Visual Training Research Articles

Evaluation of Publicly Available Instagram Social Media Information on Vision Therapy.

Social media is a popular, poorly vetted health care information source. Vision therapy is a controversial topic that some claim can benefit patients with visual processing disorders, despite no supporting evidence. The authors assessed quality of Instagram (Meta Platforms) posts tagged with #visiontherapy, finding few high-quality posts and no correlation between engagement and quality. [J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus. 2025;62(1):e8-e13.].

Content foundations of future visual arts specialists training in higher education institutions of the USA

The article clarifies content foundations of future visual arts specialists’ professional training in higher education institutions in the USA. The historical foundations of future visual arts specialists’ professional training in higher education institutions in the USA were revealed. It is found that the history of art education development in the USA dates back to the late 18th century, and began with individual art subjects in urban schools, and then developed and modernized thanks to new concepts in the field of art. Within the regulatory framework, the provisions of a number of laws are characterized, in particular, the “Higher Education Act”, which regulates general provisions for higher education institutions functioning in the USA, and are based on the principles of freedom of expression and artistic activity; development of creative and critical thinking; promoting free and open exchange of ideas; students should be treated equally and fairly; the diversity and breadth of artistic theories and methods; taking into account the opinions of students in all aspects of university life; equality of opportunities (social, gender, etc.) and so on. The content of future visual arts specialists’ training in higher education institutions in the USA was highlighted on the example of the educational program provided by the Taylor School of Art and Architecture, Temple University in the specialty “Graphic Design”, specialization “Illustration and New Media”. It is determined that the purpose of training students in higher art education institutions in the USA is to increase their professional competence in the field of visual arts and provide them with appropriate consultations. The selection of methods for teaching graphic design in accordance with the main type of activity, as well as development of professional and general theoretical skills, which correspond to the individual creative abilities of students, are also aimed at improving their professional experience.

Test-Retest Reliability and Reliable Change Estimates for Sensorimotor Concussion Assessments in Healthy Young Adults.

Sensorimotor impairments are common sequela following concussion, but recovery following a concussion is often determined through examiner scored clinical testing. There are emerging technologies that provide objective methods to determine physiological impairment after concussion, but the psychometrics of these tools are lacking and must be established for use in clinical practice. The purpose of this study was to examine the test-retest reliability and provide reliable change estimates in healthy young adults for outcomes from 3 emerging technologies providing objective assessments of sensorimotor function in healthy young adults. Test-retest reliability design in a laboratory setting. Healthy, young adults completed testing at 2 time points 4weeks apart on the Bertec Vision Trainer, the Concussion Balance Test (COBALT), and the Neurolign Dx-100eye-tracking system. We determined test-retest reliability using intraclass correlation coefficients with a 2-way mixed-effects model absolute agreement. Reliable change estimates were calculated for 70%, 80%, 90%, and 95% CIs. Participants included 30 healthy young adults (age = 25 [5]y, interquartile range = 20-29; range = 18-38; 17% [57%] women). Test-retest reliability for the Bertec Vision Trainer outcomes ranged from 0.56 to 0.88, with 45% of the outcomes being classified as clinically acceptable (>.70 intraclass correlation coefficients ); for COBALT conditions, sway velocity ranged from 0.50 to 0.95, 95% ellipse area ranged from -0.22 to 0.88, and Sway Score ranged from 0.07 to 0.85, with 50% of COBALT metrics being clinically acceptable; and for the Dx-100,outcomes ranged from -0.20 to 0.89, with 52% being clinically acceptable. Overall, test-retest reliability was moderate-to-good for the Bertec Vision Trainer assessment outcomes but were highly variable for outcomes of postural control using the COBALT and eye-tracking metrics using the Dx-100. This study adds clinically relevant test-retest reliability and reliable change estimates in healthy adults for 3 commercially available sensorimotor assessments.

Managing Retinitis Pigmentosa: A Literature Review of Current Non-Surgical Approaches.

