Vision Of Governance Research Articles

“Our God, and Our Guns”: Religion and Politics on the Revolutionary Frontier

ABSTRACT This article explores religion and politics on Pennsylvania's revolutionary frontier through two key events, the Paxton Riots and the Whiskey Rebellion. The author argues religion shaped frontiersmen's understanding of the proper role of government and provided justification for resistance and extralegal action. Moreover, the understanding of government promoted by religious leaders and frontier peoples presented an image of civil society and government at odds with the scholarly literature that often presents frontiersmen as antigovernment “proto-Lockeans,” prizing personal independence and individual rights. The words and actions of ministers, the Paxton Boys, and Whiskey Rebels adhered to a man in society, public welfare vision of government that set a high standard for the role of government in society and provided justification to both regulate and resist government when it failed to meet that standard. These events also demonstrate the continuity of a frontier political logic shaping events in the pre- and post-independence eras.

OVERGROWN COURTYARDS AND TILLED FIELDS: IMAGE-BASED DEBATES ON GOVERNANCE AND BODY POLITICS IN THEMENGZI,ZHUANGZI, ANDHUAINANZI

AbstractThus far, scholarship on early China has mainly focused on conceptual debates and re-interpretations of terminology. I showcase in this article a methodology called metaphorology that enables us to analyze how discourses developed through the reworking of images. In particular, I reconstruct a discourse on governance and self-cultivational practices as enshrined inMengzi3A.4, theZhuangzi’s “Mati” chapter andHuainanzi9.13. WhileMengzi3A.4 purports that the cultivation of agricultural fields and human bodies are necessary steps in the civilizational process, theZhuangzi’s “Mati” chapter demands a decultivation of the human population and a return to the wilderness. In my reading,Huainanzi9.13, from the “Arts of Rulership” chapter, amalgamates these two image-based debates with the help of the metaphors of the ruler as an overgrown courtyard and the officials as tilled fields. Hence, I propose thatHuainanzi9.13 creates its integrative vision of governance that promotes both education and decultivation by synthesizing the “Mati” chapter's focus on wilderness andMengzi3A.4's concerns with tilling. As a result, I encourage us to engage fully in imagery's role as a central and foundational aspect of early Chinese debate culture rather than a rhetorical side effect of its various discourses.

European perspectives on constitutional pluralism(s): an ontological roadmap

ABSTRACTConstitutional pluralism has become a pivotal heuristic in framing and evaluating the interaction between different modes of legal authority within and beyond the state. This paper explores the legal ontologies and normative aspirations from which these transnational constitutional imaginaries emerge. An inquiry into the constitutional paradigms of MacCormick, Maduro and Kumm reveals three distinct ontologies: law, respectively, as (i) an institutional; (ii) a relational; and (iii) a meta-normative phenomenon. This ontological perspective elucidates a shift in transnational constitutional discourse: from its focus on pluralism and heterarchy (the ‘pluralization of constitutionalism’), the paradigm gave rise to a rationalist renaissance of monism under meta-constitutional principles (the ‘constitutionalization of pluralism’). These different templates translate the jurisprudential dichotomy between positivism and normative legal theory to a transnational language, and articulate opposing visions of global governance. The transnational constitutional imaginary, I conclude, fails to accommodate visions of law as a space for democratic contestation or heterodox politics.

Manufacturing an Artificial Intelligence Revolution

While the term Artificial Intelligence (AI) was coined in the 1950s, in recent years has become a focus of attention in mainstream media. Yet the forces behind AI's revival have been unclear. I argue here that the AI label has been rebranded to promote a contested vision of world governance through big data. Major tech companies have played a key role in the rebranding, partly by hiring academics that work on big data (which has been effectively relabeled AI) and helping to create the sense that super-human is imminent. However, I argue that the latest systems are premised on an old behaviorist of intelligence that's far from encompassing human thought. In practice, the confusion around AI's capacities serves as a pretext for imposing more metrics upon human endeavors and advancing traditional neoliberal policies. The revived AI, like its predecessors, seeks intelligence with a view from nowhere (disregarding race, gender and class)---which can also be used to mask institutional power in visions of AI-based governance. Ultimately, AI's rebranding showcases how corporate interests can rapidly reconfigure academic fields. It also brings to light how a nebulous technical term (AI) may be exploited for political gain.

