Visfatin Concentrations Research Articles

Association of serum Interleukin-10, omentin-1 and visfatin concentration with metabolic risk factors in obese children

Association of serum Interleukin-10, omentin-1 and visfatin concentration with metabolic risk factors in obese children

The effect of cannabinoid receptor 1 blockade on adipokine and proinflammatory cytokine concentration in adipose and hepatic tissue in mice with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.

In high-fat diet (HFD) induced nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), there is an increase in the endocannabinoid system activity, which significantly contributes to steatosis development. The aim of our study was to investigate the effects of cannabinoid receptor type 1 blockade on adipokine and proinflammatory cytokine content in adipose and hepatic tissue in mice with NAFLD. Male mice C57BL/6 were divided into a control group fed with a control diet for 20 weeks (C, n = 6) a group fed with a HFD for 20 weeks (HF, n = 6), a group fed with a control diet and treated with rimonabant after 18 weeks (R, n = 9), and a group fed with HFD and treated with rimonabant after 18 weeks (HFR, n = 10). Rimonabant significantly decreased leptin, resistin, apelin, visfatin, interleukin 6 (IL-6), and interferon-γ (IFN-γ) concentration in subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissue in the HFR group compared to the HF group (p < 0.01). Rimonabant reduced hepatic IL-6 and IFN-γ concentration as well as plasma glucose and insulin concentration and the homeostatic model assessment index in the HFR group compared to the HF group (p < 0.01). It can be concluded that the potential usefulness of CB1 blockade in the treatment of HFD-induced NAFLD is due to modulation of the adipokine profile and proinflammatory cytokines in both adipose tissues and liver as well as glucose metabolism.

Adipokine profiles in preeclampsia

Objectives: Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP), including preeclampsia (PE), are associated with short- and long-term maternal health complications, and obesity is a leading attributable risk factor for HDP. Yet, most women identified as obese [by body mass index (BMI) ≥ 30 kg/m2] do not develop HDP, indicating limited predictability of BMI alone. In nonpregnant populations, increased visceral fat mass (VFM) is an obesity-associated phenotype increasing the risk of developing hypertension. We sought to assess whether, in pregnancy, obese women with PE would have higher circulating levels of adipokines preferential to VFM compared to obese women without PE.Study Design: We performed a case-control study of women with and without PE, including obese (n = 65; BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2) and normal weight (n = 52; BMI 18.4–24.9 kg/m2) women. Plasma concentrations of adipokines preferential to VFM (visfatin, resistin), adipokines reflecting overall adiposity (leptin, adiponectin), and inflammatory cytokines were compared.Results: We found that among obese women, cases had significantly higher levels of VFM-associated adipokines and cytokines compared to controls [visfatin (p < .01, t = −3.8), resistin (p = .002, t = 1.12), IFN gamma (p = .04, t = −2.0), IL-6 (p < .01, t = −2.65), IL1-beta (p < .01, t = −4.1), IL-2 (p < .01, t = −3.9)]. Interestingly, however, obese and normal weight cases had similar VFM-adipokine and cytokine levels [visfatin (p = .34, t = −0.35), resistin (p = .55, t = −0.25)], and inflammatory marker concentrations [IFN gamma (p = .86, t = −0.76), IL-6 (p = .91, t = −0.53), IL-1beta (p = .67, t = 1.18), and IL-2 (p = .45, t = −1.16)]. These data possibly suggest an association between VFM and PE that is present independent of BMI.Conclusion: In summary, we demonstrated that, in normal-weight and obese women, PE was associated with higher concentrations of VFM-preferential adipokines compared to normal-weight and obese controls without PE.

Are cord blood visfatin concentrations different depending on birth weight category?

