. To effectively utilize the daylight factor in the internal volume through light shelf, certain parameters such as the height and angle of the light shelf, date and time, and direction of the room's opening, play a crucial role. In daylight analyzes, these parameters were subjected to experimental testing both in physical models and through computer simulations. As a result of the comparison of the obtained data, alternatives that will provide the opportunity to benefit from daylight in the most effective way have been identified. The results obtained have unique value and widespread impact in terms of sustainable architecture and energy saving. The study's originality lies in its specific measurements of the latitude in which it is located, as it is the first time the study is conducted under Eskisehir's conditions. In addition, the examination of the advantages and disadvantages of the light shelf in specific combinations is another original side of the project.

Impacts of connections to the outside on underground space occupants’ psychophysiological health: A virtual reality-based experimental approach

Underground space occupants tend to face more psychophysiological health risks than their aboveground counterparts. Enabling a certain level of connection (e.g., physical, visual, or a mixture thereof) to the outside environments has been recognized as a way to mitigate the risks. However, their impacts on occupants’ psychophysiological health have not been known with any precision. This research, therefore, aims to improve our understanding of the impacts of connection to the outside on occupants’ psychophysiological health. In reality, it would be too expensive to build the physical connections and test their impacts. Virtual reality (VR) can circumvent this problem by bringing a person to immersive environments to carry out experiments. This study firstly developed four VR scenes with different connection designs. Then, it recruited forty-seven participants randomly assigned to the four scenes for the experiments. The participants’ psychophysiological responses, including mental workload, alertness, and mental fatigue, were measured continuously using electroencephalogram (EEG) signals. A series of tests, including Wilcoxon signed-rank and Kruskal-Wallis tests, were performed. The results indicate that i) physical connection to the outside environments has no significant impact on underground space occupants’ psychophysiological states under stress, and ii) while visual connection has no significant impact on occupants’ mental workload and fatigue, it buffers the increase in their alertness levels under stressful situations. Low alertness levels are associated with creativity and novelty. Thus, visual connection to the outside environments is recommended for underground spaces for creative purposes (e.g., art studios and creative media production). This research provides a significant reference for better harnessing underground space by considering their connection to the outside environments.

Impact of biophilic design parameters on university students’ place attachment and quality of campus life

In architectural practice and academic research, there is a growing concern about preserving the connectedness with nature on university campuses through biophilic design and maximising its rich impacts on students. Since place attachment (PA) and quality of campus life (QCL) are important factors affecting students, the current study aims to identify the impact of physical, visual, and auditory connections with nature (biophilic design parameters) on PA (place identity and place dependence) and QCL (self-reported physical health, mental well-being, social health, and academic success). Data from the survey of 378 university students were analysed using Spearman correlation and descriptive statistics. Results demonstrate that physical and visual connection with nature correlates with place dependence and self-reported physical health; additionally, the auditory connection with nature correlates with place identity and self-reported social health. The outcomes of the present study increase our understanding of the importance of biophilic design on campus, and offer practical implications and design suggestions for landscape designers and architects to enhance students’ PA and QCL.

Large-scale functional network connectivity mediates the association between nigral neuromelanin hypopigmentation and motor impairment in Parkinson's disease.

Neuromelanin hypopigmentation within substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc) reflects the loss of pigmented neurons, which in turn contributes to the dysfunction of the nigrostriatal and striato-cortical pathways in Parkinson's disease (PD). Our study aims to investigate the relationships between SN degeneration manifested by neuromelanin reduction, functional connectivity (FC) among large-scale brain networks, and motor impairment in PD. This study included 68 idiopathic PD patients and 32 age-, sex- and education level-matched healthy controls who underwent neuromelanin-sensitive magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), functional MRI, and motor assessments. SN integrity was measured using the subregional contrast-to-noise ratio calculated from neuromelanin-sensitive MRI. Resting-state FC maps were obtained based on the independent component analysis. Subsequently, we performed partial correlation and mediation analyses in SN degeneration, network disruption, and motor impairment for PD patients. We found significantly decreased neuromelanin within SN and widely altered inter-network FCs, mainly involved in the basal ganglia (BG), sensorimotor and frontoparietal networks in PD. In addition, decreased neuromelanin content was negatively correlated with the dorsal sensorimotor network (dSMN)-medial visual network connection (P = 0.012) and dSMN-BG connection (P = 0.004). Importantly, the effect of SN neuromelanin hypopigmentation on motor symptom severity in PD is partially mediated by the increased connectivity strength between BG and dSMN (indirect effect = - 1.358, 95% CI: - 2.997, - 0.147). Our results advanced our understanding of the interactions between neuromelanin hypopigmentation in SN and altered FCs of functional networks in PD and suggested the potential of multimodal metrics for early diagnosis and monitoring the response to therapies.

