VIS-NIR Range Research Articles

Rapid synthesis of transparent Lu2O3:RE3+ (RE = Eu, Tb and Tm) thin-film scintillators with tunable RGB luminescence for the detection of X-ray

Developing efficient strategies to fabricate planar photoluminescence scintillators is of great importance to explore X-ray detectors with new platform. Rare-earth (RE) doped Lu2O3 thin films are successfully fabricated by mild aqueous phase electrochemical deposition on ITO/glass substrates with low-temperature post-annealing treatment. The as-prepared Lu2O3:RE3+ (RE = Eu, Tb and Tm) thin films exhibit steerable thickness, high transparency in the visible-NIR range, and low transmittance at UV band mainly due to the oxygen-metal (O2--RE3+) charge transfer processes and the 4f-4f transitions of the RE3+. The Lu2O3:RE3+ thin films emit intense red, green and blue (RGB) photoluminescence, which mainly correspond to the 5D0-7F2 transition of Eu3+, 5D4-7F5 transition of Tb3+ and 1G4-3H6 transition of Tm3+ respectively. Moreover, the transparent Lu2O3:RE3+ thin films also exhibit high sensitivity and linearity luminescence to the X-ray stimulation in a dose rate from 30 to 160 mGy s−1. This rapid and energy-saving synthesis show high efficiency to fabricate rare-earth doped thin-film with a tunable optical performance for optoelectrical application in the fields of solar light concentrators, agricultural light conversion thin films, biosensors, photodetectors and especially the X-ray detectors.

High responsivity self-powered flexible broadband photodetector based on hybrid Selenium-PEDOT:PSS junction

Hybrid organic-inorganic composites offer solution processability and ease to construct opto-electronic devices with diverse functionalities, which are desirable for applications like flexible and printed electronics. Trigonal Selenium (t-Se) has been recently investigated for photodetector application, owing to its inherent superior optical properties such as high absorption coefficient and photoconductivity. However, most of the reported Selenium photodetectors use vapor transport based device fabrication techniques which require controlled environments and face scalability issues. In this work, high-performance photodetector based on Selenium-PEDOT:PSS hybrid junction is demonstrated using a facile sonication assisted mechanical mixing and drop-casting technique. XRD and Raman analysis reveals the existence of Selenium in trigonal crystal structure and FE-SEM images show clustered nanoparticles. Selenium is mixed with PEDOT:PSS to form bulk heterojunction, which enhances the electron-hole pair separation efficiency and results in improved device responsivity. Also, due to the favorable band offset between Selenium and PEDOT:PSS which results in built-in field, the photodetector operates in self-biased mode. The device exhibits broad spectral response in UV–Vis–NIR range with responsivities of 0.56 A/W, 66 mA/W and 1.363 A/W at 315 nm, 620 nm and 820 nm, respectively. Response times of 7.7 s, 9.4 s and 6.4 s and external quantum efficiencies (EQE) of 192.58%, 13.25% and 206.55% are obtained for UV, Vis and NIR spectra respectively. Further to validate the robustness, the device is subjected to multiple bending cycles (∼2500) and minimal degradation in performance is observed. Given the simple device architecture and facile device fabrication scheme, this work would enable promising approach for high performance flexible photodetectors. • Selenium, possesses high absorption co-efficient and high photoconductivity with optical bandgap of 1.2–1.5 eV. • However, t-Se has been less explored for photodetector applications. • This work reports a solution-processed hybrid-heterojunction based on Se-PEDOT:PSS for photodetection. • The detector exhibits spectral response from UV–Vis to NIR and significant performance at zero bias condition.