The Tennis Shoe Army and Leviathan: Relics and Specters of Big Government in The Road

Differently than many other post-apocalyptic stories, Cormac McCarthy’s The Road offers scant evidence of either the influence of political events or ideas or of an authorial ambition to construct a vision of political order. To the extent that parallels can be drawn between the novel’s presentation of a tennis shoe army on the march, which resembles dream-like processions in other McCarthy novels, and Thomas Hobbes’ vision of an absolutist government as Leviathan, this essay argues that The Road can be seen as conveying an aversion to the impersonal rule of the bureaucratic state.

The Strategy for Preparing Human Resources in Order to Make It as the Maritims of the World

Indonesia as the largest archipelagic country in the world has great potential to become the world maritime axis seen from Indonesia's strategic position which is very busy passing the world trade traffic through the sea. The world maritime axis is a strategic idea to put Indonesia's role and function in the international world. Development of maritime sector can also be applied to the nation's commitment in maintaining and managing marine natural resources for the welfare of all Indonesian people. Infra Development The maritime structure can be realized through the connectivity of the archipelago which includes the provision of sea transportation and port facilities are adequate in each region. The development and preparation of maritime human resources is a thing that cannot be denied in supporting the government's vision to realize Indonesia as a maritime axis of the world. This can be realized with the preparation of reliable, professional and competent human resources and supported by technological advances and adequate infrastructure. Various sectors of maritime development are in desperate need of reliable maritime resource availability, this is required by professional maritime sector employment agencies. The preparation of maritime sector human resources in both formal and informal institutions should always be improved both quantitatively in each region and qualitatively supported by adequate infrastructure and technological progress so that the quality of maritime human resources can compete with experts from various country.

From Big Society to Shared Society? Geographies of social cohesion and encounter in the UK’s National Citizen Service

ABSTRACTThis article explores and expands debates on the geographies of social cohesion and encounter, specifically in relation to young people and informal citizenship training. Three questions drive our agenda in this paper. First, how do certain youth spaces get enrolled into wider political discourses, functioning as geographical expressions of government visions to create a political legacy? Second, how are these spaces engineered and operate on-the-ground? Finally, how do young people understand their experiences of such spaces? To address these questions, we use the example of ‘National Citizen Service’ – a youth programme operating in England and Northern Ireland – to raise critical questions about the wider politics of spaces of informal education and attempts by the state to ‘make’ citizens and future neighbours. The article examines the rationale for this growing scheme, targeted at 15–17 year olds and designed to foster a ‘more cohesive, responsible and engaged society’. Drawing on original fieldwork with key architects, stakeholders and young people, we analyse the narratives that underlie NCS and its expansion – specifically around social cohesion and citizenship education. We explore the idea of ‘social mix’ as one of NCS’ guiding principles and its place as part of state narratives about the ‘Big Society’ and ‘Shared Society’.

