Formation Of Virtual Teams Research Articles

MODELS AND METHODS OF DESIGNING THE ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE OF A VIRTUAL TEAM

The modern organizational system is constantly exposed to the turbulent internal and external environment. To ensure the effective implementation of projects, programs and project portfolios, the activities of all human resources should be rationally coordinated. The use of information systems for the management of the organization's activities is a rational toolkit for the implementation of such tasks. To develop this information system, organizational structures should be analyzed in order to develop a model of an information analytical system to support personnel decision-making. The positive and negative sides of various organizational structures of organizations are considered. The subject of the study is resource management in projects of safety-oriented systems. Management of human resource management projects and programs in the civil defense system. The purpose of the article is to improve the efficiency of human resources management of the civil defense system of Ukraine. Research methods: the method of analyzing hierarchies, graphodynamic theory, empirical research, analysis and synthesis. The following results were obtained: It is proposed to use the graphical form of presentation of organizational models that belong to safety-oriented systems. Conclusions: A model of a multi-agent information system has been developed. To solve the task of finding the optimal organizational structure, an efficiency criterion has been defined, according to which a comparative analysis of organizational structures will be carried out, and such a criterion can be the manager's expenses for the formation of a project team. Therefore, the formation of virtual teams allows you to effectively manage the human resources of the project. They are formed from a group of applicants who are united by a common goal. In the project team where a temporary virtual organization is formed, it is allowed to use special expert knowledge and at the same time the experts do not cross each other. Also, this format allows you to form teams that have geographic restrictions and at the same time save resources.

Virtual teams formation: Remote team building and leadership

The article examines the problem of increasing the efficiency of virtual teams, a specific form of labor organisation in the digital economy. The relevance of remote team building of virtual teams is revealed. The essence of the remote team and team building is investigated. Based on the study of the results of empirical sociological research, the advantages and disadvantages of virtual teams are determined. The problem of remote team building technologies, team building methods at all stages of virtual team formation is raised. The main directions of the team leadership transformation are revealed. The problems faced by the leadership of virtual teams at differents stages of their formation, group dynamics are shown remote team-building tools for their resolution are suggested. The results of the article can be used in further research on the problems of organising teamwork in the digital economy, in developing proposals and recommendations for specialists in the field of personnel management for use in practice.

Job-related demands and resources for employees working on virtual teams: A qualitative-study.

The increasing globalization and the advances in communication technology have expedited the formation of virtual teams. The geographical distribution of virtual team members entails significant changes in working conditions. There is limited knowledge about the demands and resources virtual team members experience and how these can affect their mental health. The aim of this study is to identify work-related psychological demands and resources of virtual team members. 14 semi-structured interviews with virtual team members were conducted. Study participants were recruited based on the gatekeeper principle and the snowball principle. The interviewees were asked about self-perceived job demands and resources of virtual teamwork. The interviews were analyzed according to Mayring's structuring content analysis. Based on the qualitative analysis, the following job demands were explored among virtual team members: challenges due to permanent availability, technical conditions, and communication issues with other virtual team members. Job-related resources among virtual team members were also identified and are reflected in increased autonomy, flexibility and improved compatibility of private and professional working life. This study contributes to the understanding of the specific working conditions of virtual team members and identified job demands and resources of virtual teamwork. In addition, this study can be used as a basis for further quantitative investigations.

Applying Information Technology-Based Knowledge Management (KM) Simulation in the Airline Industry

In previous studies, some of the KM enablers documented include leadership operations in the form of a KM officer, financial aspects, and the organizational culture. On the other hand, the major barrier involves resistance to change due to the traditional culture emphasizing socialization and the establishment of trust before fostering business operations. From the gap analysis, some of the strategies that the Emirates Group could embrace include investing more in training sessions and workshops, designing the KM program in a manner that enables it to protect tacit knowledge from loss, and engaging in virtual team formation to foster an awareness of the value lying in KM program support. In so doing, it is projected that the company’s employee operations will be closely linked or aligned to the leading goals and objectives, upon which desirable degrees of productivity and competitiveness might be achieved. This paper has examined the aspect of knowledge management by gaining specific insights from the context of the Emirates Group. Whereas KM at the firm level comes in the form of articles presentations, reports and memos, group levels have seen KM emerge via an operational information system responsible for guiding the airline company’s daily operations. On the other hand, individual-level KM at this company exists in terms of the exRez software through which travelers can add destination activities, car rentals and hotel rooms to their flights, a process that occurs during online booking. In the future, there is a need for the company to remove the aforementioned barriers or obstacles perceived to stall progress, including organizational silos that are documented to set teams and individuals apart; besides hindering problem identification and solving on a collaborative basis.

