Visual Analogue Scale For Anxiety Research Articles

Correlates of higher anxiety scores reported by women admitted for elective caesarean section

BackgroundAn elective caesarean section (CS) has been associated with high anxiety scores, and there are associations between higher anxiety scores and younger age, primigravidae, higher educational level, and previous experience with anaesthesia. In this study, the aim is to measure anxiety scores associated with an elective CS using two measuring scales and identify women's characteristics and obstetrics variables that are associated with higher scores. MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted between Nov 15, 2019 and Nov 15, 2020. Women were included if they were 18 years of age or more, had viable pregnancies, and were admitted for an elective CS. Anxiety scores were measured on admission using the visual analogue scale for anxiety (VASA) and then the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI-Y). Associated factors were studied using logistic regression analyses. ResultsThree hundred women were recruited. Means (SD) for the participant's age and gestation age were 30.5 (5.7) years and 37.6 (1.4) weeks, respectively. Additionally, 29.3% of the participants having a CS were primigravidae and 62.3% were for maternal indications. Furthermore, 55%, 59%, and 61% of the women had scores above the means of VASA and STAI-S components 1 and 2, respectively.Variables that showed statistically significant associations with higher anxiety scores were that the woman's age was 25–34, the CS was for foetal indications, the choice of anaesthesia was general, and the source of information for the choice of anaesthesia was a layperson. ConclusionHigher anxiety scores are prevalent among women admitted for an elective CS. STAI-Y and VASA correlated well, and the short VASA may replace the lengthy STAI-Y in clinical practice. Identification of women with risk factors may help in implementing strategies to reduce anxiety.

Mechanistic investigation of acupuncture treatment in patients with migraine: Evidence from brain imaging study (I): 针刺治疗偏头痛的效应机制研究:来自脑影像研究的证据 (I)

ObjectiveMagnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies have demonstrated anatomical and functional alterations of brain regions in patients with migraine, and the efficacy of acupuncture for migraine could regulate these abnormal alterations. However, its pathogenesis remains ambiguous, and inconsistent results have been reported. The purpose of this study was to explore abnormal structural and functional alterations in patients with migraine using voxel-based morphometry (VBM) analysis and a seed-based functional connectivity (FC) approach and to provide a basis for future research. MethodsThe study recruited 34 patients with migraine and 38 healthy controls who underwent structural and resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). VBM was evaluated across the whole brain, and group differences in the gray matter (GM) were compared. The significantly altered GM volumes considered as the seeding area were further calculated for the FC of the whole brain. The correlation between structural or functional changes of the brain and clinical features was also evaluated. ResultsPatients with migraine manifested higher GM volumes in the left occipital lobe than healthy controls. Seed-based analyses demonstrated reduced FC between the left occipital lobe and right inferior frontal gyrus, extending to the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and right insula. Decreased FC in the left ACC was positively correlated with visual analog scale (VAS) and self-rating anxiety scale (SAS). ConclusionsThis study indicated that patients with migraine exhibited abnormal changes in brain regions, which could facilitate a better understanding of how brain structure and function impact the symptoms of migraine and provide the basis for elucidating the potential mechanisms of acupuncture for migraine. Trial registrationChinese Clinical Trial Registry, Chi CTR2000033995. Registered on 20 June 2020.

Anxiety levels of ICU patients at tertiary referral hospital using Visual Analog Scale for Anxiety (VAS-A)

Patients undergoing treatment in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) are at risk of experiencing anxiety. If left untreated, anxiety can worsen the patient's condition to the point of prolonging the length of stay in the ICU. To determine the level of anxiety of patients treated in ICU RSUD Dr. Soetomo Surabaya. This research is a descriptive study with a cross-sectional design. The research was conducted at the Rumah Sakit Umum Daerah (RSUD) Dr. Soetomo Surabaya with a data collection period of September - October 2022. The total sample obtained was 45 research subjects. The anxiety level of the study subjects was assessed using the Visual Analog Scale for Anxiety (VAS-A). Author can select Normal style from styles of this template. The results of this study were that all research subjects or as many as 100% of research subjects experienced anxiety. Overall, the research subjects experienced severe anxiety as much as 48.9%, moderate anxiety as much as 37.8%, while mild anxiety as much as 13.3%. The level of anxiety is higher in non-geriatric age (55.9%), female sex (50%), surgical patients (55.6%), research subjects with ventilator (57.1%), and research subjects with the use of invasive devices (53.6%). Most of the research subjects experienced severe anxiety. Analytical tests between anxiety trigger factors and anxiety levels were not carried out.

