Vision Correction Research Articles

Vision Correction Habits After COVID-19 Onset in Spectacle and Contact Lens Wearers.

To determine how vision correction habits changed after the 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic onset. Participants reported vision correction habits, refractive error, screen time, mask wearing time, and dry eye symptoms since the COVID-19 pandemic onset through email survey. A total of 133 participants completed the survey. Worsening dry eye symptoms were associated with increased screen time ( P =0.04). Hours per day of spectacle wear increased by approximately 1 hr ( P =0.001) and was associated with increased screen time ( P =0.002). Worsening dry eye symptoms were associated with increased days per week of spectacle wear ( P =0.02). Participants wore contact lenses about one day per week less than before the pandemic ( P =0.0001). Increased mask wearing time was associated with increased days per week of contact lens wear ( P =0.03). After pandemic onset, hours per day of spectacle wear increased, and days per week of contact lens wear decreased. Increases in hourly spectacle wear were associated with increased screen time, whereas increased daily contact lens wear was associated with increased mask wear time, suggesting that spectacles may be preferred for screen time activities and contact lenses for mask wear.

Effectiveness of toric soft contact lenses for vision correction in patients with different degrees of astigmatism: a real-world study.

To assess the visual correction of patients with different degrees of astigmatism with toric soft contact lenses (TSC). It was a real-world study with prospective and single-arm design. A total of 384 patients with astigmatism who came for TSC fitting and alignment from November 2022 to January 2023 were included. According to the difference in astigmatism, patients were divided into groups A (cylinder degree: -0.75 to -0.50 D), B (cylinder degree: -1.75 to -1.00 D) and C (cylinder degree ≤ -2.00 D), and followed up on the day of wear, 1wk, 1 and 3mo, mainly to observe visual acuity, refraction, lens fit, visual quality and comfort at 1wk after wear. The visual acuity success rate and the overall success rate of the fitting were evaluation indicators (taking into account the four dimensions of visual acuity, fitting, quality of vision and comfort). The visual acuity success rate was calculated by taking "corrected visual acuity with contact lenses is no less than 1 line or better than best spectacle-corrected visual acuity" (i.e. corrected visual acuity with contact lenses is 1 line below, equal to, one line above or more than best spectacle-corrected visual acuity) as the criterion for visual success, and the the overall success rate of the fitting was calculated by using the comprehensive indicators (visual acuity, fit, visual quality, comfort) to meet certain conditions as the judgment criteria for successful fitting. After 1wk of wearing TSC, the visual acuity success rates of patients were 100% (207/207), 98.58% (139/141) and 97.22% (35/36) in the three groups, respectively, with residual cylinder closed to 0. The acceptability of the lens fitting was over 95%; the incidence of adverse visual symptoms was within 10% and the comfort acceptability was over 97%. The overall success rate of fitting for patients with high, medium and low astigmatism was 93.72% (194/207), 90.78% (128/141) and 88.89% (32/36), respectively. TSC (model: G&G POP·CT) are effective in correcting astigmatism in patients with different degrees of astigmatism.

Changes in axial length in anisometropic children wearing orthokeratology lenses.

