Characteristics Of Visitors Research Articles

Visitors’ Behaviors and Perceptions of Spatial Factors of Uncultivated Internet-Famous Sites in Urban Riverfront Public Spaces: Case Study in Changsha, China

This article takes representative uncultivated riverfront internet-famous sites (uncultivated RIFSs) in Changsha city, China, as an example to explore the internal mechanism of their formation and finds that they are closely related to the “urban subculture” and the “informality of urban public space”. In terms of methodology, through questionnaire surveys and in-depth interviews, this study investigates the behavioral characteristics of onsite visitors, the overall perceptions and satisfaction of public spaces, and the perceptions of spatial and humanistic elements of visitors. The main findings are as follows: ① Onsite visitors are mainly male, with local tourists and nearby residents accounting for over 80%. Furthermore, over half of the visitors have limited understanding of the uncultivated RIFSs. ② People’s overall attitudes towards the uncultivated RIFSs are positive. And the ability to carry out meaningful activities and find comfort and safety are of the greatest concern to onsite tourists. ③ Among the visiting reasons, leisure stays accounted for the highest proportion, followed by sightseeing, sports stays and social stays. ④ The onsite visitors’ main focus of spatial elements and humanistic elements is different according to the different sites. However, visitors’ dissatisfaction is mainly reflected in poor site safety and sanitation conditions, inadequate facilities and poor surrounding environments. This paper also compares the online–offline differences in the spatial perceptions of the uncultivated RIFSs between this study and previous research; instead of focusing on the urban physical spaces, online social media users pay more attention to their self-presentation. Meanwhile, the visitors place greater emphasis on the functionality, practicality and experiential activities of the urban physical spaces. Finally, this article proposes optimization strategies for uncultivated RIFSs from planning and governance and public space design aspects to protect and strengthen the composite utilization of space, therefore enhancing diverse vitality.

Linking Tourist Willingness to Pay and Beach Management: A Travel Cost Analysis for Balandra Marine Park, Mexico

Balandra, one of the most popular beaches in La Paz, Baja California Sur, was declared a flora and fauna protection area in 2012, and in 2019, the Mexican government chose it as the best beach in Mexico during the Tianguis Turistico celebrated on that year. Because of this latter distinction, this beach currently faces overcrowding. Formulating effective management policies depends, to a certain extent, on the knowledge of their recreational value and visitor characteristics. Recreational value allows us to know the benefits of the tradeoffs among the ecosystem services and society and exhibit the value of possible damages to marine ecosystems, like the one caused in 2022 by the fire of a tourist boat inside Balandra. Using the individual travel cost method and applying 159 questionnaires to site visitors, the individual willingness to pay to access Balandra Beach was estimated, resulting in USD 11.11/day/visitor. Recreational economic value (REV) for Balandra was estimated using two essential criteria: first, the total visitors registered in 2021, and second, the daily maximum carrying capacity. Welfare recreational loss was also calculated, derived from the site’s two-month closure, using REV as a proxy. Finally, beach management options and possible environmental and economic policy instruments that could be implemented are discussed.

FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MEMENGARUHI MINAT KUNJUNGAN KE OBJEK HATUSUA BEACH DI DESA HATUSUA, KABUPATEN SERAM BAGIAN BARAT

The aim of this research is to find out what factors influence interest in visiting the Hatusua Beach Object and also which factors (attraction, accessibility, services, infrastructure and entrance tickets) are the most dominant in influencing interest in visiting the Hatusua Beach Object. This research used a qualitative descriptive analysis method where the data was collected and then analyzed by summarizing various conditions and situations in the form of interview results and observations regarding the problems studied in this field and can provide an overview of the characteristics of visitors to the Hatusua Beach tourist attraction. The results of this research are that the factors that influence interest in visiting the Hatusua Beach object are attractiveness with a percentage of 36%, accessibility with a percentage of 10%, service, infrastructure with a percentage of 15%, and entrance tickets with a percentage of 28%. The factors (attractiveness, accessibility, service, infrastructure and entrance tickets) that are most dominant in influencing interest in visiting the Hatusua Beach object are attractiveness with a percentage of 36%.