Soil spectroscopy with the Gaussian pyramid scale space

Soil visible-near infrared (vis–NIR) spectra are complex and modeling soil properties can be challenging. They can suffer from additive and multiplicative noise, they are hyper-dimensional and highly collinear, making their analyses and interpretation sometimes difficult. Here, we introduce the Gaussian pyramid scale space as a multi-resolution approach for denoising spectra, reducing dimensionality, and improving the interpretability and accuracy of spectroscopic machine learning. We also used the approach to analyse contextual interactions between different resolutions and the stability of feature importance across different resolutions. Using an Australian data set and the German data in the LUCAS spectral database we found that with a single Gaussian scale that represents a relatively coarse spectral resolution, we could estimate organic carbon, clay and pH as accurately as with multiple Gaussian scales, or using all resolutions. This indicates that, in the vis–NIR range, there are no relevant interactions between resolutions, which simplifies interpretations. We conclude that the Gaussian pyramid scale space can help to model soil properties with spectral machine learning, improving both accuracy and interpretability. Because the Gaussian pyramid approach is computationally efficient, it can also be used for preprocessing and knowledge discovery before more elaborate modeling is applied.

Synthesis of hybrid dual-MOF encapsulated phase-changing material for improved broadband light absorption and photothermal conversion enabling efficient solar energy storage

To improve the overall solar-thermal energy harvesting efficiency of encapsulated phase change materials (EPCM), a novel hierarchic SiO 2 /PCN-224/PB (ES-PCN-PB) composite shell was developed and synthesized through in-situ growth of PCN-224 decorated with PB particles onto SiO 2 encapsulated PCM. The corresponding topologies, chemical characteristics, crystallinity, optical properties, and thermal induction capacity of the ES-PCN-PB capsules were thoroughly evaluated. The articulated strategy attained phase-change enthalpies of about 124.15 J/g, with a differential temperature of 28.88 ± 0.22 °C achieving a magnified photothermal energy conversion efficiency of 96.20% due to the broadband solar spectrum absorbance and effective light to heat conversion through the electron-hole generation and non-radiative relaxation. The combination of PCN-224 and PB decorated shell was realized to be a practical approach to improve structural stability, durability, and light-harvesting ability. The coupling of the two MOFs insinuates broad spectral absorption and photothermal conversion improvement which augments a considerable contribution to straightforward solar energy harvesting in numerous PCM applications such as temperature management of greenhouses, solar water heating systems, solar cookers, and solar-thermal electricity generating systems. • A dual-MOF PCN-224/PB shell for PCM was fabricated for the first time. • Broadband solar spectrum absorption on Uv–Vis–NIR range. • Efficient light to heat conversion through the electron-hole generation and non-radiative relaxation. • This work provides a new insight for the integration of MOF on PCM shell design for an effective solar-thermal conversion. • Presented a new shell design for efficient light to thermal conversion of EPCM.

Growth of AZO/Cu/AZO multilayer structures by confocal RF magnetron sputtering and their microstructural and optoelectronic properties before and after annealing

The impacts of Cu thickness and annealing temperature on microstructure and optoelectronic properties of AZO/Cu/AZO multilayer structures grown by confocal sputtering are investigated. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis reveals that heat treatment affects film orientation and crystallite sizes. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) analysis shows lower surface roughness and larger grain size after annealing. The optical measurements indicate that all multilayer films are transparent in the visible-NIR range and the average transmission depends on Cu thickness and annealing (68.38–84.54 %), while the optical bandgap energy decreases with temperature in the range 3.45–3.42 eV. The photoluminescence spectra of all samples show a dominant ultraviolet emission that is significantly influenced by annealing and Cu thickness. Hall-effect measurements demonstrate that annealing in air deteriorates electrical properties. Figures of merit of as-deposited films are better than those of annealed ones, with a highest value of 1.97 × 10−3 Ω−1 at 13 nm Cu thick.