There is a particular anisometropia occurring in one eye with myopia, while the other eye has very low myopia, emmetropia, or very low hyperopia. It is unclear how the binocular axial length changes when these children wear unilateral OK lenses only in the more myopic eyes. This study investigates the changes in the axial elongation of both eyes. This is a 1-year retrospective study. In total, 148 children with myopic anisometropia were included. The more myopic eyes were wearing orthokeratology lenses (treated eyes), whereas the contralateral eyes were not indicated for visual correction (untreated eyes). The untreated eyes were classified into three subgroups based on the spherical equivalent refraction (SER): low myopia (≤ -0.50 D, n = 37), emmetropia (+0.49 to -0.49 D, n = 76), and low hyperopia (≥0.50 D, n = 35). Changes in the axial length (AL) were compared between the untreated and treated eyes and among the three subgroups. The axial elongation was 0.14 ± 0.18 mm and 0.39 ± 0.27 mm in all treated and untreated eyes, respectively (p < 0.001). The interocular AL difference decreased significantly from 1.09 ± 0.45 mm at the baseline to 0.84 ± 0.52 mm at 1 year (p < 0.001). The baseline median (Q1, Q3) SER of the untreated eyes were -0.75 D (-0.56, -0.88 D), 0.00 D (0.00, -0.25 D), and +0.75 D (+1.00, +0.62 D) in low myopia, emmetropia, and low hyperopia subgroups, respectively. The axial elongation was 0.14 ± 0.18 mm, 0.15 ± 0.17 mm, and 0.13 ± 0.21 mm (p = 0.92) in the treated eyes and 0.44 ± 0.25 mm, 0.35 ± 0.24 mm, and 0.41 ± 0.33 mm in the untreated eyes (p = 0.11) after 1 year. Multivariate linear regression analyses only showed significant differences in axial elongation between the emmetropia and low myopia subgroups of untreated eyes (p = 0.04; p > 0.05 between other subgroups). Unilateral orthokeratology lenses effectively reduced axial elongation in the more myopic eyes and reduced interocular AL differences in children with myopic anisometropia. The refractive state of the untreated eyes did not affect the axial elongation of the more myopic eye wearing the orthokeratology lens. In the untreated eyes, AL increased faster in the low myopia subgroup than in the emmetropia subgroup.

Financial Inequities in Optometric Education in Canada: A Comparison of Two Optometry Programs.

The advancing age of the population will require increased access to eyecare services to manage eye diseases and vision correction. Optometric education requires a sound financial plan to manage student debt. This study evaluates the financial inequalities of optometric programs in Canada, and how this may impact the provision of eyecare professionals. The objective of this study was to compare the financial inequities in Optometric education in Canada from the 2020 graduating class. A cross-sectional study assessed monetary variables related to the study of optometry in Canada, including academic and personal expenses, and overall debt and expenses related to the COVID-19 lockdown for the 2020 graduating class. 108 optometry students from the 2020 graduating classes of the University of Montreal and the University of Waterloo responded, with 68 (53 F:15 M, age 25.66, SD = 2.01) completing the study. Waterloo students spent more years in university (P < .001); had higher academic fees (P < .001); spent more on travelling to their family residence (P = .007) and received more provincial (P = .002) and federal (P < .001) loans than Montreal students. Overall debt prior to optometry was similar amongst students but differed (P < .001) at the end of their program, with Waterloo students having a higher debt burden. There is a financial inequity in optometric education in Canada depending on the chosen program. Cumulative optometry student debt for the 2020 graduating class in Canada ranges from $CAN 0 to 189,000 with an average of $CAN 65,800 and a median of $CAN 50,000. The results of this study can assist financial, government agencies and future optometry students to better understand the financial burdens and establish a financial plan to study optometry in Canada, to respond to the growing eyecare needs of the public.

Refractive Laser Surgery for Vision Conditions

&#x0D; None of the identified studies were of sufficient quality to formulate conclusions on the clinical effectiveness of refractive laser surgeries compared to conventional vision correction for people with vision conditions.&#x0D; &#x0D; The identified evidence for the clinical effectiveness of photorefractive keratotomy (PRK) was limited to 1 low-quality study that did not detect a visual acuity difference between participants who had PRK and participants who wore contact lenses.&#x0D; Low-quality evidence from 1 study found participants who had undergone PRK had greater vision-related quality of life (QoL) than participants who had not had PRK. Another low-quality study found that participants who wore contact lenses had greater vision-related QoL than participants who had undergone a laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) procedure.&#x0D; Low-quality evidence suggested that contact lenses resulted in fewer incidences of vision loss events than LASIK.&#x0D; &#x0D; &#x0D; No evidence-based guidelines on best practices for refractive laser surgeries met the criteria for this review.&#x0D;

Modern diagnosis of dry eye syndrome on MEDI WORKS S390L slit lamp

In recent years, in conditions of increased work with gadgets and computers, the prevalence of dry eye syndrome has increased dramatically. The presented article is devoted to the modern diagnosis of dry eye syndrome.25 patients (50 eyes) participated in the study, which was conducted at the ophthalmological center of Astana Vision Pavlodar LLP in Pavlodar. Of these, 7 patients after laser vision correction, 4 patients suffering from myopia, wore contact lenses, locally applied medications for the treatment of dry eye syndrome. The examination included a Schirmer test, a tear film rupture time test (NIBUT, VRSP), filling out the questionnaire «Ocular Surface Disease Index» (OSDI) and determining the height of the lacrimal meniscus.The author of the article concluded that noninvasive research methods used for the diagnosis of SSG are more acceptable, since they do not violate the integrity of the tear film.