Place Generator and Place Interpreter: a new methodology to collect data on regular mobility patterns

AbstractWhen observing the temporal trajectory of an individual, there is a high probability of them visiting an already-known place due to habit and routine in human mobility behavior. To collect data and understand these routine activities, we propose the Place Generator and the Place Interpreter, a survey adapted from the Name Generator and Name Interpreter methodology of social network studies for travel behavior. In the survey, we asked the participants to name the venues they regularly visit for leisure by category. This methodology captures the characteristics of the venues and the reasons to be chosen. We tested this method in the Zurich Metropolitan Area in Switzerland, focusing on leisure activities and the social environment of the venues. Hence, we ask the individuals to describe the reasons for choosing that specific location and the sociodemographic characteristics of the other visitors. This methodology worked well when compared with earlier long-duration GPS tracking surveys. Respondents report, on average, 9.85 locations for nine types of venues, mainly supermarkets and restaurants or cafes, and respondents can describe their similarities with other visitors to that location. The survey is complemented with a survey of sociodemographic characteristics and the respondent’s ego-centric social network to get information on social connections and their impact on leisure activity.

Analisa Tarikan Pergerakan Pengunjung Wisata Permandian Waterpark Matua Kecamatan Alla Kabupaten Enrekang

Waterpark Matua is one of the land use objectives that can generate development attraction as a water recreation destination that offers the potential attraction of a beautiful natural panorama because it offers a view consisting of plantations and rocky hills surrounding the tourist area so that it has a beautiful and exotic photo spot. This study aims to determine the characteristics of visitors, what factors affect the attractiveness of visitors, and the growth rate factor of future visitor attraction using the furness method. This research was conducted for 2 months with questionnaire data collection, and processed using the SPSS 24 application. The results showed that the characteristics of visitors according to gender showed that most visitors were female based on a percentage of 66%, age 11-20 years with a percentage of 38%, most visitors from the Alla, Anggeraja, Curio districts with a percentage level of 38%, Students with a percentage level of 47%, the most visitors' transportation mode is motorbike with a percentage level of 70% and the movement attraction model with multiple linear regression analysis method is Y = 2.839 + 0.340 (x1) - 0.473 (x2) + 0.196 (x3) - 0.228 (x5) + 0.190 (x9) + 0.419 (x12). Factors that influence the occurrence of attraction are variables of home distance (x1), transport costs (x2), length of travel time (x3), destination to tourist attractions (x5), food prices (x9), and building conditions (x12). The growth rate factor from the analysis results using the Furness method obtained a growth factor value of Ed = 0.9897 which has met the requirements of the error tolerance limit, with an expected visitor attraction value of Dd = 3214.

Results from the ENJOY MAP for HEALTH: a quasi experiment evaluating the impact of age-friendly outdoor exercise equipment to increase older people’s park visitations and physical activity

BackgroundRecreational parks can play a significant role in older people’s health, with emerging evidence suggesting that changes in the physical environment, such as refurbishments of local parks, can increase park visitations and physical activity engagement. The ENJOY MAP for HEALTH aimed to evaluate the impact of Seniors Exercise Park installations and associated capacity building activities on older people’s park visitation, and park-based physical activity.MethodThe ENJOY MAP for HEALTH was a quasi-experiment study design that involved the installation of specialised Seniors Exercise Park equipment as part of park refurbishment, supported by promotion and community capacity building activities in six municipalities in Victoria, Australia. Direct observations of park users took place prior to park upgrades, one-month post upgrade and 12-months from baseline. The overall number and characteristics of park visitors, and the type and level of physical activity undertaken, were summarised descriptively. Generalised linear models were used to examine the impact of park refurbishment (equipment installation and site activation) on the total number of older people observed in the park, and their engagement in physical activity, accounting for site and seasonal effects.ResultsOverall number of visits increased following park upgrades, with the largest number of visitors observed one-month post upgrade (n = 12,501). The proportion of older people observed at the parks remained relatively low prior to and one-month post upgrade compared to other age groups. However, after adjusting for site and seasonal effects, the number of older people observed in the parks increased significantly post upgrade and site activation compared to prior to the refurbishment (incidence rate ratios (IRR) 3.55; 95% CI 2.68, 4.70). The number of older people observed to be exercising at the Seniors Exercise Park also increased by 100% at 12-months post-installation relative to one-month post upgrade (IRR 2.00; 95% CI 1.26, 3.17).ConclusionInstallation of the Seniors Exercise Parks and the supportive programs and activities following six park upgrades resulted in an increase in older people’s park visitation and engagement in physical activity. Community engagement and training of volunteers with the support of local governments are likely to contribute to the increased park usage by older people.Trial registrationThis trial was registered with the Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry. Trial registration number ACTRN12621000965808. https://www.anzctr.org.au/Trial/Registration/TrialReview.aspx?id=380745&isReview=true.

