Virtual Reality Film Research Articles

Exploration of the Application of Virtual Reality and Internet of Things in Film and Television Production Mode

In order to reduce some of the problems of technological restructuring and insufficient expansion in the current film and television production mode, the application of emerging technologies such as artificial intelligence (AI), virtual reality (VR), and Internet of Things (IoT) in the film and television industry is introduced in this research. First, a topical crawler tool was constructed to grab relevant texts about “AI”, “VR”, and “IoT” crossover “film and television”, and the grasping accuracy rate and recall rate of this tool were compared. Then, based on the extracted text, the data of recent development in related fields were extracted. The AdaBoost algorithm was used to improve the BP (Back Propagation) neural network (BPNN). This model was used to predict the future development scale of related fields. Finally, a virtual character interaction system based on IoT-sensor technology was built and its performance was tested. The results showed that the topical crawler tool constructed in this study had higher recall rate and accuracy than other tools, and a total of 188 texts related to AI, VR, and IoT crossover television films were selected after Naive Bayes classification. In addition, the error of the BPNN prediction model based on the AdaBoost algorithm was less than 20%, and it can effectively predict the future development scale of AI and other fields. In addition, the virtual character interaction system based on IoT technology constructed in this study has a high motion recognition rate, produces a strong sense of immersion among users, and can realize real-time capture and imitation of character movements. In a word, the field of AI and VR crossover film and television has great development prospects in the future. Therefore, the application of IoT technology in building the virtual-character interaction system can improve the effect of VR or AI film and television production.

Attitudes of learner drivers toward safety at level crossings: Do they change after a 360° video-based educational intervention?

In light of the growing number of level crossing accidents and the limited prevention programmes, this study examined relationships among attitudes toward traffic rules, impulsiveness, and behavioural intentions at level crossings. It explored the behavioural effects of an educational programme newly developed within the framework of the Croatian national safety project “Implementation of measures to improve the safety of the most vulnerable traffic participants at level crossings“. The programme aimed to change risky attitudes and behavioural intentions of learner drivers at level crossings. It consists of a safety lecture accompanied by pictures, videos and the exposition to a 3D virtual reality film shot at a real level crossing, which allows the participant to experience, from the driver’s perspective, safe and risky crossings. The programme was implemented in 11 driving schools. First, 285 participants (62.8% men) answered a questionnaire measuring safety attitudes toward traffic and impulsiveness, then they attended a lecture and participated in the virtual reality experience. Finally, they answered a questionnaire measuring planned future behaviour at level crossings. The results showed that attitudes toward level crossing risk significantly predicted intended driving behaviour at level crossings. Furthermore, the 360° video-based educational intervention altered the relationships connecting attitudes toward level crossings and risky driving behaviour at level crossings. The practical implications of these results are discussed.

Product Placement in Virtual Reality Videos from the Perspective of Dialogic Engagement

Two studies were conducted to examine product placement in virtual reality (VR) videos using the theoretical framework of dialogic engagement. Specifically, Study 1 used content analysis to investigate VR films on YouTube, and Study 2 applied a phenomenological approach to explore young consumers’ responses to this innovative promotional tool. Findings revealed that while, in general, greater interactivity and dynamicity are more desirable to achieve a higher level of engagement, a balance between interactivity, dynamicity, subtlety, and prominence should be achieved to bridge the gap between product placement practices and audience’s perceptions.

La machine subjective ? Les appropriations cinématographiques des dispositifs immersifs contemporains

Virtual reality’s recent inclusion into film festivals sheds light on the transformations it has brought upon the technical and narrative features of cinema. This article focuses on cinema’s recent appropriation of the technical apparatus of virtual reality, as well as on the tendency of contemporary “virtual reality films” to place spectators in the body of a character. By way of a technical analysis of the head-mounted displays that have become the site of more and more immersive films, this text aims to study the transformations undergone by cinema, which have led to a proliferation of films aimed at conveying first-person experiences on screen. In so doing, this article proposes new ways of thinking about virtual reality, cinema, subjectivity and the influence of technical apparatuses on the spectatorial experience.

