Virtual Private Network Connection Research Articles

Integrating Blockchain and Deep Learning for Enhanced Mobile VPN Forensics: A Comprehensive Framework

In an era marked by technological advancement, the rising reliance on Virtual Private Networks (VPNs) necessitates sophisticated forensic analysis techniques to investigate VPN traffic, especially in mobile environments. This research introduces an innovative approach utilizing Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) and Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) for classifying VPN traffic, aiding forensic investigators in precisely identifying applications or websites accessed via VPN connections. By leveraging the combined strengths of CNNs and GNNs, our method provides an effective solution for discerning user activities during VPN sessions. Further extending this framework, we incorporate blockchain technology to meticulously record all mobile VPN transactions, ensuring a tamper-proof and transparent ledger that significantly bolsters the integrity and admissibility of forensic evidence in legal scenarios. A specific use-case demonstrates this methodology in mobile forensics, where our integrated approach not only accurately classifies data traffic but also securely logs transactional details on the blockchain, offering an unprecedented level of detail and reliability in forensic investigations. Extensive real-world VPN dataset experiments validate our approach, highlighting its potential to achieve high accuracy and offering invaluable insights for both technological and legal domains in the context of mobile VPN usage.

Maternal and child nutrition programme of investigation within the 100 Million Brazilian Cohort: study protocol

IntroductionThere is a limited understanding of the early nutrition and pregnancy determinants of short-term and long-term maternal and child health in ethnically diverse and socioeconomically vulnerable populations within low-income and...

Comparative analysis on virtual private network in the internet of things gateways

A virtual private network (VPN) connects a private network to the internet, primarily the public network, through a secure tunnel. Using a local area network (LAN) segment, users can send and receive data from their colleagues in different locations on the network. The development of VPN allows users to gain access to company applications and databases. Therefore, data can be transmitted through a secure tunnel without the need to configure port forwarding for the internet of things (IoT) gateway, allowing users to access it from any location in the world. A method such as dataplicity and pitunnel was examined to compare with the conventional setting. This research paper examines the current deployment of VPN connections in IoT gateways, discussing their characteristics, benefits, and drawbacks, as well as comparing them. The advantage of this method is that the IoT gateway is always accessible and has internet connectivity, w

Virtual private network (VPN) model for AIS real time monitoring

The need for a ship monitoring system based on Automatic Identification System (AIS) has been developed and provides many broad benefits for the maritime world in Indonesia. The system can become an early warning system (EWS) for ship operators, port operators, and even ship owners for tracking a movement of their ships. By internet connection based Virtual Private Network (VPN) can connect several remote base stations (RBS), VPN technology can integrate many RBS from several remote places into one AIS monitoring system. VPN-based internet connection is used to guarantee a secure network, private internet connection, and can access a network remotely. VPN technology encrypts data exchange even before data transmission reaches the public network. Connecting to the internet using a VPN connection is like accessing the internet using a special tunnel, not in the main internet network. Thus the use of a VPN-based internet connection in the AIS monitoring system can ensure the security of data transmission from RBS to the AIS monitoring server.

CABARAN DAN KEBERKESANAN PENGGUNAAN SIMULATOR CISCO PACKET TRACER DALAM PEMBELAJARAN SAMBUNGAN VPN (VIRTUAL PRIVATE NETWORK)

