Virtual Reality In Order Research Articles

Integration of cloud technologies into virtual reality

Investigated the possibilities of integrating cloud technologies into virtual reality in order to further improve software tools and increase its efficiency and accessibility. Analysed architectural and infrastructure solutions for the use of cloud services, processing and storage of large data in virtual environments. Conducted a comprehensive scientific study of the possibilities of integrating cloud technologies into virtual reality in order to increase the efficiency and accessibility of this technological segment. Studied the challenges that arise when integrating cloud technologies, in particular, the problems of delays in data transmission and measures to ensure security and privacy in cloud environments. Considered the necessity of developing a cloud infrastructure in popular cloud services, in particular, Amazon Web Services (AWS), to optimise computing tasks and increase overall efficiency, as well as the possibility of scaling virtual reality technology. Article considers the possibility of creating a solution for interacting with cloud resources and using virtual reality applications. The services of a cloud provider are used to allocate computing resources, create a data warehouse, create and manage a virtual network, install and configure solutions for deploying and configuring server software components, and conduct an experiment. Evaluated the impact of cloud technology integration on the quality and availability of virtual reality, and provide prospects for the development of this association. In addition, considered the possibilities of creating optimised solutions for interacting with cloud resources and using virtual reality applications, and assessed the impact of cloud integration on the quality and availability of virtual reality. Developed a software solution and approach for building a cloud infrastructure, described in detail all the steps of creating and deploying a virtual server and data storage for its interaction with virtual reality systems. Prospects for the development of such an association open up wide horizons for innovative technologies in the information technology segment. The results of the study can become an important source of relevant strategic information for further improvement of cloud-virtual environments and development of innovative technologies in the information technology segment.

Virtual reality training and modeling to aid in pre-procedural practice for thoracic nerve root block in the setting of a schwannoma

Virtual reality (VR) is a tool to aid with pre-procedural modeling and practicing for complex procedures with anatomic variation. Here we demonstrate a case of a 64-year-old woman with neuroforaminal compression from a schwannoma that was modeled in VR in order to facilitate pre-procedural training prior to a transforaminal epidural steroid injection. The modeling session allowed for determination of the optimal fluoroscopic angulation to avoid any contact with the mass or nerve root during the procedure. This case study demonstrates a way to incorporate VR in pre-procedural planning and practicing for both learners and experienced interventionalists.

Les dispositifs d’évaluation psychologique à l’ère du numérique

ObjectiveThis article seeks to explore the evolution of practices in terms of the use of digital media in the context of psychological assessment. MethodThe method is a systematic review of the literature on the digital practices of assessment and a reflection on the use of drawing in virtual reality as a complement to a complete psychological assessment. ResultsThe systematic literature review reveals that most of the work focuses on the use of the digital version of the Wechsler scales in an attempt to verify the equivalence of the different delivery methods. The approach consists in looking for an equivalence of construction but also an equivalence of the raw scores in order to benefit from the metric qualities of the original tests as well as their calibration. In our reflection, the search for equivalence is not the only goal; we also seek to take advantage of the unprecedented situation of immersion in virtual reality in order to explore new aspects of subjects’ psychic reality. DiscussionThe results of research on the digital psychological assessment show that it is possible to use these new methods of test administration without deviating from the objective of what is measured with the tools of origin; furthermore, digital tools also open up interesting new aspects. ConclusionWhile we do not call for the replacement of traditional methods with digital psychological assessment, the latter deserves to be studied in order to highlight more precisely its limits but also its potential richness according to the specific clinical situations where it is deployed.

An Analysis on the Application of a Virtual Reality Program in the Basic Medicine Subject Class for Training of Students in Emergency Medical Services

This study was conducted to enable severity classification according to symptoms and signs appealed by the emergency medical services based on the patient's anatomical structure in the field and to study the effective method of teaching anatomy classes required to apply first aid. Therefore, this study attempted to employ practice using virtual reality in anatomy classes, understand the learning effects, and provide basic data on the use of class media using virtual reality in order to improve the quality of anatomy classes in the future. As a result of the study, the theoretical understanding showed a statistically significant difference (<i>p</i> < 0.001), and class satisfaction was statistically significantly higher after applying virtual reality (<i>p</i> < 0.001). It is believed that if a virtual reality-based education program is applied to enhance the learning effect in anatomy classes, it will have an educational effect on students.