Background and objectiveIncreased visceral adipose tissue mass is strongly associated to metabolic disorders. Visfatin is a visceral fat adipocytokine. There is epidemiological evidence of a link between a suboptimal gestational environment and a greater propensity to develop metabolic disease in adult life. The objective of this study was to establish whether visfatin concentrations in umbilical cord blood are different in newborns small for gestational age (SGA), appropriate for gestational age (AGA), and large for gestational age (LGA). Subjects and methodsTerm newborns from an university medical center were included in the study. A blood sample was taken from the umbilical cord vein of each baby immediately after birth. Visfatin was measured using an enzyme immunoassay in the study population, consisting of 35 subjects in the SGA group, 58 in the AGA group, and 35 in the LGA group. ResultsCord blood visfatin concentrations were not different in the three groups, with respective values of 2.78 (1.86–4.49) ng/mL, 3.28 (1.98–4.97) ng/mL, and 3.46 (2.48–5.38) ng/mL in the SGA, AGA and LGA groups (p=0.141). Gestational weight gain (GWG) (14.09±6.37kg) was negatively associated to visfatin levels (r=−0.218, p=0.036). GWG is an independent predictor of visfatin concentrations (r2=−0.067, p=0.027). ConclusionsThere were no differences in cord blood visfatin concentrations depending on birth weight. GWG is an independent predictor of visfatin levels in the cord blood of term newborns.

Role of Some Biochemical and Genetic Markers in Predicting The Severity of Brain Injury

Head trauma is one of common injury related mortality and morbidity. Blood biomarkers are valuable tools for the identification and characterization of initial injury and secondary pathological processes for traumatic brain injury (TBI). This study evaluated the performance of a recently developed visfatin and its genetic marker and its correlation with other blood circulating biomarkers that reflect specific pathological mechanisms including neuro inflammation, neuron injury and oxidative damage in moderate to severe TBI patients. Peripheral blood was taken from TBI patients (n=78) at hospital admission, maximum 6 hours post-injury. Severity and neurological outcome were assessed using the extended Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) and blood level of: visfatin and its gene, neuron specific enolase (NSE), malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione (GSH). Concentrations of visfatin, NSE and MDA were significantly higher in TBI patients compared to control group, while SOD and GSH were decreased in TBI patients compared to control group. Visfatin was positively correlated with NSE and MDA, while there was negative correlation with SOD and GSH. Regarding visfatin genotype, CC genotype had the highest plasma concentrations of visfatin, NSE and MDA and lowest concentrations of SOD and GSH. These concentrations did not significantly differ between the variant genotypes CT and TT. In conclusion blood level of visfatin and its genetic marker in correlation with other blood biomarkers can be used for prediction of severity of TBI cases.

Salivary visfatin concentrations in patients with chronic periodontitis: An analysis before and after periodontal therapy.

Visfatin, also known as pre-B-cell colony enhancing factor, is secreted from a variety of cells and is thought to have some proinflammatory and immunomodulating effects. It is indicated that serum/plasma levels of visfatin increase in a number of inflammatory disorders. The present study aims to assess salivary visfatin concentrations and investigate its relationship in patients with chronic periodontitis before and after periodontal therapy. This prospective clinical study included a total of 20 subjects who were divided into two groups with 10 patients in each viz Group A: Periodontally healthy subjects, Group B: Chronic periodontitis subjects. In group B, the subjects were further assigned as T1 and T2 groups before and after periodontal therapy. Periodontal parameters including plaque index, gingival index, sulcus bleeding index, probing depth and clinical attachment level were recorded at baseline and patients were subjected to periodontal therapy. An ELISA analysis was performed to measure the visfatin levels in saliva in study groups before and after 12 weeks of periodontal therapy. The results were evaluated statistically using Student t-test, one way ANOVA, Post-hoc Tukey's test and Pearson's rank correlation method. The salivary visfatin concentrations were reduced significantly after periodontal therapy. There were statistically significant differences elicited in salivary visfatin levels of Group A and T1 of Group B and also between T1 and T2 of Group B. Salivary levels of Visfatin are reduced after periodontal therapy to the levels comparable with those found in healthy individuals. Therefore, the salivary visfatin levels may have the potential to be a target marker for assessment of responses to periodontal therapy.

Association of Circulating Adipsin, Visfatin, and Adiponectin with Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Adults: A Case-Control Study

