Visible Effect Research Articles

Left- and Right-Wing Criticism of Orientalism and the Role of Representations of Cultures in Their Self-Interpretation and Development

Over the past decades orientalism as an approach adopted in Western studies of nonWestern cultures has been subject to major philosophical analysis. The critical impulse that was transmitted by Edward Said to the scientific community in 1978 was powerful enough to create a universal framework. This conceptual framework makes possible both a revisionist point of view toward the West and a Western offensive discourse toward the so-called internal colonization. When we decompose Orientalism into components, for example through hermeneutic analysis, this phenomenon turns out to be one of the justifiably commonplace problems of the representation of nonWestern cultures in Western academic studies. Orientalists and researchers of non-Western cultures are criticized for mechanistic constructivism applied to the Other, but at the same time, conservative ideologists (René Guénon, Oswald Spengler, etc.) tend to draw attention to the fundamental crisis of Western science, its epistemological dysfunction and unnecessitated plurality that does not bring us closer to understanding the essence. However, both approaches unfairly overlook the factor of already exerted constructive influence on non-Western cultures. Orientalism can be seen not only as a form of exploitation, but also as a form of providing a language of self-interpretation, which have had a visible effect on non-Western cultures' understanding of themselves. This article examines the evolution of perceptions of the possibility and necessity of representations of non-Western cultures, as interpreted by the authors who are commonly classified as equally leftand right-wing ones.

Oral and maxillo-facial injuries in victims of political repression during the Chilean dictatorship.

Chile was under a civil-military dictatorship from 1973 to 1990. During that time, systematic violations to human rights were perpetrated. Oral and maxillo-facial trauma was not an exception, and such trauma was carried out through different methods of torture or ill treatment by agents of the State. Currently, Chile has laws and programs in the public healthcare system to carry out the re-habilitation and reparation process in victims, and the registration of the suffered injuries is considered an important part of these med-ico-legal procedures. The aim of this study is to describe and classify the type of torture or ill-treatment in the orofacial area of victims of political repression during the Chilean military dictatorship and relate them to the injuries registered in written reports. 14 reports of oral and maxillo-fa-cial injuries of tortured victims from 2016 to 2020 were analyzed, considering the alleged history of the patient, the visible effects on the oral examination, and the type of torture that was inflicted. Historical clinical records and X ray exams were analyzed when available. 6 variations of torture and ill-treat-ment that involve the maxillo-facial area were caused by agents of the State during the dic-tatorship period. According to the patient ́s account and the clinical examination, all of the torture techniques applied caused, directly or indirectly, the loss of teeth. This resulted in not only physical problems, but psychological problems for the victims.

High-Cycle Fatigue Properties of Titanium-Clad Bimetallic Steel with Different Interfacial Conditions

Titanium-clad (TC) bimetallic steel is an advanced composite steel consisting of metallurgically bonded titanium alloy and structural steel. This paper compared the high-cycle fatigue properties of three types of TC bimetallic steels, including two hot-rolled bonding types with different bonding strengths and an explosion-bonded type. The three types of TC bimetallic steels were all manufactured from TA2 titanium alloy as the cladding metal and Q355B structural steel as the substrate metal, of which the thicknesses are 2 mm and 8 mm, respectively. Based on the comparison results, the qualitative relationship between the bonding interface strength and the manufacturing methods with the basic mechanical and high-cycle fatigue properties was obtained. It was found that the different manufacturing methods and the bonding degree of the two component metals resulted in the different nonlinear yield plateau in the TC bimetallic steel. The high bonding strength seems to affect the failure mode of the tensile coupons. The bonding interface shear strength only slightly affects the tensile performance, which exhibits visible effects only when the test strain reaches the fractured state. In addition, three failure modes in total were found in the high-cycle fatigue tests for the three types of TC bimetallic steel. The manufacturing methods and the bonding interface strength significantly affect the fatigue phenomena of the TC bimetallic steel. The hot-rolled bonding TC bimetallic steel with high bonding strength has a 10% improvement in fatigue performance than the one with low bonding strength. Despite this, the manufacturing methods significantly affect the fatigue ratio, while the influence of the bonding strength on the high cycle fatigue performance is limited. The research outcomes can provide reference for the selection of different manufacturing methods and interfacial conditions for the use of TC bimetallic steel in structural engineering.

