Visceral Fat Ratio Research Articles

The effect of sea grapes (Caulerpa racemosa) powder drink on improvement of obesity biomarker in Wistar rats

Obesity has become a global public health issue due to its rapidly increasing prevalence. Sea grapes powder drink (SPD) as a functional food has the potential to become an important biomarker in the improvement of obesity. The biomarkers in obesity can be assessed by Lee’s index and lipid profile. Due to its high antioxidant content, SPD can improve both Lee’s index and lipid profile. The objective of this study was to analyse the effect of SPD on the obesity biomarkers of Wistar rats. In this research, a completely randomized design that involved 24 male rats weighing between 150–250 g was used. Rats were randomly put into six groups. Biomarkers were measured using Lee’s index, lipid profile and the weight ratio of both visceral fat and liver. Results after 21 days of intervention showed a reduction in Lee’s index in the group that was given HFD + SPD 1 g, 1.5 g and 2 g. The visceral fat weight ratio in HFD + SPD 1.5 g and 2 g group significantly decreased. However, it had no effect on the liver weight ratio. Levels of Total Cholesterol (TC), Triglyceride (TG), and Cholesterol-Low Density Lipoprotein (CLDL) in the HFD + SPD 1 g, 1.5 g and 2 g group significantly decreased. The Cholesterol -High Density Lipoprotein (C-HDL) dramatically increased HFD + SPD 2 g group. SPD is effective in improving Lee's index, visceral fat weight ratio and lipid profile but not liver weight ratio. SPD can be used as an alternative therapeutic product in the management of obesity and consequent reduction of its prevalence.

Resting Heart Rate Variability is Independently Associated with Visceral Fat Rating Scores in Saudi Adult Males.

Visceral adipose tissue (VAT) may be a specific modifiable contributor to body composition-related autonomic impairment. To compare heart rate variability (HRV) between groups stratified by visceral fat rating (VFR) and compare associations between HRV and body composition metrics. A cross-sectional study was conducted on healthy men (n=99,age=37.8±13.4 years, body mass index [BMI]=26.9±4.6 kg/m2). HRV was derived from 5-minute electrocardiographic recordings. Body composition (body fat percentage, VFR, and muscle mass to visceral fat ratio [MMVFR]) was estimated using tetrapolar bioelectrical impedance analysis. Participants were categorized into groups according to VFR: G1 (VFR=1-8); G2(VFR=9-12); and G3(VFR>12). Age-adjusted comparisons were made between groups. Independent associations were quantified with multiple linear regressions. P <0.05 was significant. Root-mean square of successive differences (RMSSD) and standard deviation of normal RR intervals (SDNN) were higher for G1 vs. G2 and G3 (p<0.05). Low-frequency power (LF) was higher in G1 than in G2 (p<0.05). VFR and MMVFR were negatively associated with SDNN, RMSSD, LF, and HF (p<0.05). After adjusting for age, BMI, and systolic and diastolic blood pressure, VFR was significantly predictive of RMSSD, SDNN, and HF (p=0.002,-0.027), and MMVFR was significantly predictive of RMSSD and SDNN (p=0.020,-0.023). Men in the lowest VFR category had the highest HRV. VFR was more strongly associated with HRV than body fat percentage and MMVR. Time domain parameters were more sensitive to VAT than frequency domain parameters. HRV parameters could be the primary parameters of interest in tracking cardiac-autonomic status in response to interventions targeting VAT reduction.

Sitagliptin Alleviates Obesity in Immature Mice by Inhibiting Oxidative Stress and Inflammation.