Retinitis pigmentosa (RP) is a heterogeneous group of inherited retinal diseases characterized by the progressive loss of photoreceptor function, visual impairment, and, ultimately, blindness. While gene therapy has emerged as a promising therapy, it is currently available only for the RPE65 gene mutation, leaving many patients without targeted genetic treatments. Non-surgical interventions may help in managing the progression of RP and improving patients' quality of life. Visual training and rehabilitation, maximizing residual vision, have shown potential in improving mobility and patients' ability to perform daily activities. Visual aids enhance visual function. Moreover, photo-protection demonstrated effectiveness in mitigating light-induced damage and improving visual comfort. Alternative therapies (i.e., electrostimulation, acupuncture, and ozone therapy) are being explored to preserve retinal function and reduce disease progression. Pharmacological interventions supported by nutritional and psychological counseling play a role in slowing retinal degeneration while managing the emotional burden of progressive vision loss. Although for these interventions, further validation is required, their potential benefits make them valuable additions to care for RP patients. The integration of these interventions into a multidisciplinary care approach-including ophthalmologists, orthoptist, dietitians, and psychologists-is essential for providing comprehensive, personalized care to RP patients while awaiting more widespread gene therapy solutions.

Real-World Evidence on Digital Therapeutics in Pediatric Amblyopia: Insights into Rapid Axial Elongation Risk.

To evaluate the impact of daily digital therapeutics (DTx) on the risk of rapid axial elongation (RAE) in children with amblyopia using real-world data. Retrospective cohort study. A total of 1,394 children aged 3 to 12 years with amblyopia, of which 477 received DTx. Children in the DTx group underwent 30 minutes of daily vision therapy, with axial length (AL) measured at baseline and during follow-up. Cox proportional hazards models were used to assess the risk of RAE, defined as an annual axial elongation exceeding safety thresholds based on age and myopia status. The primary outcome was the hazard ratio (HR) for RAE associated with DTx, adjusted for age, gender, best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), cycloplegic spherical equivalent refraction (SER), amblyopic eye, type of amblyopia, and baseline AL. A total of 641 children (45.98%) experienced RAE. DTx use increased the risk of RAE by 65% (HR: 1.65; 95% CI: 1.40-1.96; P < 0.001), with consistent findings across all subgroups (P for interaction >0.05). The increased risk was particularly noted in children with hyperopia, suggesting the potential for DTx to influence axial growth in this population. DTx is associated with an increased risk of RAE in children with amblyopia, highlighting the need for careful monitoring of AL during therapy. While DTx offers visual acuity improvements, its potential impact on ocular growth should be balanced, particularly in hyperopic and pre-myopic children.

Improvements in Visual Perception and Eye Movement Following Vision Therapy in Children with Intermittent Exotropia

Improvements in Visual Perception and Eye Movement Following Vision Therapy in Children with Intermittent Exotropia

The effect of stroboscopic vision training on the performance of elite curling athletes

The effect of stroboscopic vision training on the performance of elite curling athletes

Imagery Training: Effects on Concentration and Performance of Kata Karate Athletes by Gender Overview

Psychological factors are one of the factors that support athlete performance. Therefore, there is a need for psychological training to overcome various psychological problems, especially the concentration and performance of karate athletes. This study aims to examine the effect of imagery training on the concentration and performance of kata karate athletes based on gender. This research uses an experimental method with a post-test only design. The sample used in this research was 10 karate kata Gokasi athletes from Bandung City, consisting of 5 female and 5 male athletes aged 11-13 years. Intensive imagery training was given as a research treatment, where they would imagine detailed word movements with an exercise duration of 10-15 minutes per session, frequency 3-4 times a week for 4 weeks. Measurements were carried out in two aspects, namely concentration using the Concentration Grid Test (CGT) and performance using the jury’s assessment through mini-events. Data analysis was carried out using the SPSS Version 27 statistical test. The results of the study showed that the impact of visualization training on the focus and performance of karate kata athletes, both male and female, varied greatly. Male athletes outperformed female athletes in the concentration variable, while female athletes outperformed male athletes in the performance variable. Thus, it can be said that imagination training is one of the exercises that can be used to help karate kata athletes, both male and female, to be more focused and perform better.