Combustion characteristics of nonuniform methane-air mixtures in the duct

In this study, an experimental duct was divided into two sections (ducts A and B) and filled with methane-air mixtures at various equivalence ratios. The combustion characteristics of non-uniformly distributed methane-air mixtures were studied experimentally, and the effect of ignition position on them was analyzed. The results showed that the a change in the equivalence ratio in duct A had a more visible effect on flame propagation. As the ignition position moved toward the open end, rapidly oscillating pseudo-flat structures and distorted tulip structures were observed in the right flame, and the bimodal pressure waveform was transformed into a unimodal waveform. While the propagation of the LFF (i.e., the flame front that propagated to the left open end) is the main reason for the pressure increase, the RFF (i.e., the flame front that propagated to the right closed end) also exerted a certain influence on the second peak. The stretching effect of the LFF and the Rayleigh-Taylor instability jointly cause oscillations in the RFF. We also observed that the maximum flame propagation velocity and peak overpressure varied in a consistent manner, both increasing first and then decreasing as the ignition position approaches the open end.

Enhancement of bifunctional photocatalytic activity of boron-doped g-C3N4/SnO2 heterojunction driven by plasmonic Ag quantum dots

Enhancement of photocatalytic charge transfer with reduced electron–hole (e− + h+) recombination toward the targeted chemical reaction is a challenging task. In this study, we utilized boron (B) dopant as impurity levels, and the plasmonic Ag quantum dots (QDs), and g-C3N4/SnO2 heterojunction nanocomposite under visible light (λ = 385–740 nm) as a nanocomposite photocatalytic system for energy and environmental applications. The introduction of B dopant with optimal level (BCN1.0) of 1 wt% resulted in the fast migration of photoexcited electrons from valence band to the conduction band of g-C3N4 and reduced the migration distance of the electrons from valence band to the conduction band and improved surface redox reactions. The heterojunction formed with SnO2 nanorods and nanoparticles enhanced the electron–hole transfer rate across the interface of the heterojunction (BCNS15) with 15 wt% and improved the photocatalytic activity during redox reactions. The introduction of plasmonic Ag QDs (1 wt%) as a co-catalyst improved the H2 generation efficiency (BCNS–Ag1.0). Ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy results confirmed that the charge transfer process was initiated via the Z-scheme mechanism. Photoluminescence spectra identified the reduction of electron–hole recombination that was responsible for improved catalytic efficiency in the optimized heterojunction nanocomposite. The synergetic effect of B dopant, the visible light sensitization effect and the co-catalytic effect of the Ag QDs, the formation of a heterojunction of the B-g-C3N4/SnO2/Ag (BCNS–Ag1.0) nanocomposite resulted in 2.5 times higher methyl orange dye degradation efficiency which is 65.6% compared to pristine g-C3N4 (CN) 25.9%. Further, the photocatalysts were tested for photocatalytic H2 generation, the optimized BCNS–Ag1.0 nanocomposite heterojunction showed 3.2 times higher H2 generation activity (10.2 mmol/h/gcat) than pristine CN(3.1 mmol/h/gcat) through Z-scheme mechanism. Finally, the BCNS–Ag1.0 nanocomposite demonstrated excellent stability toward methyl orange degradation as well as H2 generation for at least 4 cycles. Therefore, the BCNS–Ag1.0 nanocomposite is a promising photocatalytic system for scale-up synthesis.