To investigate the impact of Sitagliptin against obesity and the underlying mechanism. Obese immature mice were treated with 10, 30, and 90mg/kg Sitagliptin, respectively. The body weights were recorded and the level of serum biochemical indexes were detected. The visceral fat ratio of each mouse was determined. The pathological change in adipose tissues was determined by HE staining, while F4/80 and CD206 levels in adipose tissues were determined by the immunohistochemical analysis. Lipid formation was evaluated by Oil red O staining assay. RAW264.7 cells were stimulated using oxLDL, followed by being incubated with different concentrations of Sitagliptin. The release of ADPN, IL-6, IL-1β, TNF-α, and the activity of SOD, was measured by ELISA assay. Western blotting was applied to determine adipsin, Nrf2, Keap1, and HO-1 protein levels. ROS level was checked using the DCFH-DA assay. RT-PCR assay was utilized to detect the mRNA levels of IL-6, IL-1β, TNF-α, Nrf2, Keap1, and HO-1. The body weight gain, infiltration of multinucleated cells, enlarged size of adipocytes, increased lipid accumulation, elevated visceral fat ratio, declined ADPN level, upregulated adipsin, and disordered serum biochemical indexes in obese immature mice were statistically significantly reversed by Sitagliptin. Excessive release of inflammatory factors and upregulated F4/80 and CD206 were observed in obese immature mice, which were statistically significantly repressed by Sitagliptin. Furthermore, the elevated MDA level, increased SOD activity, and inhibited Nrf2 pathway in obese immature mice were significantly reversed by Sitagliptin. In oxLDL stimulated RAW264.7 cells, increased release of inflammatory factors, ROS, and MDA, elevated SOD activity, and inactivated Nrf2 pathway were observed, which were statistically significantly abolished by the treatment of Sitagliptin. Sitagliptin alleviated obesity in immature mice by inhibiting inflammation and oxidative stress.

Quantification of Visceral Fat at the L5 Vertebral Body Level in Patients with Crohn's Disease Using T2-Weighted MRI.

The umbilical or L3 vertebral body level is often used for body fat quantification using computed tomography. To explore the feasibility of using clinically acquired pelvic magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for visceral fat measurement, we examined the correlation of visceral fat parameters at the umbilical and L5 vertebral body levels. We retrospectively analyzed T2-weighted half-Fourier acquisition single-shot turbo spin echo (HASTE) MR axial images from Crohn's disease patients who underwent MRI enterography of the abdomen and pelvis over a three-year period. We determined the area/volume of subcutaneous and visceral fat from the umbilical and L5 levels and calculated the visceral fat ratio (VFR = visceral fat/subcutaneous fat) and visceral fat index (VFI = visceral fat/total fat). Statistical analyses involved correlation analysis between both levels, inter-rater analysis between two investigators, and inter-platform analysis between two image-analysis platforms. Correlational analysis of 32 patients yielded significant associations for VFI (r = 0.85; p < 0.0001) and VFR (r = 0.74; p < 0.0001). Intraclass coefficients for VFI and VFR were 0.846 and 0.875 (good agreement) between investigators and 0.831 and 0.728 (good and moderate agreement) between platforms. Our study suggests that the L5 level on clinically acquired pelvic MRIs may serve as a reference point for visceral fat quantification.

Increased adiposity-to-muscle ratio and severity of sinusitis affect quality of life in asthma: Computed tomographic analysis

BackgroundDeteriorated sinusitis and increased adiposity relative to muscle mass may affect the quality of life(QoL) in patients with asthma. However, whether these effects are observed regardless of intra-pulmonary pathology is unknown. ObjectivesTo evaluate the correlation of the cross-sectional ratio of abdominal visceral fat (VF) to erector spinae muscle (ESM) and sinus findings based on Lund-Mackey scoring system (LMS) on computed tomography (CT) with the impaired score of the Asthma Quality of Life Questionnaire (AQLQ), regardless of airway and parenchymal disease, in patients with asthma. MethodsParticipants from the Hokkaido-based severe asthma cohort who had completed AQLQ and CT examination at the entry. The participants were divided into high (highest) and low (other quartiles) groups based on the extra-pulmonary indices. The multivariate analysis examined the association of VF/ESM for the adiposity-to-muscle ratio, LMS with AQLQ, after adjusting for the airway fractal dimension for airway index, %low attenuation volume for parenchymal index. ResultsNo significant differences were observed in VF/ESM and LMS in terms of sex. The AQLQ score in the high VF/ESM group and high LMS group was lower than those in low VF/ESM group and low LMS group (N:Male/Female, 63/100). High VF/ESM (estimate [95% confidence interval], (-0.43[-0.61,-0.25]) and high LMS scores (-0.22(-0.41, -0.03)) were associated with low AQLQ scores, adjusted for age, body mass index, smoking status, blood eosinophil counts, and intra pulmonary CT indices. ConclusionsIncreased VF relative to ESM mass and high LMS may deteriorate asthma related QoL, regardless of intra-pulmonary disease.

