Visible Movement Research Articles

THE USE OF CRONOID-CONDYLAR INDEX IN DIAGNOSIS OF ELONGATED CORONOID PROCESS

Purpose: the aim of this study was to define the role of coronoid condylar index (CCI) in diagnosis of elongated coronoid process. Patients and Methods: Eight patients with unilateral coronoid hyperplasia were included in this study, six patients were males and two patients were females, their ages ranged from 19-28years with a mean of 23.5 years. All patients were evaluated both clinically (through detection of range of mouth opening, range of mandibular deviation towards the affected side, presence of palpable crepitation or audible grating in the TMJ and finally vision of movement of the coronoid process in the infratemporal fossa during mouth opening ) and radiographically (from the lateral projection three dimensional computerized tomography of the lower jaw). Results: regarding to the mouth opening, the mean of mouth opening for all patients was 25.3 mm. the mean of deviation of the mandible towards the affected side was 3.5mm. Palpable crepitation and audible grating of the temporomandibular joint had been detected only in three cases. Vision of the coronoid process movement in the infratemporal fossa had been detected only in four cases, particularly during mouth opening. Radiographic evaluation revealed, the mean of the coronoid condylar index (CCI) to all the examined patients was 1.22mm. Conclusion: The CCI is considered as simple and rapid method for determination of any discrepancy in both coronoid and condylar processes of the lower jaw.

Inverse relationship between amplitude and latency of physiological mirror activity during repetitive isometric contractions

Mirror Activity (MA) is a phenomenon that is characterized by involuntarily occurring muscular activity in homologous contralateral limbs during unilateral movements. Even in neurologically healthy humans, MA of a small extent has been described, which does not directly lead to visible movements, but nonetheless, it is still detectable with surface electromyography (EMG) and therefore defined as physiological MA (pMA). The present study investigated latency- and amplitude-characteristics of pMA during repetitive unimanual isometric contractions with high but constant force requirements (80% maximum force). Here, we show for the first time that pMA is not time-locked to the muscle onset of voluntarily contracting hand muscles but starts with varying and dynamically changing latencies. Following consecutive isometric unilateral contractions, the latency of pMA progressively decreases accompanied by a progressive linear increase in its amplitude possibly as a result of changes in inhibitory mechanisms involved in suppressing involuntarily occurring muscular activity. Overall, the latency and amplitude of pMA show a strong inverse relationship. Furthermore, based on the previously proposed hypothesis of motor overflow, we explored the possibility of pMA modulation through anodal and cathodal transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) applied to the ipsilateral primary motor cortex (M1), relative to a voluntarily contracting hand. Neither anodal nor cathodal tDCS is able to modulate amplitude or latency of pMA compared to sham tDCS. In conclusion, our results extend the existing knowledge of pMA occurring due to high-effort unilateral contractions with constant force requirements to the aspect of its latency and the inverse association with its amplitude.

Congenital intestinal stenosis and Hirschsprung\u2019s disease: two extremely rare pathologies in a newborn puppy

BackgroundHirschsprung’s disease (HSCR) is a common congenital malformation of the enteric nervous system (ENS). During fetal development, ganglion cells of the ENS are derived from neural crest cells that migrate to the bowel. These cells reside principally in two ganglionated plexus: 1) The myenteric plexus, extending from the esophagus to the anus, and 2) submucous plexus, extending from the duodenum to the anus. In large animal species, there is a third plexus called Henle’s or Schabadasch’s plexus.ENS ganglion cells play a key role in normal gastrointestinal motility, respond to sensory stimuli and regulate blood flow. Both plexus show a high degree of independence from the central nervous system. Alterations in the embryonic development of the ENS can induce multiple pathologies in animal models and humans.Case presentationThe present case was a female the fifth born in a litter of 5 puppies. At about 2–3 weeks of age, she suffered from abdominal distension, pain, and constipation. At approximately 8–10 weeks of age, the puppy started to vomit abundantly, and the regurgitated food appeared undigested. Progressive abdominal distention was observed, with quite visible peristaltic movements and more frequent vomiting episodes. The abdominal radiographs, based on AP and side projections, revealed an enlargement of the abdominal diameter and an increased width in the epigastric region. At 12 weeks of age, exploratory surgery revealed a stenotic segment in the jejunum, followed by a small transition zone and then a significantly reduced diameter. Immunohistochemical examinations were performed using antibodies against calretinin, S-100 protein, CD56, neuron specific enolase (NSE) and synaptophysin, which are the biological markers for diagnosing HSCR.ConclusionA reduced number of ganglion cells (1–3 cells per ganglion) were found. There was no specific staining pattern for many of these; while for others, the pattern was compatible with HSCR. Surgical intervention to remove the stenotic section prolonged the life of the puppy for 13 years. Extremely rare pathologies such as that discussed herein should be studied to understand the pathophysiology and be able to diagnose small species in veterinary medicine in a timely fashion. To our knowledge, this is the first report of congenital intestinal stenosis and Hirschprung’s disease in a newborn puppy.