Grocery omnichannel perishable inventories: performance measures and influencing factors

PurposePerishable inventory management for the grocery sector has become more challenging with extended omnichannel activities and emerging consumer expectations. This paper aims to identify and formalize key performance measures of omnichannel perishable inventory management (OCPI) and explore the influence of operational and market-related factors on these measures.Design/methodology/approachThe inductive approach of this research synthesizes three performance measures (product waste, lost sales and freshness) and four influencing factors (channel effect, demand variability, product perishability and shelf life visibility) for OCPI, through industry investigation, expert interviews and a systematic literature review. Treating OCPI as a complex adaptive system and considering its transaction costs, this paper formalizes the OCPI performance measures and their influencing factors in two statements and four propositions, which are then tested through numerical analysis with simulation.FindingsProduct waste, lost sales and freshness are identified as distinctive OCPI performance measures, which are influenced by product perishability, shelf life visibility, demand variability and channel effects. The OCPI sensitivity to those influencing factors is diverse, whereas those factors are found to moderate each other's effects.Practical implicationsTo manage perishables more effectively, with less waste and lost sales for the business and fresher products for the consumer, omnichannel firms need to consider store and online channel requirements and strive to reduce demand variability, extend product shelf life and facilitate item-level shelf life visibility. While flexible logistics capacity and dynamic pricing can mitigate demand variability, the product shelf life extension needs modifications in product design, production, or storage conditions. OCPI executives can also increase the product shelf life visibility through advanced stock monitoring/tracking technologies (e.g. smart tags or more comprehensive barcodes), particularly for the online channel which demands fresher products.Originality/valueThis paper provides a novel theoretical view on perishables in omnichannel systems. It specifies the OCPI performance, beyond typical inventory policies for cost minimization, while discussing its sensitivity to operations and market factors.

Transactive memory system (TMS) and knowledge sharing: The effects of social capital and task visibility

Knowledge sharing plays a fundamental role in the mobile social media context. However, users are more likely to believe that their knowledge sharing is not worth the effort and time given high expectation of receiving some value in return. Social media have limited value if users are not willing to share knowledge. Knowledge sharing with the consideration of transactive memory system (TMS) from the perspectives of social capital and task visibility was examined. Building on prior theories and literature, a TMS knowledge sharing research model was developed. Data were collected from users of social media mobile apps. Results show that TMS is a valid second-order construct. From the social capital perspective, cognitive capital, relational capital and structural capital each have positive effects on TMS which further has a positive effect on knowledge sharing. From the task visibility perspective, knowledge sharing visibility has a positive effect on knowledge sharing.

Discovery and Identification of Memory Corruption Vulnerabilities on Bare-Metal Embedded Devices

Memory corruption vulnerabilities remain a prevalent threat on low-cost bare-metal devices. Fuzzing is a popular technique for automatically discovering such vulnerabilities. However, bare-metal devices lack even basic security mechanisms such as Memory Management Unit. Consequently, fuzzing approaches encounter silent memory corruptions with no visible effects, making even discovery difficult. Once discovered, it is also essential to identify the type of observed vulnerability for applying mitigation. Both discovery and identification remain open challenges in the case of fuzzing firmware binaries. This article addresses these problems by proposing an automated instrumentation technique that allows the observation of memory corruption vulnerabilities that are otherwise not observable and facilitates the automated identification of the observed vulnerability. Additionally, we surveyed state-of-the-art IoT fuzzers and analyzed their experimental methodologies. We found that existing approaches have fundamental problems that lead to incorrect or misleading results. To evaluate the effectiveness of IoT fuzzers, it is essential to determine the range and type of vulnerabilities that these fuzzers can discover. Thus, we propose the first ground-truth benchmark suite for IoT fuzzers that enables accurate and consistent evaluation of their vulnerability-finding performance. Our instrumentation framework's efficacy and efficiency in combination with state-of-the-art IoT fuzzers are assessed using the proposed benchmark.