Eye yoga exercises to reduce eye fatigue syndrome during online learning

Background: Eye fatigue syndrome increases as students use computers and smartphones during online learning. Interventions to reduce the eye fatigue syndrome and avoid the severity of its symptoms need to be performed with appropriate and easy-to-practice techniques.Objective: This study aims to determine effects of eye yoga exercises on eye fatigue syndrome in students during online learning. Methods: This study applied one group pretest-post-test design involving 30 students from Universitas ‘Aisyiyah Bandung, West Java Province, Indonesia. Its samples were collected by using a proportional stratified random sampling. The eye yoga exercises were practiced four times for one week and had to begin 30 minutes after the end of online learning. The eye fatigue syndrome was measured using the Computer Vision Syndrome Questionnaire (CVS-Q). The difference in the intervention effect was calculated by using the Wilcoxon Signed-Rank Test. Results: This study revealed that the yoga eye exercises significantly affected the eye fatigue syndrome (Z= -4.636; p-value &lt; 0.05). The average eye fatigue score decreased; the eye fatigue score before the intervention was 14.40 ± 9.17, and it decreased to 9.17 ± 4.88 after the eye yoga exercise intervention was given.Conclusion: Eye yoga exercises can reduce the level of eye fatigue syndrome in students who are learning by using electronic devices. The exercises can be performed independently to reduce this syndrome when working with a computer or smartphone. This intervention can be a standard for preventing the syndrome in educational institutions by incorporating eye yoga exercises after learning activities, particularly in online learning.

The impact of traumatic brain injury on visual processing: a neuro-ophthalmological perspective.

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a critical global health issue characterized by perturbance in cerebral function attributed to mechanical force. TBI often precipitates significant visual impairment that negatively impacts the patients' quality of life. This review examines the effects of TBI on visual function from a neuro-ophthalmological perspective, focusing on the assessment, diagnostics, and management of associated sequelae. A comprehensive literature review was conducted using PubMed/MEDLINE, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar to garner and collate relevant data. TBI may result in visual field defects, ocular motor dysfunction, insufficiency of accommodation, and photosensitivity. Early detection remains a profound challenge, partly due to a dearth of standardized protocols for evaluating visual impairment. Diagnostic methodologies include visual field testing, ocular motility assessments, and fundus photography, while rehabilitation approaches encompass vision therapy and low-vision rehabilitation. Establishing hospital-based multidisciplinary teams is essential for effectively addressing TBI-related visual impairment. Future research should prioritize evidence-based treatment protocols and explore diverse vision rehabilitation strategies through large-scale studies.

The construction of sports training quality evaluation model based on sensor data

Based on the visual quality of the training evaluation as a technology is closely related to People’s Daily life, has the very high research value, and in the near future will be in medical, health, security, etc. has a broad application prospect. In the human body based on visual training quality evaluation in the research of this field, human action recognition technology is one of the core technology, is also a research hotspot recently. The technology is mainly to solve the classification problem of human actions, but in practice, it is not enough to study classification problem, sometimes need to evaluate the quality of the completion of human action, namely human motion evaluation technology, provides the user with feedback, correct mistakes, thus improve the action degree of standardization. This paper analyzes and compares all kinds of action selection radio gymnastic sports training as a quality evaluation object, and using Microsoft’s depth camera device as acquisition equipment, data to obtain three-dimensional skeleton of the body joints. Human bone joint data from the device has the problem of “distortion”, this paper adopted the average filtering algorithm for data preprocessing, the experimental results show that average filtering algorithm can not only protect. The high sensitivity and good smoothing effect.

The impact of strobe visual training on the sports vision abilities of elite clay target shooters

Background: The act of clay target shooting is widely considered to be among the most challenging activities and visual abilities may serve as a limiting factor in shooting performance. Investigating the influence of Stobing visual training on the motor visual ability and special performance of elite clay target shooters. Method: The study involved 26 elite athletes from the Chinese national clay target shooting team (11 males, 15 females), divided into experimental group (n = 13) and control group (n = 13), subjected to eight weeks of general and specialized strobe visual training through experimental methods, utilizing Senaptec testing system to assess the athletes’ motor visual ability, utilizing the result of two qualification races to assess the special performance, analyzing the impact of SVT on the motor visual ability and special performance of clay target shooters. Statistical analysis of the results was performed using Mann-Whitney U rank sum test, independent samples t-test, Wilcoxon signed-rank test, or paired samples t-test. Results: There was no statistical difference in any of the sports vision ability indicators between the experimental group and the control group before the intervention (P &gt; 0.05). Post intervention, except for visual clarity, contrast sensitivity, and perception depth (P &gt; 0.05), all other indicators and the result of special performance showed significant differences (P &lt; 0.05). Conclusion: Long-term strobe visual training intervention resulted in improved perceptual and motor visual abilities in clay target shooters, displayed as enhanced indices in target capturing, reaction time, decision mechanisms, hand-eye coordination, distance switching, perceptual range, and multi-target tracking ability software indices combined with the special performance. However, the long-term intervention of strobe visual training didn’t show notable improvement and promotion on visual system hardware indices.