PERSEPSI MASYARAKAT TERHADAP OBJEK WISATA SIWANG NEGERI URIMESSING KECAMATAN NUSANIWE KOTA AMBON

This study was conducted with the aim of determining the perception of the community and visitors towards the tourist area. A quantitative descriptive approach was used in this study. Data collection was carried out through interviews with the community and visitors using a questionnaire. Data analysis was carried out using the Chi square test to see the relationship between respondent characteristics and public and visitor perceptions of tourist attractions. The results of the analysis of the relationship between characteristics and knowledge showed that the Asymp sig value was at age (0.407), gender (0.853), education level (0.407) and occupation (0.294). Relationship of Attitude with age (1,000), gender (0.235), education (0.176) and occupation (0.392). and the relationship of behavior to age (0.428), gender (0.113), education (0.692) and occupation with a value (0.802). For the relationship between visitor characteristics and perception, there was no significant relationship as seen in the Asymp sig value of knowledge to age (0.751), education (0.419) and occupation (0.577). relationship of attitude with age (0.785), gender (0.385), education (0.356) and occupation (0.356). Relationship of behavior with age (0.356), gender (0.828), education level (0.887) and occupation (0.175). While there is a relationship of knowledge with gender (0.040). This can be seen from the higher knowledge of tourist attractions among women compared to men.

국가정원 사례로 본 방문자의 관광 동기 및 지각된 가치가 만족도에 미치는 영향

The aim of this study is to investigate the factors that influence the perceived value and the factors influencing the satisfaction and perceived value derived from the tourism motivations of visitors to the Taehwagang National Garden. Specifically, the driving factors, incentive factors, and perceived value of tourism motivation were set as prerequisites for tourism satisfaction. Recently, Ulsan Metropolitan City has implemented various strategies to develop the Taehwagang National Garden and boost visitor numbers, aiming to transition from an industrial to a tourist city. However, the visitor turnout has been less than expected, given the efforts. In response to the need for strategies to ensure the sustainability of the Taehwagang National Garden, this study was conducted focusing on the characteristics of visitors who have experienced the garden. The results of the study were found to have a positive and significant effect on perceived value among the driving factors, and among the attractive factors, core tourism resources had a positive and significant effect on perceived value, and the convenience of information and facilities had a negative and significant effect on perceived value. Furthermore, a conclusion was drawn that perceived value had a positive and significant effect on tourism satisfaction. Therefore, these findings suggest that it can be used as data for establishing marketing strategies for the Taehwagang National Garden, and it is suggested that visitor satisfaction and operational sustainability can be enhanced by developing content that meets visitor needs and by expanding facilities for relaxation.

Visitor characteristics and changes in mental health stigma after attending the Mind Space mental health experience exhibition.