Background/Aims: Some adipokines, such as adiponectin and leptin, have been reported to be involved in the pathogenesis of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), while the association of adipsin and visfatin with NAFLD still remains unclear. This study aimed to examine the association of circulating adipsin, visfatin, and adiponectin with NAFLD in Chinese adults. Methods: We recruited a total of 211 eligible subjects, including 100 NAFLD cases and 111 age and sex frequency-matched controls. Circulating adipsin, visfatin, and adiponection concentrations were measured by enzymatic immunoassay. Unconditional logistic regression was conducted to assess the associations between quartiles of adipokines and NAFLD. Results: Compared with the controls, NAFLD cases had higher levels of adipsin and lower levels of visfatin and adiponectin. By multivariate logistic analysis, adjusting for potential confounders, circulating adipsin levels were found to be positively associated with NAFLD risk, and circulating levels of visfatin and adiponectin were inversely associated with the risk of NAFLD (all p-trend < 0.05). The ORs were 3.76 (95% CI 1.27–11.08) for adipsin, 0.30 (95% CI 0.10–0.91) for visfatin, and 0.30 (95% CI 0.10–0.88) for adiponectin comparing subjects in the highest quartile with those in the lowest. After stratified by obesity status, the association of higher adipsin with increased risk of NAFLD was only observed in nonobese group. Additionally, the inverse association between adiponectin and NAFLD was found in both groups. Conclusions: These results indicated that increased circulating levels of adipsin and decreased circulating levels of visfatin and adiponectin were independently associated with the increased risk of NAFLD.

Women with COPD by biomass show different serum profile of adipokines, incretins, and peptide hormones than smokers

BackgroundThe main causes of COPD are tobacco smoking (COPD-TS) and biomass smoke exposure (COPD-BS). COPD-TS is known to induce changes in adipokines, incretins, and peptide hormones, frequent biomarkers of inflammation; however, it is unknown if similar changes occur in COPD-BS.MethodsClinical and physiological characteristics, and serum concentration of C-peptide, ghrelin, GIP, GLP-1, glucagon, insulin, leptin, PAI-1, resistin, and visfatin were measured in women with COPD-BS, COPD-TS, and healthy controls.Data were compared with one-way ANOVA and Tukey’s post hoc test; nonparametric were expressed as median (interquartile ranges), with Kruskal-Wallis and Dunn’s post-hoc test. Multivariate analysis, age, BMI, MS, and FEV1% pred with levels of inflammatory mediators in COPD women.ResultsFEV1% pred, FVC% pred, and FEV1/FVC ratio were decremented in COPD. In COPD-TS increased C-peptide, ghrelin, GIP, GLP-1, and leptin, and reduced glucagon, PAI-1, resistin, and visfatin. In COPD-BS enlarged ghrelin, insulin, leptin, and PAI-1 comparatively with COPD-TS and control, while C-peptide and GLP-1 relatively with controls; conversely, glucagon, and resistin were reduced. Multivariate analysis showed association of ghrelin, insulin, PAI-1, and visfatin with BS exposure.Conclusionswomen with COPD-BS have a distinct profile of adipokines, incretins, and peptide hormones, and specifically with ghrelin, insulin, PAI-1, and visfatin related to BS exposure.

Diurnal distribution of carbohydrates and fat affects substrate oxidation and adipokine secretion in humans

A diet in which fat is mainly eaten in the morning and carbohydrates mainly in the evening (compared with the reverse order) was recently shown to worsen glycemic control in people with prediabetes. We investigated the effects of these dietary patterns on energy metabolism, and on the daily profiles of circulating lipids, adipokines, and inflammatory markers. In a randomized controlled crossover trial, 29 nonobese men (with normal glucose tolerance, n=18; or impaired fasting glucose/glucose tolerance, n=11) underwent 2 isocaloric 4-wk diets: 1) carbohydrate-rich meals until 1330 and fat-rich meals between 1630 and 2200 (HC/HF); or 2) the inverse sequence of meals (HF/HC). During a 12-h clinical investigation day after each intervention period, 2 meal tolerance tests were performed, at 0900 and 1540, respectively. Substrate oxidation and concentrations of circulating lipids, adipokines, and cytokines were assessed pre- and postprandially. The postprandial inflammatory response in leukocytes was analyzed ex vivo. Fasting carbohydrate oxidation decreased (P=0.004) and lipid oxidation increased (P=0.012) after the HC/HF diet. Fasting concentrations of blood markers did not differ between diets. The diets modulated the daily profiles of carbohydrate oxidation, lipid oxidation, and β-hydroxybutyrate, although the average daily values of these parameters showed no difference between the diets, and no interaction between diet and glucose tolerance status. Diurnal patterns of triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, leptin, visfatin, and of LPS-induced cytokine secretion in blood leukocytes were also modulated by the diets. Average daily concentrations of leptin (P=0.017) and visfatin (P=0.041) were lower on the HF/HC diet than on the HC/HF diet. Diurnal distribution of carbohydrates and fat affects the daily profiles of substrate oxidation, circulating lipids, and cytokine secretion, and alters the average daily concentrations of adipokine secretion in nonobese nondiabetic humans. The study was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT02487576.