Neuro-Linguistic Programming & VR via the 8 Pillars of Metacognition X 8 Layers of Consciousness X 8 Intelligences

Neuro-linguistic programming (NLP) has already achieved great popularity as a method for personal development and excellence. It is already used by successful educators, managers, trainers, salespeople, market researchers, counselors, consultants, medics, top athletes and lawyers. However, there is a lack of understanding about the secrets behind the success of neuro-linguistic training in various areas of human life. What are the pillars of its success? What is the role of metacognition? The specific aim of the present review is to explore the relationship between neuro-linguistic programming and metacognition as well as their role in building human excellence. In addition, we investigate, for the first time to our knowledge, the effectiveness of NLP in virtual reality in order to promote metacognitive development in terms of behavior change, subconscious reshaping and consciousness-raising. The results of this review showed that there is a mutually reinforcing relationship between Neuro-linguistic programming and Metacognition. Research has also shown that virtual reality provides the ideal environment for the application of subconscious training techniques like those of NLP. We conclude with a new layered model of NLP based on the principles of metacognition. This model aims to condition people to become awake, transcend their limitations, and enter a higher state of consciousness.

Re]moving Bodies - A Shared Diminished Reality Installation for Exploring Relational Movement.

In this article we explore an epistemic approach we name dis/embodiment and introduce “Articulations,” an interdisciplinary project bringing together Virtual Reality (VR) designers, cognitive scientists, dancers, anthropologists, and human–machine interaction specialists. According to Erin Manning, our sense of self and other emerges from processes of bodying and relational movement (becoming oneself by moving in relation with the world). The aim of the project is to exploit the potential of multi-person VR in order to explore the intersubjective dynamics of relational movement and bodying, and to do so with scientific, artistic and therapeutic purposes in mind. To achieve this bridge, we bring up a novel paradigm we name “Shared Diminished Reality”. It consists in using minimalist representation to instantiate users’ bodies in the virtual space. Instead of using humanoid avatars or full body skeletons, we reduce the representation of the moving bodies to three spheres whose trajectories reflect the tracking of the head and the two wrists. This “diminished”virtual rendition of the body-in-movement, we call dis/embodiment. It provides a simple but clear experience of one’s own responsive movement in relation to the world and other bodies. It also allows for subtle manipulations of bodies’ perceptual and cross-perceptual feedback and simplifies the tracking and the analysis of movements. After having introduced the epistemic framework, the basic architecture, and the empirical method informing the installation, we present and discuss, as a proof-of-concept, some data collected in a situated experiment at a science-art event. We investigate motion patterns observed in different experimental conditions (in which participants either could or could not see the representation of their own hands in the virtual space) and their relation with subjective reports collected. We conclude with reflection on further possibilities of our installation in exploring bodying and relational movement.

Giulio Camillo’s Theatre of Knowledge Revisited

Abstract In the Sixteenth Century, the Italian humanist Giulio Camillo built a ‘Theatre of Knowledge’ for the French King Francis I. Previous scholarship has debated whether this theatre was a physical place, a mental (mnemonic) space, or both. New archival evidence that has been overlooked in previous scholarship on Camillo, and his theatre, unequivocally proves for the first time that Camillo’s theatre had in fact been built in Paris. This invites a reconsideration of past reconstructions of the theatre and allows for the formulation of a new one. In this article, I have explored the hypothesis that Camillo’s theatre resembled an anatomy theatre. I have used 3D modelling and virtual reality in order to reconstruct some of the spatial features of Camillo’s theatre and explore how these insights further our understanding of his theatre in terms of historical and current practices surrounding the presentation of information and the invention of new knowledge.

Visual feedback improves movement illusions induced by tendon vibration after chronic stroke

BackgroundIllusion of movement induced by tendon vibration is commonly used in rehabilitation and seems valuable for motor rehabilitation after stroke, by playing a role in cerebral plasticity. The aim was to study if congruent visual cues using Virtual Reality (VR) could enhance the illusion of movement induced by tendon vibration of the wrist among participants with stroke.MethodsWe included 20 chronic stroke participants. They experienced tendon vibration of their wrist (100 Hz, 30 times) inducing illusion of movement. Three VR visual conditions were added to the vibration: a congruent moving virtual hand (Moving condition); a static virtual hand (Static condition); or no virtual hand at all (Hidden condition). The participants evaluated for each visual condition the intensity of the illusory movement using a Likert scale, the sensation of wrist’s movement using a degree scale and they answered a questionnaire about their preferred condition.ResultsThe Moving condition was significantly superior to the Hidden condition and to the Static condition in terms of illusion of movement (p < 0.001) and the wrist’s extension (p < 0.001). There was no significant difference between the Hidden and the Static condition for these 2 criteria. The Moving condition was considered the best one to increase the illusion of movement (in 70% of the participants). Two participants did not feel any illusion of movement.ConclusionsThis study showed the interest of using congruent cues in VR in order to enhance the consistency of the illusion of movement induced by tendon vibration among participants after stroke, regardless of their clinical severity. By stimulating the brain motor areas, this visuo-proprioceptive feedback could be an interesting tool in motor rehabilitation.Record number in Clinical Trials: NCT04130711, registered on October 17th 2019 (https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04130711?id=NCT04130711&draw=2&rank=1).