Skin-Friendly Large Matrix Iontronic Sensing Meta-Fabric for Spasticity Visualization and Rehabilitation Training via Piezo-Ionic Dynamics

Rehabilitation training is believed to be an effectual strategy that can reduce the risk of dysfunction caused by spasticity. However, achieving visualization rehabilitation training for patients remains clinically challenging. Herein, we propose visual rehabilitation training system including iontronic meta-fabrics with skin-friendly and large matrix features, as well as high-resolution image modules for distribution of human muscle tension. Attributed to the dynamic connection and dissociation of the meta-fabric, the fabric exhibits outstanding tactile sensing properties, such as wide tactile sensing range (0 ~ 300kPa) and high-resolution tactile perception (50Pa or 0.058%). Meanwhile, thanks to the differential capillary effect, the meta-fabric exhibits a "hitting three birds with one stone" property (dryness wearing experience, long working time and cooling sensing). Based on this, the fabrics can be integrated with garments and advanced data analysis systems to manufacture a series of large matrix structure (40 × 40, 1600 sensing units) training devices. Significantly, the tunability of piezo-ionic dynamics of the meta-fabric and the programmability of high-resolution imaging modules allow this visualization training strategy extendable to various common disease monitoring. Therefore, we believe that our study overcomes the constraint of standard spasticity rehabilitation training devices in terms of visual display and paves the way for future smart healthcare.

The feasibility of a visuo-cognitive training intervention using a mobile application and exercise with stroboscopic glasses in Parkinson's: Findings from a pilot randomised controlled trial.

There is currently no pharmacological treatment for visuo-cognitive impairments in Parkinson's disease. Alternative strategies are needed to address these non-motor symptoms given their impact on quality of life. Novel technologies have potential to deliver multimodal rehabilitation of visuo-cognitive dysfunction, but more research is required to determine their feasibility in Parkinson's. To determine the feasibility and preliminary efficacy of a home-based, technological visuo-cognitive training (TVT) intervention using a mobile application and exercise with stroboscopic glasses compared to non-technological care in people with Parkinson's. This 18-month, parallel, two-arm pilot trial took place between July 2021-December 2022. Participants were community-dwelling individuals with a diagnosis of Parkinson's, aged over 50 years. Participants were randomly allocated to one of two active four-week interventions, TVT (n = 20) or standard care (SC) (n = 20). A physiotherapist delivered 8 home visits over 4 weeks, lasting 45-60 mins. Participants were evaluated at baseline and then on completion of the intervention. Primary outcomes were feasibility of the study design and intervention (recruitment/retention, adherence, assessment time scale, equipment and safety). Exploratory outcomes included assessments of cognitive, visual, clinical and motor function. (Blinding of participants was not possible due to the nature of the intervention). The recruitment rate was 60% (40/67), and the retention rate was 98% (39/40). Adherence to both arms of the intervention was high, with participants attending 98% of visits in the TVT group and 96% of visits in the SC group. 35% (9/20) of participants in the TVT group experienced mild symptoms associated with use of the stroboscopic glasses which included dizziness, queasiness and unsteadiness. There were minimal between group differences, with both interventions having positive effects on a variety of clinical, cognitive, and physical performance outcomes. Our findings suggest that home-based TVT with a physiotherapist is feasible in people with Parkinson's and could provide an alternative approach to addressing cognitive and motor dysfunction in this population. We make recommendations for future trials and invite ensuing studies to improve upon the design and utilise stroboscopic visual training and digital tools to investigate this emerging area of multimodal rehabilitation. This trial was prospectively registered at ISRCTN (registration number: ISRCTN46164906; https://doi.org/10.1186/ISRCTN46164906).

Efficacy of visual sensory training in dyslexia

Efficacy of visual sensory training in dyslexia

Training vision in athletes to improve sports performance: a systematic review of the literature

ABSTRACT Sports vision training (SVT) refers to a training regimen designed to enhance visual skills that are essential for sports performance under the theory that such enhancement will lead to improved athletic performance. SVT regimens involve a variety of drills aimed at improving visual sensitivity, depth perception, tracking, reaction time, hand-eye coordination, and cognition important for success in sports. A growing body of empirical research has sought to develop and test SVT programs in athletes including training activities implemented in controlled, simulated, and naturalistic settings. This pre-registered, systematic review seeks to identify, describe, and evaluate the empirical literature addressing SVT. 126 articles were identified that tested SVT in athlete populations from many different sports and at all levels of achievement. While most studies reported improvements in generic and sports-specific visual abilities, and many also reported benefits in sports performance, the strongest evidence of performance improvements came from studies utilizing naturalistic training approaches where training activities were conducted with sports-specific stimuli or tasks. Despite this, relatively few studies used rigorous methods such as randomization, placebo-control, and blinding and therefore, while there is promising preliminary evidence in support of SVT, future studies will require improved methods and larger samples to move the field forward.