Mind Space is an experiential mental health exhibition in Hong Kong, aiming to raise public awareness and provide education regarding mental health. This prepost study aimed to 1) examine the relationships between visitors' characteristics and their mental health stigma at baseline, and 2) provide a preliminary evaluation of the effectiveness of Mind Space in reducing stigma and promoting help-seeking attitudes toward mental health conditions. We analyzed data from all consenting visitors who attended Mind Space between September 2019 and December 2021. Visitors' attitudes toward mental health conditions and their willingness to seek professional psychological help were measured through online questionnaires before and after visits. Multiple linear regression was used to identify the demographic predictors of outcome variables at baseline. Changes in outcome variables after attending Mind Space were assessed using paired sample t-tests. A total of 382 visitors completed the baseline questionnaires, among which 146 also completed the post-test. At baseline, higher socioeconomic levels and personal contact with people with mental health conditions predicted more positive attitudes and understanding toward mental disorders. Tentatively, the results also showed that after attending Mind Space, a significant reduction in negative attitudes about mental illness (t=4.36, p=<.001; d=.361) and improvements in the propensity to seek professional help (t=-5.20, p<.001; d=-.430) were observed, along with decreases in negative attitudes toward stereotypes (t=4.71, p=<.001; d=.421) and restrictions (t=2.29, p=.024; d=.205) among healthcare professionals. Our findings highlight the need for mental health education for people with lower socioeconomic status and the importance of direct contact in public mental health education initiatives. The present study also suggests that Mind Space may be a useful model for public mental health education, but the exhibition requires further evaluation to ascertain if any reductions in stigma are maintained over time.

Parks Visitation, Physical Activity Engagement, and Older People's Motivation for Visiting Local Parks.

Despite the health benefits of parks and outdoor recreational spaces, small numbers of older people visit parks. This study identified older park visitors' perceptions of their local parks, visit motivation, health, and physical activity level in six parks in Victoria, Australia. Characteristics of general community park visitors and their physical activity engagement were also recorded. Fifty-five older people were surveyed onsite; 92.7% lived within a 5-km distance from the park. Walking was the most common reason for visiting (36.4%), followed by walking the dog (36.4%) and exercise (23.6%). Most older visitors (77.8%) were determined as being sufficiently active. Observation of parks visitors over 1 week recorded 3,770 park visitors, with <5% being older people. Half of all park visitors were inactive, and half of older people visitors (50.5%) engaged in walking. This study supports the importance of parks, park features, and their potential in helping older people to achieve levels of physical activity required for good health.

Potential and Characteristics of Visitors to Lego-Lego South Sulawesi Tourism Objects in the Center Point of Indonesia (CPI) Makassar City

This study aims to identify the potential, and determine the characteristics of visitors to the Lego Lego tourist attraction in South Sulawesi. The research was carried out in December 2021 - January 2022 at Lego Lego Sulsel Makassar City. The sample of this study consisted of a sample of tourists, tourist attraction managers, business people and fishermen at TPI Rajawali. Determination of tourist respondents using the Accidental Sampling technique with a total sample of 96 respondents. The data sources used are primary data and secondary data and then analyzed using descriptive analysis and frequency statistics. From the results of the study, it was found that the Lego Lego South Sulawesi tourist attraction has enormous potential in terms of attractiveness, accessibility, additional facilities and services available at the tourist attraction, as well as the potential from the economic aspect in terms of employment for the people affected by the reclamation. The characteristics of tourists are based on age, domicile, gender, occupation, average income, latest education, marital status, sources of information, purpose of visiting, intensity of visit, time of visit, visiting partners, transportation, costs and length of trip.