The Development of a Thick-Lens Post–Myopic Laser Vision Correction Intraocular Lens Calculation Formula

Purpose: To describe the development of the post-myopic laser vision correction (LVC) version of the PEARL-DGS IOL calculation formula and to evaluate its outcomes on an independent test set. Design: Retrospective, mono-centric case series Methods: A modified lens position prediction algorithm was designed along with methods to predict the posterior corneal curvature radius and correct the corneal power measurement error. A different set of previously operated eyes that underwent LVC was used to evaluate the prediction precision of the post-LVC formula. Results: Post-LVC PEARL-DGS formula significantly reduced mean absolute error (MAE) of prediction in comparison to Haigis-L, Shammas and ASCRS average formulas (p<0.001). It exhibited similar postoperative refractive precision as Barrett True-K No History formula (p=0.61). Conclusion: The post-LVC formula development process described in this paper performed as well as the state-of-the-art post-LVC formula on the present test set. Further studies are required to assess its efficacy in other independent sets.

Risk factors for neck pain-induced disability among primary healthcare workers: A pilot study.

Neck pain (NP) is associated with high disability rates among healthcare workers. To determine the potential risk factors associated with disability due to NP among healthcare staff working in primary care settings. This 30-day prospective cross-sectional study involved a survey of 63 healthcare personnel (55 women and 8 men aged 45.30±12.34 years) of two primary healthcare centers in Serbia, who completed a general questionnaire developed for this purpose along with the Neck Disability Index (NDI), whereby the potential predictors of NP-related disability were assessed using the statistical package SPSS ver. 24. Female healthcare workers achieved a higher score on the NDI scale (Me = 8.00, p < 0.05), as did older respondents (r = 0.260, p < 0.05), those with longer work experience (r = 0.323, p < 0.05), and those that wear prescription glasses (Me = 9.00, p < 0.01). Higher NDI scores were also achieved by respondents that suffered from neck pain at the time of the study (Me = 12.50, p < 0.001), especially if they relied on pain medication (Me = 13.00, p < 0.05), and topical analgesic creams (Me = 12.50, p < 0.05) for treating neck pain. Female sex, older age, greater work experience, current neck pain, use of pain-relieving medications and creams, and need for prescription glasses to correct vision increase the risk of disability due to pain in the cervical spine among healthcare workers.

Measurement of 238 U, 232 Th, 222 Rn and 220 Rn Contents in Optical Contact Lenses: Resulting Alpha and Beta Equivalent Doses to the Eye Tissues of Adult Patients.

To estimate equivalent doses received by eye tissues of patients, contents of uranium ( 238 U), thorium ( 232 Th), radon ( 222 Rn), and thoron ( 220 Rn) were determined inside various optical contact lenses used for vision correction. 238 U, 232 Th, 222 Rn, and 220 Rn contents varied between (3.44 ± 0.24) mBq kg -1 and (18.3 ± 1.28) mBq kg -1 , (0.57 ± 0.04) mBq kg -1 and (3.53 ± 0.25) mBq kg -1 , (3.44 ± 0.24) mBq kg -1 and (18.3 ± 1.28) mBq kg -1 , and (0.57 ± 0.04) mBq kg -1 and (3.53 ± 0.25) mBq kg -1 , respectively. New external dosimetric models, depending on the cornea eye surface of patients, 238 U, 232 Th, and 222 Rn concentrations inside optical contact lenses, half-life of the emitting radionuclides, and exposure time of patients, have been developed. It has been shown that alpha-particles emitted by the 238 U and 232 Th series inside the studied optical lenses transfer their energies essentially to the cornea tissues whereas the emitted beta-particles may reach and lose their energies in the crystalline lens of eyes of patients. Alpha-equivalent doses received by eye tissues of patients due to the diffusion of 222 Rn and 220 Rn gases present in the considered optical lenses were determined. The higher value of the total (alpha plus beta) equivalent dose to the left and right eyes of adult patients wearing optical contact lenses (14 hours per day) has been found equal to 1.32 mSv y -1 cm - 2 . It is recommended for patients to reduce the wearing period of optical contact lenses to reduce eye disease risks such as cataract.