The potential role of retinal slip in National Football League (NFL) officiating and its effect on on-field decision making: mechanisms and countermeasures.

Visual processing involves numerous neuro-ophthalmic pathways that enable humans to perceive and interact with the world. These visual pathways can negatively impact visual perception and decision-making. The Vestibulo-Ocular Reflex (VOR) is a compensatory mechanism that stabilizes gaze on a target during head movement, such as running or turning. However, inadequate VOR stabilization can lead to retinal slip, reducing visual acuity. In the National Football League (NFL), officials require exceptional visual training and performance. NFL officiating utilize rapid visual processing, strategic movements, and precise judgement to make accurate penalty calls in real-time. Retinal slip can adversely affect play calling and penalty assessment by NFL officials. Despite these challenges, NFL officials achieve high precision and accuracy in up to 98.9% of plays. To maintain such high standards, the NFL has implemented a standardized curriculum to mitigate the effects of VOR and retinal slip. This manuscript outlines the basics of VOR function and explores countermeasures to minimize retinal slip in NFL officiating. We believe that these scientific endeavours can improve both penalty assessment accuracy and precision. The use of these general principles might also be potentially applicable to other sports.

A Preliminary Study on Effectiveness of Varying Dose of Paretic Upper Limb Training with Visual Deprivation in Poststroke Patients: A Randomised Clinical Tria

Introduction: Poststroke Upper Limb (UL) rehabilitation with visual deprivation has shown potential in enhancing motor recovery through neural plasticity. However, the optimal dosage remains unclear. Aim: To evaluate the effectiveness of varying doses of paretic UL training with visual deprivation in stroke patients. Materials and Methods: This single-centre, parallel-group, single-blinded, randomised clinical trial involved 36 stroke patients who were randomly distributed into three groups varying in treatment frequency: Group A (n=12) received two sessions per week, Group B (n=12) received three sessions per week, and Group C (n=12) received five sessions per week for four weeks. Each session lasted 40 minutes of visual deprivation training for the paretic UL. A trained physiotherapist, who was blinded to group allocation, conducted pre- and postevaluations. The Wolf Motor Function Test was the principal outcome measure. This study utilised Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) for between group comparisons and independent sample t-tests for within group pre-post comparisons, with a significance level of 5%. Results: Out of the 36 study participants, three dropouts were recorded by the completion of the study: one from Group A and two from Group B. The average age of participants was 54.75±8.06 years, and the duration of stroke was 10.08±4.35 months, with 69.4% experiencing left-sided involvement. All groups showed significant improvement. Group C exhibited the highest improvement in the Wolf Motor Function Test score, with an F value of 42.86 (p-value=0.001). Post-hoc analysis revealed a significant difference in motor score improvement in Group C, (p-value=0.001). Additionally, Group C demonstrated greater improvements in the Wolf Motor Functional Ability Score (WMFAS), with a mean improvement of 15.00±0.82 (F=158.00, p-value=0.001). Conclusion: Visual deprivation training with higher intensity (five sessions per week) was effective in improving UL motor function in poststroke patients, proving superior to lower intensity (two or three sessions per week). These results highlight the importance of frequent training. Future research with larger and more diverse stroke patient populations, as well as long-term follow-up studies, is needed to validate these findings.

Comment on: Pencil push up training compared with binocular vision training in the management of slight post operative under correction of intermittent exotropia.

Comment on: Pencil push up training compared with binocular vision training in the management of slight post operative under correction of intermittent exotropia.

Visual Art-Based Training Improves Medical Students’ Radiologic Labeling Skills by Improving Their Contrast Sensitivity: A Prospective, Controlled Study

Visual Art-Based Training Improves Medical Students’ Radiologic Labeling Skills by Improving Their Contrast Sensitivity: A Prospective, Controlled Study