Hygiene theater: an important risk reduction signal for the future of retailing

PurposeHygiene theater is a new phenomenon that has emerged from the ongoing Coronavirus (Covid-19) global pandemic. The authors propose and test the concept of hygiene theater – comprised of purposeful and visible dynamic performance and static staging cues – on customers' approach-avoidance intentions in the retail environment. The authors explore the underlying process and show when environmental conditions such as human crowding dilute the positive effects of hygiene theater.Design/methodology/approachAcross three experiments, participants evaluated a video or scenario related to a shopping experience in a retail store. Sequential mediation and moderated sequential mediation using PROCESS were performed.FindingsThe results show a positive and direct effect of hygiene visibility on approach responses, due to a reduction in perceived risk and increased psychological comfort. This positive effect is diluted when crowding in the retail environment is high.Originality/valueAs society adapts to a new normal, this study offers contributions to improve theoretical knowledge of the impact of hygiene theater on customer approach responses, helping retailers to develop and implement health and safety policies, better equipping them to manage similar situations going forward. The authors provide insights for academics and practitioners alike.

Characterization of a chloroacetanilide derivative in a chronic oral toxicology study in rats

Introduction. For the treatment of agricultural crops, an original herbicide of selective action was created - propisochlor, a derivative of chloroacetanilide. Its characteristics in an acute toxicological experiment didn’t reveal the features of the pathogenesis of intoxication. The identification of regularities in the manifestation of the toxic properties of propisochlor in various regimens with the oral route of exposure is necessary at the stage of production design. Moreover, it is necessary to substantiate a number of hygienic regulations for safe production and its further application in agriculture, which lies in the plane of solving the leading state tasks aimed at protecting human health and its environment, and meets the requirements of international legislation. A special role in the development of such methods and methods belongs to the sanitary-toxicological study of new xenobiotics and generic molecules, as a result of which threshold and subthreshold doses of pesticide preparations and their active substances are determined. The aim of this study was to characterize propisochlor in a chronic oral toxicology study in rats. To achieve the goal, it was necessary to solve the following tasks: to study the chronic oral effect of the chloroacetanilide derivative on the rat organism; establish a dose that does not have a visible undesirable effect (NOELch); set the lowest dose at which no adverse effects are observed (LOAELch); calculate the allowable daily intake, or allowable daily exposure (ADD, or ADI, or PDE) for a person. Material and methods. The object of testing in this work was a herbicide from the class of chloroacetanilide, propisochlor. The test system in the chronic experiment was white male rats, on which the influence of the test compound was evaluated in dynamics after 1, 3, 6 and 12 months according to the state of integral indicators. Results. The parameters of the oral toxicity of the test compound were determined and the changes in the studied integral indicators were evaluated at various stages of the experiment in a chronic experiment. Conclusion. Based on the comparative characterization of a new herbicide propisochlor in a chronic oral toxicology study in rats, a non-acting dose (NOEL), the lowest effective dose (LOAEL), and an acceptable daily dose for humans (ADI, or PDE) are justified.

Changes in the morphology traits, anatomical structure of the leaves and transcriptome in Lycium barbarum L. under salt stress.

Salt stress directly affects the growth of plants. The limitation of leaf grow is among the earliest visible effects of salt stress. However, the regulation mechanism of salt treatments on leaf shape has not been fully elucidated. We measured the morphological traits and anatomical structure. In combination with transcriptome analysis, we analyzed differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and verified the RNA-seq data by qRT-PCR. Finally, we analyzed correlation between leaf microstructure parameters and expansin genes. We show that the leaf thickness, the width, and the leaf length significantly increased at elevated salt concentrations after salt stress for 7 days. Low salt mainly promoted the increase in leaves length and width, but high salt concentration accelerated the leaf thickness. The anatomical structure results indicated that palisade mesophyll tissues contribute more to leaf thickness than spongy mesophyll tissues, which possibly contributed to the increase in leaf expansion and thickness. Moreover, a total of 3,572 DEGs were identified by RNA-seq. Notably, six of the DEGs among 92 identified genes concentrated on cell wall synthesis or modification were involved in cell wall loosening proteins. More importantly, we demonstrated that there was a strong positive correlation between the upregulated EXLA2 gene and the thickness of the palisade tissue in L. barbarum leaves. These results suggested that salt stress possibly induced the expression of EXLA2 gene, which in turn increased the thickness of L. barbarum leaves by promoting the longitudinal expansion of cells of the palisade tissue. This study lays a solid knowledge for revealing the underlying molecular mechanisms of leaf thickening in L. barbarum in response to salt stresses.