Glass colourations caused by Mn-Fe redox pair : Application to ancient glass technology

Manganese is a chemical element used as a colourizer in glass industry since antiquity. Combined with iron, manganese often plays the role of a decolourizer leading to uncoloured glasses used to represent hands and faces in medieval stained glass windows. A series of medieval-like glasses has been synthesized in order to relate the colouration of glasses with the conditions of synthesis (temperature, atmosphere, glass composition). Optical absorption spectra in the UV–Vis-NIR range have been measured to follow and characterize the changes in colouration. For a given temperature, the addition of Mn in a Fe-rich glass composition implies a decrease of the concentration in Fe2+and an increase of the concentration in Fe3+ as compared to the Mn-free glass composition. The uncoloured glass composition is obtained for different contents of Mn when melting temperature varies. These results might help deciphering the complexity of colour making in ancient times.

Anchoring branched Ag nano-islands on Au@CuxO mesoporous nanospheres as dual plasmonic absorbers for efficient photothermal conversion

Plasmonic semiconductor nanomaterials have been widely accepted as promising candidates for photothermal conversion, while the efficiency is yet to optimize. Herein, we report a facile synthesis of Au@CuxO mesoporous nanospheres anchored with branched Ag nano-islands on the surface and explore their applications as photothermal conversion agent. Due to the intimate hybridization of two materials, the Au@CuxO-Ag hybrid nanocomposites display a unique dual-plasmonic absorption that covers the visible-NIR range, benefiting the utilization efficiency of light energy. The synthesis is realized by reacting Au@CuxO with Ag+, the galvanic replacement reaction between them enables a preferential depletion of Cu phase, leaving Ag and Cu2O as dominate crystal phases. The resulting hybrid nanocomposites are featured with a core-shell structure but incomplete coverage, as well as the mesoporous interior and dendritic outer shell. In addition to the enhanced photothermal conversion efficiency, the current nano-hybrids show excellent structural stability and no decay in conversion after five successive rounds of measurement. The advantages in both morphological and electronic structure aspects are discussed. The present study validates the promising synergetic use of distinct hot charge carriers originating from metal and semiconductor that are photoexcited in the same hybrid nanoparticle for photothermal conversion, shedding light on rational design of photothermal materials based on metal-semiconductor hybrid nanocomposites.

Optical and radiation shielding features of NiO-CdO-BaO borosilicate glasses

We report on the optical and radiation shielding features of NiO-CdO-BaO borosilicate glasses in the UV–vis-NIR range. The presence of Ni2+ cations in the octahedral site is emphasized by the absorption band at about 434–462 nm originating from 3A2g(F) → 3T1g(P) electronic transitions in the visible range. Also, this absorption band makes the present glass samples good candidates for optical filter applications within the visible range. Moreover, the most remarkable absorption band at about 966–986 nm due to Ni2+ cations in the tetrahedral site; 3T1(F) → 3A2(F) electronic transitions. The noticed increase in this absorption band reflects the increased heat-absorbing ability of the present glasses with further NiO doping. This result makes the present glass samples possible for solar thermal collectors. The reduction of the optical band gap (Eg) values from 3.16 to 2.95 eV can be explained by the creation of nonbridging oxygens produced by the existence of Ni2+ cations in the octahedral site. The electronic polarizability () and optical basicity () values showed a slight increase with a further increase in the NiO: CdO ratio. The values of metallization criterion (M) decreased from 0.397 to 0.384 with more concentrations of NiO which agrees with the obtained data for The third-order nonlinear susceptibility (χ (3)) and nonlinear refractive index (n 2) values introduced an increment behavior with more concentrations of NiO. This behavior can be justified by the decreasing behavior of On the other hand, our glass samples are good attenuators against the low energy radiation, since the linear attenuation coefficient is high (from 0.449 to 0.442 cm−1) at 0.284 MeV.