Virtual Reality Hypnoanxiolysis and Analgesia for Emergency Department Needle-Related Procedures: A Prospective Interventional Cohort Pilot Study Implementation

We hypothesized that virtual reality–delivered hypnotherapy reduces anxiety (hypnoanxiolysis) and pain (hypnoanalgesia) related to needle procedures. Our primary objective was to assess whether this would result in lower procedural anxiety and/or pain scores from baseline for pediatric patients undergoing nonemergent needle-related procedures. A prospective interventional pilot study of a cohort of 22 patients (aged 8-15 years) who required a needle procedure in the emergency department was conducted, and parents (dyad) were consented. Anxiety and pain measurements were taken before and after the intervention for each dyad. The worst anxiety reflected the maximal anxiety intensity experienced by the participant during the procedure using the Visual Analog Anxiety Scale and, similarly for pain, using the validated pediatric Color Analog Pain Scale. Patients, parents, and physicians completed satisfaction scores. Most of the participants reported a reduction in anxiety during the procedure. The participants’ median maximum procedural pain scores were slightly increased from baseline. Eleven (50%) children and 19 physician and parent reports (85%) stated that the needle intervention was easy or very easy. We described novel implementation of virtual reality hypnotherapy in an emergency setting and achieved anxiety reduction for needle-related procedures in a pediatric cohort.

Anxiety and Induction of Labor: Measuring Scales and Associated Factors

BACKGROUND:Anxiety scores are higher in women being induced compared with women who are in spontaneous labor. There are limited published reports addressing anxiety associated with the induction of labor (IOL).OBJECTIVES:The aim is to measure anxiety scores that are associated with IOL using two measuring scales and identify women’s characteristics and obstetrics variables that are associated with higher anxiety scores.METHODS:A cross-sectional study was conducted between October 20, 2019, and October 20, 2020. Inclusion criteria required women to be 18 years or older, have a viable pregnancy, and have been admitted for IOL. Anxiety scores were measured using the visual analog scale for anxiety (VASA) first and then the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI). The factor analysis for mixed data was used to identify the independent variables that contributed the most to the variation among participants. These variables were then tested for association with the different anxiety variables using multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA).RESULTS:In this study, 300 women with a mean age of 28 years and a mean fetal gestational age of 39.4 weeks were recruited. A factor analysis with a principal component analysis method on the STAI state subscale revealed two components with high internal consistency, designated Component 1 and Component 2. Women had anxiety scores above the mean as measured on VASA (48.7%) and Component 1 (50.3%) and Component 2 (70.7%) of the STAI state subscale. There were statistically significant correlations between the two components of the STAI state subscale and VASA (Spearman’s rank correlation: VASA with STAI State Component 1 = −.239,p-value = 2.8 × 10−5; VASA with STAI State Component 2 = .296,p-value = 1.7 × 10−7). The three outcome anxiety variables (VASA and Components 1 and 2 of the STAI state subscale) in nonparametric MANOVA analysis showed significant associations with a prior history of subfertility (Wilk’s lambda test statistic = 3.668,df1 = 3,df2 = 296,p-value = .014) and higher parity (Wilk’s lambda test statistic = 2.100,df1 = 6,df2 = 590,p-value = .043).CONCLUSION:High anxiety scores are prevalent among women who are being induced. The VASA and STAI state subscales are correlated, and VASA may be an alternative to the lengthy STAI. Antenatal identification of women at high risk may help in implementing strategies to reduce anxiety scores.