Effects of mesotherapy treatments on subjective assessment of facial skin in patients aged 40+

Introduction. Needle mesotherapy is a procedure that has been known since the 20th century. It involves intradermal or subcutaneous administration of active substances that are responsible for renewal and regeneration. Cyclic punctures performed during the procedure further stimulate the formation of collagen, elastin and hyaluronic acid.Aim. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the effectiveness of needle mesotherapy treatment based on the subjective opinions of patients of aesthetic medicine offices in the Tri‑City area.Material and methods. Questionnaires of our own authorship were used in the study of patients' opinions. The procedure was performed under local anesthesia, using a preparation containing in its composition hyaluronic acid and a mixture of amino acids.Results. Based on the obtained results, it can be concluded that needle mesotherapy treatment is a highly effective procedure that meets the expectations of clients. The main group of people interested in the treatment are women aged 40–45, with a college or post‑secondary education, living in a married couple. The effects of needle mesotherapy include an increase in hydration, improvement in firmness and elasticity, reduction of wrinkles, equalization of skin tone and increased skin smoothness. The increase in skin hydration and skin smoothness are the most visible effects. On average, 2 out of 10 needle mesotherapy treatments may be followed by side effects, which last up to a maximum of 3 days after treatment.Conclusions. Needle mesotherapy is one of the more popular and safe ways to preserve the youthful appearance of the face and neck skin. In the majority of treatments, side effects do not occur or are so minor that patients are able to return to daily life within a short period of time. The vast majority of respondents are satisfied with the results of the procedure performed and express a desire to continue.

Green Jobs: Bibliometric Review.

Among the visible effects as Sustainable Development (SD) transitions from theory into practice, there are Green Jobs (GJs). There are multiple variants in naming this phenomenon in the labor market. Among them are green collars, green employment, and sustainable employment, all indicating a profound inconsistency in the GJ definition. This article aims to identify keyword-specified areas around which the topic of GJs revolves in the scientific literature indexed in the Scopus database. The usage of two methods has achieved this goal. First is the Structured Literature Review (SLR) variation with queries, and it is used to explore the scientific database to determine GJ's definition consistency by the queries syntax. The second method is the search results analysis performed in the Scopus database online to identify the most cited publications and most contributing authors. Then the bibliometric analysis was performed to create bibliometric maps of the most critical keywords in VOSviewer software. The combination of those two approaches allowed this research to indicate the most influential research directions on GJs. The results are presented in graphical forms, and tables with main co-occurring keyword clusters were identified. GJs are a key part of green economy development, where green self-employment and green entrepreneurship play a pivotal role. The presented results can inspire other researchers who are looking for a research gap or describing the state of the art. Politicians and decision-makers can be influenced by the presented contextualization of green job's meaning in the labor market.

Distributions of the Wigner reaction matrix for microwave networks with symplectic symmetry in the presence of absorption.

We report on experimental studies of the distribution of the reflection coefficients, and the imaginary and real parts of Wigner's reaction (K) matrix employing open microwave networks with symplectic symmetry and varying size of absorption. The results are compared to analytical predictions derived for the single-channel scattering case within the framework of random-matrix theory (RMT). Furthermore, we performed Monte Carlo simulations based on the Heidelberg approach for the scattering (S) and K matrix of open quantum-chaotic systems and the two-point correlation function of the S-matrix elements. The analytical results and the Monte Carlo simulations depend on the size of absorption. To verify them, we performed experiments with microwave networks for various absorption strengths. We show that deviations from RMT predictions observed in the spectral properties of the corresponding closed quantum graph and attributed to the presence of nonuniversal short periodic orbits does not have any visible effects on the distributions of the reflection coefficients and the K and S matrices associated with the corresponding open quantum graph.