Mid-term health sequelae in Brazilian people recovered from COVID-19 according to gravity

The aims were to identify the symptoms and comorbidities predictive for severe illness and analyse the mild-term health sequelae in Brazilian recovered from COVID-19. Eighty-four participants were divided into mild (n = 16), moderate (n = 51), severe (n = 9) or critical (n = 8) gravity. A standardized assessment included: anamnesis to identify the symptoms and comorbidities; and cardiorespiratory system, body composition, haematological and immunological indicators, and physical fitness to analyze the mild-term health sequelae. Participants with higher gravity presented fever, fatigue and dyspnoea. Diabetes (p = 0.003), hypertension (p &lt; 0.001) and metabolic syndrome (p = 0.010) were the comorbidities significantly associated for severe or critical illness. People with critical gravity reported a significant higher waist/hip ratio and level of visceral fat compared with mild and moderate severity. Severe and critical participants reported worst results in agility and balance test compared with mild (p = 0.015; p = &lt; 0.001, respectively) and moderate (p = 0.014; p = &lt; 0.001, respectively) gravity. Fever, fatigue and dyspnoea; and diabetes, hypertension and metabolic syndrome were the symptoms and comorbidities associated with higher gravity. Mild-term, altered values of body composition, physical functioning, enhanced glucose, reticulocytes, and lymphocytes levels were reported.

LASSO-derived model for the prediction of lean-non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in examinees attending a routine health check-up

Background Lean individuals with non-alcohol fatty liver disease (NAFLD) often have normal body size but abnormal visceral fat. Therefore, an alternative to body mass index should be considered for prediction of lean-NAFLD. This study aimed to use representative visceral fat links with other laboratory parameters using the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) method to construct a predictive model for lean-NAFLD. Methods This retrospective cross-sectional analysis enrolled 2325 subjects with BMI < 24 kg/m2 from medical records of 51,271 examinees who underwent a routine health check-up. They were randomly divided into training and validation cohorts at a ratio of 1:1. The LASSO-derived prediction model used LASSO regression to select 23 clinical and laboratory factors. The discrimination and calibration abilities were evaluated using the Hosmer–Lemeshow test and calibration curves. The performance of the LASSO model was compared with the fatty liver index (FLI) model. Results The LASSO-derived model included four variables—visceral fat, triglyceride levels, HDL-C-C levels, and waist hip ratio—and demonstrated superior performance in predicting lean-NAFLD with high discriminatory ability (AUC, 0.8416; 95% CI: 0.811–0.872) that was comparable with the FLI model. Using a cut-off of 0.1484, moderate sensitivity (75.69%) and specificity (79.86%), as well as high negative predictive value (95.9%), were achieved in the LASSO model. In addition, with normal WC subgroup analysis, the LASSO model exhibits a trend of higher accuracy compared to FLI (cut-off 15.45). Conclusions We developed a LASSO-derived predictive model with the potential for use as an alternative tool for predicting lean-NAFLD in clinical settings.

Relationships of Daily Walking Exercise (K-Steps) And Visceral Fat Ratio, WaistTo-Hip Ratio, Body Mass Index Using Viscoplastic Energy Model of Gh-Method: Math- Physical Medicine

Relationships of Daily Walking Exercise (K-Steps) And Visceral Fat Ratio, WaistTo-Hip Ratio, Body Mass Index Using Viscoplastic Energy Model of Gh-Method: Math- Physical Medicine

Relationships of Visceral Fat Ratio and Four Metabolic Disorders Using Viscoplastic Energy Model of Gh- Method: Math-Physical Medicine

Relationships of Visceral Fat Ratio and Four Metabolic Disorders Using Viscoplastic Energy Model of Gh- Method: Math-Physical Medicine

Relationships of Visceral Fat Ratio and T2D with Four Lifestyle Details Using Viscoplastic Energy Model of GH-Method: Math-Physical Medicine (no. 995, vmt #393, 12/15/2023)

Relationships of Visceral Fat Ratio and T2D with Four Lifestyle Details Using Viscoplastic Energy Model of GH-Method: Math-Physical Medicine (no. 995, vmt #393, 12/15/2023)

Body composition and metabolic syndrome in patients with type 1 diabetes.