The effect of touch on pain, anxiety, and the patient experience during bone marrow biopsies.

e24131 Background: Many patients report severe pain and anxiety during bone marrow biopsies (BMBx), but there is no formal consensus on the best approach to managing these symptoms during the procedure. The aims of this study were to evaluate the effect of simple foot touch on pain and anxiety during BMBx, and to describe the patients’ experience during the procedure. Methods: A single-center randomized control trial using permuted block randomization was conducted at a rural academic cancer center. Nursing assistants without specialized massage training performed simple foot touch on patients in the intervention arm, while the BMBx was performed by advanced practice registered nurses. The patients in the control arm received usual care. Patients rated pain and anxiety levels before and after BMBx using the Visual Analog Scale (VAS) and Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) scales, respectively. All participants completed a post-intervention survey about their experience. Results: 46 patients were enrolled in the study; 21 in the intervention arm (median age 64.1 years) and 25 in the control arm (median age 64.4 years). There was no difference in the use of anxiolytics (p = 0.51) or opioids (p = 0.48) during the procedure between the two arms. There were no statistically significant differences on the VAS (p = 0.37) or STAI (p = 0.40) between the intervention and control arms. Participants in the intervention arm reported more positive feedback and had fewer suggestions for improving the patient experience compared to the control arm (table 1). Conclusions: This is the first study to use an interprofessional team approach to evaluate the impact of touch on pain, anxiety, and the patient experience during BMBx. While the intervention did not impact pain or anxiety scores, it may be a feasible, minimal-risk, and no-cost intervention to improve patients’ overall experience during BMBx. Clinical trial information: NCT04935775 . [Table: see text]

Effect of Ketorolac Tromethamine Combined With Remifentanil on Reducing Complications During the General Anesthesia Emergence

PurposeTo observe the effect of ketorolac tromethamine combined with remifentanil in sedation and analgesia during general anesthesia emergence and reducing general anesthesia complications. DesignThis is an experimental design. MethodsA total of 90 patients who underwent partial or total thyroidectomy in our hospital were selected and randomly divided into three groups with 30 cases in each group. Routine general anesthesia combined with endotracheal intubation was given for general anesthesia, and different treatments were administered when the skin was sutured. Group K: intravenous injection of ketorolac tromethamine 0.9 mg/kg, intravenous injection of normal saline 10 mL/h by micropump until awakening and extubation; R group: intravenous injection of normal saline 2 mL, micropump intravenous injection of remifentanil 0.1 mcg/kg/min until awakening and extubation; KR group: intravenous injection of ketorolac tromethamine 0.5 mg/kg, micropump intravenous injection remifentanil 0.05 mcg/kg/min until awakening and extubation. After the operation, all patients entered the postanesthesia care unit (PACU) for recovery, extubation, scoring. The incidence and condition of various complications were counted. FindingsThere was no significant difference in the general information or operation duration of the patients (P > .05). The types of general anesthesia induction drugs in each group were the same, and there was no significant difference in drug measurement (P > .05). The visual analogue scales of KR group were: 2.2 ± 0.6(T0) and 2.4 ± 0.9(T1), the Self-Rating Anxiety Scale scores of the KR groups were: 4.1 ± 0.6(T0), 3.7 ± 0.4(T1). Compared with the KR group, the visual analogue scale and Self-Rating Anxiety Scale scores of the K and R groups at T0 and T1 were increased (P < .05); the visual analogue scale and Self-Rating Anxiety Scale scores of the K and R groups at T0 and T1 were not significantly different (P > .05); at T2, there was no significant difference in visual analogue scale and Self-Rating Anxiety Scale scores among the three groups (P > .05). There was no significant difference in extubation time or PACU transfer time among the three groups (P > .05). The incidence of adverse reactions in KR group were: 3.3% (nausea), 3.3% (vomit), 0 (coughing and drowsiness). Compared with the KR group, the incidence of adverse reactions was higher in the K and R groups. ConclusionsKetorolac tromethamine combined with remifentanil can effectively relieve pain and sedation during general anesthesia recovery and reduce the incidence of complications related to general anesthesia recovery. At the same time, the application of ketorolac tromethamine can reduce the dosage of remifentanil and inhibit the occurrence of adverse reactions when used alone.