Hyper 360—Towards a Unified Tool Set Supporting Next Generation VR Film and TV Productions

We describe four fundamental challenges that complex real-life Virtual Reality (VR) productions are facing today (such as multi-camera management, quality control, automatic annotation with cinematography and 360˚ depth estimation) and describe an integrated solution, called Hyper 360, to address them. We demonstrate our solution and its evaluation in the context of practical productions and present related results.

On Bodily Absence in Humanitarian Multisensory VR

Humanitarian organizations, journalists, and artists are increasingly turning to virtual reality (VR) and immersive filmmaking because of its ostensibly unprecedented ability to conjure empathic feelings that lead to humanitarian action. Recent media studies scholarship attends to the possibilities and pitfalls of curating empathy through VR in the context of documentary filmmaking; however, these analyses primarily focus on VR’s unique visual address. The status of the participant’s body, as it exists in the physical world and as it is conjured within the virtual environment, remains under-explored in scholarship on immersive media and humanitarianism. In this paper, we offer a comparative analysis of embodiment in two recent multisensory VR film installations with humanitarian themes: Alejandro González Iñárritu’s Carne y Arena (2017) which stages an attempted border crossing between Mexico and the United States; and Hero (iNKStories, 2018), which places participants into an unnamed Syrian village during an air raid. Using bodily absence as a framework, we argue that agency, responsibility, and a humanitarian subjectivity are ambiguously constructed through the sensing of bodily and psychic borders within these contemporary VR installations. We conclude that humanitarian VR is better understood as a technology of encounter rather than one of empathy.

Walking in someone else’s shoes: creating empathy in the practice of immersive film

ABSTRACTThe rise and accessibility of virtual reality and 360-degree film has led to the assertion that it is an empathy generator (De La Peña, N., P. Well, J. Liobera, E. Giannopoulos, A. Pomés, B. Spanlang, D. Friedman, M. Sanchez- Vives, and M. Slater. 2010. “Immersive Journalism: Immersive Virtual Reality for the First-Person Experience of News.” Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments 19 (4): 291–301. http://hdl.handle.net/2445/52803; Milk 2015. How Virtual Reality can Create the Ultimate Empathy Machine. Accessed February 9, 2018. https://www.ted.com/talks/chris_milk_how_virtual_reality_can_create_the_ultimate_empathy_machine) allowing for a greater level of immersion on the part of the ‘experiencer’ than traditional film enables (Jones, S. 2017. “Disrupting the Narrative: Immersive Journalism in Virtual Reality.” Journal of Media Practice 18 (2–3): 171–185). Films created for a user to ‘walk in someone else’s shoes’ have been used to explore ideas including mobility (StoryUp 2016), health conditions (Gauntlett 2015) and immigration (Milk 2015. How Virtual Reality can Create the Ultimate Empathy Machine. Accessed February 9, 2018. https://www.ted.com/talks/chris_milk_how_virtual_reality_can_create_the_ultimate_empathy_machine) and are increasingly being used by third-sector organisations and the United Nations because of their power as a tool to help understanding of social issues.This paper seeks to critically investigate the concept of empathy within film practice and explore how emerging technologies potentially enable a significant shift in the audience’s experience of a subject. Through a study of immersive films and interviews with leading creators, the notions of empathy-driven practice are interrogated and critiqued. The study provides conditions for future immersive filmic practice that, through using non-directed narratives, involves the creation of a space in which experiencers of immersive experiences can gain an increased awareness of space, place and social relations which can lead to positive societal change without requiring the need for empathy.

Researching in-store, at home: Using virtual reality within quantitative surveys

This article reviews the experience, steps taken, and lessons learnt from including a virtual reality film within a mobile online survey. The survey was designed to test point-of-sale displays within a retail store environment, with respondents exposed to the store using virtual reality within the survey, rather than being a shown a static image or a standard film of the store’s interior. The results show how incorporating a virtual reality film within a survey can significantly add to the survey enjoyment compared to traditional approaches. The findings show how the uniqueness of the virtual reality experience can help engage respondents, offering a modern and relevant way to provide a more realistic survey experience that respondents are receptive to. The study also demonstrates that it is technically feasible to incorporate a virtual reality experience into an online survey among typical panelists, without high failure rates or the need to over-incentivise to participate. This article discusses the use of virtual reality within surveys and the practical steps taken to incorporate the virtual reality film, as well as the key learnings generated from the experience. The future potential for the application of virtual reality technology within research is also explored.