From the visual connections of the nuraghi of Sinis to the submerged nuragic city of Conca Illonis in the pond of Cabras.

In literature, the nuraghi, megalithic towers, are studied as separete cases. The proposed study aims instead at analysing them as a whole taking as a empirical reference in the case of Sinis, within the territory of Cabras (central-western Sardinia). By means of a visual connection between the various nuraghi, it is possible to trace 'paths' of information exchange with which it is hypothesised that the ancient architectures interacted in synergy in order to protect their mother city, currently under the waters of the Cabras pond, in the Conca Illonis area. The results of the analysis allow us to imagine a new possible analysis model that illustrates the functioning of the nuraghi and a nuragic dwelling settlement of considerably larger dimensions than any known to date in Sardinia.

The Methods of Function and Space Design in Young People's Mental Health Center under the Concept of Autonomy

Based on developmental psychology, young patients (12-25 years old) should be encouraged to exercise self-determination and self-exploration through spatial design for the enhancement of intrinsic motivation, to realize self-awareness, and rebuild social relationships during long-term self-regulation, and to increase participation and effectiveness in psychotherapy. Considering the unique developmental stages of young people, the feasibility of person-centered care and peer support services in the therapeutic model is analyzed, proposing that spontaneous partnerships and respect for patients' unconscious behaviors are essential for achieving autonomy. Emphasizing that patients should be guided naturally rather than coercively through spatial design; the ambiguity of the space requires reasonable control; the functional area should have differential settings by the type of place that requires different sensory stimulation levels; the transition from private space to semi-private space to public space should also be well-organized through visual connection, waiting areas, and the chance to withdraw from the therapies.

Seeing People and Seeing God: Rethinking the Active and Contemplative Lives in Thomas Malory’s Morte Darthur

ABSTRACT It has been observed that Thomas Malory’s Morte Darthur exhibits the active and contemplative lives much discussed in medieval England as modes of Christian living. However, no one has yet explored how Malory examines the lives by foregrounding sight, which in the Morte is vital to action and contemplation. Sight brings people into relation with one another and with God but it can also mesmerize minds and overwhelm bodies. This article argues that Malory stresses the need to educate the sense of sight and better understand visual connection. His portrayal of seeing helps elucidate medieval England’s evolving models of sense perception and religious life.

Effects of Biophilic Design interventions on university students' cognitive performance: An audio-visual experimental study in an Immersive Virtual office Environment

The human-nature connection should be a key component in the design of supportive and comfortable indoor environments. An interest in introducing Nature Based Solutions indoor via Biophilic Design (BD) intervention recently emerged. Related benefits for work efficiency have been identified in lab-studies without the possibility to perform preliminary design assessments. Recently, VR has been adopted thanks to its advantages for data collection in highly realistic environments. To date, most of the research on BD has been focused on the visual connection with nature even if people experience multiple senses simultaneously. In this paper, a new design approach for preliminary assessment of BD intervention in VR is presented. A 3x3 between-subjects design study is presented, comparing three office layouts (Indoor Green, Outdoor Green and Non-Biophilic) and three acoustic scenarios (Office, Office + Traffic and Office + Nature). 198 participants performed one test session completing three cognitive tasks for each acoustic condition, and survey. The results of the sense of presence and immersivity (visual), the sensory congruency (acoustic) and cybersickness disorders suggested that VR is an effective tool to preliminary evaluate the potential of BD interventions (ecological validity). The findings of the cognitive tests revealed that audio-visual connection with nature can positively influence working memory, inhibition and task-switching performance. The acoustic factor exhibited a higher improvement effect compared to the visual factor, between 23 % and 71 % against 12 %–39 %. Moreover, the Natural sound in the Indoor Green condition was the most supportive visual*acoustic condition while Traffic in the Non-Biophilic environment was the most disruptive one.