Program Penalaran Islam Indonesia dan Gerakan Kontra-Radikalisme

Artikel ini mendeskripsikan urgensi pelaksanaan program penalaran Islam Indonesia (PPII) sebagai penguatan materi PAI yang rahmatan lil ‘alamin dan gerakan kontra radikalisme di UIN Sunan Ampel Surabaya. Data dikumpulkan dengan observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa PPII membangun landasan keislaman berdasarkan Teologi Islam Kontekstual, Ekspresi Sufistik, Hukum Islam Kontesktual, Metodologi Hukum Islam, dan Genealogi Peradaban Islam Indonesia. Dengan demikian, perilaku Islam rahmatan lil ‘alamin, akhlaqul karimah, dan nalar keislaman dapat terinternalisasi ke dalam disiplin keilmuan yang dipelajari mahasiswa. Melihat geliat gerakan keagamaan Islam yang radikal semakin berani menampilkan diri di publik, PPII menempati peran penting dalam gerakan kontra radikalisme. Materi-materi dalam PPII sinergis dengan materi PAI dengan pendekatan penalaran rasional-empiris yang secara epistemologis identik dengan pendekatan Burhani.

RE-KINECT, A REAL-WORLD, PROSPECTIVE TARDIVE DYSKINESIA SCREENING STUDY: AN EVALUATION OF BASELINE CHARACTERISTICS IN OLDER PATIENTS

Introduction Older age is a risk factor for developing tardive dyskinesia (TD), a persistent movement disorder associated with prolonged exposure to antipsychotics. In older patients, TD symptoms may appear after shorter antipsychotic treatment. RE-KINECT (NCT03062033), a real-world study of outpatients prescribed antipsychotics, was designed to identify the presence of drug-induced involuntary movements consistent with TD (i.e., “possible TD”) and to characterize the impact of these movements on health-related quality of life. Baseline data from RE-KINECT were analyzed to explore the patient experience of possible TD and how it affects functioning in older adults (≥55 years). Methods Adults with ≥3 months of lifetime exposure to antipsychotics and ≥1 psychiatric disorder were recruited. The presence of possible TD was based on clinicians’ observation and assessment of involuntary movements in 4 body regions (head/face, trunk/neck, upper extremities, and lower extremities). Patients were categorized into Cohort 1 (without visible movements or possible TD) or Cohort 2 (with visible movements and confirmed by clinician as consistent with possible TD). Baseline outcomes for all patients included demographics, clinical history, patient-reported health status (score range, 0 [“no health problems”] to 10 [“health as bad as you can imagine”]), and the patient-reported EuroQoL 5-Dimensional 5-Level questionnaire (EQ-5D-5L; domain score range, 1 [no problems or symptoms] to 5 [extreme problems or symptoms]). Clinicians also assessed the location and severity (ratings, “none”, “some”, or “a lot”) of abnormal movements in Cohort 2 patients. Exploratory statistical testing was conducted between older adults (≥55 years) in Cohorts 1 and 2. Results Of the 738 patients enrolled in the study, the results of those ≥55 years (N=300, 41%) are presented here. Within this subgroup, 114 (38%) had clinician-confirmed possible TD (Cohort 2) and 186 (62%) had no visible movements or had movements that were inconsistent with TD (Cohort 1). In Cohort 2 patients, the highest frequencies of severe abnormal movements (severity rating: “a lot”) were observed in the head/face (25%) and upper extremities (14%). Cohort 2 patients were less likely to be married, more likely to live in care homes, and were more likely to have longer lifetime exposure to antipsychotics than Cohort 1 patients (Table). More patients in Cohort 2 had schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder, while those in Cohort 1 were more likely to have a mood disorder. Patients in Cohort 2 also had slightly higher mean EQ-5D-5L scores at baseline in four EQ-5D-5L domains, suggesting a somewhat greater impact on health-related quality of life, particularly in the domain of self-care. Conclusions Results from this real-world sample of older psychiatric outpatients suggest that the greater risk and severity of TD in this population may be associated with more limited support systems and reduced quality of life, which are separate from the effects of age itself. This research was funded by This research was fully funded by Neurocrine Biosciences, Inc.

