Virtual Extension Research Articles

136 Creating a Virtual Extension of the Academic Medical Center Through TelEmergency and Layered, Acute Service Consultations

136 Creating a Virtual Extension of the Academic Medical Center Through TelEmergency and Layered, Acute Service Consultations

Application of Topographical Anatomy of the Trochlear Nerve in Transtentorial Approaches: An Anatomic Study.

Transection of the free edge of tentorium (FET) might be necessary when approaching cavernous sinus lesions, clip placement in certain posterior communicating artery aneurysms, or during transpetrosal and retrosigmoid transtentorial approaches. No anatomic study has investigated the relationship of the trochlear and oculomotor nerve and FET in an attempt to identify a safe zone for such maneuver. Ten embalmed specimens (20 sides) were studied and the following morphometric measurements were taken using digital microcalipers: trochlear (TP) to oculomotor porus (OP), length of the intratentorial segment of cranial nerve (CN) IV, nerve free FET, and distance along the oculomotor (CN III) from its OP to CN III/trochlear (CN IV) crossing and angle between the long-axis petrous ridge and TP (petrotrochlear angle). The CN IV pierced the deep layer of the FET in all cases at a mean distance 8.11 mm (4.43-11.33) posterior to the OP, measured along the FET. CN IV continued within the tentorial edge for a mean of 6.17 mm (3.18-11.33) before entering the cavernous sinus at a mean distance of 1.9 mm (0-5.46 mm) from the posterior-most aspect of the OP. A nerve-free portion of FET was 1.93 mm (mean) (0-5.46). No nerve-free FET segment (<1 mm) was observed in 4 sides (20%), and a nerve-free FET segment <2.00 mm was seen in 55% of cases. The mean distance from OP to the CN III/IV crossing was 10.17 mm (1.00-15.57). The mean petrotrochlear angle was 164.49° (140.01-183.85), and >175° in 4 specimens (20%). Our data confirm presence of the intratentorial segment of CN IV. Transection of the FET carries the lowest risk of CN IV injury if performed < 2 mm or >10 mm posterior to the OP, or posterior to intersection of the FET and a virtual extension of a petrous ridge.

Commutator subgroups and crystallographic quotients of virtual extensions of symmetric groups

The virtual braid group VBn, the virtual twin group VTn and the virtual triplet group VLn are extensions of the symmetric group Sn, which are motivated by the Alexander-Markov correspondence for virtual knot theories. The kernels of natural epimorphisms of these groups onto the symmetric group Sn are the pure virtual braid group VPn, the pure virtual twin group PVTn and the pure virtual triplet group PVLn, respectively. In this paper, we investigate commutator subgroups, pure subgroups and crystallographic quotients of these groups. We derive explicit finite presentations of the pure virtual triplet group PVLn, the commutator subgroup VTn′ of VTn and the commutator subgroup VLn′ of VLn. Our results complete the understanding of these groups, except that of VBn′, for which the existence of a finite presentation is not known for n≥4. We also prove that VLn/PVLn′ is a crystallographic group and give an explicit construction of infinitely many torsion elements in it.

Revealing Coupled Periodicities in Sunspot Time Series Using Bispectrum—An Inverse Problem

Sunspot daily time series have been available for almost two centuries providing vast and complicated information about the behavior of our star and especially the interaction of the motion of the planets and other possible interstellar phenomena and their effects on the surface of the Sun. The main result obtained from the sunspot time series analysis is the imprint of various periodicities, such as the planets’ orbital periods and the planetary synodic periods on the sunspots signature. A detailed spectrum representation is achieved by means of a periodogram and a virtual extension of the time length segments with zeroed samples for longer representations. Furthermore, the dependence or coupling of these periodicities is explored by means of a bispectrum. We establish the exact interdependencies of the periodic phenomena on the sunspot time series. Specific couplings are explored that are proved to be the key issues for the coupled periodicities on the sunspot time series. In this work, contrary to what has been presented in the literature, all periodic phenomena are limited within the time period of an 11-year cycle as well as the periodicities of the orbits of the planets. The main findings are the observed strong coupling of the Mercury, Venus, and Mars periodicities, as well as synodic periodicities with all other periodicities that appear on the sunspot series. Simultaneously, the rotation of the Sun around itself (25.6 to 33.5 days) provides an extensive coupling of all recorded periodicities. Finally, there is strong evidence of the existence of a quadratic mechanism, which couples all the recorded periodicities, but in such a way that only frequency pairs that sum up to specific periods are coupled. The justification for this kind of coupling is left open to the scientific community.