Influence of 2-Nitroimidazoles in the Response of FaDu Cells to Ionizing Radiation and Hypoxia/Reoxygenation Stress

Cellular adaptations to hypoxia promote resistance to ionizing radiation (IR). This presents a challenge for treatment of head and neck cancer (HNC) that relies heavily on radiotherapy. Standard radiosensitizers often fail to reach diffusion-restricted hypoxic cells, whereas nitroimidazoles (NIs) [such as iodoazomycin arabinofuranoside (IAZA) and fluoroazomycin arabinofuranoside (FAZA)] can preferentially accumulate in hypoxic tumours. Here, we explored if the hypoxia-selective uptake of IAZA and FAZA could be harnessed to make HNC cells (FaDu) susceptible to radiation therapy. Cellular response to treatment was assessed through clonogenic survival assays and by monitoring DNA damage (immunofluorescence staining of DNA damage markers, γ-H2AX and p-53BP1, and by alkaline comet assay). The effects of reoxygenation were studied using the following assays: estimation of nucleoside incorporation to assess DNA synthesis rates, immunofluorescent imaging of chromatin-associated replication protein A as a marker of replication stress, and quantification of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Both IAZA and FAZA sensitized hypoxic HNC cells to IR, albeit the former is a better radiosensitizer. Radiosensitization by these compounds was restricted only to hypoxic cells, with no visible effects under normoxia. IAZA and FAZA impaired cellular adaptation to reoxygenation; high levels of ROS, reduced DNA synthesis capacity, and signs of replication stress were observed in reoxygenated cells. Overall, our data highlight the therapeutic potentials of IAZA and FAZA for targeting hypoxic HNC cells and provide rationale for future preclinical studies.

The impact of big data analytics capability on green supply chain integration: an organizational information processing theory perspective

PurposeDespite big data analytics capability (BDAC) has received extensive attention, how and under what conditions BDAC influences green supply chain integration (GSCI) remains unclear. This study draws on organizational information processing theory to examine the mediating effect of supply chain visibility in the BDAC–GSCI link and the moderating effects of flexibility- and control-oriented culture.Design/methodology/approachThe authors examined the research model using two-waved survey data gathered from 317 Chinese firms. The authors employed hierarchical regression analysis and bootstrapping method to test hypotheses and assessed the robust of theoretical model using structural model.FindingsThe authors found that BDAC facilitates all three dimensions of GSCI. Supply visibility mediates the relationship between BDAC and all three dimensions of GSCI, whereas demand visibility only mediates the positive effects of BDAC on green internal and customer integration. In addition, control-oriented culture strengthens the positive impacts of BDAC on supply and demand visibility, while the moderating effects of flexibility-oriented culture are insignificant.Originality/valueThis research contributes to opening the “black box” of how BDAC affects GSCI and provides novel guidelines for firms enhancing the degree of GSCI.

The effect of visibility of country of origin labelling on consumers' fresh meat preferences

PurposeThe intent of displaying country of origin (COO) detail on food packaging is to inform consumers' purchase decisions. Of interest is whether how the COO information is displayed is important to consumers. This study examines the importance of attributes associated with the visibility of COO labelling in the context of packaged fresh meat.Design/methodology/approachBest–worst Scaling (BWS) is used to investigate consumers' preferences for label attributes. Treatments involved two countries (New Zealand and Australia), four font sizes and two placement positionings of COO information on the packaging.FindingsFirst, the study indicated consumers' preference for domestic than imported meat. This finding supports the intent of COO labelling, which is to inform product selection. Second, the authors ascertained that how COO information is displayed in terms of visibility is important also. Consumers indicated a preference for larger than smaller font size. However, where the COO detail is located on the packaging is of less importance.Originality/valueWhile regulations increasingly apply to provision of COO labelling of fresh foods, surprisingly little research has considered consumers' preferences for labelling practice. The study’s findings have implications for public policy decisions and contribute guidelines for retail practice.