The Effect of Video Streaming With Virtual Reality on Anxiety and Pain During Bone Marrow Aspiration and Biopsy Procedure

BackgroundPain and anxiety are among the most common symptoms in patients undergoing invasive procedures. Increased pain levels tend to worsen anxiety, and anxiety often leads to more frequent or severe pain. AimsThe study was conducted to determine the efficacy of virtual reality goggles (VRG) on pain and anxiety during bone marrow aspiration and biopsy (BMAB) procedure. DesignA randomized controlled experimental study. SettingsThe outpatient unit of an adult hematology clinic of a tertiary care university hospital. Participants/SubjectsThe study was conducted in patients aged 18 years and older who underwent a BMAB procedure. Thirty-five patients in the experimental (VRG) group and 40 patients in the control group. MethodsPatient identification form, visual analogue scale (VAS), state and trait anxiety inventory (STAI), and VRG were used to collect the data. ResultsPostprocedural state anxiety mean scores were found to be statistically significantly higher in the control group than in the VRG group (p = .022). A statistically significant difference was found between groups in terms of procedure-related pain (p = .002). The postprocedural mean pain scores were found to be statistically significantly higher in the control group than in the VRG group (p < .001). A statistically significant but moderate positive correlation was found between the postprocedural pain and preprocedural state anxiety variable (r = 0.477). A statistically significant and strong positive correlation was found between the postprocedural pain and the postprocedural state anxiety variable (r = 0.657). A statistically significant but moderate positive relationship was found between preprocedural and postprocedural state anxiety variables (r = 0.519). ConclusionsWe determined that video streaming with VRG reduces pain and anxiety felt by adult patients during the BMAB procedure. VRG can be recommended to use in controlling pain and anxiety in patients undergoing a BMAB procedure.

Improvement in Patient Satisfaction and Anxiety With Perioperative Music Therapy in Patients Undergoing Total Abdominal Hysterectomy: A Single-Blind Prospective Study.

Introduction Listening to music is a safe and low-cost way to reduce preoperative anxiety among patients, but more research is needed to evaluate its effectiveness fully. Aims The aim of the study is to identify the effect of intraoperative music therapy on the visual analogue scale for anxiety (VASA) scores (VASA 1 and VASA 2) and patient satisfaction score (PSS) perioperatively. Methods In a study of 188 patients aged 40-70, those in group A (94 patients) listened to pre-approved music during their surgery for abdominal hysterectomy, while group B (94 patients) did not. Both groups wore noise-cancelling earphones. VASA was recorded before (VASA 1) and after (VASA 2) the surgery. PSS was recorded in the postoperative ward. Music preferences were kept confidential from the investigator recording the scores. Result The two groups of patients had similar demographic profiles and baseline characteristics. The VASA 1 of both groups was similar, with a mean value of 4.36 ± 1.13 for group A and 4.23 ± 1.05 for group B (p = 0.606). However, group A had lower VASA 2 (1.79 ± 0.83) than group B (3.77 ± 0.98). The difference was statistically significant (p < 0.001). The patient satisfaction score in group A was notably higher than those in group B. A total of 52 patients were highly satisfied in group A as compared to none in group B (p < 0.001), and a total of 42 patients were moderately satisfied as compared to eight patients in group B (p < 0.001). Eighty-six patients in group B were unsatisfied. Conclusion According to our research, playing specific music at the right volume can significantly lower anxiety levels and increase patients' satisfaction scores for those who have had abdominal hysterectomy surgeries.

Dose-response effects of acute exercise intensity on state anxiety among women with depression.

Anxiety is common in people with major depressive disorder (MDD), yet the anxiolytic effects of acute exercise in MDD are unknown. The purpose of this analysis was to determine a potentially optimal acute exercise intensity for reducing state anxiety in women with MDD, the duration of the response, and the potential influences of depression severity and preferred-intensity exercise. Using a within-subject, randomized, counter-balanced design, 24 participants completed five separate visits including 20 min of steady-state bicycling at prescribed (via RPE) light, moderate, or hard intensities, a preferred/self-selected session, or a quiet rest (QR) session. State anxiety was measured via the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI-Y1) and anxiety visual analog scale (VAS) at pre-, immediately (VAS only), 10 min, and 30 min post-exercise. Depression was measured via the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II) pre-exercise. Moderate exercise resulted in a moderate state anxiety reduction compared to QR 10 min (STAI-Y1: g = 0.59, padj = 0.040) and 30 min post-exercise (STAI-Y1: g = 0.61, padj = 0.032). Pairwise differences indicated each exercise session decreased state anxiety pre to 10 min and 30 min post-exercise (all padj < 0.05) for the STAI-Y1, and for moderate and hard exercise from pre to each time point post-exercise (all padj < 0.05) for the VAS. Depression severity was associated with state anxiety (p < 0.01) but did not influence the overall results. Prescribed moderate intensity exercise led to greater reductions in state anxiety compared to preferred at 30 m (STAI-Y1: g = 0.43, p = 0.04). These findings suggest steady-state prescribed moderate exercise reduces state anxiety in women with MDD for at least 30 min following exercise regardless of their depression severity.