The simulation method is the use of computer applications that contain processes or models similar to real physical ones for learning purposes or other uses. The effectiveness of learning using simulation techniques does not only depend on the development of the simulation design, but must also understand how the simulation can be implemented. The study conducted is descriptive in order to identify the challenges and effectiveness of using the Cisco Packet Tracer simulator in learning VPN (Virtual Private Network) connections. The sample for this study consisted of 30 students who took a network security course at Kuala Terengganu Polytechnic. The instrument for this study consists of 2 sets of questions. The first set is a questionnaire used to identify the challenges of using the Cisco Packet Tracer simulator and the second is a practical test question to evaluate the effectiveness of using the Cisco Packet Tracer simulator. An experimental group that went through learning using Cisco Packet Tracer and a control group that went through conventional learning was formed to evaluate the effectiveness of using the Cisco Packet Tracer simulator. Data analysis was done using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) software version 27.0. The findings of the study show that there are three main challenges faced by students in the use of Cisco Packet Tracer. First, from a concentration point of view because written instructions need to be remembered and understood. Second, the use of Cisco Packet Tracer requires high skills in simulating a complex network and third, if there is a mistake in designing the network, it will cause errors that are difficult to find and this will have an impact on student learning. The results of the study also found that there was an increase in the academic achievement of students after they followed the learning method using the Cisco Packet Tracer simulator. Continuous improvement needs to be implemented in order to help students overcome the challenges faced when using Cisco Packet Tracer and its use in learning is expected to produce competent students in the field of networking.

QoS Performance Evaluation of IoT-based Virtual Private Network for UAV Video

Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) are popular and are used for surveillance and safety purposes, thus often include live video streaming. An attacker with knowledge of the flight controller’s settings can intercept the camera footage/stream. A virtual private network (VPN) connection is considered as one of the solutions in preventing unauthorised interception, but with a cost. In providing end-to-end encryption connection, the VPN connection can slow the wireless connection speed and, thus, impact the real-time streaming. This article describes the implementation of the IoT-based live video streaming system with VPN and analyses the live streaming performance based on quality of service (QoS) measurements. Comparative analysis between video streaming with and without VPN is presented.

MERANCANG DAN IMPLEMENTASI VPN PPTP UNTUK KONEKSI CLIENT SERVER APLIKASI KEUANGAN IFAS (Studi Kasus Pada Yayasan Teratai Putih Global)

The Teratai Putih Global Foundation is an institution engaged in the field of education which has 9 (nine) school units from Islamic preschool, Islamic Elementary School, Islamic Junior High School, Islamic High School and Vocational Schools spread across Bekasi and Jakarta. The data collection process is mainly related to the administrative and financial processes of students and the recording of school financial cash flows. The foundation and the nine units have school administration system software IFAS (Integrated Finance and Accounting System) in their respective school units, this condition makes it difficult for the foundation to consolidate data and daily reports in real time because they are not connected to each other. VPN (Virtual Private Network) technology allows anyone to be able to access the local network from outside using the internet. The purpose of using a VPN is so that users can access the resources on the server, connect to the database server in real time and get the same rights and settings as physically in the place where the local network is located. With the NDLC (Network Development Life Cycle) method, a method for designing and building networks, VPN connections are designed for a client-server topology and successfully implemented for the IFAS program to run well and smoothly.

Study of SSL-VPN Performance with Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS)

The largely used of cyberspace has brought the attention of business interposes across the globe in modern era which resulted in numerous security issues. Business enterprises find it difficult to protect and manage resource sharing and data infrastructure effectively. The business enterprises consider Virtual private network (VPN) as a novel development to protect data and information, and to create a VPN connection, it is significant to consider the type of security protocols to use to make VPN more efficient and more powerful. The significant issue in this research is to study the performance of Secure Socket Layer (SSL) in VPN with intrusion detection systems (IDS) on Linux operating system in terms of Quality of Service (QoS) parameters (throughput, latency and packet loss). We also used two different encryption algorithms, Triple Data Encryption Standard (TDES/3DES) and Advance Encryption Standard (AES). Encryption algorithms are used to encrypt data, so it cannot be read or modify by a third-party while in transit between two end points of a network. This research found that when considering throughput, packet loss and latency in network infrastructures, SSL/3DES offers fair and reasonable performance than SSL/AES. VPN protocols with higher throughput have the best performance and VPN protocol the low packet loss has the best performance. The research indicated deploying SSL/3DES is more effective in business enterprises also indicated that IDS could be able to function effectively on both protected traffic packets (VPN packets) and server log files.

