Visual Aspects Research Articles

A New Default Colormap for ParaView.

ParaView is one of the most prominent software tools for scientific visualization used by scientists around the world. Color is a primary conduit to visually map data to its representation and, thus, enable investigation and interpretation of the data. Colormap selection has a significant impact on the data revealed; its design and selection is a critical aspect of scientific data visualization. A common choice for a user is the program's default colormap, so careful consideration of this default is consequential. Although the current default colormap in ParaView, a succession of hues from cool blue to warm red, has served the community well, research shows that more nuanced colormap configurations increase discriminability while maintaining other critical metrics. These findings inspire us to revisit and update the default colors in ParaView. Here we present a new ParaView default colormap, the criteria and methods of development, and example visualizations and analytic metrics.

Comparative Evaluation of Surface Roughness and Color Stability Between Single-Shade Composite and Multi-Shade Composite: An In Vitro Study.

Introduction Composite resin materials are a popular choice for direct tooth-colored restorative purposes due to their excellent aesthetic qualities and versatility. The key determinants that impact the visual aspect of the restoration are gloss, surface roughness, and color stability. Research indicates that there is a direct correlation between the level of roughness on a composite resin surface and the likelihood of discoloration. The aim of this study was to compare and evaluate the surface roughness and color stability of a single-shade and multi-shade composite resin after subjecting it to toothbrush simulation and immersion in coffee and an aerated drink. Materials and methods Ten single-shade composite resinsand 10 multi-shade composite resins were packed into a Teflon mold and light cured. Pre-operative surface roughness values were evaluated using a surface profilometer. Toothbrush abrasion was simulated using a toothbrushing simulator. All these resin molds were then evaluated for initial color using a spectrophotometer machine (Konica Minolta, Japan). Five resin molds were then immersed in a beaker containing coffee for seven days and five resin molds were immersed into a beaker containing an aerated drink for seven days. Following this, the resin molds were re-evaluated for color stability using a spectrophotometer machine. Results The results of this study show that single-shade composite showed increased discoloration when compared with multi-shade composite resin. Also, there is a statistical difference between the single-shade composite and multi-shade composite when it comes to surface roughness and discoloration. Conclusion With the limitations of the present study, it can be concluded that single-shade composite resins have more discoloration potential in beverages than multi-shade composite resins.

Ultrasound-assisted extraction and encapsulation of betalain from prickly pear: Process optimization, in-vitro digestive stability, and development of functional gummies

The study aimed to extract and encapsulate betalain pigment from prickly pear (Opuntia ficus-indica) using ultrasound-assisted extraction and eco-friendly glycerol. Subsequent analysis encompassed assessing its thermal stability, shelf-life, bio-accessibility, and biological properties. The process optimization employed Response Surface Methodology (RSM), focusing on glycerol concentration (20–50 %), sample to solvent ratio (1:10–1:20), temperature (30–60 °C), and time (10–30 min). Optimal conditions were determined as 23.15 % glycerol, 1:10 sample to solvent ratio, 10.43 min treatment time, and 31.15 °C temperature. Under these conditions, betalain content reached 858.28 mg/L with a 93.76 % encapsulation efficiency. Thermal stability tests (80–180 °C; 30 & 60 min) showed degradation of betalain with higher temperatures and longer durations, affecting the visual aspect (ΔE) of the pigment. Encapsulated betalain exhibited favorable shelf stability, with optimal storage life of 404.27 days at 4 °C in amber conditions, compared to 271.99 days at 4 °C without amber, 141.92 days at 25 °C without amber, and 134.22 days at 25 °C with amber. Bio-accessibility of encapsulated betalain was significantly higher (2.05 ± 0.03 %) than conventionally extracted pigment (1.03 ± 0.09 %). The encapsulated pigment displayed strong anti-inflammatory properties in dosages of 2–20 µL, with no cytotoxic effects. Additionally, incorporation into gummies was successful and visually approved by sensory panellists. Glycerol proved to be a green encapsulating agent for betalain, offering high shelf life and bio-accessibility, making it suitable for food industry applications. The encapsulated pigment demonstrated robust thermal stability and shelf life, making it suitable for food industry applications. This study highlights glycerol’s potential as a sustainable alternative for natural pigment extraction.