The impact of having a free community eye clinic located inside a homeless shelter: a retrospective analysis of patient demographics

Worsening vision is a life-altering process that affects individuals in many aspects of daily life. While worsening vision can be caused by normal physiological processes that occur with age, there can be underlying systemic or ocular diseases that may be the root cause. Routine eye exams can screen for disease as well determine the degree of vision correction required to attain acceptable vision. Access to an eye exam ordinarily requires vision insurance and one must consider the added expense of glasses if they are recommended. While this can be a life-improving visit for many, there are several socioeconomic barriers that discourage homeless and low-income individuals from being able to access this service. The lack of resources to access regular eye exams and the resulting inadequate eye care may lead to underdiagnosis of serious ocular pathology. The Kansas City Free Eye Clinic is located inside a homeless shelter and, therefore, provides a convenient location for homeless and low-income individuals to receive comprehensive eye exams as well as prescription glasses at no cost. In this paper, we discuss the unique setup and demographics of this student-run eye clinic and the ways in which it has served the Kansas City population and how its integration into a homeless shelter could serve as a role model for free community eye clinics.

Роботизированные инструменты и обучаемые алгоритмы в офтальмологии

In recent years, robotic tools and machine learning algorithms have become increasingly popular in ophthalmology. These technologies reduce the risk of errors during surgical procedures and improve treatment outcomes, as well as enable automation. one of the most common robotic systems in ophthalmology is the Femto-laSIK system, which is used to correct vision by changing the shape of the cornea. Machine learning algorithms have also found wide application in ophthalmology. they are used to analyze medical images, such as photographs of the eye or retina scans. These algorithms automatically detect and classify various eye diseases, such as glaucoma, diabetic retinopathy, and macular degeneration. This helps doctors diagnose diseases more quickly and accurately, and prescribe appropriate treatment. One of the most interesting examples of using machine learning algorithms in ophthalmology is the Eyeart system, which is used for automatic diagnosis of diabetic retinopathy. This article describes approaches and developments that allow for the diagnosis and treatment of glaucoma, tools for automating cataract treatment using machine learning algorithms and a robotic manipulator. It also describes a digital microscope that enables the use of these technologies in the operating process. Overall, robotic tools and machine learning algorithms have become an integral part of ophthalmology. they improve treatment outcomes and reduce the risk of errors. the future of ophthalmology is linked to the development of these technologies, which will become increasingly accurate and intelligent. Keywords: robotic tools, machine learning, ophthalmology

Post-laser refractive surgery keratitis: A concise narrative review.

Laser refractive surgery (LRS) is a specialized surgical discipline within ophthalmology that focuses on vision correction via laser techniques. LRS requires a high rate of accuracy and exactitude to improve the visual outcome and minimize complications, which may lead to delayed visual recovery. Keratitis, either infectious or noninfectious, is a post-LRS complication that requires early diagnosis and proper interventional measures. In this narrative review, we summarize different aspects of keratitis following LRS. This literature review aims to provide a thorough understanding of the causes of post-LRS infectious keratitis and its appropriate management for successful outcomes.

Implantable Collamer Lens in Management of Unilateral High Myopia After Pseudophakia for Traumatic Cataract: Piggybacking With Two Lenses in the Sulcus