Research on application of real-time database for air quality automatic monitoring system

With the increase of city air monitoring sites and monitoring project, monitoring instruments and monitoring data are increasing rapidly. When using the traditional relational database in processing huge real-time data, the throughput and timeliness of monitoring system has been unable to meet the needs of the business. In order to solve this problem, this paper introduces the real-time database into the air quality automatic monitoring system. According to the design principles, the paper outlines the four aspects of the design: the composition of the system, the overall structure of the system, the data flow and the network topology. Aim at assembling the embedded system architecture, distributed system, database technology, network browser/server computing mode, client/server network computing technology, and large-scale computer application system of virtual private network connection based on public network. In the specific design, this paper design substation and central station architecture based on the real-time databases and complete the function of field data collection and storage, equipment control, data transmission, human-computer interaction, data exchange interface with third party system and other function. Finally, according to the observation results of the city air quality automatic monitoring system, the project realizes the functions of the system and improve the real-time quality of environmental air monitoring and the capacity of instrument supervision.

A Simple WDM-PON Architecture Together With Private Interconnected ONUs

In this paper, we present and investigate a wavelength-division-multiplexing passive optical network (WDM-PON) with symmetrical 28 Gbit/s on-off keying (OOK) access signals and 3 Gbit/s virtual private network (VPN) link between the optical network units (ONUs) simultaneously. To achieve the VPN connection, a ring-based network architecture is designed to link every ONU. Here, a direct modulation laser diode (LD) of 1311.6 nm wavelength is applied in ONU for VPN transmission to separate from PON network. In the investigation, the fiber and free space optical communication (FSO) based connections are also exploited to connect every ONU. In addition, the corresponding signal behaviors of WDM-PON and VPN networks are also analyzed and discussed.

COVID-19: digital equivalence of health care in English prisons

COVID-19: digital equivalence of health care in English prisons

Virtual private network impacts on the computer network performance with different traffic generators

Virtual private network (VPN) is providing a solution of security to the network nodes. This can be performed by applying tunnels on the link connecting the hosts. However, VPN connection may impact the performance of network according to the traffic density. In this paper, three types of network seniors were tested in presence of VPN connection. A 200 Mbps VPN connection was made between a pair of nodes and performance of this connection is examined by monitoring the time delay and throughput. Network traffic seniors were changes between CRB, HTTP and FTP protocols. Results shown that throughput is not affected when using HTTP-UDP topology. While, throughput is increased when HTTP-TCP topology is used. The time delay is generally increasing in case of HTTP-UDP and HTTP-TCP as compared with other traffic generators.

Electronic Referrals and Digital Imaging Systems in Ophthalmology: A Global Perspective.

Ophthalmology departments face intensifying pressure to expedite sight-saving treatments and reduce the global burden of disease. The use of electronic communication systems, digital imaging, and redesigned service care models is imperative for addressing such demands. The recently developed Scottish Eyecare Integration Project involves an electronic referral system from community optometry to the hospital ophthalmology department using National Health Service (NHS) email with digital ophthalmic images attached, via a virtual private network connection. The benefits over the previous system include reduced waiting times, improved triage, e-diagnosis in 20% without the need for hospital attendance, and rapid electronic feedback to referrers. We draw on the experience of the Scottish Eyecare Integration Project and discuss the global applications of this and other advances in teleophthalmology. We focus particularly on the implications for management and screening of chronic disease, such as glaucoma and diabetic eye disease, and ophthalmic disease, such as retinopathy of prematurity where diagnosis is almost entirely and critically dependent on fundus appearance. Currently in Scotland, approximately 75% of all referrals are electronic from community to hospital. The Scottish Eyecare Integration Project is globally the first of its kind and unique in a national health service. Such speedy, safe, and efficient models of communication are geographically sensitive to service provision, especially in remote and rural regions. Along with advances in teleophthalmology, such systems promote the earlier detection of sight-threatening disease and safe follow-up of non-sight-threatening disease in the community.