GAME MODEL OF ONTOLOGICAL PROJECT SUPPORT

Context. In today’s information society with advanced telecommunications through mobile devices and computer networks, it is important to form a variety of virtual organizations and communities. Such virtual associations of people by professional or other interests are designed to quickly solve various tasks: to perform project tasks, create startups to attract investors, network marketing, distance learning, solving complex problems in science, economics and public administration , construction of various Internet services, discussion of political and social processes, etc.
 Objective of the study is to develop an adaptive Markov recurrent method based on the stochastic approximation of the modified condition of complementary non-rigidity, valid at Nash equilibrium points for solving the problem of game coverage of projects.
 Method. In this work the multiagent game model for formation of virtual teams of executors of projects on the basis of libraries of subject ontologies is developed. The competencies and abilities of agents required to carry out projects are specified by sets of ontologies. Intelligent agents randomly, simultaneously and independently choose one of the projects at discrete times. Agents who have chosen the same project determine the current composition of the team of its executors. For agents’ teams, a current penalty is calculated for insufficient coverage of competencies by the combined capabilities of agents. This penalty is used to adaptively recalculate mixed player strategies. The probabilities of selecting those teams whose current composition has led to a reduction in the fine for non-coverage of ontologies are increasing. During the repetitive stochastic game, agents will form vectors of mixed strategies that will minimize average penalties for non-coverage of projects.
 Results. For solve the problem of game coverage of projects, an adaptive Markov recurrent method based on the stochastic approximation of the modified condition of complementary non-rigidity, valid at Nash equilibrium points, was developed.
 Conclusions. Computer simulation confirmed the possibility of using the stochastic game model to form teams of project executors with the necessary ontological support in conditions of uncertainty. The convergence of the game method is ensured by compliance with the fundamental conditions and limitations of stochastic optimization. The reliability of experimental studies is confirmed by the repeatability of the results obtained for different sequences of random variables.

Internal audits in the digital era: opportunities risks and challenges

PurposeThe aim of this study is to examine continuous auditing in the digital age from the perspective of audit firm employees. It also investigates contemporary factors affecting continuous auditing, as well as the techniques that could be utilised for its implementation.Design/methodology/approachInternal audit departments of private companies were contacted via email and given a questionnaire developed based on the extant literature. The sample consisted of 105 individuals employed in the largest audit institutions in Greece. Data were analysed using multiple regression.FindingsAs expected, technological advances are indispensable for the establishment of an effective digital auditing system. The impact of data protection measures against cyber-attacks as well as employees' skills and training were found to be significant. Particular attention should be given to the preparation and building of virtual auditing teams.Research limitations/implicationsThe fact that the digital era is still nascent with its final outcomes not yet visible makes it difficult to produce accurate predictions and draw conclusions. Further, there is a need to survey salient stakeholders in other country contexts beyond Greece pursuant of producing generalisable results.Practical implicationsThe actions taken by companies to ensure cyber security and the formation of virtual teams were found to be highly significant for the implementation of a real-time auditing process. Traditionally, factors such as cost and time play an important role in optimising internal continuous auditing. Technological advancements combined with careful, strategic and case-specific implementation have the potential to enhance the efficacy of older methods.Social implicationsThe positive propensity of staff to adopt technology and modern techniques illustrates how implementation difficulties can be overcome through the redefinition and scheduling of an organisation's objectives and training of its personnel.Originality/valueAudit firm employees highlighted the protection of personal data, the avoidance of cyber-attacks and training as major continuous internal auditing goals. The results indicate acceptance towards technology and modern techniques, provided companies ensure adequate preparation and staff training conditions.