Engaging With Contemporary Dance: What Can Body Movements Tell us About Audience Responses?

In live performances seated audiences have restricted opportunities for response. Some responses are obvious, such as applause and cheering, but there are also many apparently incidental movements including posture shifts, fixing hair, scratching and adjusting glasses. Do these movements provide clues to people's level of engagement with a performance? Our basic hypothesis is that audience responses are part of a bi-directional system of audience-performer communication. This communication is part of what distinguishes live from recorded performance and underpins live performers' moment-to-moment sense of how well a performance is going. Here we investigate the range of visible real-time movements of audiences in four live contemporary dance performances. Video recordings of performers and audiences were analyzed using computer vision techniques for extracting face, hand and body movement data. The meaning of audience movements were analyzed by comparing clips of the audience at moments of maximum and minimum movement to expert and novice judges. The results show that audience clips with the lowest overall movement are judged as displaying the highest engagement. In addition, we found that while there is no systematic relationship between audience and dancers movement, hands seem to play an especially significant role since they move significantly more compared to the rest of the body. We draw on these findings to argue that collective stillness is an especially salient signal of audience engagement.

Balochistan, Self-Determination, and U.S. Foreign Policy

In recent years, a more visible movement for self-determination in Balochistan has emerged. Balochistan, Pakistan’s largest province in terms of geographic size, is a province rich in natural resources. From 1948 to 1977, four different conflicts for Baloch independence were fought. Since the mid-2000s, an intermittent conflict between Baloch separatist groups and Pakistan has remained prevalent in Balochistan. Reportedly, numerous human rights abuses have occurred in Balochistan. This Article is intended to make a unique contribution to the international law literature by comprehensively examining the question of self-determination for Balochistan.

Социальная среда раннего онтогенеза и формирование исследовательского поведения в зрелом возрасте

The influence of changes in the social environment in the nest from the 2nd to the 20th day of life on the manifestation of research behavior in adulthood has been studied. The study was performed on Wistar rats. To assess the motor activity used standard indicators of behavior in the “open field”. Analyzed the length of the path, the average speed of movement of the individual, the maximum speed of movement during the testing period, the time spent without visible movement, the number of exits to the central zone. It has been established that intact individuals, brought up together with sensory deprived siblings, change the severity of research behavior. It was revealed that the critical period during which a change in the social environment has a more significant influence on the formation of research behavior is the period from the 9th to the 20th day of life.

Hay(na)ku Boricua

Hay(na)ku Boricua Urayoán Noel (bio) nostoca caminarvertederos de luz HAY(NA)KU BORICUA #haynakuboricuagraveyards of lightwe must walk [End Page 561] Urayoán Noel Urayoán Noel is Associate Professor of English and Spanish at New York University. His books include In Visible Movement: Nuyorican Poetry from the Sixties to Slam (2014), winner of the LASA Latino Studies Book Award; the poetry collection Buzzing Hemisphere/Rumor Hemisférico (2015); and Architecture of Dispersed Life (2018), a bilingual edition of the poetry of Pablo de Rokha, which was shortlisted for the National Translation Award. Copyright © 2020 New Literary History

The Impact of Socio-economic Factors on the Management of Agro-cooperatives in Local Communities