Plasma visfatin concentrations in hypothyroid patients and its relationship with thyroid autoimmunity and atherosclerosis

Amac: Visfatin/pre-B cell enhancement factor; insulin direnci, diyabet, dislipidemi, inflamasyon, otoimmun hastaliklar ve ateroskleroz patogeneziyle iliskili adipoz dokudan salinan TNF-alfa ve IL-6 gibi inflamatuar sitokinlerin yapimini uyarir. Bu calismada amacimiz otoimmun hipotiroidizmli hastalarda plazma visfatin duzeyi ve bunun tiroid otoimmunitesi ve ateroskleroz ile iliskisini degerlendirmektir. Gerec ve Yontem: Calismamiza 35 yeni tani alm is Hashimoto hipotiroidili olgu (32 kadin/3 erkek, ort. yas 43.8±9.6) ve 18 saglikli kontrol (17 kadin/1 erkek, ort. yas 43.3±5.2) dahil edildi. Tiroid hormon replasmani oncesi ve sonrasi antropometrik olcumler, karotid intima-media kalinligi (KIMK), serum anti-Tg, anti-TPO, hsCRP, homosistein, lipo(a), ApoA, ApoB1, β-2 mikroglobulin, insulin, glukoz, visfatin, IL6, TNF-α, okside-LDL, lenfosit subgruplari ve lipid profile olcumleri yapildi. Serum visfatin konsantrasyonlari ELISA yontemiyle calisildi. Bulgular: Serum visfatin konsantrasyonlari otoimmun hipotiroidizm grubu ile kontrol grubu arasinda benzerdi (6.29 ± 1.63 ng/ml to 6.36 ± 1.51 ng/ml, p>0.05), tiroid otoimmunitesi ve ateroskleroz belirtecleriyle korelasyonu saptanmadi. Tedavi oncesi ve sonrasi hipotiroidi hastalarinin plazma visfatin, okside LDL, IL-6 ve TNF-α konsantrasyonlari ile saglikli kontrol grubu arasinda istatiksel farklilik gorulmedi. Sistolik ve diyastolik kan basinci, HOMA-IR, trigliserid, Apo B and ApoB/ApoA, homosistein, β-2 mikroglobulin, KIMK gibi kardiyovaskuler risk faktorleri hasta grubunda yuksek olarak bulundu. Okside-LDL, kolesterol, homosistein ve proteinuria konsantrasyonlari anti-Tg ile pozitif korele idi. Sonuc: Serum visfatin konsantrasyonlari ile tiroid otoimmunitesi ve ateroskleroz arasinda iliski bulunmadi.

Are cord blood visfatin concentrations different depending on birth weight category?

Background and objectiveIncreased visceral adipose tissue mass is strongly associated to metabolic disorders. Visfatin is a visceral fat adipocytokine. There is epidemiological evidence of a link between a suboptimal gestational environment and a greater propensity to develop metabolic disease in adult life. The objective of this study was to establish whether visfatin concentrations in umbilical cord blood are different in newborns small for gestational age (SGA), appropriate for gestational age (AGA), and large for gestational age (LGA). Subjects and methodsTerm newborns from an university medical center were included in the study. A blood sample was taken from the umbilical cord vein of each baby immediately after birth. Visfatin was measured using an enzyme immunoassay in the study population, consisting of 35 subjects in the SGA group, 58 in the AGA group, and 35 in the LGA group. ResultsCord blood visfatin concentrations were not different in the three groups, with respective values of 2.78 (1.86–4.49) ng/mL, 3.28 (1.98–4.97) ng/mL, and 3.46 (2.48–5.38) ng/mL in the SGA, AGA and LGA groups (p=0.141). Gestational weight gain (GWG) (14.09±6.37kg) was negatively associated to visfatin levels (r=−0.218, p=0.036). GWG is an independent predictor of visfatin concentrations (r2=−0.067, p=0.027). ConclusionsThere were no differences in cord blood visfatin concentrations depending on birth weight. GWG is an independent predictor of visfatin levels in the cord blood of term newborns.