Poetic Metaphors Related to Birds: A Conceptual Blending in Puisi-Puisi Cinta, WS. Rendra

Metaphors are commonly used to vividly convey deeply abstract human emotions. This is because human emotions are indeed an abstract – conceptual. In the poem of Puisi-Puisi Cinta, the poet employs a great deal of emotional poetic metaphors relating to birds in order to communicate the variety of feelings that are experienced by the characters, such as features, roles, and visual aspects. This paper aims to study the emotional poetic metaphors related to birds in Puisi-Puisi Cinta using conceptual blending theory. The research data in the study consists the poetic metaphors related to Birds in Puisi – Pusi Cinta by WS Rendra. The data are conducted qualitatively using the blending theory. The blending theory’s G.Fauconnier and M.Turner (2002) came to the conclusion that metaphorizing is not limited by the projection from “the source domain” to “the target domain”, but includes complex dynamic integration processes, creating new blended mental spaces, which are able to create the meaning structure. The findings reveal that these vivid poetic metaphors in Puisi-Puisi Cinta by W.S Rendra are substantial through the use of imagery depicting aspects of the birds' appearances and its features to human beings. The metaphorical process, which projects from the birds to human beings, can be seen as a process of conceptual blending. In addition, each and every poetic metaphor related to birds of the poem has its characteristics in a certain cognitive model.

The book as a genre phenomenon in modern prose of the Russian abroad (“Venice. Quarantine Chronicles” by E. Margolis)

The article studies the book as a special type of artistic unity, representing an original model for expressing artistic consciousness in modern Russian literature abroad. The article proves the productivity of this genre phenomenon, identifies the main trends in book creation associated with an appeal to the sacral text, with the actualization of the autobiographical, diary and memoir prose traditions. The representative sample is analyzed on the basis of the modern literary scholarship provisions, which conceptualize the book as an original genre phenomenon. Using the example of E. Margolis’ book “Venice. Quarantine Chronicles” (2020), we analyze the mechanisms of constructing the artistic world, organically embodied in book format. The article reveals the nature of the artistic integrity of the book, conditioned by the interaction of verbal and visual components, the motif complex associated with the Christian tradition (which includes motifs of insight, internal movement, silence and healing of the soul), and reveals the features of the palimpsest, which serves as the principle of genre modeling. The conceptual and formal anchor in the book is the image of Venice, which connects everyday and metaphysical, visible and invisible aspects. The article proves that the book represents a form of the world harmonization and a space for a dialogue between different cultural codes at whose junction the author’s hybrid identity is formed.

Effect of Antigonon leptopus extract in corn starch-glycerol based film as colourimetric indicator film for monitoring fish freshness

A colourimetric indicator can be used to test the freshness of fish in a rapid, straightforward and non-destructive manner. Anthocyanin, a natural dye found in Antigonon leptopus flowers, has a sensitive colour reactivity to a wide range of pH levels and can be made into colourimetric indicator films on a laboratory scale, making it a viable replacement for artificial dyes. The study's purpose was to see how the concentration of A. leptopus extract affected the colourimetric assessment of fish freshness. Ethanol was used to extract anthocyanin from A. leptopus. FTIR and pHrespond spectroscopies were used to characterise the extracts. Colourimetric indicator films were developed to assess fish freshness by incorporating A. leptopus extract into a corn starch-glycerol matrix via the solution casting method, with concentrations of 10%, 30% and 50%, respectively. The effect of A. leptopus extract on visual aspects, thickness, morphology, FTIR spectra, UV-Vis spectra and colour responses was analysed. Microbial analysis, TVB-N contents, firmness, and pH of the fish samples were analysed after storage. The colour of the original films became darker as the extracted content increased. There was no significant (p>0.05) effect of A. leptopus extract on film thickness. SEM micrographs revealed that the composite films had homogeneous and whitish granules on the surface and that increasing the A. leptopus extract concentration caused the films to become rougher. FTIR and UV-Vis spectroscopies showed successful binding between A. leptopus extracts and corn starch-glycerol film. With increasing pH, the colour change of the films exposed to pH = 3-11 solutions was no significant difference due to improper storage. An increase in the microbial population, TVB-N content and pH was observed over the storage period as a result of fish deterioration. Colour changes were also identified in the film which became darker. Overall, colourimetric indicator film with 50% A. leptopus extract was found to be the optimal formulation since it had the highest values in ∆E* during progressive spoilage of fish.

The Concept of Aspectism in the Traditional Arts of the Bamileke People of Western Cameroon: Myth or Reality?