The development of entrepreneurial initiatives in the form of agro-cooperatives can be a perspective way for the community to develop through the formation of active civil awareness of the population, to create new jobs, to improve the local infrastructure and to find additional investments. The research aimed at examining structure and factors which influenced cooperatives management in Sumy region. Questionnaires were administered in 5 cooperatives to 19 members. Multiple regression and correlation analyses were performed to identify factors believed to influence cooperatives’ management as well as to examine the degree of association between farm-specific and socio-economic variables. To evaluate the importance of cooperatives for its members and management, such a resulted factor, as “receiving a better price as a member of cooperative” was chosen. Results indicate that a significant factor on perception to receive a better price as a member of the agricultural cooperative was age with the effect of the coefficient been about 4.1 %. Factors such as gender, education, farm size and ways to resolve conflict situations in the agro-cooperative turned out to be statistically insignificant. The purpose of this research mini-paper is to study certain aspects of the cooperative movement in Ukraine and the Sumy region. The object of research is to identify the extent to which various factors influence the activities of cooperatives. The theoretical and methodological basis of the research reported in the research mini-paper were the main provisions of national scientists and development and international experience problems with cooperation, theory, and practice of marketing, personal assessment of the authors. People with a higher level of education better evaluated the importance of cooperative for the local community. However overall local’s vision of the cooperative movement is positive and most of the respondents would like to have more cooperatives in their villages. It was founded, that the lack of information about cooperative movement which resulted in the low interest of low people in joining cooperatives. In light of the above, creating more awareness of the cooperative movement in the local communities could be a way to involve the youth to participate in the cooperative movement. Key words: socio-economic development, local communities, agricultural cooperatives, management, regional development.

Intraoperative Neurophysiologic Testing of the Perigastric Vagus Nerve Branches to Evaluate Viability and Signals along Nerve Pathways during Gastrectomy.

PurposeThe perigastric vagus nerve may play an important role in preserving function after gastrectomy, and intraoperative neurophysiologic tests might represent a feasible method of evaluating the vagus nerve. The purpose of this study is to assess the feasibility of neurophysiologic evaluations of the function and viability of perigastric vagus nerve branches during gastrectomy.Materials and MethodsThirteen patients (1 open total gastrectomy, 1 laparoscopic total gastrectomy, and 11 laparoscopic distal gastrectomy) were prospectively enrolled. The hepatic and celiac branches of the vagus nerve were exposed, and grabbing type stimulation electrodes were applied as follows: 10–30 mA intensity, 4 trains, 1,000 µs/train, and 5× frequency. Visible myocontractile movement and electrical signals were monitored via needle probes before and after gastrectomy. Gastrointestinal symptoms were evaluated preoperatively and postoperatively at 3 weeks and 3 months, respectively.ResultsResponses were observed after stimulating the celiac branch in 10, 9, 10, and 6 patients in the antrum, pylorus, duodenum, and proximal jejunum, respectively. Ten patients responded to hepatic branch stimulation at the duodenum. After vagus-preserving distal gastrectomy, 2 patients lost responses to the celiac branch at the duodenum and jejunum (1 each), and 1 patient lost response to the hepatic branch at the duodenum. Significant procedure-related complications and meaningful postoperative diarrhea were not observed.ConclusionsIntraoperative neurophysiologic testing seems to be a feasible methodology for monitoring the perigastric vagus nerves. Innervation of the duodenum via the celiac branch and postoperative preservation of the function of the vagus nerves were confirmed in most patients.Trial RegistrationClinical Research Information Service Identifier: KCT0000823

The proscription of male homosexuality in the history of the institutionalized psychoanalytic movement

Abstract: This work aims to explore the historical proscription of gay candidates to the psychoanalytic training offered by the societies affiliated to the International Psychoanalytic Association (IPA). Through a research made in reports, archives and bulletins, it was found that the homosexual visibility movement that emerged in the 1970s brought into light both the institutional prejudice and the rationalizations that grounded it. The development of psychoanalytic theory and the model of psychoanalytical institutionalization are pointed out as key factors for the exclusionary practice.

The proscription of male homosexuality in the history of the institutionalized psychoanalytic movement

Abstract: This work aims to explore the historical proscription of gay candidates to the psychoanalytic training offered by the societies affiliated to the International Psychoanalytic Association (IPA). Through a research made in reports, archives and bulletins, it was found that the homosexual visibility movement that emerged in the 1970s brought into light both the institutional prejudice and the rationalizations that grounded it. The development of psychoanalytic theory and the model of psychoanalytical institutionalization are pointed out as key factors for the exclusionary practice.