Gauge theories and quantum gravity in a finite interval of time on a compact space manifold

We study gauge theories and quantum gravity diagrammatically in a finite interval of time τ, on a compact space manifold Ω. The initial, final, and boundary conditions are formulated in gauge invariant and general covariant ways by means of purely virtual extensions of the theories, which allow us to “trivialize” the local symmetries and switch to invariant fields (the invariant metric tensor, invariant quark, and gluon fields, etc.). The evolution operator U(tf,ti) is worked out for arbitrary initial and final states, as well as general boundary conditions on ∂Ω. We show that U(tf,ti) is well defined and diagrammatically unitary for every τ=tf−ti&lt;∞. The formulation is extended to include purely virtual particles. In quantum gravity, where the cosmological constant ΛC challenges the definition of an S matrix, the results allow us to prove unitarity at τ&lt;∞. We work out the frequencies and eigenfunctions in some explicit examples, including Yang-Mills theory on the finite cylinder. Published by the American Physical Society 2024

WOMEN REVOLUTIONISING MONEY?: INVESTIGATING MEANING-MAKING AND GENDER MESSAGING IN FEMALE-TO-FEMALE FINFLUENCING ON INSTAGRAM

Women were excluded from financial independence historically, causing a significant gender gap in financial literacy. Financial decision-making was based on households where women were deprived of contribution, as they were not allowed to act as the main account holder and were seen as dependents in the formal financial system. However, informal communities were formed, sharing intimate knowledge in alternative ways of personal finance. In the online Web 2.0 environments, social media platforms, namely Instagram, could serve as new forms of learning environments for financial literacy through informal peer-to-peer learning and therefore become a virtual extension of existing 'saving communities' in real life. The paper highlights the existence of a small but thriving personal finance community on Instagram and provides evidence of the volume of content related to personal finance, debt, and saving money on the platform. The emergence of female financial influencers created a sense of virtual togetherness where women felt safe to seek peer support and share personal stories. This paper proposes four-phase research using netnographic immersion journals (Kozinets, 2022), an online survey, and semi-structured interviews and will present the early findings from data collection beginning in March 2023. It proposes a networked perspective addressing technical, social, and cultural components (Selbst et al., 2019) in relation to the formation, expansion, and evolution of female financial influencing on Instagram. This study responds to the wider conference themes of revolutions by examining social barriers to seeking financial support at the intersection of feminist studies, the digital divide, and financial literacy.

Pervasive Micro Information Flow Tracking

Detection of advanced security attacks that exploit zero-day vulnerabilities or application-specific logic loopholes has been challenging due to the lack of attack signatures or substantial deviations in the overall system behavior. One has to zoom in to the affected code regions and look for local anomalies distinguishable from the benign workload to detect such attacks. We propose <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">pervasive micro information flow tracking</i> (P <sc xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">E</small> RMIT) that realizes variable-level online dynamic information flow tracking (DIFT) as a means to detect the attacks. The system uses hardware virtualization extension to monitor access to taint source variables and performs asynchronous code emulation to infer the local information flow. We demonstrate that the pervasive micro information flow can sufficiently capture the attacks and incurs only a small overhead. Given the program source code, the system can further enrich the semantics of micro information flow by embedding the variable names. We have integrated the system with machine learning algorithms to demonstrate the effectiveness of anomaly detection for zero-day attacks with pervasive micro information flow.

Retrosynthetic Analysis Applied to Clip-off Chemistry: Synthesis of Four Rh(II)-Based Complexes as Proof-of-Concept.

Clip-off Chemistry is a synthetic strategy that our group previously developed to obtain new molecules and materials through selective cleavage of bonds. Herein, we report recent work to expand Clip-off Chemistry by introducing into it a retrosynthetic analysis step that, based on virtual extension of the products through cleavable bonds, enables one to define the required precursor materials. As proof-of-concept, we have validated our new approach by synthesising and characterising four aldehyde-functionalised Rh(II)-based complexes: a homoleptic cluster; a cis-disubstituted paddlewheel cluster; a macrocycle; and a crown.