High-Availability Virtual Communication for Cloud Access

Cloud computing is a paradigm in which information is permanently stored in servers on the Internet and cached temporarily on clients. Virtual private network (VPN) is the most widely used technology for secure cloud access. Unfortunately, VPN-based cloud services become unavailable when a VPN failure occurs. In this paper, we propose a new scheme to improve the availability of VPN connections against such failures, called high-availability virtual communication (HAVC). Unlike most of the multipath transmission schemes in the literature, the proposed scheme is implemented by using a virtualization technique, and its protocol functions are independent of existing networks - potential clients are not required to modify their applications or operating systems. Simulation results show that the HAVC can not only tolerate VPN failures but also achieve high transmission performance.

Hybrid crosstalk aware Q-Factor analysis for selection of optical virtual private network connection

The presence of physical layer impairments (PLIs) in high-speed optical virtual private network (OVPN) over wavelength-division multiplexing/ dense-wavelength division multiplexing network degrades the connection quality (CQ). The quality can be numerically expressed as the quality factor (Q-Factor) of the connection. The CQ can be further affected by the increasing demand of connections and data speed. It is important to have an efficient OVPN control manager (OVPNCM) to maintain the CQ. OVPNCM can ensure better quality of transmission to the OVPN clients. Traditional routing and wavelength assignment (RWA) algorithms have less regards to the PLIs and cannot provide guaranteed OVPN connection (OVPNC) quality. In order to achieve a guaranteed CQ, we proposed a wavelength assignment (WA) scheme and a hybrid crosstalk model based on linear in-band and nonlinear four-wave mixing crosstalk. The performance of the proposed WA scheme with the hybrid crosstalk model is demonstrated. The results show that the proposed hybrid crosstalk model with WA scheme not only provides a guaranteed OVPNC, but also improves the OVPN performance in terms of blocking probability.

ANALISA PERBANDINGAN WAKTU DAN KECEPATAN TRANSFER PADA MULTI PROTOCOL LABEL SWITCHING (MPLS) DENGAN VIRTUAL PRIVATE NETWORK (VPN) UNTUK PERPINDAHAN DOKUMEN PADA JARINGAN KOMPUTER

MPLS (Multi Protocol Label Switching) technology has been developed and mostly used by the service provider on their main network. Data packets which forwarded from one router to another router can also use VPN (Virtual Private Network) technology. VPNs were developed in the field of computer networks now have many variants, such as MPLS VPN and VPN which connects between computers or a LAN through a public network is the internet. The purpose of this final task is build a lab scale VPN network with MPLS technology use Mikrotik router RB 750GL and create a VPN connection to the STTA campus network passing the public internet. Then do a comparative analysis of the time required and the speed of transfer on both the network. The results of a comparative analysis between MPLS and VPN with the same file capacity, it appears that the MPLS network is faster in time speed and transfer speed

An optimal dynamic resources partitioning auction model for virtual private networks

In this paper, we consider the problem of optimizing the Internet Service Provider (ISP) profit by providing a periodic Dynamic Partitioning (DP) model for utilizing network resources in the context of Virtual Private Networks (VPN). In literature, Complete Sharing (CS), Complete Partitioning (CP), and Bandwidth Borrowing (BR) techniques have been proposed for resource allocation where the following limitations can be noticed: VPN operators can exaggerate about their required resources, resources might be underutilized, and optimal bandwidth utilization is not guaranteed. To overcome the above limitations, we propose to dynamically partition the resources over different QoS classes through periodic auctions that can reduce the reasoning of exaggeration and maximize the ISP profit. Thus, we formulate our problem based on the Integer Linear Programming (ILP) that allows us to maximize the ISP profit and provides the optimal: (1) set of profitable VPN connections, (2) bandwidth division of each network link among QoS classes, and (3) routing scheme for the accepted demand. Furthermore, the proposed ILP model allows us to study the sensitivity of the ISP profit to a targeted revenue objective.