From immobilization to recovery: Towards the development of a rapid diagnostic indicator for phosphine resistance

The aim of this work was to evaluate the insect mobility patterns of phosphine-resistant and -susceptible adults of the red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) after exposure to phosphine. Exposure bioassays were carried out at two concentrations, 1000 and 3000 ppm, while adults were observed every 15 min, for a total period of 90 min. During this observation interval, adults were visually classified as active (able to walk normally), partially immobilized (not able to walk, but showing a minimal movement), or completely immobilized (no visible movement). After the observation period, all adults were placed in a phosphine-free environment, and they again were classified as active, partially immobilized or completely immobilized. At 1000 ppm, the majority of adults of the susceptible T. castaneum population were quickly immobilized after a 15 min observation period, while in contrast, the majority of adults of the resistant T. castaneum population were still active after the termination of the 90 min interval. At 3000 ppm, the percentage of immobilized susceptible adults was increased at the 15 min observation period, while the majority of resistant adults were immobilized only after 90 min. In the post-exposure period, the vast majority of the susceptible adults were dead. In contrast, most resistant adults recovered, regardless of the concentration that had been exposed. The results of this study delineate major differences in movement in phosphine-resistant and -susceptible T. castaneum strains, and can be applied as a quick diagnostic bioassay for the evaluation of resistance to phosphine in stored product insects.

Effects of hula hooping and mini hooping on core muscle activation and hip movement

Hula hoops are a popular piece of fitness equipment used to attempt to slim the waistline and improve core muscle endurance. Although there are obvious visible movements at the waist and hip, no study has quantified the intensity of muscle activity during hula hooping. Therefore, this study analyzed muscle activation in the torso and hip during hula hooping. Because injury to the waist often occurs after prolonged, repeated impact between the waist and a hula hoop, this study developed a novel waist fitness hoop that eliminates impact, called the “Mini Hoop,” and determined the effects of mini hooping on hip movement and muscle activation. A total of 16 healthy females performed hula hooping and mini hooping at a self-selected pace. Results showed that hula hooping caused larger muscle activation, with 46%–49% maximum voluntary isometric contraction for the external oblique, spinal erectors, and gluteus medius, whereas gluteus maximus and adductor longus muscle activation were with 22%–29% maximum voluntary isometric contraction. Mini hooping required a smaller range of hip motion in flexion, extension, abduction/adduction, higher pelvic oscillation frequency, and lower muscle activation for the external oblique, spinal erectors, gluteus medius, gluteus maximus, and adductor longus (13%–33% maximum voluntary isometric contraction) compared with hula hooping ( p < 0.05). In conclusion, hula hooping and mini hooping differ in their range of hip motion, pelvic oscillation frequency, and muscle activation requirements. Hula hooping is suitable for moderate-intensity core muscle activation, whereas the Mini Hoop is suitable for low-level core muscle activation.

Hyper-articulation in Lombard speech: An active communicative strategy to enhance visible speech cues?

This study investigates the hypothesis that speakers make active use of the visual modality in production to improve their speech intelligibility in noisy conditions. Six native speakers of Canadian French produced speech in quiet conditions and in 85 dB of babble noise, in three situations: interacting face-to-face with the experimenter (AV), using the auditory modality only (AO), or reading aloud (NI, no interaction). The audio signal was recorded with the three-dimensional movements of their lips and tongue, using electromagnetic articulography. All the speakers reacted similarly to the presence vs absence of communicative interaction, showing significant speech modifications with noise exposure in both interactive and non-interactive conditions, not only for parameters directly related to voice intensity or for lip movements (very visible) but also for tongue movements (less visible); greater adaptation was observed in interactive conditions, though. However, speakers reacted differently to the availability or unavailability of visual information: only four speakers enhanced their visible articulatory movements more in the AV condition. These results support the idea that the Lombard effect is at least partly a listener-oriented adaptation. However, to clarify their speech in noisy conditions, only some speakers appear to make active use of the visual modality.

Understanding Open Knowledge in China: A Chinese Approach to Openness?