Musculoskeletal pain among desk-based officials of Bangladesh: Association with mental health and individual factors.

Musculoskeletal (MS) pain is widely prevalent and is an important health issue for desk-based employees which has a negative impact on both personal and work life. This study aimed to determine the MS pain status and its association with mental health and other individual factors among desk-based officials of Dhaka, Bangladesh. This cross-sectional study comprised a sample of 526 desk-based officials from Dhaka, Bangladesh. Data were collected between November 2020 to March 2021. MS pain was determined by the visual analog scale (VAS) and depression and anxiety were screened by Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). Logistic regression analyses were employed to estimate the adjusted effect of independent factors on MS pain. The overall prevalence of MS pain was 64% among desk-based officials. The corresponding prevalence were 19% severe, 21% moderate and 24% mild MS pain. In the adjusted model, gender (AOR: 0.19, 95% CI: 0.07-0.46), BMI (AOR: 0.28, 95% CI: 0.14-0.59), monthly income (AOR: 5.17, 95% CI: 2.18-12.25), organization type (AOR: 4.3, 95% CI:1.8-10.1), floor living (AOR: 4.7, 95% CI:2.1-10.8), physical activity (AOR: 0.16, 95% CI: 0.06-0.45), and lift facility in the house (AOR: 4.11, 95% CI: 2.06-8.23) were associated with MS pain. In addition, the prevalence of anxiety and depression was 17.7% and 16.4%, respectively. Depression was identified as a significant predictor for severe MS pain (AOR: 2.44, 95%CI:1.29-4.63). This study has revealed a relatively high prevalence of MS pain and mental health problems among Bangladeshi desk-based officials. Preventive measures need to be taken from both organizational and personal sides to delimitate MS pain and mental health problems.

Effect of music listening on perioperative anxiety, acute pain and pain catastrophizing in women undergoing elective cesarean delivery: a randomized controlled trial

BackgroundAnxiety may adversely impact mother and her newborn. Music listening is a safe and efficacious treatment that may to reduce perioperative anxiety. The effect on acute pain and pain catastrophizing scores remains unclear. We aimed to determine whether perioperative music listening reduces anxiety, acute pain, and pain catastrophizing scale (PCS) scores following elective cesarean delivery under spinal anesthesia.MethodsAfter randomization into music listening and control groups, baseline patient characteristics, visual analog scale-anxiety (VAS-A) scores, pain scores, PCS total and sub-scores, and music preferences were collected preoperatively. Before surgery, parturients in the experimental group listened to music of their own choice for 30 min. Music listening was continued during administration of spinal anesthesia and cesarean delivery, and for 30 min following surgery. Postoperative VAS-A score, acute pain score, PCS scores, music preferences, satisfaction score, and feedback were recorded.ResultsWe analyzed 108 parturients (music: n = 53; control: n = 55). Music listening was associated with reduced postoperative VAS-A (mean difference (MD) -1.43, 95%CI -0.63 to -2.22), PCS total score (MD -6.39, 95%CI -2.11 to -10.66), PCS sub-scores on rumination (MD -1.68, 95%CI -0.12 to -3.25), magnification (MD -1.53, 95%CI -0.45 to -2.62), and helplessness (MD -3.17, 95%CI -1.29 to -5.06) sub-scores. There was no significant difference in postoperative acute pain scores. The majority (> 95%) of parturients reported “excellent” and “good” satisfaction with music listening, and most provided positive feedback.ConclusionPerioperative music listening was associated with reduced postoperative anxiety and lower pain catastrophizing. Based on the good patient satisfaction and positive feedback received, the use of music listening in the obstetric setting is recommended.Trial registrationThis study was registered on Clinicaltrials.gov NCT03415620 on 30/01/2018.