Važnost telemedicine u medicinski hitnim stanjima

Modern health systems aim to increase the quality of health care. Considering all the advantages that modern technologies can offer as well as the importance of adequate diagnostics and emergency medical therapy, the need for using those advantages in the treatment of emergency patients is only logical. Telemedicine represents the provision of health services through the use of information and telecommunication technologies regardless of geographical location of the medical team, patient or medical equipment. Active implementation of telemedicine can contribute to reducing of health care costs, to improving cooperation between different levels of health protection, to providing quick consultations in emergency medical conditions as well as to education of health workers. In order to provide quality emergency medical care good cooperation with general hospitals and clinical centers is necessary. This cooperation would be possible through creation of virtual teams, groups of physicians who work in different time, geographic and organizational areas with the goal of setting up a quicker and more precise diagnosis. Health systems tend to economize, standardize services and deliver best results. The formation of virtual teams, supported by the opportunities pro-vided by information technologies of today, will contribute to better organization of work in health department, to significant improvement of quality, speed and accuracy in setting diagnosis and consequently to faster decision-making on further therapeutic action with less health care costs.

Supporting Virtual Team Formation through Community-Wide Deliberation

Team-based learning is a structured, small-group learning method that has been associated with many positive outcomes in traditional classroom settings. However, relatively little research has focused on how to form and support teams within online learning platforms, such as Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs). A number of challenges arise for team formation in voluntary online classes: students may drop out and leave their team, and even if they do persist with the course, the team may not work together effectively. In this paper, we introduce a team-formation strategy that incorporates a deliberation process, where participants hold discussions in preparation for the collaboration task. First, we present a crowdsourced experiment that compares teams that are formed before or after a community deliberation process. Results demonstrate that teams engaging in a larger community deliberative process prior to team formation exhibit better team performance--as measured by team collaboration product quality--than pre-discussion teams. In a second crowdsourced experiment, we further explore the benefits of community-wide processes by automatically assigning teams based on participants' transactive interaction during deliberation. The results demonstrate advantages in terms of team performance for teams formed based on observed interactions during the community-level deliberation, compared to randomly formed teams. Finally, in a case study, we demonstrate how we successfully adapted the team formation strategy for use in a small MOOC.

ICT Collaboration Tools for Virtual Teams in Terms of the SECI Model

Nowadays, the current state of development of information and communication technology (ICT) connects individuals across time and space in one common environment, that is accessible for anyone, the virtual world. To collaborate with somebody or to participate in a team activity does not require a physical presence anymore. Virtual settings allow real-time communication and cooperation across any distance at any time with negligible delay. ICT allows formation of virtual teams where those accomplish various functions in work, education and private life. Compared to local teams of physically present individuals, the collaboration in virtual environments is more intensively influenced by significantly impacting factors and requires intensive motivation of the team members, extensive support by their team leader and appropriate technology. Among all the available ICT tools, not each ICT tool is equally suitable for each and every team activity. This paper aims to provide analysis of various ICT tools, to disclose their potential to contribute to team’s quality communication and to reduce drawbacks caused by impersonal environment. Our aim is to optimize the composition of the ICT supporting infrastructure in order to form successful and effective collaboration.

Analyzing the complementarity of web infrastructure and eInnovation for business value generation

Purpose – In recent years, there has been much debate about the value generated by the firms’ investments in information technology (IT). Although literature suggests that technology itself will rarely create superiority, web infrastructure can be critical for knowledge sharing and the formation of virtual teams to execute innovation processes which, in turn, may enhance e-innovation and business value. Building on these antecedents, the purpose of this paper is to explore whether and how web infrastructure and e-innovation can create business value by complementing each other. Design/methodology/approach – Based on the resource-based view (RBV) of the firm this paper develops a conceptual model to assess the effects of web infrastructure and e-innovation on business value as well as the complementarity between these resources. To test the associated hypotheses, a regression model was estimated and tested on a large sample of Spanish firms from different industries. Findings – The results show that web infrastructure is not positively related to business value, but on the contrary e-innovation has a positive impact on business value. However, support for complementarity between web infrastructure and e-innovation was not found. Originality/value – The present study tests the RBV logic, arguing that not all IT resources are source of competitive advantage. In the same vein, this study shows that e-innovation, as it requires combination of IT infrastructure with other unique intangible resources, is much more difficult to imitate, leading to competitive advantages.