Integration through Practitioner Ownership: A Welsh Story

Background: Development and provision of health and social care, based on the principles of Prudent healthcare1, centred around individual’s needs continues to be the vision of Welsh Government (WG). Amongst the multitude of challenges, meeting the needs and expectations of ‘High-need, High-cost’1,2 population with complex needs, is currently affecting UK healthcare economy the greatest. Provision of care and partnerships amongst citizens and care-providers in more coordinated and integrated fashion is fundamental to achievement and demonstration of outcomes. Objective: In recognition of the policy direction on integrated working practices, development of joint Health and Social care a Welsh Community Care Information Solution (WCCIS) is currently underway. Development and re-design of systems, processes, forms and care recording, which are consistent across and within care settings is recognised to be critical in addressing the aforementioned challenges and realising a range of additional benefits3. Highlights: Senior sponsorship and endorsement of approach to review and standardise of clinical record and process across Wales, from the Therapy Adviser to WG and Welsh Therapies Advisory Committee (WTAC) and clinical informatics leadership steer NHS Wales Informatics Service (NWIS) has enabled National consensus on: a) Standardised therapy core data items: data definition, recording and collection of information b) Standardised and clinically assured set of Uni professional and Multi professional clinical templates, clinical reference data and in progress alignment with SNOMED-CT c) Specification for current and future information and reporting requirements d) Model for effective communication between and with health and social care. This is a significant clinical and behavioural transformational change. An unintended consequence in form of increased trust in professional competencies and skills has been noted. Inter-professional integration in defining and specifying standards for clinical records has utilised in developing national standards for various assessments such as Foot Assessment and clinical record for Diabetic patients by the ‘Gold Standard’ Podiatrists, adopted by Diabetologists. Transferability: Here in NHS Wales the clinical leadership and ownership of the above approach by frontline clinical staff is leading to development of first in class ‘Clinical Interoperability’ across range of professions. In complement the model has the potential to safely and effectively blur the professional boundaries, through utilisation and sharing of standardised information, assured to be compliant with clinical, professional, information governance standards. Approach and the products on offering from NHS Wales are portable, these should be of interest and application beyond the health and care boundaries of UK. Provision of evidence based care, similar epidemiological state and common challenges affecting the developed world healthcare services strengthens the above argument. Clinical and Policy leaders have an opportunity at hand to collaborate with NWIS in scaling and overcoming the challenges by adopting an alternative bottom up approach empowering clinicians4 critical to success 5 to lead and catalyse whole system wide transformation. In recognition of the discovery of potential ‘winning formula’ interest from colleagues in New Zealand, Northern Ireland, Academy of Royal Medical Colleges etc is being progressed.

Space, Social Relations, and Contestation: Transformative Peacebuilding and World Social Forum Climate Spaces

AbstractThe 2013 and 2015 World Social Forums in Tunis, Tunisia hosted thematic “climate spaces” for the first time. This article examines the extent to which these spaces are constitutive of a form of “transformative peacebuilding” aiming to transform social relations and eliminate the structural violence of the world capitalist economy. Both the theoretical and practical activities of civil society at the climate spaces are shown to be transformative but only to the extent that they contest broad processes of trasformismo which transcend differences and obscure the lived realities of governance and resistance. In this sense, civil society groups and movements at the climate spaces are shown to engage with global capitalism to potentially produce new global understanding and action. This generates new understandings of civil society as constitutive of directly resistant modes of social relation that push for radically different visions of climate justice and governance.

Digital health and the need to develop centers of expertise in sub-Saharan Africa: two examples in Mali and Cameroon.

It is generally agreed today that digital technology provides a lever for improving access to health care, care processes, and public health planning and activities such as education and prevention. Its use in countries that have reached a given level of development has taken place in a somewhat fragmented manner that raises important interoperability problems and sometimes makes synergy impossible between the different projects of digital health. This may be linked to several factors, principally the lack of a global vision of digital health, and inadequate methodological knowledge that prevents the development and implementation of this vision. The countries of Africa should be able to profit from these errors from the beginnings of digital health, by moving toward systemic approaches, known standards, and tools appropriate to the realities on the ground. The aim of this work is to present the methodological approaches as well as the principal results of two relatively new centers of expertise in Mali and Cameroon intended to cultivate this vision of digital governance in the domain of health and to train professionals to implement the projects. Both centers were created due to initiatives of organizations of civil society. The center in Mali developed toward an economic interest group and then to collaboration with healthcare and university organizations. The same process is underway at the Cameroon center. The principal results from these centers can be enumerated under different aspects linked to research, development, training, and implementation of digital health tools. They have produced dozens of scientific publications, doctoral dissertations, theses, and papers focused especially on subjects such as the medicoeconomic evaluation tools of e-health and health information technology systems. In light of these results, we can conclude that these two centers of expertise have well and truly been established. Their role may be decisive in the local training of participants, the culture of good governance of digital health projects, the development of operational strategies, and the implementation of projects.