Enhancing customer dining experience through biophilic design: A case study analysis of restaurants

Biophilic design (BD) is the integration of nature into built environments to best improve human well-being. This paper aims to investigate how biophilic elements affect the dining experience in particular Klang Valley, Malaysia, restaurants. The study applies quantitative as well as qualitative approaches. This research examined the BD elements present in many restaurant settings using qualitative observation. In line with accepted BD theory, the findings were documented and investigated utilising site images. Apart from the qualitative studies, a quantitative survey was carried out among customers of the restaurants to assess their dining experiences with particular reference to the integration of BD elements. This research aimed to explore the effect of BD implementation on dining experiences of restaurant occupants and maybe identify the preferred BD of the restaurant by means of a purposive sample technique. The survey findings imply that the dining experience is much improved by include BD components, particularly those that provide a visual connection to nature. This research provides important new perspectives on the usage of BD in Malaysian restaurants, therefore guiding designers and architects in selecting and implementing effective biophilic approaches to possibly improve customers satisfaction.

Contributed Session I: Specific and non-linear effects of glaucoma on optic radiation tissue properties.

Changes in sensory input with aging and disease affect brain tissue properties. To establish the link between glaucoma, the most prevalent cause of irreversible blindness, and changes in major brain connections, we characterized white matter tissue properties in diffusion MRI measurements in a large sample of subjects with glaucoma (N=905; age 49-80) and healthy controls (N=5,292; age 45-80) from the UK Biobank. Confounds due to group differences were mitigated by matching a sub-sample of controls to glaucoma subjects. A convolutional neural network (CNN) accurately classified whether a subject has glaucoma using information from the primary visual connection to cortex (the optic radiations, OR), but not from non-visual brain connections. On the other hand, regularized linear regression could not classify glaucoma, and the CNN did not generalize to classification of age-group or of age-related macular degeneration. This suggests a unique non-linear signature of glaucoma in OR tissue properties.

LANDSCAPE DESIGN METHODS OF THE POST-INDUSTRIAL ENVIRONMENT

The actual problem of today - the restoration of the post-industrial environment in cities - is highlighted in this article. This is an important component of the socio-economic development of cities. The relevance of this study lies in the ecological rehabilitation of post-industrial territories by restoring their natural potential and improving the environment; elimination of sources of danger in abandoned industrial territories; providing “new life” to the post-industrial environment; increasing the artistic and aesthetic appeal of the studied objects; saving financial resources by reducing the cost of urban development, obtaining the necessary social and recreational facilities on the existing post-industrial base.&#x0D; Special emphasis is placed on the revitalization of territories with the possibility of creating landscape objects. The post-industrial environment is an excellent base for setting up places for recreation, communication, and entertainment. The potential of such areas and the means of landscape design, effective in their renewal, have been clarified. The methods of landscape design aimed at the formation of recreational space based on the preservation of cultural and historical and restoration of ecological and artistic and aesthetic values of the post-industrial object have been revealed. The leading concepts of this process with the corresponding methods of landscape design are highlighted: 1 – “Water is the key object of the renewed post-industrial environment”, 2 – “Terrain – the unique skeleton of the post-industrial landscape”, 3 – “Vegetation – the carrier of regional traditions of landscape art”, and 4 – “Small architectural forms – elements of identification and visual connection of the updated space with its industrial past”. &#x0D; The formation of recreational “magnets of attraction” based on the post-industrial environment is a reality. It determines their investment attractiveness and promotes the most effective use and socio-economic development of the city as a whole. In addition, the use of the identified techniques can help in solving issues related to ecological rehabilitation and “new life” of the post-industrial environment, eliminating one of the sources of danger in the city, increasing its aesthetic appeal, as well as preserving financial resources.