Retrosynthetic Analysis Applied to Clip‐off Chemistry: Synthesis of Four Rh(II)‐Based Complexes as Proof‐of‐Concept

AbstractClip‐off Chemistry is a synthetic strategy that our group previously developed to obtain new molecules and materials through selective cleavage of bonds. Herein, we report recent work to expand Clip‐off Chemistry by introducing into it a retrosynthetic analysis step that, based on virtual extension of the products through cleavable bonds, enables one to define the required precursor materials. As proof‐of‐concept, we have validated our new approach by synthesising and characterising four aldehyde‐functionalised Rh(II)‐based complexes: a homoleptic cluster; a cis‐disubstituted paddlewheel cluster; a macrocycle; and a crown.

Purely virtual extension of quantum field theory for gauge invariant fields: Yang–Mills theory

We extend quantum field theory by including purely virtual “cloud” sectors, to define physical off-shell correlation functions of gauge invariant quark and gluon fields, without affecting the S matrix amplitudes. The extension is made of certain cloud bosons, plus their anticommuting partners. Both are quantized as purely virtual, to ensure that they do not propagate ghosts. The extended theory is renormalizable and unitary. In particular, the off-shell, diagrammatic version of the optical theorem holds. We calculate the one-loop two-point functions of dressed quarks and gluons, and show that their absorptive parts are gauge independent, cloud independent and positive (while they are generically unphysical if the cloud sectors are not purely virtual). A gauge/cloud duality simplifies the computations and shows that the gauge choice is just a particular cloud. It is possible to dress every field insertion with a different cloud. We compare the purely virtual extension to previous approaches to similar problems.

Educational Case Studies: Creating a Digital Twin of the Production Line in TIA Portal, Unity, and Game4Automation Framework.

In today's industry, the fourth industrial revolution is underway, characterized by the integration of advanced technologies such as artificial intelligence, the Internet of Things, and big data. One of the key pillars of this revolution is the technology of digital twin, which is rapidly gaining importance in various industries. However, the concept of digital twins is often misunderstood or misused as a buzzword, leading to confusion in its definition and applications. This observation inspired the authors of this paper to create their own demonstration applications that allow the control of both the real and virtual systems through automatic two-way communication and mutual influence in context of digital twins. The paper aims to demonstrate the use of digital twin technology aimed at discrete manufacturing events in two case studies. In order to create the digital twins for these case studies, the authors used technologies as Unity, Game4Automation, Siemens TIA portal, and Fishertechnik models. The first case study involves the creation of a digital twin for a production line model, while the second case study involves the virtual extension of a warehouse stacker using a digital twin. These case studies will form the basis for the creation of pilot courses for Industry 4.0 education and can be further modified for the development of Industry 4.0 educational materials and technical practice. In conclusion, selected technologies are affordable, which makes the presented methodologies and educational studies accessible to a wide range of researchers and solution developers tackling the issue of digital twins, with a focus on discrete manufacturing events.

Strategies for Increasing the Productivity of Goat Farming Business in the Era of Industry 4.0 in Banyumas District

The development of goat breeding business needs to be done so that the business can compete in the era of industrial 4.0. The study aims to formulate the strategy to increase productivity in goat breeding business on the 4.0 industry era. The study used survey methods. Determination of the sample was done using stratified random sampling that took the region based on high land, moderate and low land. Then, on each level was taken by criteria of number of goats and the dominant species. Number of sample was determined using Nomogram Harry King and the total respondents was 322 farmers. The analysis used was Causal Loop Diagram modeling and Qualitative Descriptive. The results show that to increase the productivity of goat breeders can be done with optimize Information and Communication Technology (ITC) in production factors, utilization management system application and the inovation of feed technology, optimize smartphone as promotion and trading tools, share the information via social media, supply of information service based on website or application and transformation of extension to virtual extension.