The relationship between salivary alpha-amylase, nitric oxide, pain and anxiety-induced stress in patients during dental treatment.

Pain and anxiety are the most reported negative effect of orthodontic treatment which can influence the quality of life and are responsible for the discontinuation of treatment. These unpleasant experiences raise the stress levels reflected by the increase in the concentration of salivary alpha-amylase and nitric oxide. These can be assessed through various subjective methods which have limited value as it depends on the patient's honesty, assessing whether using objective methods are reliable. To assess pain and anxiety-induced stress levels using both physiological (Salivary alpha-amylase and Salivary nitric oxide) and psychological testing instruments (Visual analog scale and State Trait Anxiety Inventory Y6) during the initial phases of fixed orthodontic treatment. A total of 30 patients were included. Pain and anxiety instruments were applied and saliva samples were collected from patients before and after separator placement, before and 48 h after archwire insertion and 1 month after archwire insertion. The mean values of alpha-amylase (235.3600), nitric oxide levels (2.060) and pain scores (7.8667) were higher 48 h after archwire insertion (T3) which are statistically significant, P = 0.00. Anxiety scores (57.7000) were high before separator placement (T0). No statistically significant correlation was found among pain and alpha-amylase, anxiety and nitric oxide levels. Initial alignment phases of fixed orthodontic treatment affect patients' anxiety and stress levels. The findings could be a result of the psychological stress due to procedures in the initial phases of the treatment.

Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on inflammatory bowel disease care in Taiwan: A multicenter study

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic had a great impact on healthcare system and patients. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on the perceptions of patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). This prospective multicenter study was conducted between July 2021 and December 2021. Patients with IBD answered a structured questionnaire, and their degree of anxiety was assessed using a visual analogue scale (VAS) before and after reading educational materials. A total of 225 (47.67%) patients with Crohn's disease, 244 (51.69%) with ulcerative colitis and 3 (0.64%) with indeterminate colitis were enrolled. Common concerns were adverse events from vaccination (20.34%), and higher risks of developing severe COVID-19 (19.28%) and COVID-19 infection (16.31%) than the general population. Medications deemed by the patients to increase the risk of COVID-19 were immunomodulators (16.10%), anti-tumor necrosis factor-α antagonists (9.96%), and corticosteroids (9.32%). Thirty-five (7.42%) patients self-discontinued IBD medication, of whom 12 (34.28%) had worse symptoms. Older age (>50 years) (OR 1.10, 95% CI 1.01-1.19, p=0.03), IBD-related complications (OR 1.16, 95% CI 1.04-1.28, p=0.01), education status below senior high school (OR 1.22, 95% CI 1.08-1.37, p=0.001), and residing in north-central Taiwan (OR 1.21, 95% CI 1.10-1.34, p<0.001) were associated with more anxiety. None of the enrolled patients contracted COVID-19. The anxiety VAS score (mean±SD) improved after reading the educational materials (3.84±2.33 vs. 2.81±1.96, p<0.001). The medical behavior of IBD patients was influenced by the COVID-19 pandemic, and their anxiety could be mitigated after education.

The Effect of a Simple Perioperative Video on Maternal Anxiety and Satisfaction Before Regional Anesthesia in a Caribbean Setting: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Anxiety before regional anesthesia and surgery is common among women undergoing cesarean section. Although perioperative education has been shown to reduce this level of anxiety, the optimal form and timing of this intervention are not known. The goal of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of an educational anesthetic video on reducing anxiety and improving maternal satisfaction in patients scheduled for elective cesarean section under regional anesthesia. Eighty patients scheduled for cesarean sectionat a tertiary-level obstetric centerwere randomized to either an interventional group (viewed an educational video onthe evening before surgery) or the control group (no educational video). Both groups received a standard preoperative assessment on the morning of surgery.Anxiety was assessed using the Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) and the visual analog scale for anxiety (VAS-A). Maternal satisfaction was assessed using the Maternal Satisfaction Scale Score for Cesarean Section (MSSSCS). Anxiety was assessed at baseline (the evening before surgery) and immediately before surgery. Maternal satisfaction was assessed on the first postoperative day. Patients in the intervention group also had their state anxiety measured immediately after viewing the educational anesthetic video using the VAS-A. Both groups were equally matched at baseline, and a statistically significant reduction in anxiety measured using VAS-A was seen in the intervention group vs. the control group (6 vs. 4.6, p = 0.018). State-trait anxiety measured using STAI, however, was not significantly lower in the intervention vs. control group (44 vs. 46, p = 0.99). VAS-A immediately after looking at the video was also not significantly different (5 vs. 4, p = 0.323) from the control group. Maternal satisfaction was also higher in the intervention group (113 vs. 104.5, p = 0.015). The use of a simple educational anesthetic video may be associated with reduced anxiety and improved maternal satisfaction in patients scheduled for elective cesarean section under regional anesthesia.