Plasma adipokine concentrations in overweight/obese pregnant women: a longitudinal study

The purpose of this study was to investigate the differences in plasma concentrations of adipokines in pregnant women with varying body mass indices (BMIs) with every trimester. In this study, 89 pregnant women were recruited. These women were divided into lean, normal, and overweight/obese groups. Serum levels of adiponectin, resistin, leptin, and visfatin were measured in the first, second, and third trimesters. In the overweight/obese group, adiponectin, resistin, and visfatin concentrations were not significantly affected by advanced gestational age. Leptin concentrations in the third trimester were significantly higher than those in the first and second trimesters. Adiponectin concentrations in the overweight/obese group were significantly lower than those in the lean group in the first and second trimesters. Visfatin concentrations in the overweight/obese group were significantly higher than those in the normal group in the first trimester. Leptin concentrations in the overweight/obese group were significantly higher than those in the lean and normal groups in all trimesters. In the first trimester, the largest differences were observed between the overweight/obese group compared to the lean and normal group. The changes in adipokines in overweight/obese groups are different from those in lean and normal groups.

Comparison of salivary Visfatin in patients with periodontitis and peri-implantitis in an Iranian population

Background. Visfatin (pre-B-cell colony-enhancing factor) is a salivary biomarker secreted from a variety of cells and is thought to have some proinflammatory and immune-modulating effects. This study compared salivary concentrations of visfatin in patients with chronic periodontitis and periimplantitis and healthy individuals. Methods. In this cross-sectional and descriptive trial, patients were selected on the basis of inclusion and exclusion criteria. The whole saliva samples were collected; then according to the measured clinical parameters the patients were categorized to peri-, chronic periodontitis and periodontally healthy individuals. The concentrations of visfatin were evaluated using a standard ELISA kit. The salivary concentrations of visfatin were statistically analyzed using Kruskal-Wallis test. A probability value of less than 0.05 was considered significant. Results. A total of 40 participants (21 females and 19 males) were enrolled in this study. The mean salivary visfatin concentrations in the periodontally healthy individuals, periimplantitis patients and chronic periodontitis patients were 23.97 ng/mL, 12.83 ng/mL and 11.95 ng/mL, respectively. However; visfatin levels were higher in healthy individuals compared to other groups No significant differences were found in salivary visfatin concentrations between the three groups. Conclusion. Under the limitations of this study, no significant relationships were found regarding salivary concentrations of visfatin among periimplantitis and chronic periodontitis patients as compared to healthy individuals; however, more studies are required in this regard.

The Role of Umbilical Cord Blood Concentration of IGF-I, IGF-II, Leptin, Adiponectin, Ghrelin, Resistin, and Visfatin in Fetal Growth.

Herein, we measured the concentration of insulinlike growth factor I (IGF-I), IGF-II, leptin, adiponectin, ghrelin, resistin, and visfatin in the umbilical cord blood of newborns categorized as "small for gestational age" (SGA), "appropriate for gestational age" (AGA), and "large for gestational age" (LGA). Our aim was to elucidate the link between the levels of these proteins and fetal growth. A total of 96 term infants were included and categorized into three weight categories. Their venous cord blood samples were collected to measure the levels of IGF-I, IGF-II, leptin, adiponectin, ghrelin, resistin, and visfatin. IGF-I, visfatin, and leptin levels showed significant differences among the groups. Pairwise comparisons showed that adiponectin (p = 0.023), resistin (p = 0.025), and ghrelin (p = 0.005) levels were significantly lower in the SGA group than in the LGA group. Correlation analyses showed a strong association of IGF-1, IGF-II, and leptin levels with birth weight (r = 0.644, p < 0.001; r = 0.441, p < 0.001; and r = 0.404, p < 0.001, respectively). SGA newborns showed a significantly higher visfatin concentration and lower ghrelin, leptin, resistin, and adiponectin levels than the AGA and LGA newborns did.