THE METAVERSE: A VIRTUAL WORLD IN THE PALM OF YOUR HAND

This paper explores the actual and future impact of the Metaverse as a virtual space. Thus, it focuses the probe on the technical challenges that face this everlasting emerging technology. Today, the Metaverse presents a digital environment to build collective architecture and historical heritage in a virtual space. In this digital world, the modeling and design methodology is based on individual archetypes that can puzzle new elements. Currently, traditional methods require change and adaptation in both the education and work market, especially due to the remote-work integration in the last few years. For example, many components are required to build a Virtual Reality (VR) laboratory or a VR museum. Virtual environments present us with novel opportunities to bring together the real world with a virtual extension or duplication. This technology will remove physical boundaries and design constraints and consequently will open a gate to a metaphysical world. Imagine a world with limitless space where gravity doesn’t exist, and water can float upward. There is no limit for art and architecture but even this magic has its limitation related to computer technology. Therefore, this paper surveys the state-of-the-art computational technologies and the ecosystems of the Metaverse. The paper covers the fields of Computer Vision, Human-Computer Interaction, Artificial Intelligence, Robotics, Internet of Things (IoT), Cloud Computing, and future mobile networks. In application, the Metaverse will allow users to have a fantastic experience being part of worldwide entertainment and socio-economic network.

Kudos make you run! How runners influence each other on the online social network Strava

Strava is the largest online social network for athletes. We used Strava’s big data to investigate how runners in the same virtual Strava club influenced each other’s running behavior. We hypothesized that receiving kudos on recorded activities would spur exercise rates, and that the running behavior of clubmates to whom ego gave kudos would serve as a motivational example. We focused on five different Strava clubs that functioned as a virtual extension of real-life Dutch running clubs with a total of 329 members. Using data on kudos and recorded activities, we constructed a longitudinal dataset of complete networks and behavior over 11 periods with a one-month time window. We tested our hypotheses using SIENA. We found that receiving kudos induced runners to run more and more often. Moreover, athletes tended to adjust their running behavior to that of their ‘kudos-friends’ (i.e., those to whom they gave kudos). Contrary to our expectation, kudos-friends who ran more and more often than ego were not the most influential. If anything, the reverse was true; athletes were more likely to come to resemble the running behavior of their kudos-friends who ran less and less often.

Singularity-free theory and adaptive finite element computations of arbitrarily-shaped dislocation loop dynamics in 3D heterogeneous material structures

The long-standing problem of arbitrarily-shaped discrete dislocation loops in three-dimensional heterogeneous material structures is addressed by introducing novel singularity-free elastic field solutions as well as developing adaptive finite element computations for dislocation dynamics simulations. The first framework uses the Stroh formalism in combination with the biperiodic Fourier-transform and dual variable and position techniques to determine the finite-valued Peach–Koehler force acting on curved dislocation loops. On the other hand, the second versatile mixed-element method proposes to capture the driving forces through dissipative energy considerations with domain integrals by means of the virtual extension principle of the surfacial discontinuities. Excellent agreement between theoretical and numerical analyses is illustrated from simple circular shear dislocation loops to prismatic dislocations with complicated simply-connected contours in linear homogeneous isotropic solids and anisotropic elastic multimaterials, which also serves as improved benchmarks for dealing with more realistic boundary-value problems with evolving dislocations. Examples of sophisticated dislocation applications include the short-range core reaction between intersecting dislocation loops in interaction with a spherical cavity, as well as the Orowan dislocation-precipitate bypass mechanism in a compressed micropillar of polycrystalline copper. The latter multiscale investigation spans three orders of magnitude in size scale, and is thus enabled by computationally efficient and robust adaptive mesh generation procedures for explicit dislocation propagation, interaction, and coalescence in three-dimensional materials and material structures.

Pure Random Search with Virtual Extension of Feasible Region

Pure Random Search with Virtual Extension of Feasible Region

Human trafficking as a racialized economy and the exploitation of indigenous socio-spatial (im)mobility in North America

The phrase “missing and murdered indigenous women” (MMIW) refers to the hundreds of deaths and disappearances of Native American women that occur each year. A growing human and sex trafficking industry that exploits indigenous women as forced sex workers is causing these numbers to increase year after year. Traffickers actively target tribal communities due to the increased likelihood of not being caught or prosecuted by an unjust legal-jurisdictional system that effectively invites traffickers onto Native American reservations. The disproportionate risks facing Native American women are a direct consequence of the now well documented historical injustices experienced by indigenous communities since contact with European colonists. Although scholarship on MMIW is growing, little attention has focused on the unique socio-spatial dynamics related to Native American (im)mobility patterns and the ways in which these dynamics enhance vulnerability to victimization by traffickers. This study empirically unpacks these dynamics in the context of North America. In the process, the industry that profits on trafficking indigenous women is conceptualized as a “racialized economy” that is constituted through an exploitative relationship between the city (the market for trafficked indigenous sex slaves) and the reservation. Here, the reservation becomes a virtual extension of the city, a relational understanding that foregrounds the urban dimension to this problem. We conclude by discussing how this analysis informs best practices that can be employed to mitigate against these (im)mobility-related risk factors and save lives.