Woven cattail leaf slips for large-scale, high-efficient and salt-resistant solar water evaporation

Solar-driven water evaporation is considered as a potential and economical strategy for freshwater generation, seawater desalination as well as sewage treatment by powerful photothermal conversion. Herein, polypyrrole (PPy) coated woven cattail leaf (PPy@HCL) slips are proposed for solar evaporator. The cattail leaf slips are fabricated on a large scale via plain weaving craft, which demonstrates outstanding water supply capability because of the special honeycomb structure of the cattail leaves. The PPy@HCL slips exhibit small heat conductivity, excellent salt resistance and high solar absorption in UV–vis–NIR range. Consequently, an evaporation rate of ~2.20 kg m−2 h−1 and a corresponding efficiency of 96.6 % under 1 sun irradiation are achieved for the rolled PPy@HCL slips. Moreover, the PPy@HCL slips can be employed to produce freshwater from brine and wastewater. This study shows that the PPy@HCL slips have promising applications as low-cost biomass materials in large-scale and powerful solar evaporators.

High refractive index change in Type A laser modification using a multi-scan approach

The focusing of femtosecond laser pulses is an efficient and robust way to fabricate integrated optical components in glasses. However, the induced refractive index changes are weak if compared with those obtained in lithography. Several solutions have been found to overcome such problem, the multi-scan technique being one of these. The present work implements the multi-scan approach on the femtosecond inscription of Type A laser modifications in high repetition rate regime. Therefore, a study on the effects of the absorption of subsequent laser pulses on the increase of the induced refractive index is conducted. As a result, the achievement of high and smooth refractive index change, up to 2 × 10−2, in a commercial silver-glass is reported. Moreover, such high and controlled index contrast is exploited for the fabrication of low-propagation-losses and engineered waveguides exhibiting single-mode operation in the VIS-NIR range.

Water repellency prediction in high‐organic Greenlandic soils: Comparing vis–NIRS to pedotransfer functions

AbstractSoil water repellency (SWR) is a common phenomenon across agricultural soils of South Greenland that can negatively affect soil functions. Existing methods to measure SWR as a function of water content (w) are laborious. This study was conducted to compare the potential of visible–near‐infrared spectroscopy (vis–NIRS) as an alternative method to pedotransfer functions (PTFs) for predicting four SWR indices in 143 agricultural soils from South Greenland (clay, 0.016–0.172 kg kg–1; organic carbon (OC), 0.009–0.241 kg kg–1). Pedotransfer functions were established by multiple linear regression based on OC, clay, and pH. Partial least squares regression (PLS‐R) and interval PLS‐R were applied to build vis–NIRS prediction models (vis–NIR range 400–2,500 nm). The area under the SWR–w curve (SWRarea) and the critical soil water content (wnon) were accurately predicted by PTFs (R2 = .90; R2adj = .91) while the SWR after 60 °C pretreatment (SWR60), and the integrative repellency dynamic index (IRDI) were predicted less accurately (R2adj = .36; R2adj = .27). Vis‐NIRS models with variable selection performed at a better or close to the same level of accuracy as PTFs (SWRarea, R2 = .88; wnon, R2 = .90; SWR60, R2 = .63; IRDI, R2 = .54). This study demonstrated vis–NIRS as a valuable alternative to PTFs for rapid assessment of SWR and as a tool for SWR mitigation for farmers in South Greenland. The results may well apply to other regions with similar texture and OC ranges, but further testing is required.

Large area, self-powered, flexible, fast, and broadband photodetector enabled by the SnSe-Sb2Se3 heterostructure

The Self-powered and flexible photodetector is the future of the optoelectronic industry. For the first time, we have employed an isotype heterostructure, SnSe-Sb2Se3, and showed its photodetection performance under the Vis-NIR range. The large area device exhibits a stable and fast response at zero bias. Even after 1500 bending cycles, the device showed a stable photo-response without change in response time (while recovery time doubled). Also, this isotype structure showed enhanced absorption in the complete Vis-NIR spectra that can be utilized in other applications like solar cells.