Analisis Naratif Product Placement Daihatsu dalam Web Series Mulih

The current information age provides various ways that are used by certain parties in marketing their products, one of which is by using video media to create Web series. This study aims to examine the four-episode Mulih web series which airs on the Daihatsu Sahabatku channel. In this web series, several Daihatsu product lines appear as vehicles that support the narrative of the actors. This study dissects Product Placement practices conducted by PT. Astra Daihatsu Motor with the concept of Product Placement Dimension namely Visual, Auditory and Plot Connection and Elaboration Likelihood Model. This study uses narrative analysis and conducts interviews with some viewers of the Mulih Web Series. The results show that the Plot Connection dimension dominates the Web Series with a storyline that focuses on Daihatsu vehicles. Apart from that, the audience also indicated that there was a difference in the elaboration resulting from watching this Web Series. Of the four informants, there were at least two informants who leaned towards the central path while the other two leaned towards the peripheral path. The formation of this elaboration is based on the background or motivation of the audience and the ability to think what they can do. Daihatsu seems to be trying to give the audience subtle hints without bringing up the technical aspects, but more about how the story is told.&#x0D; Keywords: Web Series; Product Placements; Elaboration Likelihood Model; Narrative Analysis

Aesthetic relations and their role in achieving sensory excitement between interior and exterior spaces

The current research deals with the study of aesthetic relations in the field of interior design and the extent to which its mechanisms achieve sensory stimulation between the internal and external spaces, to generate a continuous visual connection that is an extension of it, achieving in turn sensory stimulation for the users of those spaces. The internal and external spaces meet the desired purpose of feeling pleasure and beauty.” The current research aims to “discover the nature of aesthetic relations between the internal and external spaces and the extent to which mechanisms can achieve sensory stimulation in residential spaces.” The first topic included the concept of aesthetic relations, sensory excitement, and perception at the level The relationship between the part and the whole on the one hand, and sensory stimulation and the laws of perceptual organization according to the Gestalt laws on the other hand, while the second topic dealt with the concept of external spaces and internal spaces and their borders, leading to the third topic that dealt with the aesthetic relations between the inside and the outside with applications for global internal spaces of the type (outdoor living room ) for the living space in the residential building in a way that secures closeness to the aesthetic completion of relations and arouses in the recipient a sense of pleasure and attraction, which made the designers emphasize working according to this type of space according to modern technologies of our current era and at the level of material and lighting. The research reached a set of conclusions, which It represented an objective analysis of the aesthetic relationships that make sensory excitement achievable in interior design, including:1-Aesthetic relations were embodied through unity and repetition in the use of plants that achieve sensory stimulation at the level of the principle of perceptual organization (gestalt), through the principle of convergence between the external and internal spaces by employing green plants to enhance belonging to each other, as well as the principle of convergence in the employment of environmentally friendly materials in the furnishing elements. to enhance unity.2-Visual equilibrium contributes to achieving sensory excitement through varying the degree of transparency and what it achieves of openness through continuity and an extension of visual penetration between the external and internal spaces and in a smooth manner, by employing transparent materials such as glass in the facades, walls and barriers overlooking the outside in a continuous manner.

Impact of Connection with Nature on Users’ Satisfaction in Architecture Design Studios

This paper attempts to investigate the effect of visual and non-visual connection with nature of biophilic design patterns on users’ satisfaction in the architectural design studios. The study proposes how the availability of biophilic design patterns in interior spaces reflects on the user’s satisfaction level focusing on the patterns that related to connection with nature, as they spend long hours in these interior spaces according to their curriculums. The study data was collected from seven target universities from different cities in KRI, each with specific climates and design criteria. The data tool was a survey questionnaire distributed among 355 participants in separate design studios with different groups of students to achieve accuracy and reliability in the results. The results showed a direct relation between the presence of nature (visually and non-visually) and students’ satisfaction, and the following results were obtained in comparison with the study hypothesis: The one-way ANOVA statistical results showed that users were not satisfied with visual connection with nature, particularly indoor-outdoor connection, on the other hand, the satisfaction level for non-visual connection was poor as there were very limited resources to pursue this parameter. Thus, the study has concluded that the adoption of Biophilic design patterns should be taken more seriously in the future to achieve higher levels of user satisfaction. This case study allows appreciating the importance of connection with nature in affecting satisfaction level and strengthening the affiliation with nature.