In recent years, the prevalence of obesity and metabolic syndrome in type 1 diabetes (T1DM) patients has gradually increased. Insulin resistance in T1DM deserves attention. It is necessary to clarify the relationship between body composition, metabolic syndrome and insulin resistance in T1DM to guide clinical treatment and intervention. To assess body composition (BC) in T1DM patients and evaluate the relationship between BC, metabolic syndrome (MS), and insulin resistance in these indi-viduals. A total of 101 subjects with T1DM, aged 10 years or older, and with a disease duration of over 1 year were included. Bioelectrical impedance analysis using the Tsinghua-Tongfang BC Analyzer BCA-1B was employed to measure various BC parameters. Clinical and laboratory data were collected, and insulin resistance was calculated using the estimated glucose disposal rate (eGDR). MS was diagnosed in 16/101 patients (15.84%), overweight in 16/101 patients (15.84%), obesity in 4/101 (3.96%), hypertension in 34/101 (33.66%%) and dyslipidemia in 16/101 patients (15.84%). Visceral fat index (VFI) and trunk fat mass were significantly and negatively correlated with eGDR (both P < 0.001). Female patients exhibited higher body fat percentage and visceral fat ratio compared to male patients. Binary logistic regression analysis revealed that significant factors for MS included eGDR [P = 0.017, odds ratio (OR) = 0.109], VFI (P = 0.030, OR = 3.529), and a family history of diabetes (P = 0.004, OR = 0.228). Significant factors for hypertension included eGDR (P < 0.001, OR = 0.488) and skeletal muscle mass (P = 0.003, OR = 1.111). Significant factors for dyslipidemia included trunk fat mass (P = 0.033, OR = 1.202) and eGDR (P = 0.037, OR = 0.708). Visceral fat was found to be a superior predictor of MS compared to conventional measures such as body mass index and waist-to-hip ratio in Chinese individuals with T1DM. BC analysis, specifically identifying visceral fat (trunk fat), may play an important role in identifying the increased risk of MS in non-obese patients with T1DM.

Female-specific pancreatic cancer survival from CT imaging of visceral fat implicates glutathione metabolism in solid tumors

To identify if body composition, assessed with preoperative CT-based visceral fat ratio quantification as well as tumor metabolic gene expression, predicts sex-dependent overall survival (OS) in patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). This was a retrospective analysis of preoperative CT in 98 male and 107 female patients with PDAC. Relative visceral fat (rVFA; visceral fat normalized to total fat) was measured automatically using software and corrected manually. Median and optimized rVFA thresholds were determined according to published methods. Kaplan Meier and log-rank tests were used to estimate OS. Multivariate models were developed to identify interactions between sex, rVFA, and OS. Unsupervised gene expression analysis of PDAC tumors from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) was performed to identify metabolic pathways with similar survival patterns to rVFA. Optimized preoperative rVFA threshold of 38.9% predicted significantly different OS in females with a median OS of 15 months (above threshold) vs 24 months (below threshold; p=0.004). No significant threshold was identified in males. This female-specific significance was independent of age, stage, and presence of chronic pancreatitis (p=0.02). Tumor gene expression analysis identified female-specific stratification from a five-gene signature of glutathione S-transferases. This was observed for PDAC as well as clear cell renal carcinoma and glioblastoma. CT-based assessments of visceral fat can predict pancreatic cancer OS in females. Glutathione S-transferase expression in tumors predicts female-specific OS in a similar fashion.

Anticipated correlation between lean body mass to visceral fat mass ratio and insulin resistance: NHANES 2011-2018.