Effect of Head Position and Magnetic Resonance Sequence on Cochlear Implant-Related Artifact Size and Internal Auditory Canal Visibility.

To assess whether cochlear implant (CI)-related magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) artifact and visibility of the internal auditory canal (IAC) can be improved with head positioning and select MRI sequences. CI-related MRI artifact limits the use of CIs in otherwise good candidates because of the need for serial MRIs for monitoring of pathology. This most notably impacts patients with tumors of the cerebellopontine angle and IAC. Two cadaver heads were implanted with either a Med-El CONCERT (fixed magnet) or SYNCHRONY (rotating magnet) device. Each head was imaged in a 1.5T scanner in 11 different positions. The SYNCHRONY-implanted head was also imaged in a 3.0T scanner in seven positions. Artifact size and IAC visibility (graded on a Likert scale) were measured for each head position by a neuroradiologist. The CONCERT CI produced significantly smaller artifact than the SYNCHRONY CI (effect size, 14.65 mm; p < 0.001). There was no significant difference between CI models in regard to IAC visibility. No head positions were statistically significantly better than neutral position for minimizing artifact size or IAC visibility, although some positions resulted in significantly larger artifact (effect sizes, 2.1-14.3 mm; p < 0.05) or significantly poorer IAC visibility (effect size, 1.4; p < 0.01). The T2 three-dimensional (CISS/FIESTA) sequence demonstrated significantly smaller artifact than T1 sequences, whereas T1 sequences demonstrated significantly better IAC visibility than T2 sequences. Head positioning and magnetic resonance sequence selection impact CI-related artifact size and IAC visibility.

Лимфангиома вульвы у молодой женщины, диагностированная ранее как аногенитальные бородавки

Lymphangioma of the vulva is a rare benign tumor. Clinical manifestations in the form of papillomatous growths make differential diagnosis difficult and are often regarded as a herpes virus or papillomavirus infection. We present a clinical case of vulvar lymphangioma in a 19-year-old patient with an 8-year history of the disease, previously diagnosed as papillomavirus infection, for which cryodestruction was repeatedly performed without any visible effect. Clinically, the disease was manifested by multiple verrucous growths on the labia majora. A skin biopsy showed hyperplastic epidermis with hyperkeratosis, cavities lined with endothelium and filled with eosinophilic protein fluid. To date, there is no consensus on the optimal therapy for vulvar lymphangioma. The use of destructive methods is not always effective and the recurrence, rate remains high enough.

The built environment’s nonlinear effects on the elderly’s propensity to walk

The increased ageing of the population is a vital and upcoming challenge for China. Walking is one of the easiest and most common forms of exercise for older people, and promoting walking among older people is important for reducing medical stress. Streetscape green visibility and the normalised difference vegetation index (NDVI) are perceptible architectural elements, both of which promote walking behaviour. Methodologically we used Baidu Street View images and extracted NDVI from streetscape green visibility and remote sensing to scrutinize the nonlinear effects of streetscape green visibility and NDVI on older people’s walking behaviour. The study adopted a random forest machine learning model. The findings indicate that the impact of streetscape green visibility on elderly walking is superior to NDVI, while both have a favourable influence on senior walking propensity within a particular range but a negative effect on elderly walking inside that range. Overall the built environment had a non-linear effect on the propensity to walk of older people. Therefore, this study allows the calculation of optimal thresholds for the physical environment, which can be used by governments and planners to formulate policies and select appropriate environmental thresholds as indicators to update or build a community walking environment that meets the needs of local older people, depending on their own economic situation.