Effect of Reflexology on Decreasing Postoperative Pain and Anxiety After Total Abdominal Hysterectomy.

Surgical patients experience both postoperative pain and anxiety, as they try to cope with pain. Despite technological advances, pharmacological methods are inadequate for decreasing postoperative pain and anxiety. Reflexology has been implemented and considered effective in these areas in many countries. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of reflexology on decreasing postoperative pain and anxiety after a hysterectomy. The study was an intervention randomized study. The population of the investigation is all patients who had a hysterectomy between February 2012 and December 2014 in the Istanbul University Obstetrics and Gynecology service. The sample was 100 women chosen after a power analysis (minimum: 74) (experimental: 54, control: 46) within the population of the investigation who agreed to participate in the study. Using a table of random numbers, patients in the sample were divided into groups. Data was collected using the patient information and vital signs form, State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI-I), Visual Analog Scale (VAS) Pain and Anxiety Scales, and BRIEF pain inventory. All women in the groups had similar sociodemographic, obstetric, and pain characteristics, past experience of illness, and characteristics related to their hysterectomy. All of the patients in the reflexology group stated that reflexology helped them feel better. The reflexology group compared with the control group had lower than the average VAS pain and VAS and STAI anxiety at all assessment times. Reflexology is effective in reducing anxiety and pain.

Comparison of Binaural Tone Music vs Patient Choice Music vs Midazolam on Perioperative Anxiety in Patients Posted for Surgery Under Spinal Anaesthesia: a Randomized Control Trial.

Background Perioperative anxiety affects patients' hemodynamics by increasing stress levels, leading to delayed recovery. In this study, we compared the anxiety-reducing effect of music (patient choice and binaural tone music) with midazolam for perioperative anxiolysis in patients undergoing surgery under spinal anaesthesia. Methods After obtaining institutional ethical clearance and informed written consent, a total of 225 patients classified as ASAgrades 1 and 2 (American Society of Anesthesiologists) were enrolled and randomised into three groups of 75 patients per group. Group A patients received research-selected music (binaural tone) via noise-cancelling headphones, Group B received intravenous midazolam (minimum of 1 mg to 2 mg maximum) as per clinical judgement, and Group C participants provided patient-preferred music via noise-cancelling headphones. The patient's perioperative anxiety was assessed using a visual analogue anxiety scale at regular time intervals. Results Anxiety scores were significantly reduced in the patient's choice music group (Group C) and binaural tone music group (Group A) as compared to the midazolam group (Group B). Postoperative pain scores were statistically significantly lower in Group C, followed by Group A and Group B. On comparing patient satisfaction scores, using numerical rating scores,96% of patients in Group C achieved excellent scores with a p-value of 0.007. Conclusion Binaural tone music and patient choice music can be suitable alternatives to pharmacological therapies for perioperative anxiolysis.

Reducing Health Anxiety in Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Disease Using Video Testimonials: Pilot Assessment of a Video Intervention.