The importance of peripheral vision when searching 3D real-world scenes: A gaze-contingent study in virtual reality.

Visual search in natural scenes is a complex task relying on peripheral vision to detect potential targets and central vision to verify them. The segregation of the visual fields has been particularly established by on-screen experiments. We conducted a gaze-contingent experiment in virtual reality in order to test how the perceived roles of central and peripheral visions translated to more natural settings. The use of everyday scenes in virtual reality allowed us to study visual attention by implementing a fairly ecological protocol that cannot be implemented in the real world. Central or peripheral vision was masked during visual search, with target objects selected according to scene semantic rules. Analyzing the resulting search behavior, we found that target objects that were not spatially constrained to a probable location within the scene impacted search measures negatively. Our results diverge from on-screen studies in that search performances were only slightly affected by central vision loss. In particular, a central mask did not impact verification times when the target was grammatically constrained to an anchor object. Our findings demonstrates that the role of central vision (up to 6 degrees of eccentricities) in identifying objects in natural scenes seems to be minor, while the role of peripheral preprocessing of targets in immersive real-world searches may have been underestimated by on-screen experiments.

Collision avoidance behaviours between older adult and young adult walkers.

Collision avoidance between two walkers requires a mutual adaptation based on visual information in order to be successful. Age-related changes to visuomotor processing, kinesthetic input, and intersegmental dynamics increases the risk of collision and falls in older adults. However, few studies examine behavioural strategies in older adults during collision avoidance tasks with another pedestrian. Is there a difference between older adults' and young adults' collision avoidance behaviours with another pedestrian? Seventeen older adults (x¯ = 68 ± 3 years) and seventeen young adults (x¯ = 23 ± 2 years) walked at a comfortable walking speed along a 12.6 m pathway while avoiding another walker. Trials were randomized equally to include 20 interactions with the same age group and 21 interactions with the opposite age group. Minimum predicted distance (mpd) was used to characterize collision avoidance behaviours between older adults and young adults. Older adults had riskier avoidance behaviours, passing closer to the other pedestrian (0.79 m ± 0.18 m) compared to when two young adults were on a collision course (0.93 m ± 0.17 m) (χ²(3) = 35.94, p < .0001). Whenever an older adult was on a collision course with a young adult, the young adult contributed more to the avoidance regardless of passing order. The results from the current study highlight age-related effects during a collision avoidance task in older adults resulting in risky behaviour and a potential collision. Future studies should further investigate age-related visuomotor deficits during collision avoidance tasks in cluttered environments using virtual reality in order to tease out factors that contribute most to avoidance behaviours in older adults.

Heart rate variability analysis for the assessment of immersive emotional arousal using virtual reality: Comparing real and virtual scenarios.

Many affective computing studies have developed automatic emotion recognition models, mostly using emotional images, audio and videos. In recent years, virtual reality (VR) has been also used as a method to elicit emotions in laboratory environments. However, there is still a need to analyse the validity of VR in order to extrapolate the results it produces and to assess the similarities and differences in physiological responses provoked by real and virtual environments. We investigated the cardiovascular oscillations of 60 participants during a free exploration of a real museum and its virtualisation viewed through a head-mounted display. The differences between the heart rate variability features in the high and low arousal stimuli conditions were analysed through statistical hypothesis testing; and automatic arousal recognition models were developed across the real and the virtual conditions using a support vector machine algorithm with recursive feature selection. The subjects' self-assessments suggested that both museums elicited low and high arousal levels. In addition, the real museum showed differences in terms of cardiovascular responses, differences in vagal activity, while arousal recognition reached 72.92% accuracy. However, we did not find the same arousal-based autonomic nervous system change pattern during the virtual museum exploration. The results showed that, while the direct virtualisation of a real environment might be self-reported as evoking psychological arousal, it does not necessarily evoke the same cardiovascular changes as a real arousing elicitation. These contribute to the understanding of the use of VR in emotion recognition research; future research is needed to study arousal and emotion elicitation in immersive VR.