Social media - a tool for competitive advantage in projects deploying virtual teams

Social media has struck popularity chord among the internet savvy generation. The statistics indicates the usage of social media with a projection of estimated 2.13 billion social network users worldwide in 2016 as compared to in 2012. Such strength has been recently recognised by business firms and lot of activities in marketing and human resource management are conducted through social media platform. Globalisation, project-based activities and need of specific talent pool have created an extremely profitable market for software development outsourcing business in India. The management of onshore and offshore teams lead to the formation of virtual teams in the projects. The very nature of the project being dynamic was further complicated by the low face-to-face interaction among the members in the virtual teams. The media such as emails, shared drives, etc. were not sufficient to overcome the complexities to tackle the tasks at times. A platform is required to substitute the face-to-face interaction and since social media is being considered as a new option for intra-organisational communication medium, and the benefits could be reaped maximum by the virtual team management. Apart from the social media tools such as Facebook, Twitter, blogs, etc. present for the public arena, there are enterprise wide social media based collaborative tools viz., Huddle, Yammer, Teambox, etc. for . Lot of software development companies have started using them for the better results and this has changed the face of the software project business. In this paper, the authors discuss the dynamic change brought by the use of social media tools in the virtual teams and empirically establish that the use of social media within the team for communication enhances productivity of the team.

Social media - a tool for competitive advantage in projects deploying virtual teams

Social media has struck popularity chord among the internet savvy generation. The statistics indicates the usage of social media with a projection of estimated 2.13 billion social network users worldwide in 2016 as compared to in 2012. Such strength has been recently recognised by business firms and lot of activities in marketing and human resource management are conducted through social media platform. Globalisation, project-based activities and need of specific talent pool have created an extremely profitable market for software development outsourcing business in India. The management of onshore and offshore teams lead to the formation of virtual teams in the projects. The very nature of the project being dynamic was further complicated by the low face-to-face interaction among the members in the virtual teams. The media such as emails, shared drives, etc. were not sufficient to overcome the complexities to tackle the tasks at times. A platform is required to substitute the face-to-face interaction and since social media is being considered as a new option for intra-organisational communication medium, and the benefits could be reaped maximum by the virtual team management. Apart from the social media tools such as Facebook, Twitter, blogs, etc. present for the public arena, there are enterprise wide social media based collaborative tools viz., Huddle, Yammer, Teambox, etc. for . Lot of software development companies have started using them for the better results and this has changed the face of the software project business. In this paper, the authors discuss the dynamic change brought by the use of social media tools in the virtual teams and empirically establish that the use of social media within the team for communication enhances productivity of the team.

Virtual organization for open innovation: Semantic web based inter-organizational team formation

Companies and research institutes are always threatened by rapid technological developments and corporate M&A. They are trying to secure a sustainable competitive advantage using outside knowledge and expertise under open innovation to overcome these shortcomings. As a quantitative and systematical method of selecting virtual team members for open innovation, we present a virtual team formation model and a prototype to verify its efficiency. The test scenario shows how to form a virtual team through internal and external human resources when developing a new product.

Taxonomy for Outside Plant Construction in Telecommunication Infrastructure: Supporting Knowledge-Based Virtual Teaming

With the expected volume of rehabilitation work in telecommunication infrastructures, there is a need to establish a means of supporting the exchange of project information in a semantic way. Semantic Web techniques provide superb tools for the exchange of relevant project information. It also supports the creation of more advanced supply chains and the establishment of proper knowledge management tools. This paper presents a taxonomy for outside plant construction. It includes a description of related processes, actors, products, resources, and technical concepts. The taxonomy was developed as an extension of the e-COGNOS taxonomy, and was validated through interviews with industry experts. Relevant terms from inside plant construction were also included in the taxonomy. This paper also presents an outline for the future use of the proposed taxonomy, that of supporting corporate memory initiatives—including a prototypical implementation of the formation of virtual teams.

Extending the group: a strategy for virtual team formation

Discusses the emergence of virtual teams in the current business world. The issues posed by virtuality as opposed to proximity for group members and trainers and developers are raised. The stages of group processes – from formation/socialisation to the adjournment of virtual teams – are identified and considered in relation to virtuality and proximity. Examples are given from the Electronic Communication Forum (ECF) showing how the reality of working practices mirrors the theory offered. Some questions are posed which will need further research before answers can be generated.