ANALYSING DEMOGRAPHIC TRENDS AND VISITORS SATISFACTION AT THE NATIONAL MUSEUM, DELHI

Background: As demographics shifts continue, the National Museum in Delhi consistently adapts to ensure visitor satisfaction through diverse and enriching experiences. The study at the National Museum in Delhi delves into visitor demographics, preferences, and satisfaction, aiming to answer three primary research questions regarding visitor expectation, personalization, and satisfaction while pursuing three key objectives through exp loring the interplay among these factors. Objectives: To assess the alignment between visitor expectations and experiences, identifying contributing factors, to evaluate the extent of personalization at the museum and propose enhancement strategies, to investigate the impact of improved personalization on visitor satisfaction, aiming to achieve key study objectives. Methodology: A quantitative approach was employed, utilizing surveys to gather data from a sample of 100 museum visitors in Delhi. Structured questionnaire focused on visitor demographics, motivations, satisfaction level, and feedback. Canonical Correlation Analysis (CCA) and regression analysis were used for data analysis. Results: Visitors’ profile, indicating a predominant age group of 35-44 years comprising 28%, while most visitors hold Bachelor degree at 37%. Additionally, the survey reveals that 40% of respondents visit National Museum occasionally, followed by 30 % who visit rarely. No statistically significant influence of visitor characteristics or behaviours on the museum’s ability to cater to a diverse audience is found. Conclusion: The research provides valuable insights into visitor experiences and behaviours at the National Museum in Delhi. Despite limitations such as a small sample size and cross-sectional nature, the findings lay a foundation for understanding factors shaping visitor experiences. Practical implications are discussed for enhancing satisfaction and personalization efforts, with a call for further research to consider larger and more diverse samples and different variables.

Characteristics Analysis of Glamping Visitors in The Covid-19 Pandemic (Case Study on Glamping Lakeside Rancabali)

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the analysis of the characteristics of glamping visitors during the covid-19 pandemic at Glamping Lakeside Rancabali. Research metods: In obtaining the desired research results, this study used descriptive research methods with a quantitative approach, and purposive sampling through questionnaires. Result and discussion: The results of this study indicate that in general the analysis of the characteristics of glamping visitors is seen from positive environmental, personal, and social factors on a trip or vacation to Glamping Lakeside Rancabali. Implication: In this study, it can be concluded that the gender of the respondents, both male and female, is 42 (male) and 33 (female), the age characteristics of Glamping Lakeside Rancabali visitors are dominated by young adults, namely 21-30 years, from the province and domiciled in DKI Jakarta, the most recent education attained by the most respondents is the respondent with a high school education level, the income or income of the most respondents is the respondent with an income of IDR 2,500,000 – IDR 3,500,000. The results of the CHAID analysis obtained by researchers are the dependent variable used in this study, namely public transportation, while for the independent variables (free) used are 10 other indicators. The conclusion obtained is that the chi-square test is h0 rejected, which means that the dependent and independent variables have a relationship. Keywords: Glamorous Camping, Guest Characteristics, Covid-19 Pandemic

Recharging Retail: Estimating Consumer Demand Spillovers from Electric Vehicle Charging Stations

Problem definition: We estimate the impact of electric vehicle (EV) charging stations on volumes of consumer foot traffic received by nearby retail establishments. We also explore the conditions under which any effects manifest. Methodology/results: We use a differences-in-differences design, exploiting the staggered introduction of Tesla Supercharger stations across the United States. We combine data on Supercharger installations with mobile phone–based estimates of retailer foot traffic. We explore heterogeneity in the treatment effect, in terms of EV charger characteristics, visitor characteristics, establishment type, and local physical context. We estimate that establishments experience an average 4% increase in monthly visits following the installation of a Tesla Supercharger. These effects arise primarily for retailers that offer relatively quick services (e.g., fast food) and for those located very near to the charger (within 150 meters). The effects are also more pronounced when the Supercharger is one of the first EV chargers introduced into the local area. Managerial implications: We document evidence of the positive retail demand spillovers arising from EV charging station infrastructure. We also document the conditions under which the benefits manifest. Insights for EV network operators, retailers, and policymakers are included. Supplemental Material: The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/msom.2022.0519 .