Health anxiety has many damaging effects on patients with chronic illness. Physicians are often unable to alleviate concerns related to living with a disease that has an impact on daily life, and unregulated websites can overrepresent extreme anxiety-inducing outcomes. Educational clinician video interventions have shown some success as an acute anxiolytic in health settings. However, little research has evaluated if peer-based video interventions would be a feasible alternative or improvement. This pilot study assesses the efficacy of anxiety reduction for patients with Crohn disease (CD) and those with ulcerative colitis (UC) by showing patient testimonial videos during hospital visits. It investigates the degree to which patient testimonials can affect state anxiety, and whether patients are comfortable enough with the technology to share their stories. Patients with CD (n=51) and those with UC (n=49) were shown testimonial videos of patients with CD during their physician consultations at Kitasato University Kitasato Institute Hospital in Japan. The video testimonials were collected from Dipex Japan, the Japan branch of an international organization specializing in understanding patient experiences. Patients completed a Visual Analogue Scale for Anxiety before and after viewing the videos, a Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) survey before the videos, and satisfaction surveys. Patients receiving infusion therapy participated in the study while receiving treatment to minimize hospital workflow disruption. Anxiety reduction, on the Visual Analog Scale for Anxiety, was significant in the entire cohort both when viewed as an ordinal variable (P=.003, t98=1086.5) and as a continuous variable (P=.01, t94=-2.54, 90% CI -3.47 to -0.72). Eighty percent (n=15) of patients with high HADS Anxiety (HADS-A) scores and 71% (n=24) of patients with high starting state anxiety experienced reduced anxiety after watching testimonials. Patients with high state anxiety but low HADS-A scores experienced anxiety reduction (69%, n=16). Forty-two percent (n=100) of patients responded that they would share their stories for future users. When patients with UC received testimonials from patients with CD, 71% (n=49) of patients reported that they were relevant despite differences in condition. Our pilot results suggest that patient testimonial videos can reduce illness-related state anxiety for patients with CD and those with UC, especially in those with higher baseline state anxiety. The success of this study in reducing anxiety and achieving patient involvement suggests that video interventions for reducing anxiety might be a low-cost intervention that could scale to any number of hospitals, suggesting that technology can help scale up efforts to record and share patient testimonials. Future work can establish whether patient testimonials can be helpful in other contexts, such as before major surgeries or when a family member receives a difficult diagnosis.

스트레스 반응 수준에 따라 인지스트레스와 호흡훈련이 정신건강과 심박변이도에 미치는 영향

Purpose: The present study investigated whether stress and ventilator ytraining (VT) have different effects on psychophysiological responses according to the magnitude of the stress response.BR Method: Participants were twenty-three college students with a high-tsress response and twenty-three with a low-stress response. Psychological tests (depression, axniety, stress response, and resilience), heart rate variability (SDNN, RMSSD, total power, LF, HF, and LF/HF ratio), and visual analogue scale (anxiety, stress, confidence, and relaxation) were measured at rest, after cognitive stress, and after ventilatory training.BR Results: High-stress group showed higher depression, trait, state anxiety, and lower resilience compared to the low-stress group. The high-stress group showed higher VAS anxiety and stress, and lower relaxation and self-confidence scores. Computational task increaseds tress and decreased heart rate and RMSSD. VT not only lowered anxiety and stress, increased relaxation and confidence, but also increased SDNN, RMSSD, total power, and LF. However, there was no significant d ifference between the stress response groups in all variables before and after the stress task and ventilatory training.BR Conclusion: VT seems to be an effective way to restore the balance of th aeutonomic nervous system caused by stress.

Pre- and Post-Operative Education and Health-Related Quality of Life for Patients with Hip/Knee Replacement and Hip Fracture.

Arthroplasty for the hip/knee and surgeries for hip fractures are increasing worldwide. The aims of this study were to investigate changes in health-related quality of life (HRQOL) after surgery with an early mobility education program, and to explore their associations with pain and anxiety. Pain intensity and anxiety were assessed with the visual analogue scale (VAS) and Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), and HRQOL was assessed with the Short Form-36 (SF-36). The physical component summary (PCS) and mental component summary (MCS) and eight subscales of the SF-36 were calculated. At pre-operation, the patients suffered from moderate pain and mild anxiety, and their HRQOL scores were low (4.9, 7.8, 35.4, and 48.2 for the VAS, BAI, PCS, and MCS, respectively). The pain, anxiety, and HRQOL improved after surgery and had moderate to large effect sizes at 6-month follow-up (Glass's delta = 1.23, 0.88, 0.81, and 0.67 for VAS, BAI, PCS, and MCS, respectively). Pain and anxiety were strongly correlated to HRQOL at each stage, with the maximum correlation (r = -0.34 to -0.93) reached at 6-month follow-up. The surgery effectively improves HRQOL, as the reduced pain and anxiety lead to better physical and mental HRQOL.