Aplicación de la realidad virtual. Agente de neurorecuperador psíquico-físico y deportivo

No existen muchos estudios sobre como incidir directamente sobre las emociones y la educación de las personas a través la realidad virtual (VR3D) y sus efectos positivos cardiovasculares tras el ejercicio. El vídeo educativo es un medio didáctico que facilita el descubrimiento de conocimientos y la asimilación de éstos, por consiguiente debemos también comprobar la eficacia de realidad virtual, y concretamente sobre nuestro estado físico y psíquico. También es motivador para el sujeto ya que la imagen en 3D y el sonido HQ captan la atención con gran facilidad. El presente estudio se ha realizado con 120 sujetos de diferentes edades. Se establecieron 120 intervenciones y evaluaciones personales. Para acopiar la información y su posterior transcripción, a través de la visualización de películas de realidad virtual. Ejercicio positivo pues descubrimos numerosos parámetros entre ellos la efectividad sobre el estrés fisiológico. Ésta intervención psíquica y metodológica (VR3D) en futuros profesionales nos subraya la importancia de la formación en tecnologías novedosas y su provecho a nivel cardiovascular y emocional de los sujetos en su actividad física.

로토스코핑 기법을 통한 가상현실 영화의 미학적 활용 연구

디지털 기술의 발전과 함께 영화콘텐츠도 다양하게 변화하고 있다. 웹과 모바일 등의 플랫폼들이 개발되면서 이에 맞는 영화콘텐츠들이 등장하였다. 그러나 최근 화두가 되고 있는 가상현실 기술과 디바이스의 발달에도 불구하고 아직 영화콘텐츠 분야의 연구는 미비하다. 본 연구는 HMD(Head Mounted Display) 기반의 가상현실영화 제작을 위하여 로토스코핑 기법 활용한 영화의 미학적 활용을 중심으로 연구를 진행하였다. 먼저 기존의 가상현실 영화 중 그래픽 정보를 활용하여 미학적 표현을 한 사례인 'Notes on Blindness'와 'Pearl' 사례에서 어떻게 가상현실 공간을 미학적으로 표현하였는지를 살펴보았다. 이를 통해 그래픽화된 공간이 가상현실의 관객에게 새로운 미학적 경험을 제공하는 것을 발견하였다. 또한 실사기반 영상에 로토스코핑 기법을 활용한 '웨이킹 라이프' 와 '스캐너 다클리' 사례를 통해 로토스코핑 기법의 판타지적 활용과 성공 사례를 분석하였다. 마지막으로 실사기반의 가상현실 영화에서 관객의 몰입과 욕망의 충족을 위해 '그네 타는 소녀' 작품에 로토스코핑 기법을 적용하여 미학적으로 활용하였다. With the development of digital technology, a cinematic content has been changed into various forms. Web and mobile platforms bring new forms of cinematic contents. However despite of fast growing of VR(Virtual Reality) technology, they haven't applied to cinematic contents yet. This research focused on the esthetical use of rotoscoping technique for the Virtual Reality Cinema based on the (HMD) Head Mounted Display. First, we look though on VR films 'Notes on Blindness' and 'Pearl' to find how these films express esthetical virtual space. Through this, we found out graphical space provide new esthetical experience to viewers in virtual space. Also, we analyze fantastical usages and successful cases of rotoscoping technique with the 'Waking Life' and 'Scanner Darkly' that utilize rotoscoping technique to live action image. Lastly, we utilize rotoscoping technique esthetically to the VR film 'Girl on a swing' to fulfill the viewers experience and desire.