Valuasi Ekonomi Ekowisata Arboretum Aek Natonang Kecamatan Simanindo Kabupaten Samosir Provinsi Sumatera Utara dengan Pendekatan Travel Cost Method

Aek Natonang Arboretum Ecotourism in Samosir Regency, North Sumatra Province has natural beauty that can be used as a tourist attraction for every visitor. The natural beauty that is owned in reality is not calculated into economic value or market value, so it is important to do economic valuation. By doing this research, it can be known the characteristics of visitors, the amount of economic value of Aek Natonang Arboretum ecotourism based on the travel cost method and find out the factors that influence the intensity of visits. The economic valuation method used is the travel cost method. The travel cost method is applied to estimate the economic value of Aek Natonang Arboretum ecotourism by calculating the cost of travel expenses. Data on travel costs and the number of visits were collected through interviews using questionnaires to visitors within a certain period of time. Then proceed with multiple linear regression analysis to determine the factors that affect the intensity of ecotourism visits to Aek Natonang Arboretum. The results of economic valuation with the travel cost method obtained an average value of Rp238.170,00/visit and the economic value of Aek Natonang Arboretum ecotourism is Rp2.358.359.340,00/year. Factors that influence the intensity of visits are distance, length of travel and travel costs.

Visitor Decision System in Selection of Tourist Sites Based on Hybrid of Chi-Square And K-NN Methods

Madura Island is one of the islands with a lot of tourism spread over four districts, such as natural, religious, and cultural tourism. And every year, various visitors visit various tourist sites in Madura, so an increase in the number of visitors has been found in multiple places. This is influenced in addition to the type of tourist attraction but also changes in tourist behavior in making decisions to visit tourist objects. Most of the researchers have applied the right decision-making with intelligence-based measurement. However, the accuracy obtained has not yet reached the optimal solution. Therefore, this study uses the Chi-Square and K-Nearest Neighbors (K-NN) methods to recommend tourist attraction locations based on visitor characteristics to increase visitor attractiveness in tourist attractions scattered in Bangkalan, Madura. Chi-Square is used to select features that affect tourist attraction visitor factors by testing the relationship between the variables involved. Meanwhile, K-NN is a method of classifying potential visitor attractions based on their characteristics by using the closest membership calculation, which is the largest from the test data. The calculation is carried out by the square of the Euclidian distance from each object, then sorted from the smallest to the largest value and looking for the value of k as the result of the decision. There are ten features used in the classification, such as tourism type, management services, facilities, gender, age, occupation, education, visitor status, ticket prices, and sales trends. There are three classes classified: low, medium, and high visitor attractiveness. The contribution of this study is to analyze the effect of the characteristics of tourist attraction visitors on increasing visitor attractiveness using the chi-square and K-NN methods. Based on the results of system testing using K-Fold Cross Validation with five folds from 315 datasets, it produces the highest accuracy at k-fold = 3 worth 84.12% with eight selected features.

KARAKTERISTIK PENGUNJUNG OBJEK WISATA PIUGUS RESORT DESA BELIBAK DI KEPULAUAN ANAMBAS RIAU

Belibak is a village in Palmatak District, Anambas Islands Regency, Riau Islands Province. Belibak was designated as a "new tourism" village by Mr. Abdul Haris, the regent of Anambas Regency in 2015. Among those small islands, Anambas has five big separate lands that could be new tourism potential, namely Belibak, Piugus, Pidik, Mantang Besar and Mantang Kecil. Piugus Resort in Belibak village is known for its calm and quiet beach which attracts tourists to come to visit. In this research the author analyzes the characteristics of visitors to the Piugus Resort tourist attraction in Belibak village. The atmosphere of Piugus Resort, which is not as busy as other tourist attractions, encourage this research to be carried out. This research aims to determine the characteristics of visitors based on the characteristics of travel patterns. The method used in this research is a qualitative descriptive method and data was collected using a direct interview method with the management of Piugus Resort. The results of this research show that tourists visiting Piugus Resort have varying characteristics. In terms of destination, tourists who come to visit Piugus Resort have the aim of vacationing and resting. Visitors who come to Piugus Resort are mostly foreign tourists. The travel to get to Piugus Resort is five minutes by speedboat from Belibak village or 15 minutes by sea-motorbike. In term of length of stay at Piugus Resort is more than 24 hours to a month's stay. Most tourists who come to visit Piugus Resort to stay overnight, travel and spend holidays together, especially with colleagues or with family.