Purpose: To describe the management of unilateral high myopia after pseudophakia for traumatic cataract by piggybacking an Implantable Collamer Lens (ICL) (V4C ICL; STAAR Surgical) along with a primary intraocular lens (IOL) in the sulcus. Methods: A 24-year-old woman underwent lens aspiration with non-foldable IOL implantation in the sulcus at 5 years of age for post-traumatic cataract. She had regular follow-up for 21 years and developed unilateral high myopia. She was using contact lenses and wanted laser vision correction. An Implantable Collamer Lens in the sulcus was used to manage the unilateral high myopia in this pseudophakic patient with a rigid IOL in the sulcus. Results: Her corneal thickness was less than 500 µm. Except for raised intraocular pressure in the immediate postoperative period, she had uneventful postoperative recovery. Her uncorrected distance visual acuity (UDVA) at 4 weeks improved to 6/9. The patient was followed up for 7 months and had a UDVA of 6/9, intraocular pressure on Goldmann applanation tonometry of 14 mm Hg, adequate vault height (1.057 mm), good anterior chamber depth (1.739 mm), and no deposits on either of the lenses. Conclusions: An ICL can be used over a primary IOL in the sulcus for the correction of ametropia, although additional cases need to be evaluated for the proper sizing and results in similar patients. [ Journal of Refractive Surgery Case Reports. 2023;3(4):e42–e46.]

Diabetic retinopathy in the practice of an optometrist

Diabetic retinopathy is a microangiopathy that occurs as a result of chronic prolonged exposure to high glucose levels on the retina of the eyes. In optometric practice, a specialist, on the one hand, faces the impossibility of performing a complete correction of vision, and on the other, may be the first to suspect such a pathology and refer the patient to a doctor. At the same time, it should be noted that medical professionals specializing in the treatment of diabetes often work in isolation, which requires patients to visit several clinics and specialists. Despite the great relevance, in many countries, difficulties remain in coordinating treatment programs for narrow-profile specialists who provide assistance to people living with diabetes. In this article we discuss the epidemiology, describe an approach to its assessment, diagnosis and provide an overview of the principles of treatment of diabetic retinopathy. In this article we discuss the epidemiology and natural history of diabetic retinopathy and describe an approach to its assessment, diagnosis and provide an overview of the principles of treatment of diabetic retinopathy. The article mentions a large number of people with diabetic retinopathy in the world, including in Russia, and notes that the actual prevalence is probably higher than the reported figures.

Первый опыт имплантации недифракционной ИОЛ с расширенной глубиной фокуса, формирующей волновой фронт

Aim. Analysis of short-term clinical and functional results of implantation of a new nondiffractive IOL with expanded depth of focus. Material and methods. The study included 27 patients (35 eyes) after bilateral (8 patients) or monolateral (19 patients) AcrySof IQ Vivity IOL implantation (Alcon, USA) with mean follow-up of 3.8 ± 0.3 (3–5) months. In all cases, IOL implantation was preceded by cataract phacoemulsification or refractive lensectomy. Women accounted for 63% (n = 17) and men for 37% (n = 10). AcrySof IQ Vivity DFT015 IOLs were implanted in 24 eyes and toric AcrySof IQ Vivity DFT315, DFT415 and DFT515 IOLs in 11 eyes with clinically significant (more than 1.0 D) astigmatism. Results. There was a significant (p &lt; 0.05) increase in distance and intermediate uncorrected and best corrected visual acuity starting from the 1st day after surgery. An increase from 0.31 ± 0.09 to 0.58 ± 0.12 at the 1st day after the operation, and further up to 0.63 ± 0.13 at the follow-up period of 3 months (p &lt; 0.05) was also registered while assessing near uncorrected visual acuity. In spite of some increase of best corrected near visual acuity in the follow-up period of 3 months in comparison with preoperative period (0.68 ± 0.19 and 0.57 ± 0.16, respectively), these differences were not statistically significant (p &gt; 0.05). After IOL implantation, the spherical refractive index was shown to decrease from –2.75 ± 1.4 in the preoperative period to –0.10 ± 0.73 in the follow-up period of 3 months. Permanent or periodic optical phenomena were detected in 4 patients out of 27 (14.8%), of them 2 patients (7.4%) had glare and 2 (7.4%) – halo. Patients did not complain of difficulties in driving in the dark. In 11 cases out of 27 (40.7%), patients required spectacle correction for reading. In spite of the need for spectacle correction for near vision in 40% of cases, the vast majority of patients (n = 24; 88.9%) rated the result of surgery as «excellent» and three (11.1%) as good. Conclusion. This work presents the first experience in Russia of implantation of a new non-diffractive intraocular lens with an expanded depth of focus forming a wavefront in 35 eyes. The presented data testify to the high efficacy of this IOL for medium distance and far distance vision correction and to the possibility of providing functional near vision. Implantation of the investigated IOL was associated with a low incidence of adverse optical phenomena, such as halo, glare, and discomfort when driving in the dark. The use of this IOL in clinical practice may be an option to achieve the desired outcome in cataract surgery. Keywords: cataract, presbyopia, multifocal IOL, IOL with extended depth of focus, EDOF, Vivity.