A Clear View from the Prairie: Harold Washington and the People of Illinois Respond to Federal Encroachment of Human Rights

The national debate over sanctuary cities demonstrates the deep divide between local community protection of its members and federal law that disrupts family and community bonds. This article discusses two Chicago efforts to prohibit city police from enforcing federal laws. Former Mayor Harold Washington issued his first 1985 Executive Order prohibiting city employees, including police, from cooperating with federal immigration officers unless required by law. Responding to misuse of city records and discriminatory tactics by federal officers, Mayor Washington recognized that civic harmony and health depended upon community trust that Chicago would not partner with federal immigration enforcement. Over a century earlier, the Chicago Common Council, after finding that the Fugitive Slave Act of 1850 undermined justice and dishonored humanity, prohibited Chicago police from assisting in the apprehension and removal of slaves. This article examines these two Chicago responses to federal law by: (1) examining the shifting relationship between local and federal enforcement of immigration law since the colonial days; (2) providing the context and rationale for Mayor Washington’s Executive Order 85-1; (3) exploring the context and rationale for the Chicago Common Council’s 1850 order; (4) addressing the proposed 2003 national legislation that sought to require municipal police to assist in enforcing federal immigration law; and (5) surveying the breadth of Mayor Washington’s vision for city government in protecting all community members. His vision to protect human rights, ban discrimination, and build a secure community demonstrated the distinct disadvantages of the proposed Clear Law Enforcement for Criminal Alien Removal Act of 2003 and the Homeland Security Enhancement Act of 2003. Although neither bill was enacted, Mayor Washington’s vision continues to provide a critique of efforts to involve municipal police in enforcement of immigration law.

Strengthening teachers' abilities to implement a vision health program in Taiwanese schools.

We designed a school-based, nationwide program called the 'New Era in Eye Health' to strengthen teacher training and to examine whether the existence of a government vision care policy influenced teachers' vision care knowledge and students' behavior. Baseline data and 3-month follow-up data were compared. A random sample of teachers (n = 660) from school vision health clusters in 22 cities/counties in Taiwan were invited to participate in our study and 436 agreed to participate (response rate = 66.1%). The mean age of participant teachers was 41.2 years, while the length of service mean was 14.6 years. For monitoring teacher outcomes, five cities/counties were selected as the intensely monitored group based on certain criteria. Sunlight diaries (n = 5434) were distributed and 3342 (61.5%) were returned. Teachers showed significant improvements in knowledge and behavior on the school vision health questionnaire. At the 3-month follow-up, the number of recesses as recorded by students' 'sunlight diary' increased. When teachers had better knowledge and behavior, recesses also increased. This study provided valuable insights to guide dissemination efforts for school vision health interventions and to help teachers implement research into their school vision health activities.

COP21 Paris: Pakistan and a New Global Climate Regime

In today’s globalised world environmental factors are going to play a major role in not so distant a future, in the social and economic development of countries, especially the underdeveloped ones. We cannot comprehend the magnitude of these changes right now especially in Pakistan, where environmental degradation is already having a major impact, be it through changing climate patterns, or increased number of natural calamities. Conference of Parties (COP21) was a United Nation (UN) Conference on Climate Change in Paris, held between November-December 2015, to put these environmental changes into perspective and find solutions for them. The major outcome of this conference was the Paris Agreement. In September 2015, during the 70th United Nation General Assembly (UNGA) meeting, which was a precursor to the COP21 Conference, the implementation of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) was approved. Pakistan is one of the countries, already suffering from the effects of climate change and water insecurity issues, falls into the category of water stressed states. As one of the signatories of the Paris Agreement, it gives a great opportunity to Pakistan to seek help from the international community to deal better with its environmental issues. As Pakistan is an agrarian economy, any drastic changes in the environment will have an adverse impact on its national economy. This paper will evaluate the vulnerability of Pakistan to the phenomenon of climate change, and the deleterious impact it can have on the per capita income, water security, and food-energy nexus of the people of Pakistan; and will suggest as to how the policy makers of the country can place it on the path towards green economy, as envisioned by the government's Vision 2025 plan.