Aspectism is an aesthetic approach that underscores the significance of visual appearance in artistic works, highlighting elements such as shape, color, texture, and other visual components as crucial for appreciating and interpreting art. This artistic style prioritizes the visual and formal aspects of artworks as channels for communication and creative expression. The Bamileke art object, encompassing both physical and spiritual dimensions, aligns with the principles of aspectism. Notably, many objects from this cultural milieu are featured in Western museums due to their striking physical beauty. This observation prompts questions regarding the applicability of aspectism to Bamileke art and whether it represents a myth or a reality. This inquiry delves into the intrinsic nature of Bamileke arts and the broader grassfields region. To address these concerns, the study unfolds in three key stages: introducing the concept of aspectism, delineating its artistic characteristics, and examining its manifestation across various artistic mediums within the Bamileke community. Additionally, the study explores the philosophical underpinnings of beauty within this population. The study concludes that the Bamileke art object embodies two distinct entities: the physical, or apparent aspect, and the symbolic or functional aspect. While aspectism emphasizes the apparent aspect, the argument can be made that the notion of aspectism within Bamileke arts leans more towards being a myth than a reality.

‘What’s he writing in there?’ Reciprocal field relations and relational curiosity in ethnographies of education

ABSTRACT The notion of the ethnographer as participant observer, as an active agent rather than passive observer, is well established within conversations about method and methodology. Less well explored is the extent to which the inherent curiosity and inquisitiveness of the ethnographer might be reciprocated: how might this be established and how might it contribute to the construction of knowledge? Through a focus on the ways in which one of the most visible aspects of ethnographic field work – writing field notes – was made sense of and then interrogated by research respondents during an eight-month ethnography of workplace learning, this article argues that reciprocal field relations characterised by a willingness for the researcher to be interrogated about their work in a manner akin to the ways in which the researched are, here described as relational curiosity, both sustains good ethical engagement in the field and enhances the empirical warrant of the ethnography.

The Books You Inhabit: María Teresa León’s Copy of Marinero en tierra

This article examines the visual and material aspects present in a book that, due to a series of interventions, becomes a unique work. In the 1930s Rafael Alberti (1902‑1999) illustrated a copy of the first edition of Marinero en tierra (1925) as a gift for María Teresa León (1903‑1988). She made her own marks in the book during her lifetime, converting it into her own space. This intimate space is transformed into a cultural crucible where creative complicities and historical realities, such as the Spanish Civil War, exile, and refuge, are summarized. The volume, by the will of the gift giver and the gift receiver, is no longer another printed copy of an important book, but is instead a living work with new and different connotations. Through this article, one reflects upon the book as an object and the value of drawings in books.

Visual aspects of Gaussian periods and analogues

Gaussian periods have been studied for centuries in the realms of number theory, field theory, cryptography, and elsewhere. However, it was only within the last decade or so that they began to be studied from a visual perspective. By plotting Gaussian periods in the complex plane, various interesting and insightful patterns emerge, leading to various conjectures and theorems about their properties. In this paper, we offer a description of Gaussian periods, along with examples of the structure that can occur when plotting them in the complex plane. In addition to this, we offer two ways in which this study can be generalized to other situations — one relating to supercharacter theory, the other relating to class field theory — along with discussions and visual examples of each.

Zoological Architectures and Empty Frames

In general, zoo architecture directs the attention towards the animals. The buildings create ‘frames’ around the animals, as John Berger (1980) states in his 1977 essay ‘Why Look at Animals?’. Following this premise, my work explores visual and psychological aspects of framing, relating to animal housing. Judith Butler (2009) explains how (visual) framings always create meanings and evaluations of what is enclosed within them. Therefore, the representation of animals in human culture affects how we treat animals socio-politically. Zoos generate and communicate ongoing conceptions of zoo animals. Zoo architecture, although often in the background of one’s field of vision, forms an important factor in the construction of these ideas.

Discovering the sensory, emotional, and interactive experiences of a place.