Patient-specific finite element analysis of human corneal lenticules: An experimental and numerical study

The number of elective refractive surgeries is constantly increasing due to the drastic increase in myopia prevalence. Since corneal biomechanics are critical to human vision, accurate modeling is essential to improve surgical planning and optimize the results of laser vision correction. In this study, we present a numerical model of the anterior cornea of young patients who are candidates for laser vision correction. Model parameters were determined from uniaxial tests performed on lenticules of patients undergoing refractive surgery by means of lenticule extraction, using patient-specific models of the lenticules. The models also took into account the known orientation of collagen fibers in the tissue, which have an isotropic distribution in the corneal plane, while they are aligned along the corneal curvature and have a low dispersion outside the corneal plane. The model was able to reproduce the experimental data well with only three parameters. These parameters, determined using a realistic fiber distribution, yielded lower values than those reported in the literature. Accurate characterization and modeling of the cornea of young patients is essential to study better refractive surgery for the population undergoing these treatments, to develop in silico models that take corneal biomechanics into account when planning refractive surgery, and to provide a basis for improving visual outcomes in the rapidly growing population undergoing these treatments.

Внедрение в клиническую практику рефракционной экстракции лентикулы по методике SmartSight

Aim of the work is to analyze the clinical features of refractive lenticular extraction using SmartSight technology in patients with myopia and astigmatism, as well as to develop recommendations on the surgical technique of performing SmartSight surgery. Methods. 105 patients (210 eyes) were examined and treated using the SmartSight technique using the ATOS SCHWIND eye-tech-solutions femtosecond laser. Age was 18 to 40 years, myopia with MRSE from –2.00 to –8.50 D and astigmatism up to –2.75 D, with a range of keratometry parameters 41.00–46.00 D and pachymetric indicators of the smallest corneal thickness at least 500 µm, without contraindications to laser vision correction. Results. The analysis of clinical and functional results of myopia and astigmatism correction using the technology of refractive extraction of the lenticula performed using ATOS SCHWIND eye-tech-solutions femtosecond laser demonstrated high efficiency, safety, predictability of this technique. The MRSE within±0.50 D was achieved in 98 %. The efficiency index was 1.02±0.18. There was no case with comparative loss of 2 or more lines of BCDVA. No intraoperative complications were recorded. Conclusion. The SmartSight technique using the ATOS SCHWIND eye-tech-solutions femtosecond laser is a promising new development of refractive lenticular extraction technology for correction of myopia and myopic astigmatism. Key words: refractive lenticular extraction; keratorefractive surgery; myopia; astigmatism.