Saint John Neumann Migrants Centre/FaceBook Page. A Case Study of a Cyberchurch

Abstract This paper analyzes how the Saint John Neumann Migrants Center and its FB page function as cyberchurch or as a virtual extension of the Our Lady of Perpetual Help Shrine in Baclaran, Philippines. It examines how the FB page/Center responds to the spiritual, religious, and social needs of its members, as well as, how this transnational religious organizational structure impacts on migrants’ relations with the receiving and sending societies. A case study method was employed through non-participant observation of the FB Page/Center, and interviews with informed respondents, including victim-survivors from the Middle East. As mediator of a transnational religion, the SJNMC FB page simultaneously reflects and goes beyond the extended transnational religion prototype identified by Peggy Levitt and exemplified by the Catholic Church. Since it caters primarily to overseas Filipino workers who are only working abroad for the duration of their contract, it strengthens more migrants’ ties with the home country.

Performances of a portable Fourier transform hyperspectral imaging camera for rapid investigation of paintings

Scientific investigation in the cultural heritage field is generally aimed at the characterization of the constituent materials and the conservation status of artworks. Since the 1990s, reflectance spectral imaging proved able to map pigments, reveal hidden details and evaluate the presence of restorations in paintings. Over the past two decades, hyperspectral imaging has further improved our understanding of paints and of its changes in time. In this work, we present an innovative hyperspectral camera, based on the Fourier transform approach, utilising an ultra-stable interferometer and we describe its advantages and drawbacks with respect to the commonly used line- and spectral-scanning methods. To mitigate the weaknesses of the Fourier transform hyperspectral imaging, we propose a strategy based on the virtual extension of the dynamic range of the camera and on the design of an illumination system with a balanced emission throughout the spectral range of interest. The hyperspectral camera was employed for the analysis of a painting from the “Album of Nasir al-din Shah”. By applying analysis routines based on supervised spectral unmixing, we demonstrate the effectiveness of our camera for pigment mapping. This work shows how the proposed hyperspectral imaging camera based on the Fourier transform is a promising technique for robust and compact in situ investigation of artistic objects in conditions compatible with museum and archaeological sites.Graphic abstract

ISotEE: A Hypervisor Middleware for IoT-Enabled Resource-Constrained Reliable Systems

Embedded systems for critical applications are often based on resource-constrained devices to meet the requirements like performance predictability and energy consumption. To deal with the increased software complexity, many of these systems have adopted reliable RTOSes (Real-Time Operating Systems) with advanced protection functionalities. Meanwhile, the concept of IoT (Internet of Things) is gaining momentum. Many IoT OSes, specialized to provide the large software stack required by IoT applications, have been released. Nevertheless, neither reliable RTOS nor IoT OS can satisfy all the requirements of IoT-enabled reliable systems. Dual-OS configuration (i.e. the coexistence of reliable RTOS and IoT OS) is a promising approach to achieve high reliability and productivity simultaneously. Existing dual-OS solutions, however, depend on additional hardware features (e.g. virtualization extensions, ARM TrustZone), which are unavailable in most resource-constrained devices. This paper presents iSotEE (iSolated Execution Environment), a middleware allowing IoT OS to run inside an isolated environment on top of a reliable RTOS without special hardware. Open-source implementations of iSotEE for Renesas RX (with TOPPERS/HRP3 as reliable RTOS, Amazon FreeRTOS as IoT OS) and ARMv7-M (with two configurations of Zephyr as reliable RTOS and IoT OS) architectures are provided and evaluated. The results show that iSotEE can create reliable systems with a small footprint for resource-constrained devices, high real-time performance for critical applications, and high productivity and throughput for IoT applications.