This article proposes a data collection technique for describing experiences of a built environment. Besides the experiences of the visual and physical aspects of the place, this technique helps describe the sensory, bodily, emotional, interactive, and social experiences occurring during the human-environment encounter. The enabling technique presented is called Reactions and Actions Description Survey (RADES). It employs 120 images depicting people going through different situations involving all the senses, showing expressions related to positive and negative emotions, and realizing varied activities. Forty-five participants visited the esplanade in the exterior of a historic building called Obispado. The case study is located on a hill and is a scenic viewpoint of Monterrey, Mexico. The participants answered the RADES and the Environmental Description Survey (ENVIDES), which focuses on describing the qualities of the place and the appraisals with which it is experienced. The comments about the experiences of the place obtained through both surveys were grouped into 133 categories. Qualitative and quantitative data about the experiences of the place were obtained through both techniques. A quantitative analysis of the data was realized since the participants not only described their experiences with words but also indicated numerically the intensity of such experiences. Spearman correlations between the experiences were calculated, and a general map of the experiences of the place was created through multidimensional scaling analysis (MDS). The study revealed the connections between the elements and qualities of the site and the views with specific positive and negative experiences occurring during the visit. Furthermore, MDS allowed the discovery of 10 dimensions of environmental experience-pleasure/displeasure, high/low arousal, dominance/submissiveness, knowing/inhabiting, environment/self, higher/lower cognition, spatiality/materiality, states/processes, natural/built, and visual/sensory. The presented techniques and the findings obtained through them can assist architects in recognizing valuable environmental features for the design of livable spaces.

Analysis of Technological Development and Enhancement in Modern Film Noir

This paper explores the visual and technological evolution of film noir, particularly the transition from classic to modern film noir. Originally defined by French film critics, film noir is known for its distinctive low-key lighting and strong visual contrasts, emphasizing a mysterious and dramatic visual presentation. The article first compares low-key lighting in traditional and modern film noir, highlighting modern advancements in controlling lighting and shadows. It then examines color usage in both eras, noting modern noir’s use of low saturation and vivid colors for enhanced emotional impact. Lastly, it explores modern technology’s role in restoring classic film noir, emphasizing high-resolution scanning and digital processing for improved visual and auditory quality while preserving artistic style. These analyses underscore film noir’s adaptation to technological advancements in global cinema. Through these analyses, the paper reveals how film noir has adapted to technological advancements to maintain its significant place in global cinematic art. Nonetheless, it acknowledges limitations, primarily focusing on visual and technological aspects while neglecting potential socio-cultural, political, and economic influences on the genre. Future research could address these gaps by exploring interdisciplinary perspectives and incorporating quantitative methods to provide a more comprehensive understanding of film noir’s evolution.

Synchronization Functions of “Mickey-Mousing” in Animation Film Rhapsody Rabbit

Synchronization between visual animation and music has been widely known as mickey-mousing. Notable old animation films have used this particular technique to reinforce action with a musical flourish and convey a certain meaning. Furthermore, animation music is commonly based on popular music, such as The Hungarian Rhapsody No.2 in Rhapsody Rabbit. The music is utilized not just as a scoring aspect but to dictate every Bugs Bunny's action when playing the piano. This research aims to study the implementation of the mickey-mousing technique in Rhapsody Rabbit film. It uses a qualitative content analysis approach to analyze visual and aural aspects—primary data is sourced from the Rhapsody Rabbit film and the Hungarian Rhapsody No. 2 music sheet. Secondary data is collected from literature studies related to the topic. Data collection is conducted through observation, interview, and documentation study. The data is analyzed using Klaus Krippendorf's content analysis technique which divided into six steps. The result of this study is that the mickey-mousing technique is implemented through a combination of a fast pace of visual and musical play altogether. Animation adapts to several parts of the musical composition so that articulation, illustration, and accentuation occur as a function of the mickey-mousing technique.

An analysis of verbal and visual aspects of the picture book Infinity and Me by Kate Hosford and Gabi Swiatkowska

An analysis of verbal and visual aspects of the picture book Infinity and Me by Kate Hosford and Gabi Swiatkowska

Promoting Sustainability in Manufacturing Companies in Coahuila, Mexico: Integrating Sustainable Practices Into Organizational Culture

Objective: The objective is to obtain the validity of the relationships between the four factors of Denison's model: involvement, consistency, adaptability, and mission, and their impact on sustainability. Theoretical Framework: This article explores the competitive role of organizational culture in sustainability in the northern state of Mexico, characterized by manufacturing processes in which waste, energy, and water manifested as significant components of the region and the country. Method: The data were collected with the application of the standardized questionnaire called Denison Organizational Culture Survey and its impact on the sustainability indicators of the Global Reporting Initiative, applying a structural equation model based on SmartPLS 4. 0. Research Implications: The best results obtained in companies where external focus prevails, with stability and flexibility, that is, with an organizational culture where mission and adaptability are pillars. Originality/Value: The conclusions highlight contributions to the academic and business environment, applying a model that makes visible aspects challenging to assimilate in management due to the intangibility of the organizational culture.