Transparent VPN failure recovery with virtualization

Cloud computing is widely used to provide today’s Internet services. Since its service scope is being extended to a wide range of business applications, the security of network communications between clients and clouds are becoming important. Several cloud vendors support virtual private networks (VPNs) for connecting their clouds. Unfortunately, cloud services become unavailable when a VPN failure occurred in a VPN gateway or networks. We propose a transparent VPN failure recovery scheme that can hide VPN failures from users and operating systems (OSs). This scheme transparently recovers from VPN failures by establishing VPN connections in a virtualization layer. When a VPN failure occurs, a client virtual machine monitor (VMM) automatically reconnects to an available VPN gateway which is geographically distributed and connected via leased lines in clouds. IP address changes are hidden from client OSs and servers via a packet relay system implemented by a relay client in the client VMM and a relay server. We implemented a prototype system based on BitVisor, a small client VMM supporting IPsec VPN, and evaluated the prototype system in a wide-area distributed Internet environment in Japan. Experimental results show that our scheme can maintain TCP connections on VPN failures, and performance overhead with the virtualization layer is around 0.6 ms to latency and 8%–30% to throughput.

Formative evaluation of a telemedicine model for delivering clinical neurophysiology services part I: Utility, technical performance and service provider perspective

BackgroundFormative evaluation is conducted in the early stages of system implementation to assess how it works in practice and to identify opportunities for improving technical and process performance. A formative evaluation of a teleneurophysiology service was conducted to examine its technical and sociological dimensions.MethodsA teleneurophysiology service providing routine EEG investigation was established. Service use, technical performance and satisfaction of clinical neurophysiology personnel were assessed qualitatively and quantitatively. These were contrasted with a previously reported analysis of the need for teleneurophysiology, and examination of expectation and satisfaction with clinical neurophysiology services in Ireland. A preliminary cost-benefit analysis was also conducted.ResultsOver the course of 40 clinical sessions during 20 weeks, 142 EEG investigations were recorded and stored on a file server at a satellite centre which was 130 miles away from the host clinical neurophysiology department. Using a virtual private network, the EEGs were accessed by a consultant neurophysiologist at the host centre for interpretation. The model resulted in a 5-fold increase in access to EEG services as well as reducing average waiting times for investigation by a half. Technically the model worked well, although a temporary loss of virtual private network connectivity highlighted the need for clarity in terms of responsibility for troubleshooting and repair of equipment problems. Referral quality, communication between host and satellite centres, quality of EEG recordings, and ease of EEG review and reporting indicated that appropriate organisational processes were adopted by the service. Compared to traditional CN service delivery, the teleneurophysiology model resulted in a comparable unit cost per EEG.ConclusionObservations suggest that when traditional organisational boundaries are crossed challenges associated with the social dimension of service delivery may be amplified. Teleneurophysiology requires a governance and management that recognises its socio-technical nature.

The Implementation of an Electronic Document Management System at a Drug Information Center

Objective: To describe a method for creating an electronic document management (EDM) system at a drug information (DI) center based at an academic medical center to improve efficiency and provide increased availability through remote access. Summary: At DI centers, written materials not available electronically are often stored in file cabinets and retrieved by an individual when required. This process can be time-consuming and inefficient. Various EDM programs were evaluated and compared based on capabilities, cost of implementation and maintenance, and efficiency. Following program selection, documents were scanned onto a dedicated personal computer (PC) and organized according to a predetermined hierarchy of folders. Specialists then performed optical character recognition (OCR) and entered authors, titles, and assigned key words for each new electronic file. Results: It was determined that Adobe Acrobat software fulfilled all requirements at minimal expense. A specialist is able to scan and electronically file 72 documents (496 pages) per hour, perform OCR on 40 documents per hour, and attach titles, authors, and key words to newly scanned documents at a rate of 10 articles per hour. This EDM system is capable of storing in excess of 70,000 documents on a PC with 250 GB of hard disk space and 4 GB of random access memory, which can be accessed remotely from any computer through a secure virtual private network connection. Conclusions: Adobe Acrobat software, when combined with a high-resolution scanner, provides an inexpensive method for EDM that allows for immediate document retrieval, expansion of operations, and remote access.