The relationship between body composition and insulin resistance (IR) is controversial. This study aimed to thoroughly examine the correlation between adipose tissue, lean body mass, and IR as evaluated by the Homeostatic Model Assessment (HOMA-IR). In this cross-sectional study, we utilized data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) conducted between 2011 and 2018. Our study included 4981 subjects, and we employed multiple linear regression, smoothed curve fitting, threshold, and saturation effect analysis to investigate the relationship between lean body mass, visceral fat mass, and IR. Also, we used the lean body mass to visceral fat ratio (Log LM/VFM) as a proxy variable to analyze its association with IR alone. The study discovered a negative link between lean body mass and IR, but the visceral fat mass was positively correlated after correcting for covariates. A negative correlation was observed when the alternative variable Log LM/VFM was analyzed separately for its association with IR. This association was present regardless of whether the exposure variables were analyzed as continuous or categorical. The data analysis revealed a nonlinear relationship between Log LM/VFM and IR, as evidenced by the generalized additive model. In addition, a threshold effect with a critical value of 1.80 and a saturation effect with a critical point of 2.5 were also observed. Further subgroup analysis for sex, age, BMI, active levels, hypertension, and diabetes showed considerable robustness between the relationship of Log LM/VFM and IR. Maintaining a proper ratio of lean body mass and visceral fat is beneficial for decreasing IR.

Serum visfatin levels are positively correlated with dietary carbohydrate and polyunsaturated fatty acid intakes in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients

AimsTo investigate the relationship between dietary intake and biochemical parameters and anthropometric measurements and serum visfatin concentrations. Study designA case-control study. MethodsThe study was carried out in 30 type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and 30 sex, age and body mass index (BMI) matches healthy control subjects. Biochemical parameters (glycemic and lipid profile, insulin resistance), anthropometric measurements (weight and bioimpedance) and dietary intake evaluation were obtained. Visfatin was assayed with ELISA method. ResultsThe mean BMI of the case group was 31.36 ± 4.37 kg/m2 and 29.80 ± 3.53 kg/m2 in the control group (p = 0.134). The results revealed a significant increase in the weight, waist circumference, waist/hip ratio, visceral fat ratio, fasting glucose level, HbA1c and fasting insulin as well as in insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) among T2DM patients when compared with controls (p < 0.05). Serum visfatin levels were higher in the subjects with T2DM than healthy control subjects (p < 0.05). There was no significant correlation between visfatin levels and biochemical parameters and anthropometric measurements in patients with T2DM. Serum visfatin level was positively correlated with carbohydrate (CHO) and polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) in T2DM patients (r = 0.406, p = 0.026; r = 0.404, p = 0.027, respectively). ConclusionT2DM patients compares with healthy control group increased serum visfatin levels. PUFA and CHO intake was found to be positively associated with visfatin levels.

1213-P: Artificial Intelligence–Based Body Composition Analysis Using Computed Tomography Images Predicts Both Prevalence and Incidence of Diabetes—A Cross-Sectional and Longitudinal Analysis of 10-Year Retrospective Cohort in Korea

Background: We aimed to assess how the ageing-related changes in body composition contribute to the prevalence and incidence of diabetes using artificial intelligence (AI)-based analysis of abdominal computed tomography (CT) images. Methods: In this retrospective cohort study, we identified 15330 subjects age ≥18 years with abdominal CT scans at baseline, who underwent medical checkup at Seoul National University Hospital Healthcare System Gangnam Center from January 1, 2011 to September 30, 2012. Of these, 11693 subjects with available follow-up data were included in the longitudinal analysis. The volume of each body segment involved in abdominal CT images was measured by using an AI-based image analysis software. Findings: The ratio of visceral fat to subcutaneous fat (VF/SF ratio) increased with ageing. The optimal cutoffs of VF/SF ratio to predict the prevalence of diabetes were 1.2 and 0.5 in men and women, respectively. A VF/SF ratio over the cutoff was associated with a higher prevalence of diabetes (age and BMI adjusted OR 2.1, [95% CI 1.8-2.4] in men; 3.1, [2.4-3.9] in women). The same cutoffs of VF/SF ratio were used to predict incident diabetes in ten years of follow-up. Subjects with normal glucose tolerance at baseline who had higher VF/SF ratio had increased risk of progression to prediabetes or diabetes (age and BMI adjusted HR 1.2, [95% CI 1.1-1.4] in men; 1.4, [1.2-1.6] in women). Subjects with prediabetes at baseline who had higher VF/SF ratio also more frequently progressed to diabetes (age and BMI adjusted HR 1.4, [95% CI 1.2-1.6] in men; 1.8, [1.5-2.3] in women). Interpretation: VF/SF ratio in the abdomen change with ageing and are associated with the prevalence and future incidence of diabetes. AI-based analysis of abdominal CT images may help easily obtain body composition data to clinically assess the risk of incident diabetes. Disclosure Y.Kim: None. H.Son: None. J.Yoon: None. H.Choe: None. T.Oh: None. Y.Cho: Consultant; LG Chem. Funding Ministry of Health &amp; Welfare, Republic of Korea