Terahertz response of Er3+/Yb3+ co-doped La2Zr2O7 synthesized using the sol-gel precipitation method

Oxide ceramics with pyrochlore structure such as La2Zr2O7 are promising materials for advanced multifunctional applications including extreme environment, such as space applications. They combine low thermal conductivity, suitable coefficient of thermal expansion to join supporting materials and have optical response in the UV–VIS region with up-converting and down-converting properties after doping, required for coating, sensors, and electro-optic applications. The effect of doping elements such as Er3+ and Yb3+, replacing isomorphically lanthanum in the La2Zr2O7 with pyrochlore cubic structure, on material photophysical properties was investigated by selective doping, in the molar ratio of Er3+/Yb3+ ranging from 0.5 to 5. The reflectance spectra of materials prepared by sol-gel co-precipitation method after sintering at 1400 °C, investigated in the UV–VIS–NIR range showed as expected well resolved absorptions due to the 4f–4f intra-configurational transitions. At the same time, dielectric properties of sintered samples were investigated by terahertz time domain spectroscopy. The refractive indices observed in the range of ~4.46–5.15, indicate high dielectric permittivity at THz frequencies applicable in energy storage materials or THz communication components. For all samples a broad absorption band was found in the THz region and the band intensities were clearly associated with the doping amount of Er and Yb cations into the La2Zr2O7 structure, at frequencies 0.75–1.02 THz. Significant correlation at the level of R2 = 0.911 was found between the absorption band corresponding to the 4I15/2 → 2H11/2 transition at 520.5 nm and the integrated intensities of THz bands. Dielectric ceramic materials such as titanium-, tantalum- and niobium- oxide based ceramics have permittivity in the range 20–30. The permittivity of studied La2Zr2O7 was ~20 and increased after doping by Er3+/Yb3+ to ~21–26.

Anisotropic optical properties of indium tin oxide thin films prepared by ion beam sputtering under oblique angle deposition

Unraveling the anisotropic optical properties of nanometer-scale structured thin films is of great interest for both fundamental and applicative perspectives, but can be challenging and is therefore generally overlooked, especially for transparent and conducting materials. In this paper, porous slanted columnar thin films of indium tin oxide are prepared under Oblique Angle Deposition (OAD) by Ion Beam Sputtering (IBS) using argon and xenon as process ions. Their anisotropic optical properties are investigated both in the Visible–NIR range (400nm to 1.7μm) and the Infrared range (1.7 to 30μm) by means of Mueller Matrix Spectroscopic Ellipsometry. The optical models and their results are confronted to and confirmed by High Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy (HRTEM) studies. In the Visible–NIR range, the resulting picture is that of a ripple-like structure with greater optical index in the direction perpendicular to the slanting plane. This configuration is quite original for OAD films, for which the optical index is usually greater in the direction parallel to the columns, and appears to be a specific footprint of IBS due to the enhanced diffusion of the species during deposition. In the Infrared range, the strong optical anisotropy observed for the Xe-deposited films is explained by the anisotropic free-carrier scattering inside the nanoscopic sub-columnar structure evidenced by HRTEM, yielding to a biaxial Drude model. This mechanism is highly original for OAD films, and may be of a great help to elucidate the anisotropic optical properties of other OAD metallic systems, for which such a sub-columnar structure appears to be a general trend. More generally, this work proposes an original and thorough method combining advanced optical modeling and transmission electron microscopy studies to unravel the anisotropic optical properties of nanostructured thin films.

Iron Ore Tailing Composition Estimation Using Fused Visible–Near Infrared and Thermal Infrared Spectra by Outer Product Analysis