Psoriasis,Cardiovascular Disease,and Adipokines

Psoriasis usually combines with metabolic diseases,and the prevalence of cardiovascular disease remarkably increases in psoriatic patients. Adipokines,which play an important role in the cardiovascular diseases,also express abnormally in psoriasis and may induce or exacerbate the skin lesion. The adipokines associated with psoriasis and cardiovascular disease include adiponectin,leptin,resistin,omentin,visfatin,chemerin,and retinoid binding protein 4 (RBP-4). The levels of adiponectin and omentin apparently decrease in psoriatic patients compared to healthy controls,and thus they may play protective roles for psoriasis. Similarly,adiponectin plays a protective role in cardiovascular disease,but the role of retina in cardiovascular disease is still controversial. However,the concentrations of leptin,resistin,visfatin,chemerin,and RBP-4 in patients with psoriasis or cardiovascular disease are significantly higher than those of the controls;therefore,they may serve as the pathogenic factors for both diseases. Low adiponectin,leptin,visfatin,and chemerin levels may induce or aggravate psoriasis by activating plasmacytoid dendritic cells or T cells,as demonstrated in in vitro experiments. However,in vitro experiments also have shown that visfatin may inhibit cardiomyocyte apoptosis.

Effects of Systemic Simvastatin on the Concentrations of Visfatin, Tumor Necrosis Factor-α, and Interleukin-6 in Gingival Crevicular Fluid in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes and Chronic Periodontitis.

Purpose The objective of this study is to explore the relationship between the levels of interleukin- (IL-) 6, tumor necrosis factor- (TNF-) α, and visfatin and simvastatin usage, in the gingival crevicular fluids (GCFs) of diabetic patients afflicted with chronic periodontitis. Methods Eighty outpatients at the Periodontology Department, Faculty of Dentistry, University Dental Hospital (King Abdulaziz University), were categorized into 4 groups (20 patients per group), on the basis of radiological evaluation of bone loss, clinical attachment levels (CAL), probing depth (PD), and gingival indices: group 1 (healthy periodontium), group 2 (chronic periodontitis + type 2 diabetes), group 3 (chronic periodontitis), and group 4 (type 2 diabetes + chronic periodontitis + simvastatin). Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays were used to measure IL-6, TNF-α, and visfatin levels. Results Significantly elevated levels of IL-6, TNF-α, and visfatin were seen in group 2 in comparison to groups 1 and 3. Reduced levels were seen in group 4 due to simvastatin usage. Positive association was seen between periodontal variables and the levels of IL-6, TNF-α, and visfatin. Conclusion Periodontal destruction and diabetes have a synergistic effect on the elevation of inflammatory cytokine levels. Simvastatin may be beneficial in improving periodontal health among diabetic patients.

What is the role of adipokines in myasthenia gravis?

ObjectiveMyasthenia gravis (MG) is a disease with autoimmune etiology. The main pathomechanism is related to the production of antibodies against nicotinic acetylcholine receptor. The present study is aimed to compare the serum level of adipokines in patients with MG with that in controls, as well as to study the relation of these levels with disease severity.Patients and methodsFifty patients with MG and 30 healthy individuals were enrolled in our study. Serum concentrations of select adipokines, namely adiponectin, leptin, omentin, visfatin, and resistin were measured.ResultsThe results showed a significant increase in serum concentrations of adiponectin and resistin in the patients with MG compared with the controls.ConclusionFurther studies are warranted to assess changes in adipokine concentration levels in patients with MG.

Adiponectin, Omentin, Ghrelin, and Visfatin Levels in Obese Patients with Severe Obstructive Sleep Apnea.

Objectives Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is closely associated with obesity, insulin resistance, and inflammation. Adiponectin, omentin, ghrelin, and visfatin are adipokines involved in insulin sensitivity or regulation of inflammatory disease. This study aims to clarify the relationship between OSA and associated adipokines. Patients and Methods Thirty overweight male patients with severe OSA and twenty controls underwent standard diagnostic polysomnography (PSG), and 10 patients underwent overnight continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) treatment. Blood samples were collected in the morning after PSG or CPAP procedures. Results Among the investigated adipokines, only plasma omentin levels of patients with OSA were significantly lower than those of control subjects (442.94 ± 191.89 ng/ml versus 573.52±228.67 ng/ml, p=0.034) and levels did not change after CPAP treatment. In patients with OSA, omentin levels were positively correlated with high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL) levels (r=0.378, p=0.007), adiponectin levels (r=0.709, p<0.001), percentage of sleep at the rapid eye movement (REM) stage (r=0.307, p=0.003), and average and minimum SpO2 (p=0.041, 0.046, respectively) and negatively with hypersensitive C-reactive protein (hsCRP, r=-0.379, p=0.007) and apnea-hypopnea index (AHI, r=-0.315, p=0.026). However, plasma concentrations of adiponectin, ghrelin, and visfatin in patients with OSA did not significantly differ from those of the control or correlate with sleep parameters and CPAP treatment. Conclusions Patients with OSA have decreased omentin levels, which are associated with sleep parameters, including AHI, SpO2, percentage of REM sleep, hsCRP, HDL, and adiponectin levels.