Art making and virtual reality: A comparison study of physiological and psychological outcomes

Engaging in creative activities is known to increase well-being by reducing levels of stress, anxiety, and improve life satisfaction. Similarly, virtual reality has emerged as an effective method for decreasing negative emotions and enhancing aspects of mental health. aspects of mental disorders. The primary aim of the current study was to compare 2-dimensional and 3-dimensional art-making on measures of stress, anxiety, and mood in a non-clinical college student sample. Forty-four participants were randomly assigned to a classic art-making intervention in 2-dimensions, a novel art-making intervention in 3-dimensional virtual reality, or a non-artistic control intervention in virtual reality in order to examine the beneficial outcomes of each method. Both physiological (heart rate, skin conductance, & alpha amylase) and self-report measures (stress, anxiety, & mood) were recorded before and after the interventions. Results show that all groups demonstrated a similar ability to reduce anxiety and enhance mood. More specifically, the virtual reality art making group displayed the greatest decrease in heart rate. Also, significant correlations emerged between salivary alpha amylase and the self-report measures (anxiety and negative affect). We discuss a common quality of these groups which may provide insight for future studies regarding art making interventions and health outcomes.

Enhancing Primary School Teaching through Virtual Reality

In this day and age, the usage of computers as well as Internet combined with mobile devices is an integral part of our routine especially for adolescents and younger children. Thus, it puts forward a multitude of challenges and advances for educational institutions. The purpose of this article is to explore the current use of virtual reality in order to support teaching and learning along with presenting a teaching proposal concerning the utilisation of CoSpace Edu software on the subject of Religious Affairs.

On the Assessment of Functional Connectivity in an Immersive Brain-Computer Interface During Motor Imagery.

New trends on brain-computer interface (BCI) design are aiming to combine this technology with immersive virtual reality in order to provide a sense of realism to its users. In this study, we propose an experimental BCI to control an immersive telepresence system using motor imagery (MI). The system is immersive in the sense that the users can control the movement of a NAO humanoid robot in a first person perspective (1PP), i.e., as if the movement of the robot was his/her own. We analyze functional brain connectivity between 1PP and 3PP during the control of our BCI using graph theory properties such as degree, betweenness centrality, and efficiency. Changes in these metrics are obtained for the case of the 1PP, as well as for the traditional third person perspective (3PP) in which the user can see the movement of the robot as feedback. As proof-of-concept, electroencephalography (EEG) signals were recorded from two subjects while they performed MI to control the movement of the robot. The graph theoretical analysis was applied to the binary directed networks obtained through the partial directed coherence (PDC). In our preliminary assessment we found that the efficiency in the α brain rhythm is greater in 1PP condition in comparison to the 3PP at the prefrontal cortex. Also, a stronger influence of signals measured at EEG channel C3 (primary motor cortex) to other regions was found in 1PP condition. Furthermore, our preliminary results seem to indicate that α and β brain rhythms have a high indegree at prefrontal cortex in 1PP condition, and this could be possibly related to the experience of sense of agency. Therefore, using the PDC combined with graph theory while controlling a telepresence robot in an immersive system may contribute to understand the organization and behavior of brain networks in these environments.

Virtual reality-based decision support model for interior design and decoration of an office building

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to develop a virtual reality (VR)-based and user-oriented decision support system for interior design and decoration. The four-phase decision-making process of the system is verified through a case study of an office building. Design/methodology/approach Different “spatial layouts” are presented by VR for users to decide their preference (Phase 1). According to the selected spatial layout, a “spatial scene” is constructed by VR and Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to an Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) is used to determine the spatial scene preference (Phase 2). Based on the binary integer programming method, the system provides the optimal preliminary solution under a limited decoration budget (Phase 3). Finally, the consistency between the overall color scheme and pattern is fine-tuned by VR in order to obtain the final solution (Phase 4). Findings The questionnaire survey results show that decision makers generally affirm the operation and application of VR, and especially recognize the advantages in the improvement of VR-based interior design feasibility, communication efficiency and design decision-making speed. The optimization of the costs and benefits enables decision makers to effectively evaluate the impact of design decisions on subsequent project implementation during the preliminary design process. Originality/value The VR-based decision support system for interior design retains the original immersive experience of VR, and offers a systematic multiple criteria decision- making and operations research optimization method, thus, providing more complete decision-making assistance. Compared with traditional design communication, it can significantly reduce cognitive differences and improve decision-making quality and speed.