EVALUATION PROGRAM SEVEN A SIDE FOOTBALL COACHING NATIONAL PARALIMPIC COMMITTEE (NPC) OF INDONESIA AT ASEAN PARAGAMES 2015 IN SINGAPORE

The purpose of the study was to evaluate program seven a side football National Paralimpic Committee (NPC) of Indonesia at ASEAN Paragames 2015 in Singapore. The research is qualitative research approach to evaluation using the model Context, Input, Process, and Product (CIPP). Triangulation method of collecting data using questionnaires, interviews, document study and observation. Research result that: 1) Evaluation of Context: have a legal basis and strong government policy, vision mission and goals objective realized. 2) Evaluation of Input: profiles and recruitment process good athlete to coach while performing well, the availability of founds, transparency and accountability of founding need to be improved, the manager of the support according to the program, and the establishment of good cooperation between stakeholders. 3) Evaluation of Process: the training plan implemented well, the implementation of the training needed to be improved, assessment exercises still need to be optimized, the implementation of evaluation and monitoring has not been implemented optimally. 4) Evaluation of Product: Athlete of the program for difabel exercise ASEAN Para Games 2015 di Singapura got the result was not optimal because three defeats and one draw, so they are had second champions of ASEAN Para Games 2015 di Singapura. It can be recommended to the programmer that this program needs comprehensive evaluation for better result in future.

Municipalization of Memorials: Progressive Politics and the Commemoration Schemes of the London County Council, 1889–1907

The London County Council played a key role in celebrating the historical inheritance of the metropolis under the Progressive leadership between 1889 and 1907. It notably invested in commemoration schemes and claimed control of historic monuments by the agency of local government. Such institutional efforts should be situated in the context of metropolitan politics where, confronted by the Conservative claim for municipal devolution, Progressive intellectuals such as George Laurence Gomme drew upon historical and topographical sources in order to defend their collectivist vision of community and government and give grounds for the progress of the local institution and the urban fabric of London.

ANALISIS KEBUTUHAN LEMBAGA PENELITIAN DAN PENGEMBANGAN (LITBANG) DI KABUPATEN BANDUNG

Research and development (R &D) plays a pivotal role in the process of national and regional development. National and local board of research and development are expected to be a think thank in the whole process of policy making, formulation and implementation. It is also the case with Bandung regency wherein local development is running rapidly and,thus, demenading a more research-based policy. This study is set to analyze the needs for initiating an independent local board of reasearch and development in the Bandung regency in order to support the implentation of development plan. Trangulation is deployed as a proper method in the investigation to explore the aspiration or opinion of all stakeholders in local government of Bandung. The study reveals that based on the assessment of legal norms and government vision, mission and strategic plans (RPJMD), Bandung regency needs an independent board of research and development. While the survey conducted to 39 local government departments (SKPD) in Bandung shows that 94,9% of them do not recommend an independent board. The follow-up indepth interview indicates that the gap between two results is due to lack of understanding and commitment among the government employees and stakeholders on the important role of research and develompment in the governmental works.

PUSAT ILMU PENGETAHUAN SEBAGAI WAHANA REKREASI EDUKATIF DENGAN PENDEKATAN ARSITEKTUR METAFORA DI SURAKARTA

<p><em>Science Center’s planning and designing in Surakarta, motivated by the rapid development of science and technology, the need a place for information and education about science and technology to wider community, the lack of recreation and education facilities about science and technology in Surakarta, and also one of the Surakarta government vision and mission to increase human resources through science and technology. The purpose are to get a building design that can accommodate either recreation and education activities about science and technology, and also the building form which can express the dynamic motion development of science and technology.</em> <em>The issue is how to interpret the dynamic motion of science and technology to the design itself.</em> <em>The m</em><em>ethods using architecture metaphor methods. The results are Science Center which applying architecture metaphor intangible (abstract) through building circulation, space system, and the building form. </em></p><p><em> </em></p><strong><em>Keywords</em></strong><em>: Architecture, Architecture Metaphor, Exhibition Center, Metaphor Intangible, Science Center, Science and Technology. </em>