Practicing theory: mnemophrenia – a film-essay on the future of cinema and artificial memories

ABSTRACTThe foundation of my film Mnemophrenia was about practising theory instead of theorizing the practice. My project begins with theory, which then leads to the science fiction film Mnemophrenia that constitutes the practical aspect of it. My film demonstrates how theory and practice can be joined and creates a fruitful union, each one feeding the other. My original theoretical hypothesis is founded on the much-discussed subject of the close relationship between film and memory and more specifically the possible creation of ‘artificial’ memories. Mnemophrenia showcases how film can be a memory system itself, consequently affecting memory and creating artificial memories for the viewers. In Mnemophrenia reality and fiction are integrated, mutually negating each other, since the established reality depicted in the film is proven to be ‘artificial’, based fully on different Virtual Reality films. Ultimately the film and this thesis aim to explore the future of cinema that leads to the blurring of real and artificial memories. Together they attempt to demonstrate the dissolution of these boundaries, to display the two-way relationship of reality and fiction and to showcase how theory fuels practice and practice enlivens theory.

Empathy Engines: How Virtual Reality Films May (or May Not) Revolutionize EducationClouds over Sidra produced by Socrates Kakoulides, Gabo Arora, and Chris Milk. 360° virtual reality film. Distributed on the Within channel and Milk VR USA. 8 minutes, 35 seconds.On the Brink of Famine directed by Marcelle Hopkins and produced by Frontline. 360° virtual reality film.

Previous articleNext article No AccessMedia Essay ReviewEmpathy Engines: How Virtual Reality Films May (or May Not) Revolutionize Education Clouds over Sidra produced by Socrates Kakoulides, Gabo Arora, and Chris Milk. 360° virtual reality film. Distributed on the Within channel and Milk VR USA. 8 minutes, 35 seconds. On the Brink of Famine directed by Marcelle Hopkins and produced by Frontline. 360° virtual reality film.Ben HersonBen Herson Search for more articles by this author PDFPDF PLUSFull Text Add to favoritesDownload CitationTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints Share onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail SectionsMoreDetailsFiguresReferencesCited by Comparative Education Review Volume 60, Number 4November 2016 Sponsored by the Comparative and International Education Society Article DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1086/688582 Views: 745Total views on this site Citations: 4Citations are reported from Crossref © 2016 by the Comparative and International Education Society. All rights reserved.PDF download Crossref reports the following articles citing this article:Valérie Gorin From Empathy to Shame: The Use of Virtual Reality by Humanitarian Organisations, (Dec 2022): 147–170.https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-00824-5_7Daniel Bos Geography and virtual reality, Geography Compass 15, no.99 (Aug 2021).https://doi.org/10.1111/gec3.12590Bonnie Ruberg Empathy and Its Alternatives: Deconstructing the Rhetoric of “Empathy” in Video Games, Communication, Culture and Critique 13, no.11 (Mar 2020): 54–71.https://doi.org/10.1093/ccc/tcz044Reese Muntean, Kate Hennessy, Mei-Ling Park, Yulia Rubleva Sustainable Production and Consumption in 360°, (Jun 2019): 1–4.https://doi.org/10.1109/GEM.2019.8811561

In the Movies.

The article discusses the use of virtual reality (VR) technology in the production of motion pictures. Emphasis is given to topics such as the audience's experience of a 360-degree movie, the use of virtual reality headsets, the short VR film "Backwater," and the lack of plots in VR films in exchange for an immersive viewing experience.

(Re)defining the Gendered Body in Cyberspace: The Virtual Reality Film

The contemporary interaction of the body with information, computing, and communication technologies in Western societies has contributed to a change in our understanding of the concept of the human being, while implying that old ideas surrounding corporeality need to be rethought. It is contended here that the virtual reality film, with its focus on cyberspace, offers opportunities for understanding the complex relationship between gender and information technologies and creates spaces in which the gendered body can be reconsidered. Films like The 13th Floor, The Matrix, and Johnny Mnemonic display digital media and virtual subjects that mirror our complex relationship with technology. The present paper proposes three different ways of representing the interaction between humans and technology: “the penetrated body”, “the cyber-body”, and “the simulated body”. This distinction responds to a hierarchy in which some categorizations are more transcendent than others, and confer different degrees of flexibility regarding the redefinition of the gendered body in the texts involved.