Iron ore tailings are mainly composed of SiO2 and iron, whose content determines the potential reuse strategy of the tailings. Compared with the traditional wet chemistry approach, spectroscopy has proven its superior effectiveness in characterizing and predicting minerals, such as iron oxides, clay, and SiO2. This study aims to estimate the content of SiO2 and TFe in iron ore tailings based on visible–near infrared (VIS–NIR, 350–2500 nm) and thermal infrared (TIR, 8–14 μm) spectroscopy. The outer product analysis (OPA) method is used to combine VIS–NIR and TIR spectral domains, from which an outer product matrix of fusion data can be generated. The study area is the iron ore tailing dam from Waitoushan, which is one of the super-large iron deposits in the Anshan–Benxi iron cluster of northeastern China. The spectral analysis results demonstrated the following: (1) The reflectance feature at 1163–2499 nm in the VIS–NIR range correlates with TFe and the emissivity feature at 8–9.4 and 10.7–12 μm in the TIR range correlates with SiO2. (2) Compared with the original absorbance spectra, the correlation coefficients of fusion spectra improve from 0.66 to 0.87 for TFe and from 0.64 to 0.84 for SiO2. (3) The partial least squares regression, random forest (RF), and extreme learning machine exploiting particle swarm optimization modeling methods are established for SiO2 and TFe estimation. The prediction accuracy results indicate that the prediction model with OPA-fused spectra performs significantly better than with individual VIS–NIR and TIR spectra. The RF model with input-fused spectra provides the highest accuracy with the coefficients of determination of 0.95 and 0.91, root mean square errors of 0.97% and 0.96%, and ratios of performance to interquartile distance of 6.49 and 2.31 for SiO2 and TFe content estimation, respectively. These outcomes provide a theoretical basis and technical support for tailing composition estimation using spectroscopy.

In ovo sexing of eggs from brown breeds with a gender-specific color using visible-near-infrared spectroscopy: effect of incubation day and measurement configuration

The culling of day-old male chicks is an animal welfare issue within the laying hen industry that raises substantial ethical concern. Alternative methods are sought to pre-select males during embryonic development. This method is called in ovo sexing and allows more humane male culling. A robust and non-invasive in ovo color sexing technique was developed and validated in this research. To this end, visible-near-infrared (vis-NIR) point spectroscopy was used, which has advantages over state-of-the-art hyperspectral imaging in terms of accuracy and cost. Two independent experiments were each conducted on a batch of 600 Isa Brown eggs. These eggs were individually illuminated on d 8 to 14, and d 18 of incubation by a halogen lamp and the signal was measured in the vis-NIR range from 300 to 1,145 nm. Next, optimal preprocessing strategies were applied and partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) models were built and further optimized after performing a forward interval partial least squares (FiPLS) for variable selection. Results demonstrated that d 12 is too early for vis-NIR in ovo sexing, resulting in a prediction accuracy of 86.49%. However, after 13 d of incubation, an accuracy of 97.78% was obtained, increasing to 99.52% on d 14. Furthermore, these accuracies were higher than earlier reported percentages from hyperspectral imaging and successful sexing was expedited from d 14 to d 13. Moreover, prediction improvement up to 99.05% was obtained on d 13 by correcting for the variability in eggshell properties using d 0 eggshell corrections. Applying the method on d 18 resulted in a lower accuracy of 94.62% due to stronger light attenuation by the growing embryos. Finally, a reduced spectral range of 749 to 861 nm was found to be sufficient for correct classification of 98.46% of the eggs. This paves the way for high-throughput and cost-efficient usage of smaller and cheaper spectrophotometers in commercial hatcheries.

PLS-DA and Vis-NIR spectroscopy based discrimination of abdominal tissues of female rabbits

Using Vis-NIR spectroscopy to distinguish gestational sac from other abdominal tissues is the key to diagnosing female rabbits' pregnancy by optical means. This study aims to demonstrate the gestational sac and other abdominal tissues (hair, skin, breast, muscle, cecum, small intestine) of rabbits can be identified using Vis-NIR spectroscopy in vitro. These tissues' raw NIR spectra were recorded in the Vis-NIR range (490-940 nm) with interactive mode. The raw spectra of tissues were analyzed by the principal component analysis (PCA), and were pre-processed using five spectral pre-processing techniques (moving average filter (MF), De-trending (DT), first-order derivative (D1), Multivariate scattering correction (MSC), and standard normal variate (SNV)) to reduce signal noises. The raw and pre-processed spectra were classified using partial least squares discrimination analysis (PLS-DA). Two-way and multi-way PLS-DA model was conducted to understand the classification of each tissue from the gestational sac and to understand the classification of all tissues from the gestational sac, respectively. SNV-PLS-DA model had the best performance, and its multi-way accuracy (Ac), determination coefficients (R2), and Q2 were 0.89, 0.91, 0.77, respectively. The successive projection algorithm (SPA) and competitive adaptive reweighted sampling (CARS) were used to select characteristic wavelengths (CWs). The SNV-SPA-PLS-DA model with eighteen CWs was better than the SNV-CARS-PLS-DA model. The results showed that Vis-NIR spectroscopy technology combined with PLS-DA could discriminate the gestational sac from the abdominal tissues. This study may help develop an optical diagnosis system for pregnant rabbits.