Advancing commission scholarship by inferring leadership legacy motivations from commission reports: The case of Sir Michael Lyons

This article contributes to commission scholarship by exploring how and why chairs use their reports to shape their leadership legacies. It distinguishes two types of legacy – fiduciary and expressive – that chairs shape through their reports. The expressive legacy of the chair can be shaped through judgements about the scope of stakeholder engagement and agenda adjustment that generate four types of leadership identity: conservator, consolidator, advocate and catalyst. We explore the particular ways in which the chair of the Lyons Inquiry into Local Government in the UK used his three reports to shape his legacy. Through his distinctive integration of historical and contemporary perspectives into a leading vision for local government, he expressed a consolidator identity with his short-term recommendations and a catalytic identity with his far-reaching envisioning of the institutional space within which a greater place-shaping role for local government could be established.

On addressing privacy in disseminating judicial data: towards a methodology

PurposeInformation dissemination has become a means of transparency for governments to enable the visions of e-government and smart government, and eventually gain, among others, the trust of various stakeholders such as citizens and enterprises. Information dissemination, on the other hand, may increase the chance of privacy breaches, which can undermine those stakeholders’ trust and thus the objectives of transparency. Moreover, fear of potential privacy breaches compels information disseminators to share minimum or no information. The purpose of this study is to address these contending issues of information disseminations, i.e. privacy versus transparency, when disseminating judicial information to gain (public) trust. Specifically, the main research questions are: What is the nature of the aforementioned “privacy–transparency” problem and how can we approach and address this class of problems?Design/methodology/approachTo address these questions, the authors have carried out an explorative case study by reconsidering and analyzing a number of information dissemination cases within their research center for the past 10 years, reflecting upon the whole design research process, consulting peers through publishing a preliminary version of this contribution and embedding the work in an in-depth literature study on research methodologies, wicked problems and e-government topics.FindingsThe authors show that preserving privacy while disseminating information for transparency purposes is a typical wicked problem, propose an innovative designerly model called transitional action design research (TADR) to address the class of such wicked problems and describe three artifacts which are designed, intervened and evaluated according to the TADR model in a judicial research organization.Originality/valueClassifying the privacy transparency problem in the judicial settings as wicked is new, the proposed designerly model is innovative and the realized artifacts are deployed and still operational in a real setting.

Aesthetics of Law and Literary License: An Anatomy of the Legal Imagination

As a normative discipline, law defines its territory according to simple categories which establish absolute principles purporting to offer a single truth as to what is just and unjust, right and wrong, good and bad. In addition, linguistic and extrasemantic devices such as synecdoche, metonymy, rhythm and metaphor serve a referential function with which to penetrate the collective consciousness. The core assumptions derived from the implementation of socio-linguistic mechanisms transform the nature of legal analysis and are embedded within a diverse interplay of meanings. Aesthetic imaginings are evidenced to underpin and sustain ‘law’s symbolic processes and doctrines, institutions and ideas; that is, a realm of limitless fantasy, of free-flowing nomological desire, fixed around, and fixated upon controlling images that condense its central juridical concepts’; as the ‘jurists follow their own poetic and aesthetic criteria, their own spectral laws’ (MacNeil in Novel judgments: legal theory as fiction. Routledge, Oxford, p 9, 2012; Goodrich in Legal emblems and the art of law: obiter depicta as the vision of governance. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, p 155, 2013). Yet still, founded on the negation of its own history, legal practice maintains that juridical arguments comprise only dialectical reasoning about objectively determined concepts: ‘law is a literature which denies its literary qualities. It is a play of words which asserts an absolute seriousness; it is a genre of rhetoric which represses its moments of invention or fiction… it is procedure based upon analogy, metaphor and repetition [that] lays claim to being a cold or disembodied prose’ (Goodrich in Law in the courts of love: literature and other minor jurisprudences. Routledge, Oxford, p 112, 1996). This article will explore the continuing commitment of modern legal practice to particular aesthetic values and how these are crucially implicated in a variety of legal competencies including the formation of key legal concepts and general intellectual activity.