Abstract This paper examines the development of open knowledge in China through two case studies: the development of Chinese open access (OA) journals, and national-level OA repositories. Open access and open knowledge are emerging as a site of both grass-roots activism, and top-down intervention in the practices of scholarship and scholarly publishing in China. Although the language, vision and strategies of the global open knowledge movement are undoubtedly present, so too are the messy realities of open access and open knowledge innovation in a local context. In attempting to position open access developments in China within a diverse and contested global landscape of open knowledge innovation we draw on Moore’s (2017) conception of open access as a boundary object: an object that is understood differently within individual communities but which maintains enough structure to be understood between communities (Moore 2017; Star and Griesemer 1989). Viewed as a boundary object, the concept of open knowledge is making it possible for China to engage with the global open knowledge movement, as a beneficiary of the innovation of others, and as an open knowledge innovator in its own right.

Catholicity: Anglicanism, history and the universal church in 1947

ABSTRACT In 1947 a pamphlet called Catholicity: A Study in the Conflict of Christian Traditions in the West was published in London. It sought to state the intellectual vision of the Catholic movement within the Church of England on the great question of Union. But this was not merely a document produced by a particular party for its own purposes. It had been invited by the Archbishop of Canterbury and would inspire at least two other comparable reports of significance in response, one by evangelicals in the church and another by leaders of the British Free Churches. This article examines the contexts which created Catholicity, its significance as a moment in Anglican history and its distinctive contribution to the intellectual life of the wider Church. It also presents a discussion of the three figures who oversaw its production: Archbishop Geoffrey Fisher; Michael Ramsey (then a Professor of Divinity at the University of Durham); and the influential liturgical scholar Dom Gregory Dix.

Towards FES-assisted grasping controlled by residual muscle contraction and movement on persons with tetraplegia

Functional electrical stimulation (FES) can be used on individuals with upper motoneuron dysfunctions to restore grasping functions. To be functional and useful in daily tasks, the patient must be able to pilot the device by means of an interface. We have investigated two techniques that could address the situation of persons with tetraplegia: electromyography (EMG) and inertial measurement units (IMU), respectively measuring muscle activity and limb movements. One group of 8 tetraplegic patients (EMG group) was equipped with two pairs of EMG electrodes located on muscles of the upper arm. Selected muscles could be voluntary activated in a comfortable way. Another group of 9 tetraplegic patients (IMU group) was equipped with one IMU (3-axis accelerometer and 3-axis gyroscope) located on the arm. In the EMG group a threshold detection algorithm was used to detect muscle contractions while in IMU group a classification algorithm was used to detect two distinct movements of the limb where the IMU was located. The detection algorithms outputs were used to trigger two postures of a robot hand. The same outputs were also used, for patients where FES of arm muscles lead to visible hand movements, to trigger the contractions of two muscles on their contralateral lower arm. All the patients were able to control muscle contraction or limb movements to trigger different actions. Patients were asked to control the robotic hand, following a randomized sequence of two pre-defined postures. In EMG group the success score was of 95 and 92% in IMU group. Whenever FES was used, patients could activate grasping movements and wrist extension. Three patients were able to perform functional tasks such as grasping and relocating objects. Despite little training, all the patients were able to voluntarily control a robotic hand and, when it was possible to test, their own hand with FES.

Charlottesville Paradox: The ‘Liberalizing’ Alt-Right, ‘Authoritarian’ Left, and Politics of Dialogue

In the aftermath of the 2017 Charlottesville tragedy, the prevailing narrative is a Manichean division between ‘white supremacists’ and ‘anti-racists’. We suggest a more complicated, nuanced reality. While the so-called ‘Alt-Right’ includes those pursuing an atavistic political end of racial and ethnic separation, it is also characterised by pluralism and a strategy of nonviolent dialogue and social change, features associated with classic liberalism. The ‘Left,’ consistent with its historic mission, opposes the Alt-Right’s racial/ethnic prejudice; but, a highly visible movement goes farther, embracing an authoritarianism that would forcibly exclude these voices from the public sphere. This authoritarian element has influenced institutions historically committed to free expression and dialogue, notably universities and the ACLU. We discuss these paradoxes by analysing the discourse and actions of each movement, drawing from our study of hundreds of posts and articles on Alt-Right websites and our online exchanges on a leading site ( AltRight.com ). We consider related news reports and scholarly research, concluding with the case for dialogue.