Имплантация недифракционной интраокулярной линзы с расширенной глубиной фокуса

Aim. An analysis of short-term clinical and functional results of implantation of a new non-diffractive IOL with extended depth of focus. Methods. The study included 27 patients (35 eyes) after bilateral (8 patients) or monolateral (19 patients) AcrySof IQ Vivity IOL implantation (Alcon, USA) with mean follow-up of 3.8±0.3 (3–5) months. In all cases, IOL implantation was preceded by cataract phacoemulsification or refractive lensectomy. Women accounted for 63 % (n=17) and men for 37 % (n=10). AcrySof IQ Vivity DFT015 IOLs were implanted in 24 eyes and toric AcrySof IQ Vivity DFT315, DFT415 and DFT515 IOLs in 11 eyes with clinically significant (more than 1.0 D) astigmatism. Results. There was a significant (p&lt;0.05) increase in distance and intermediate uncorrected and best corrected visual acuity starting from the 1st day after surgery. An increase from 0.31±0.09 to 0.58±0.12 at the 1st day after the operation, and further up to 0.63±0.13 at the follow-up period of 3 months (p&lt;0,05) was also registered while assessing near uncorrected visual acuity. In spite of some increase of best corrected near visual acuity in the follow-up period of 3 months in comparison with preoperative period (0.68±0.19 and 0.57±0.16, respectively), these differences were not statistically significant (p&gt;0.05). After IOL implantation, the spherical equivalent was shown to decrease from –2.75±1.4 in the preoperative period to –0.10±0.73 in the follow-up period of 3 months. Permanent or periodic optical phenomena were detected in 4 patients out of 27 (14.8 %), 2 of them (7.4 %) had glare and 2 (7.4 %) – halo. Patients did not complain of difficulties in driving in the dark. In 11 cases out of 27 (40.7 %), patients required spectacle correction for reading. In spite of the need for spectacle correction for near vision in 40% of cases, the vast majority of patients (n=24; 88.9 %) rated the result of surgery as “excellent” and three (11.1 %) as “good”. Conclusion. This work presents the first experience in Russia of implantation of a new non-diffractive intraocular lens with an extended depth of focus forming a wavefront in 35 eyes. The presented data indicate high efficacy of this IOL for intermediate distance and far distance vision correction and possibility of providing functional near vision. Implantation of the investigated IOL was associated with low incidence of adverse optical phenomena, such as halo, glare, and discomfort when driving in the dark. The use of this IOL in clinical practice may be an option to achieve the desired outcome in cataract surgery. Key words: cataract; presbyopia; multifocal IOL; IOL with extended depth of focus; EDOF; Vivity

Liquid-phase Integrated 3d Printed Biological Lenses for Lamellar Corneal Substitute.

Compared to traditional biological lenses that are used to correct and repair optical systems, such as contact lenses, vision correction surgery, and corneal and lens replacement, three-dimensional (3D) printed biological lenses can be customized according to user needs. However, the layer-by-layer principle of 3D printing leads to a staircase effect, which cannot meet the critical requirements of surface quality during the manufacturing process of biological lens, particularly with soft materials. Here, a liquid-phase printing strategy and a surface tension-dependent (STD) post-processing method are proposed that use the surface tension of the liquid to reconstruct the air-liquid interface. This eliminates the staircase effect caused by the stacking of units during 3D printing. The coordinates of integrated printing enable high-accuracy shape control of soft materials. Based on this method, using a typical biological lenses as an example, the surface quality of printed lamellar corneal substitute (LCS) was improved from ±20.0μm to ±0.2μm, and the thickness feature size was reduced from ±500μm to ±150μm. It can be used to fit the curvature and thickness of the human cornea. The visible light transmittance reaches the level of the natural cornea (∼85%) and is biocompatible. Liquid-phase 3D printed biological lenses performed better in vivo in rabbit eyes than the molded group. This method can potentially boost research on artificial biological lens printing technology and has good potential for use in future clinical applications. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

Optical Quality and Visual Performance With Different Toric Contact Lens Designs.

To evaluate the optical quality of different toric contact lens (CL) designs and compare their on-eye visual correction performance. Twenty soft CL wearers aged 20 to 39 years were enrolled. Two daily disposable silicone-hydrogel toric CLs were tested: the "Eyelid Stabilized Design" (ESD-CL) and prism-ballast design (PB-CL); a spherical daily disposable silicone hydrogel CL (spherical CL) was used as a control. On-eye performance was compared for corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA), astigmatism, and ocular higher-order aberrations (HOAs); astigmatism and ocular HOAs were measured with a wavefront sensor. The subjective quality of vision, rated for "blurred vision" and "double vision," lens rotation, and fitting were also compared. The ESD-CLs, PB-CL, and no-CL provided better CDVA than spherical CL ( P <0.05). Compared with spherical CL and no CL, PB-CL and ESD-CLs caused significantly lesser astigmatism ( P <0.05). Coma was significantly lesser with ESD-CLs than that with PB-CL ( P <0.05); total HOAs did not differ among the four conditions. The subjective ratings for blurred and double vision were significantly lower with ESD-CLs than those with spherical CL ( P <0.05). Toric CLs provide a better CDVA than spherical CLs. However, differences in coma and subjective symptoms may occur because of the design of toric CLs.