Dimensions of Visitor Satisfaction at Attractions: A Study of Kakum National Park, Ghana

Abstract Attractions are crucial in contributing to the overall satisfaction of visitors in tourism, and ensuring the satisfaction of visitors is key to the sustenance of attractions at destinations. Therefore, this study sought to ascertain the extent to which visitors are satisfied with the service dimensions at Kakum National Park (KNP), and to ascertain whether service dimensions vary with visitors’ socio-demographic characteristics. The study adopted a cross-sectional field survey and sampled 367 respondents for data collection using a questionnaire. Data were analysed via the mean scores and standard deviation. Independent t-tests and ANOVA were used to explore the difference between dimensions of satisfaction and socio-demographic characteristics of visitors. The study found that some satisfaction dimensions at the KNP in the Central region of Ghana vary with certain socio-demographic characteristics of visitors, namely age, continent of origin and level of education, at p-value ≤ 0.05. Visitors were found to be satisfied with all measured dimensions except the price. The study therefore recommends that the management of the attractions adopt conscious service strategies to enrich the experience of visitors in order to ensure better value for their money. This study’s findings expand knowledge about visitor satisfaction and how satisfaction dimensions vary with socio-demographic characteristics at destinations.

Study on Multidimensional Perception of National Forest Village Landscape Based on Digital Footprint Support—Anhui Xidi Village as an Example

National Forest Villages in China are village types with significant environmental resources and cultural landscapes that play a vital role in ecological conservation, tourism development, territorial planning, and other elements. Understanding tourists’ landscape perception preferences is important to the long-term development of their landscape systems. Using Xidi village from the second batch of National Forest Villages as a research case, we gathered the evaluation digital footprints of visitors to the village with Python (version 3.12.0) and then used the ROST CM6 software and the semantic network analysis method to sort out the general characteristics of visitors’ perceptions of the village’s landscape. Finally, we constructed a multidimensional landscape perception model by studying precise details of passengers’ views of Xidi village on four dimensions: natural landscape, humanistic landscape, landscape environmental atmosphere, and emotional state. The findings show that travelers’ perceptions of Xidi village’s landscape primarily focus on scenery, architecture, and culture, with the humanistic landscape having the strongest degree of perception, the landscape environment atmosphere having the middle degree of perception, and the natural landscape having a weaker degree of perception. Most travelers have positive emotions, and commercialization and homogenization are negative factors that trigger negative emotions. The optimization recommendations for Xidi village’s landscape system are then offered in light of the study’s findings.

Emergency contraceptive provision in the emergency department and risk analysis for delayed utilization in South Korea.

In certain nations, the emergency department (ED) has been designated as the primary center to provide emergency contraception (EC). However, analyses of ED visits for EC are limited. Moreover, ED-based research that focuses on time is limited to only a few surveys. The aims of this study were to examine the characteristics of ED visitors for EC and the interval between the coitus and arrival at the ED, and to analyze the factors associated with delays in visiting the ED. This retrospective cohort study involved patients at 2 urban tertiary academic hospitals in South Korea. All patients who presented to the ED for EC between January 2019 and December 2021 were analyzed. The median age of the participants was 26 years. The most common variables were age of 20 to 29 years (42.0%), evening visits (34.9%), weekends or public holidays (62.6%), single status (89.2%), and visits after contraceptive failure (79.1%). The mean time interval was 7.49 hours, and 77.4% of all patients visited the ED within 12 hours. Patients who received public sex education presented earlier (P < .001). ED visits after nonconsensual sexual incidents represented significantly delayed presentations (P < .001). Regression analysis revealed that both the lack of public education and the occurrence of nonconsensual coitus were associated with incident-to-ED visit intervals of >12 hours. Most patients received emergency contraceptive pill (ECP) within the recommended timeframe. In particular, nationwide school-based public sex education positively affected early ECP access. In contrast, ECP provision was delayed for patients who experienced nonconsensual coitus. Strategies for timely ECP access should account for possible concerns about stigmatization and privacy.