#3829 ARTERIAL STIFFNESS AND METABOLIC SYNDROME INDICES IN RENAL TRANSPLANTATION PATIENTS

Abstract Background and Aims Although renal transplantation improves survival, cardiovascular morbidity and mortality still remain as a significant problem compared with nonrenal populations. In end stage renal disease metabolic cardiovascular risk factors such as hypertension, hyperuricemia, obesity and diabetes mellitus have been confirmed to be positively correlated with arterial stiffness. Arterial stiffness is an important characteristic of the arterial wall and can be assessed noninvasively by the measurement of carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (PWv). The aim of this study is to evaluate the risk factors for arterial stiffness in kidney transplant recipients. Method One hundred and forty nine kidney transplant recipients from our renal transplant outpatient clinic were enrolled into the study. All patients were evaluated for their standard clinical (age, gender, duration of hemodialysis, post-transplant time), biochemical parameters. Anthropometric and body composition analyses were performed for all patients. Body compositions were analyzed by using the Body Composition Analyzer (Tanita BC- 420MA). PWv was determined from pressure tracing over carotid and femoral arteries using the SphygmoCor system. Results Patients were divided into two groups according to PWv levels. The frequency of patients with PWv ≥ 7 m/s was higher in patients with new onset diabetes (55.9%), hyperuricemia (uric acid level type="Periodical" type="Periodical" type="Periodical" type="Periodical" type="Periodical" type="Periodical" type="Periodical" type="Periodical"&amp;gt; 7 mg/dl) (p:0.029, 0.05). Higher carotid-femoral PWv was significantly related with systolic (p:0.003) and diastolic blood pressure (p:0.002), uric acid (p:0.0001) and fasting glucose (p: 0.02) levels. According to body composition analyses, muscle mass, visceral fat ratio and body weight were significantly higher in patients with PWv ≥ 7 m/s (p &amp;lt; 0.005). In patients with high PWv, sagittal abdominal diameters and waist circumferences were significantly higher than patients with PWv &amp;lt; 7 m/s. When criteria for metabolic syndrome were assessed there were a significant increase in pulse wave velocity in patients with 0-1; 2-3; and 4-5criteria (p &amp;lt; 0.01). Conclusion In post transplantation period, metabolic syndrome indices as high blood pressure, hyperuricemia, hyperglycemia and increased waist and hip circumferences are closely related with arterial stiffness. For cardiovascular risk reduction after renal transplantation; blood pressure, serum glucose and uric acid levels should be under strict control.

Effect of Cold Exposure and Exercise on Insulin Sensitivity and Serum Free Fatty Acids in Obese Rats.