Measurement and evaluation of down jacket fabrics by tactile, visual and auditory sense

Twenty down jacket fabrics underwent a subjective multisensory evaluation, including tactile, visual, and auditory aspects, and the subjective and objective style evaluation results were compared and analyzed. The subjective style evaluation of down jacket fabrics was divided into comprehensive sensory evaluation and pure sensory evaluation. Pure sensory evaluation included three ways: pure vision, pure touch, and pure hearing. The comprehensive sensory evaluation was to combine the three to evaluate the fabric. The results showed that the pure sensory evaluation results were not much different from the comprehensive sensory evaluation results, and the correlation was strong. In general, the results of the pure tactile test were more consistent with the results of the comprehensive sensory test. The subjective comprehensive sensory evaluation results had a high linear correlation with the calculation results of the objective comprehensive handle evaluation model, and were negatively correlated. The smaller the calculated value of the model, the better the comprehensive handle of the fabric. It also proved the rationality and validity of the objective model, and the feasibility of the CHES-FY textile handle style evaluation instrument to evaluate the handle of down jacket fabrics.

Analisis kemampuan representasi matematis peserta didik sekolah dasar ditinjau dari resiliensi matematis

<p class="Abstract">This research aims to describe the mathematical representation abilities of students with high, medium and low mathematical resilience. This research is a descriptive qualitative research. The data collection techniques used were questionnaires, tests, and interviews. The data analysis technique in this research used the Miles and Huberman model which consists of data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. The results of the research concluded that: 1) Students with high mathematical resilience fulfill all indicators of mathematical representation ability in both linguistic, visual and symbolic aspects; 2) Students with moderate mathematical representation abilities meet both indicators in visual representation and do not meet indicators in language and symbolic aspects; 3) Students with low mathematical resilience, one of whom does not meet the indicators for language, visual or verbal. One of the students met one indicator, namely the verbal indicator aspect.</p>

Production of sounds by squirrelfish during symbiotic relationships with cleaner wrasses

Examples of symbiotic relationships often include cleaning mutualisms, typically involving interactions between cleaner fish and other fish, called the clients. While these cleaners can cooperate by removing ectoparasites from their clients, they can also deceive by feeding on client mucus, a behavior usually referred to as “cheating behavior” that often leads to a discernible jolt from the client fish. Despite extensive studies of these interactions, most research has focused on the visual aspects of the communication. In this study, we aimed to explore the role of acoustic communication in the mutualistic relationship between cleaner fishes and nine holocentrid client species across four regions of the Indo-Pacific Ocean: French Polynesia, Guam, Seychelles, and the Philippines. Video cameras coupled with hydrophones were positioned at various locations on reefs housing Holocentridae fish to observe their acoustic behaviors during interactions. Our results indicate that all nine species of holocentrids can use acoustic signals to communicate to cleaner fish their refusal of the symbiotic interaction or their desire to terminate the cooperation. These sounds were predominantly observed during agonistic behavior and seem to support visual cues from the client. This study provides a novel example of acoustic communication during a symbiotic relationship in teleosts. Interestingly, these vocalizations often lacked a distinct pattern or structure. This contrasts with numerous other interspecific communication systems where clear and distinguishable signals are essential. This absence of a clear acoustic pattern may be because they are used in interspecific interactions to support visual behavior with no selective pressure for developing specific calls required in conspecific recognition. The different sound types produced could also be correlated with the severity of the client response. There is a need for further research into the effects of acoustic behaviors on the quality and dynamics of these mutualistic interactions.

When Online and Offline Environments Meet

Theory of situational privacy and self-disclosure posits that perceived levels of privacy are determined by perceptions of the environment, and that certain levels of privacy are necessary for self-disclosure. In video consultations, auditory and visual aspects of the doctor’s environment can cause patients to experience more or less privacy. To provide empirical evidence for these theoretical assumptions, we conducted a 2 (auditory environmental factor: doctor wearing headphones vs. not) by 2 (visual environmental factor: doctor showing the entire office vs. not) between-subjects scenario-based experiment (N = 163). Participants imagined themselves in a video consultation with a doctor and reported their information and territory privacy concerns and willingness to disclose to the doctor. Results showed that the ability to see the doctor’s entire office led to lower information privacy concerns, which – in turn – were associated with increased willingness to disclose medical information to a doctor. Wearing headphones by the doctor did not affect privacy concerns and self-disclosure. Manipulations of both the auditory and visual environment were not significantly associated with territory privacy concerns. These results provide direction for further research on environmental factors and their impact on patients’ privacy concerns and self-disclosure during medical video communications.