APPLICATION OF PHOTOSENSITIZER-INCORPORATED INDIUM OXIDE NANOPARTICLES IN PHOTODYNAMIC THERAPY

Many disorders, both cancerous and non-cancerous, may be effectively treated using photodynamic therapy. In this scenario, photosensitizer drugs are first excited by light of the appropriate wavelength (in the visible-NIR range), after which they transmit their extra energy to molecular oxygen, resulting in the creation of strongly cytotoxic singlet oxygen. Indium oxide nanoparticles are optically transparent materials and can be used to incorporate fluorophores and photosensitizer drugs. Herein, we report the use of indium oxide nanoparticles incorporated with a photosensitizer. These nanoparticles have been synthesized in a methanolic medium. The characterization of prepared nanoparticles included FTIR, XRD, TEM, and optical studies (UV-visible and fluorescence spectroscopy). Cell viability studies demonstrated that the photosensitizer-incorporated nanoparticles showed cytotoxic effects only upon light irradiation. The results indicate the promise of photosensitizer-incorporated indium oxide nanoparticles as delivery agents in photodynamic therapy

The Spectroscopic and Antimicrobial Yield of Sol-Gel Derived Zinc Copper Silicate/E102 Nanoclusters

The structural and optical properties of 30 ZnO: 50 SiO2: (20-x) CuO (ZSC) loaded with E102 (tartrazine dye) (where x = 0.02, 0.05, 0.07 wt.%) nanoclusters have been explored. These nanoclusters were synthesized by a sol-gel route followed by a very controlled crystallization process at 500 °C. The phase formation, structural modification, and particle distribution behavior of these nanoclusters have been studied using XRD and TEM analysis to monitor the domestic environment for ZCS-E102. The optical transmission and reflection properties of nanoclusters in the UV–Vis-NIR range were studied for the present nanoclusters from which the optical absorption was calculated. Tauc method is employed to estimate the type and value of energy needed to gap transition from absorption data. The direct and indirect gap shows decreased energy need for its transition by E102 concentration increase. The antimicrobial potentials of four synthesized nanoclusters were performed against some pathogenic microbes. The toxicity performance of all studied nanoclusters is measured. Results revealed that ZSC-0.07E102 is showed an effective antimicrobial action against four tested pathogenic microbes in terms of excellent inhibitory effect and biocompatibility show noticeable potential in the antimicrobial application. Therefore, this proficient nanomaterial is a promising choice for biomedical purposes.

Multispectral Imaging for Hemoglobin Estimation by PCA.

Tissular blood perfusion is helpful to assess the health condition of a subject and even monitor superficial lesions. Current state of the art is focused on developing non-invasive, quantitative and accessible methods for blood flow monitoring in large areas. This paper presents an approach based on multispectral images on the VIS-NIR range to quantify blood perfusion. Our goal is to estimate the changes in deoxygenated hemoglobin. To do so, we employ principal component analysis followed by a linear regression model. The proposal was evaluated using in-vivo data from a vascular occlusion protocol, and the results were validated against photoplethysmography measurements. Although the number of subjects in the protocol was limited, our model made a prediction with an average similarity of 91.53% with a mean R-squared adjusted of 0.8104.