This study aimed to explore the effect of exercise and cold exposure on insulin sensitivity and the level of serum free fatty acids (FFA) in diet-induced obese rats. Sixty-four diet-induced obese rats were randomly assigned to eight groups: room temperature-sedentary, room temperature-exercise, acute cold exposure-sedentary, acute cold exposure-exercise, intermittent cold exposure-sedentary, intermittent cold exposure-exercise, sustained cold exposure-sedentary, and sustained cold exposure-exercise. After the interventions, the homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) values, the level of serum FFA, subcutaneous fat ratio (SFR) and visceral fat ratio, enzyme activities of adipose triglyceride lipase, and lipoprotein lipase (LPL) in inguinal adipose tissue, and protein expression of PGC1-α and p38 MAPK in skeletal muscle were investigated. We found that exercise ( P = 0.0136) and cold exposure ( P < 0.0001) reduced HOMA-IR values independently. Exercise reduced serum FFA ( P = 0.0041), whereas cold exposure did not affect them. Moreover, the HOMA-IR values were positively correlated with the serum FFA levels ( r = 0.32, P = 0.01). SFR or visceral fat ratio was coordinately reduced by the interaction (for SFR, P = 0.0015) or opposing main effects between or of cold exposure and exercise, supporting the reduction of serum FFA. However, cold exposure or exercise increased the activity of adipose triglyceride lipase and LPL independently or interactively (for LPL, P = 0.0143), suggesting an increase in serum FFA. Finally, cold exposure and exercise enhanced protein expression of PGC1-α and p38 MAPK independently or interactively (for p38 MAPK, P = 0.0226), suggesting increased uptake and oxidation of serum FFA in muscle. These results suggest that the combination of exercise and cold exposure may result in more serum FFA utilization than production and thus lead to reduced serum FFA and increased insulin sensitivity.

The relationship between physical activity and diabetes in middle-aged and elderly people.

To investigate the association between diabetes symptoms and physical activity (PA) levels among middle-aged and older Chinese adults. Data for this study were obtained from 2018 Charles data. Z test, logistic regression analysis, and linear hierarchical regression analysis were performed in 5352 individuals aged ≥50 years with complete information. In terms of diabetes, 6.8% of the middle-aged and elderly people with diabetes were detected, and 93.2% of the middle-aged and elderly people without diabetes symptoms. The proportion of middle-aged and elderly people with high PA levels was 50.5%, and the proportion of middle-aged and elderly people with low PA was 49.5%. There was a significant positive correlation between low PA and diabetes (P < .05). After adjusting demographic characteristics (gender, registered permanent residence type, education level, age, widowhood) and health status characteristics (poor mood, asthma, hyperlipidemia, disability, memory disease, self-assessment of health status, hypertension, smoking, stroke, depression), there was still a statistical significance between PA level and diabetes (P < .05). The risk of diabetes of middle-aged and elderly people in China increases with age, while the risk of diabetes of middle-aged and elderly people with low level of PA is higher. The risk of diabetes is high among middle-aged and elderly people who are old, have poor self-evaluation health, suffer from hyperlipidemia, memory disease, and asthma. The middle-aged and old people should increase their PA levels to prevent and improve diabetes.

The relationship between fat distribution in central region and comorbidities in obese people: Based on NHANES 2011-2018.

Central obesity is closely related to comorbidity, while the relationship between fat accumulation pattern and abnormal distribution in different parts of the central region of obese people and comorbidity is not clear. This study aimed to explore the relationship between fat distribution in central region and comorbidity among obese participants. We used observational data of NHANES 2011-2018 to identify 12 obesity-related comorbidities in 7 categories based on questionnaire responses from participants. Fat distribution is expressed by fat ratio, including Android, Gynoid, visceral, subcutaneous, visceral/subcutaneous (V/S), and total abdominal fat ratio. Logistic regression analysis were utilized to elucidate the association between fat distribution and comorbidity. The comorbidity rate was about 54.1% among 4899 obese participants (weighted 60,180,984, 41.35 ± 11.16 years, 57.5% female). There were differences in fat distribution across the sexes and ages. Among men, Android fat ratio (OR, 4.21, 95% CI, 1.54-11.50, Ptrend=0.007), visceral fat ratio (OR, 2.16, 95% CI, 1.42-3.29, Ptrend<0.001) and V/S (OR, 2.07, 95% CI, 1.43-2.99, Ptrend<0.001) were independent risk factors for comorbidity. Among these, there was a "J" shape correlation between Android fat ratio and comorbidity risk, while visceral fat ratio and V/S exhibited linear relationships with comorbidity risk. The Gynoid fat ratio (OR, 0.87, 95%CI, 0.80-0.95, Ptrend=0.001) and subcutaneous fat ratio (OR, 0.81, 95%CI, 0.67-0.98, Ptrend=0.016) both performed a protective role in the risk of comorbidity. In women, Android fat ratio (OR, 4.65, 95% CI, 2.11-10.24, Ptrend=0.020), visceral fat ratio (OR, 1.83, 95% CI, 1.31-2.56, Ptrend=0.001), and V/S (OR, 1.80, 95% CI, 1.32-2.45, Ptrend=0.020) were also independent risk factors for comorbidity, with a dose-response relationship similar to that of men. Only the Gynoid fat ratio (OR, 0.93, 95% CI, 0.87-0.99, Ptrend=0.016) had a protective effect on female comorbidity. This association was also seen in obese participants of different age groups, comorbidity numbers, and comorbidity types, although it was more statistically significant in older, complex comorbidity, cardiovascular, cerebrovascular, and metabolic diseases. In the obese population, there were strong correlation between fat distribution in central region and comorbidity, which was affected by sex, age, number of comorbidities, and type of comorbidity.