Becoming familiar: how infrastructure engineers begin to use collaborative virtual reality in their interdisciplinary practice

The design community has recently shown increased interest in using virtual reality (VR) in project review contexts. While single-user headsets currently attract most VR-related attention, room-like immersive VR environments can help facilitate design team engagement and shared exploration of projects. However, to date relatively little research concerns how large-scale VR environments are used in and adapted for professional practice. To address this gap, we set up a bespoke portable VR display system called 3D-MOVE in a major UK construction office to investigate how project team members used and evaluated collaborative VR processes. Over a three-month period, we conducted ten video-recorded VR sessions to observe how engineering professionals familiarize themselves with VR in order to help inform its deployment in practice. The study results show that emergent discussions about design models and questioning of design-related assumptions dominated all observed sessions, even though they were staged as technology demonstrations; which supports the social aspects of large-scale collaborative VR processes. However, before participants could focus on design review, they had to familiarize themselves with the VR technology and time required to do so varied depending on the complexity of the VR configuration. As the participants engaged with the VR environment, they reflected on their processes, requirements and expectations and provided feedback for improving the VR experience. Articulating this familiarization with collaborative VR can inform its deployment with respect to minimizing the learning curve and any distractions or discomfort associated with its use while maximizing the aspects of value-added collaborative engagement. Additional considerations concerning content, interactivity and logistics emerged as necessary to address before VR technologies can become standard practice.

Humans interacting with multi-robot systems: a natural affect-based approach

This paper proposes a novel human–multi-robot-system interaction approach that enjoys two main features: natural interaction and affect-based adaptation of robots behavior. Specifically, the proposed system enables interaction by means of a wrist-worn device, such as a commercial smartwatch, which allows to track user’s movements and heart activity. Thus, on the one side, the proposed system allows the user to intuitively drive the robots by establishing a natural mapping between wrist movements and robots velocity. On the other side, the system estimates user’s mental fatigue during interaction by means of the analysis of heart rate variability. The proposed interaction system adapts then the behavior of the multi-robot system when the interacting user gets overwhelmed with the interaction and control task, which is then simplified. Experimental validation is provided, to show the effectiveness of the proposed system. First, the natural and affect-based interaction are considered separately. Then, the approach is tested considering a complex realistic scenario, which is simulated in virtual reality in order to get an immersive and realistic interaction experience. The results of the experimental validation clearly show that the proposed affect-based adaptive system leads to relieving the user’s fatigue and mental workload.

Implementation of Virtual Reality in Serious Gaming - War Simulation

In this work, the researcher presents War Simulation through virtual reality. Through the work, the researcher tries to create a tactical war kind off a simulation that will not only be beneficial to train the military personnel but also combine with the Virtual Reality in order to give an experience that will help the Indian personnel to be trained in a better way. The researcher takes into account the simulation process that is being used throughout the world and follows the steps of various already constructed simulations with added advantages and upgrades. This work shall discuss the technical aspects of the construction of the simulation while also taking into account the amount that will be used in building the simulation. By combining the elements of a serious game and combine them with Virtual reality, the simulation provides a very immersive experience that will be used to help the soldiers in a more virtual way. While starting to create the simulation the researcher takes into account the various necessities that will be used to create the simulation. There will be different multiplayer aspects that will be used in this simulation. A detailed explanation will be provided for various topics.

A Review on Collaborative Learning Environment across Virtual and Augmented Reality Technology

Collaborative Learning Environment (CLE) in various application settings are presented and describe in this paper. CLE focuses on facilitating learning process through collaboration task. This paper reviews the numerous Augmented Reality (AR) and Virtual Reality (VR) technology that adopt collaborative system. It provides for an insight view of the capabilities of collaborative learning through the adoption of collaborative system in AR and VR. The adoption perspective define the cruciality to adopt collaborative in AR and VR in order to support learning process of the user of the respective task in a specific subject domain.

Study on enhancing AIoT computational thinking skills by plot image-based VR

ABSTRACT Due to their applications on varied and complex issues, Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Internet of Things (IoT) (collectively, AIoT) have become popular new-generation courses, but the learning of such courses needs to consider actual situations and to analyze complicated problems, making it difficult for students to improve their academic performance. The concept of computational thinking education is to allow students to find solutions to problems in different fields by understanding the problems and analyzing solution steps. In this study, we integrate the concept of computational thinking education into a course on plot image-based virtual reality (VR). It combined shooting of the actual field, instructions on the movie required to be shot, and VR in order to enable students to get immersed in thinking about problems and understanding the actual field through plot image-based VR, further plan to learn the essence of problems, and develop possible solutions. Through experimental results of experimental and control groups, we found that plot image-based VR can effectively improve students’ interests in learning and computational thinking.