Effects of visfatin on brown adipose tissue energy regulation using T37i cells

The role of brown adipose tissue (BAT) in pathological states of energy homeostasis and impaired adipocyte function, such as obesity has been a major area of research interest in recent years. Herein, we sought to determine the direct effects of adipokines, visfatin and leptin on BAT thermogenesis.The effects of mouse recombinant visfatin, nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) and leptin with or without FK866 were studied on differentiated T37i cells. Treated cells were analyzed for key genes and proteins regulating BAT [UCP-1, PRD1-BF1-RIZ1 homologous domain-containing 16 (PRDM-16), PPARgamma-coactivator-1alpha (PGC-1α) and receptor-interacting protein 140 (RIP-140)] using quantitative PCR and western blot analysis. Data is presented as mean P-values.Both visfatin and leptin had significant concentration dependent effects on thermogenesis in brown pre-adipocytes and at physiological levels, increased uncoupling protein-1 (UCP-1) levels in brown adipocytes. These effects of visfatin were similar to that of nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN), further strengthening the enzymatic role of visfatin. We also showed that leptin induced UCP-1 mRNA expression and protein production appears to be mediated by visfatin. High concentrations of both visfatin and leptin led to a dramatic decrease in UCP-1 protein levels, supporting the notion that visfatin levels are raised in obesity and that obese people have reduced BAT activity, plausibly through a reduction in UCP-1 levels. Additionally, we found differential regulation of key brown adipogenic genes, specifically, PRD1-BF1-RIZ1 homologous domain-containing 16 (PRDM-16), PPARgamma-coactivator-1alpha (PGC-1α) and receptor-interacting protein 140 (RIP-140) by visfatin. Our observations provide novel insights in the potential actions of visfatin in BAT.

Improved Insulin Sensitivity and Irisin after a Dietary Weight-Lowering Program in Obese, Otherwise Healthy Subjects

Recent studies suggest that serum irisin might be a predictor of insulin resistance in obese subjects. The aim of the study was to analyze the effect of life style intervention on insulin sensitivity, irisin, and visfatin concentrations. Methods: A group of 43 obese patients (13M/30F; 43.0 ±12.4 years; BMI 31.2 ± 6.3 kg/m2) participated in a weight loss interventional program (NCT02325804) following an 8-week program consisting of hypocaloric diet (-30% energy intake) and physical activity 150 minutes/week. Insulin sensitivity was evaluated according to the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and insulin sensitivity indices according Matsuda and Cederholm were calculated (ISIMat and ISICed). Plasma ALT, AST, irisin, visfatin, and physical fitness were measured. Results: The average reduction of body weight was 6.8±4.9 kg (0-15 kg; p=0.0006), accompanied with significant reduction of body fat mass (p=0.03), and waist circumference (p=0.02). Insulin sensitivity improved (IR HOMA 2.71±3.90 vs. 1.24 ±0.83; p=0.01; ISIMat 6.64±4.38 vs. 8.93±5.36 p ≤ 0.001; ISICed 59.1±21.4 vs. 64.7±22.2 p=0.03). Total and LDL cholesterol, as well as triglycerides decreased (p=0.02, p=0.02, p=0.resp.), Physical fitness significantly improved after intervention (as measured by VO2 max: 25.1±5.9 vs. 28.0±6.0 ml.kg-1.min-1, p ≤ 0.001). Plasma irisin significantly decreased after intervention (233 ± 66 vs. 167 ± 88 ng/mL; P ≤ 0.001), while visfatin levels did not changed. Conclusion: Eight weeks of diet and physical activity intervention program in obese otherwise healthy subjects leaded to improvement of insulin sensitivity, as well as physical fitness and lowering of plasma irirsin levels. Irisin strongly reflects body fat mass, suggesting that the irisin circulating levels are conditioned by adiposity level. Disclosure A. Penesova: None. Z. Radikova: None. B. Bajer: None. M. Vlcek: None.