P481 Visceral fat to skeletal muscle area ratio predicts for Ustekinumab loss of response.

Abstract Background Loss of response (LOR) to anti-TNFα therapy in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is common and biologic therapies such as anti-IL12/23 agents have shown greater durability in efficacy. Anti-TNFα LOR is increased in higher body mass index (BMI) patients however the evidence for the association between body composition or BMI and Ustekinumab’s (Ust) therapeutic response is limited, with the latter not impacting clinical efficacy in the ‘IM-MUNITI’ post-hoc analyses. This study’s primary aim was to evaluate the impact of body composition on time to LOR to Ustekinumab in Crohn’s disease (CD) patients. Methods 99 adult CD patients aged ≥16 yrs. from two tertiary IBD centres were studied retrospectively. Included patients had received Ust ≥12 weeks, abdominal imaging (CT or MRI) within 6 months of Ust induction, and documented follow up until 30th April 2022. A single experienced abdominal radiologist blinded to the clinical information measured the area of visceral fat (VFA), skeletal muscle (SMA), and subcutaneous fat at the mid L3 vertebral level. Each compartment was corrected for height2 to derive visceral fat (VFI), skeletal muscle (SMI) and subcutaneous fat (SFI) indices. VFA:SMA ratio was also calculated. Clinico-demographic details including therapeutic and surgical history were recorded. Kaplan Meir survival analyses, univariate and multivariate cox regression analyses were performed to evaluate factors predictive of Ust LOR. Results 99 patients met the inclusion criteria with mean age (±SE) 46.6yrs (±1.6) and 49 (49.5%) male. 63 (63.6%) patients were bio-experienced. Univariate Cox regression analyses of age, sex, BMI, peak C-reactive protein (CRP) and nadir Albumin level within 3 months of the CT/MRI scan, disease duration, prior biologic failure and concurrent immunomodulator used within 6 months of Ust induction showed that none of these were predictive of Ust LOR (P&amp;gt;0.05). There was a numerical trend for the middle VFI tertile (40.01-79.99cm2/m2) to having a lower risk for LOR compared to the lowest and highest VFI tertile (Fig. 1a), (HR=0.37, 95%CI= 0.13, 1.11, P=0.08), as well as a higher SMI for having a lower risk of LOR (Fig. 1b), (HR= 0.6, 95%CI= 0.24,1.31, P= 0.18), but these were not statistically significant. A higher VFA: SMA ratio however, was a significant predictor of LOR (HR=2.98, 95%CI 1.2,7.3, P= 0.02) (Fig. 1c), which persisted when it was adjusted on multivariate analysis for age, sex, albumin, CRP, BMI, disease duration, prior biologic failure and concurrent immunomodulator use (HR= 10.6, 95%CI 2.8-39.8, P=&amp;lt;0.0001). Conclusion The ratio of VFA:SMA, but not BMI, is a superior predictor of losing response to Ustekinumab.